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1. Analysis of Library School Syllabi Reveals Poor Design and Limited Content about Disability and Accessibility

Author: Nandi Prince
Subjects: Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract: A Review of: Pionke, J. (2023). What are library graduate students learning about disability and accessibility? A syllabus analysis. Urban Library Journal, 29(1). https://academicworks.cuny.edu/ulj/vol29/iss1/2/ Objective – To analyze the disability and accessibility content of library sciences courses. As well as to determine the importance of teaching students about this topic throughout programs covered in the study. Design – Qualitative study involving the data analysis of syllabi. Setting – Selected library graduate school curriculum programs in the United States. Subjects – In total, 77 syllabi drawn from 49 institutions taken from the American Library Association listing of accredited library school graduate programs. Methods – The author used keyword searches to identify courses offered between 2017–2020 that contained content on disability and accessibility. Syllabi were available for 77 of the 145 identified courses. The author analyzed the sample set (n=77) for both content and structure. Main Results – Poor citation structure, disability accommodation statements, assessment, and a focus on digital accessibility were among the main findings highlighted. The author identified four major categories to explain and understand the content found on the syllabi; these descriptors were further broken down into sub-categories to explain the findings of each topic content area. Highlights of the results are: • disability and accessibility topics and all related terms were ranked according to number of times they appeared, e.g. digital content, usability, web/internet, coding (22); instruction and information literacy (16); and specific demographics etc. (10); • the organization and sequencing of when course content was presented - at the beginning, middle and end of the semester; • citation currency– Two hundred syllabi were analyzed. One hundred and forty-one syllabi had fairly current citation dates falling between 2009-2018. Forty-eight had no dates and eleven had dates that were outdated (2008 or earlier); • assignments – which measured the learning outcome of the said topic were reported in the following way: nothing assigned (67); 1 or more assignments (11); undetermined (3). Conclusion –The study underlies that a well-crafted syllabus effectively communicates the goals of the course – the importance of the topic structure about disability and accessibility in library schools’ curricula. The author identified numerous design flaws that impact how the content relays information about the course’s pedagogy. The data suggest the need for the following improvements on the syllabi: professional topic presentation, variety of formats in texts and materials and their access, citation currency and poor structure, assignments and organization sequencing of course content, a number of assessment focused observations on vague assignments or lack of examples provided, and the inclusion of disability statements. Some of the higher order concerns were: the ableist language contained, outdated language, and the lack of stated university-related disability resources for students. All of the aforementioned present an accessibility barrier for disabled students and may affect the general perception about the topic. The author recommends that stronger guidelines for LIS educators would be advantageous to students, encourage disability awareness and the best DEI practices. Further to this, libraries should implement and adapt a strategic plan that would help overcome accessibility barriers for patron delivery services. There must be an increased emphasis on teaching about accessibility that expands beyond forms of digital media. Providing equitable library services in all areas for the disabled populations in the physical library spaces is needed.
Published: 2024
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2. Continuing Education and Data Training Initiatives are Needed to Positively Impact Academic Librarians Providing Data Services

Author: Nandi Prince
Subjects: Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract: A Review of: Fuhr, J. (2022). Developing data services skills in academic libraries. College & Research Libraries, 83(3), 474. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.83.3.474 Objective – To measure the existing data services skills of academic librarians and gather information on the preferred training programs available to enhance those skill Design – Survey questionnaire. Setting – Libraries in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Subjects – One hundred and twenty respondents who self-identified as providing data services. Most (85%) worked in academic libraries with 7% in hospital libraries, 3% in government libraries and 5% in other types of libraries. Methods – Permission was received from the institution ethics board to administer an incentivized survey. All respondents received a 22-question survey which consisted of a mix of Likert-scale questions, multiple choice, open-ended, and short answer questions. The survey was open for two months, beginning on February 20, 2020. One hundred and twenty responses were collected from librarians. A regression analysis was run for the four-skill set categories: general data services, programming languages and software, library instruction, and soft skills. The four variables measured were: geographic region, percentage of time spent performing data management services, length of time served in the data services role, and overall length of time spent in the library science field. Main Results – The strongest data services skill sets were soft skills and instruction. The weakest skill set was programming languages and software. The more time a librarian spent providing data services, the higher their self-assessed score was for programming languages and software and general data services. Librarians from the United States rated themselves higher than Canadian librarians in data analysis software, data visualization, data mining, programming languages, text editors and project management. Preferred forms of professional development were learning by doing and self-directed learning. Biggest impediments to professional development were lack of time (34%), high cost (28%), and lack of support from administrators and supervisors (26%). Qualitative comments revealed challenges related to a lack of support, a lack of direction, and a lack of defined roles. Conclusion – The survey revealed that additional training and development skills initiatives are necessary for practitioners supporting data services in academic libraries. Academic data librarianship is an emerging field with vaguely articulated roles for the data practitioner in a broad range of settings. Furthermore, the skills and training needed are not clearly defined. The standardization of education, training and the core competencies needed for the mechanics of the roles are challenging to define because of diversity within the field. Libraries embarking on providing data management services need to explore what services their community of researchers needs and plan to equip their staff with appropriate skill sets.
Published: 2023
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3. The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction between Leadership and Organizational Performance and the Moderating Effect of Educational Context

Author: Fahrettin Giliç, Sedat Kanadli, Yüksel Gündüz, and Yusuf I?Nandi
Abstract: Background/purpose: Leadership behaviors correlate with job satisfaction, which is supposed to have impact on overall organizational performance. This study aimed to establish a model to explain organizational performance by determining the relational effect size between transformational and transactional leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational performance, and to examine the moderating effect of educational context. Materials/methods: Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) technique was used to determine the effect size of the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational performance. The model-data fit of the models established between these variables was then examined. Correlation coefficients from 25 primary studies were combined according to the random effects model. Results: Analysis showed that significant effect sizes (p < .05) were found between transformational and transactional leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational performance. The model constructed between these variables was found to have a good model-data fit. Transformational and transactional leadership affects employees' job satisfaction, and job satisfaction affects their organizational performance. The primary findings of the study are that employee job satisfaction is a partial mediator of the indirect effect of transformational leadership on organizational performance, and that leadership context does not significantly moderate the effect between these variables. Conclusion: Organizational leaders need to consider the job satisfaction level of their subordinates in order to enhance organizational performance.
Published: 2024

4. Midwest Ecological Study Outlined the Neighbourhood Literacy Environment and the Inequitable Access Children Have to Books in Public Library Branches

Author: Nandi Prince
Subjects: Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract: A Review of: Crosh, C., Hutton, J., Szumlas, G., Xu, Y., Beck, A., & Riley, C. (2022). Inequities in public library branch access and children’s book circulation in a Midwestern American city. The International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion (IJIDI), 6(3), 68-81. https://doi.org/10.33137/ijidi.v6i4.38127 Objective – To explore the impact of the neighbourhood literacy environment (NLE) by examining associations between public library locations, book circulation rates, and neighbourhood racial composition. Design – An ecological study using aggregated data sources. Setting – Forty selected neighbourhood public libraries in the state of Ohio, United States of America. Subjects – Analysis of (1) existing circulation statistics from January 2014 to December 2018 for the neighbourhoods of Cincinnati and Hamilton Public Libraries; and (2) the American Community Survey (ACS) data from 2018. Methods – Among the key components studied for the population was the NLE, which the authors defined as access to literacy materials in a neighbourhood. The data the authors examined for the targeted populations were race, age, poverty level, and library location. The two groups of variables computed were: (1) the connection between circulation rates of children’s books and child poverty; (2) the connection between circulation statistics and the proportion of people who self-identify as Black in the neighbourhood. Additionally, the researchers used the Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient (rs) to measure the relationships between the correlating variables within each neighbourhood library branch – number of books circulated per child; the census data of children who self-identified as Black; and the children who were designated as 20% below the federal poverty level (FPL). The Chi-square test was used to calculate associations between access to a library branch and child poverty in each neighborhood. In this study, the researchers only looked at the associations between variables at an aggregate level. The authors defined the terms they used in the study: (1) children were ages 0-18 years; (2) children’s books were literature intended for an audience from 0-18 years old; (3) the definition of poverty was taken from the U.S. Census and classified as neighborhoods with 20% of children below the FPL. Main Results – There were 40 library branches that served 81 neighbourhoods, of which there was only a 38% distribution in the high-poverty areas, compared with 58% for the low. Approximately 24 million books were circulated during the 5-year period of 2014 -2018. The median circulation rate per child at the neighbourhood level was 22 books. The results showed steep variations in circulation rates per child across branch locations; the numbers range from 3 to 98 books per child across neighborhoods. The authors indicated that the increases and decreases in the circulation rates were tied to branch location and the area’s socioeconomic status. The primary finding of the data analyzed was a negative correlation between the population identified as Black/African American and lower circulation rates in poorer neighbourhoods. Limitations identified by the authors were (1) the allocation of literacy resources per branch was unknown; (2) the in-library book user statistics in high-poverty neighbourhoods may not be accurately documented; (3) the precise allocations for literacy funds and the use of in-library resources for developing literacy skills need further study. Conclusion – The authors noted that race, economic status, and proximity to public libraries were pertinent factors in understanding inequitable access to books for children in the neighbourhoods studied. The NLE was an important dynamic beyond the home; the availability of books and engagement with them were contributing factors to the development of literacy skills. The associations observed between the variables indicated that improving the NLE matters and libraries must mindfully work to alleviate the disproportionately lower levels of access to books and their unfavorable outcome for children in low-income areas.
Published: 2023
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5. Applying the UTAUT Model to Understand Factors Affecting the Use of Learning Management System for Learning Pedagogical Education

Author: Rusman, Rusman O. Setiasih, Nandi, Wawan Setiawardani, and Eri Yusron
Abstract: This study aims to identify factors that can influence students when using the learning management system (LMS) in learning educational pedagogy. The LMS that we mean in this study is Pedagogi.id Platform. The design model in the study uses the UTAUT model. Questionnaires with five UTAUT variables, namely performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, behavioral intention, and use behavior, were distributed to students at one of the universities in Bandung. Hypothesis testing or data analysis of this study using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach with the help of the SmartPLS application. The results showed that the entire hypothesis was accepted or had a significant influence between variables. The most potent factors shown based on the results of the magnitude of influence are the variables facilitating conditions on student usage behavior and performance expectancy on student behavior intention. Therefore, this study recommends learning by utilizing technology, especially in universities, to improve students' knowledge and skills, one of which is using the Pedagogi.id Platform.
Published: 2024

6. Nature of the activity-mediated unjamming transition in confluent cell monolayers

Author: Sadhukhan, Souvik, Dasgupta, Chandan, and Nandi, Saroj Kumar
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract: Activity-mediated unjamming transition in confluent systems is crucial for embryogenesis, wound healing, cancer metastasis, etc. During these processes, the cells progressively change their junction properties, characterized by an interaction parameter $p_0$, and become motile. How does activity affect this unjamming transition? Using molecular dynamics simulations of the active Vertex model and analytical mode-coupling theory (MCT), we show that the nature of the transition in the presence of activity remains similar to that in equilibrium. The agreement of the simulation results with the MCT predictions demonstrates that the structure-dynamics feedback mechanism controls the relaxation dynamics. In addition, we present the first computation of a dynamic length scale, $\xi_d$, and show that the growing relaxation time accompanies an increasing $\xi_d$. Furthermore, unlike particulate glasses, the static length is proportional to $\xi_d$. Our results highlight the unique nature of the glassy dynamics in confluent systems and rationalize the existing experimental data.
Published: 2024

7. Training Neural Networks for Modularity aids Interpretability

Author: Golechha, Satvik, Cope, Dylan, and Schoots, Nandi
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: An approach to improve network interpretability is via clusterability, i.e., splitting a model into disjoint clusters that can be studied independently. We find pretrained models to be highly unclusterable and thus train models to be more modular using an ``enmeshment loss'' function that encourages the formation of non-interacting clusters. Using automated interpretability measures, we show that our method finds clusters that learn different, disjoint, and smaller circuits for CIFAR-10 labels. Our approach provides a promising direction for making neural networks easier to interpret., Comment: 4 pages, preprint
Published: 2024

8. Structural response of neutron stars to rapid rotation and its impact on the braking index

Author: Basu, Avishek, Char, Prasanta, and Nandi, Rana
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Pulsars are rotating neutron stars that are observed to be slowing down, implying a loss of their kinetic energy. There can be several different physical mechanisms involved in their spin-down process. The properties of fast-rotating pulsars depend on the nature of the neutron star matter, which can also affect the spin-down mechanisms. In this work, we examine three different physical phenomena contributing to the spin-down: magnetic dipole radiation, gravitational mass quadrupole radiation due to the ``mountain" formation, gravitational mass current quadrupole radiation or the r-modes, and calculate the expressions for the braking indices due to all of them. We have also considered jointly the implications of the uncertainties of the equation of the state of neutron star matter and rapid rotation on the braking indices corresponding to the aforementioned processes and their combinations. In all cases, the rapid rotation results in a departure from the standard values in the literature for the braking index when the rotational effects are ignored. If generated with a saturation amplitude within the range of $10^{-4} - 10^{-1}$, the r-mode oscillations dominate the spin-down of millisecond pulsars. We also explore the braking index in the context of millisecond magnetars. This study examines two braking index measurements in the context of newly born millisecond magnetars from two observed short $\gamma$-ray bursts. The measured braking indices for these objects are consistent with our estimation, which allows us to conclude that the spin frequency of the remnants is within the range of $\sim 550-850$ Hz.
Published: 2024

9. About almost covering subsets of the hypercube

Author: Ghosh, Arijit, Kayal, Chandrima, and Nandi, Soumi
Subjects: Mathematics - Combinatorics, Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics, 05D40, 51D20, F.2.2, G.2.1
Abstract: Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a field, and consider the hypercube $\{ 0, 1 \}^{n}$ in $\mathbb{F}^{n}$. Sziklai and Weiner (Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 2022) showed that if a polynomial $P ( X_{1}, \dots, X_{n} ) \in \mathbb{F}[ X_{1}, \dots, X_{n}]$ vanishes on every point of the hypercube $\{0,1\}^{n}$ except those with at most $r$ many ones then the degree of the polynomial will be at least $n-r$. This is a generalization of Alon and F\"uredi's fundamental result (European Journal of Combinatorics 1993) about polynomials vanishing on every point of the hypercube except at the origin (point with all zero coordinates). Sziklai and Weiner proved their interesting result using M\"{o}bius inversion formula and the Zeilberger method for proving binomial equalities. In this short note, we show that a stronger version of Sziklai and Weiner's result can be derived directly from Alon and F\"{u}redi's result., Comment: 2 pages. Fixed a typo in the proof of Theorem 4. Results unchanged
Published: 2024

10. LIGO Detector Characterization in the first half of the fourth Observing run

Author: Soni, S., Berger, B. K., Davis, D., Renzo, F. Di., Effler, A., Ferreira, T. A., Glanzer, J., Goetz, E., González, G., Helmling-Cornell, A., Hughey, B., Huxford, R., Mannix, B., Mo, G., Nandi, D., Neunzert, A., Nichols, S., Pham, K., Renzini, A. I., Schofield, R. M. S., Stuver, A, Trevor, M., Álvarez-López, S., Beda, R., Berry, C. P. L., Bhuiyan, S., Bruntz, R., Christensen, N., Blagg, L., Chan, M., Charlton, P., Connolly, G., Dhatri, R., Ding, J., Garg, V., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Hourihane, S., Jani, K., Janssens, K., Jarov, S., Knee, A. M., Lattal, A., Lecoeuche, Y., Littenberg, T., Liyanage, A., Lott, B., Macas, R., Malakar, D., McGowan, K., McIver, J., Millhouse, M., Nuttall, L., Nykamp, D., Ota, I., Rawcliffe, C., Scully, B., Tasson, J., Tejera, A., Thiele, S., Udall, R., Winborn, C., Yarbrough, Z., Zhang, Z., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Adhikari, R. X., Ananyeva, A., Appert, S., Arai, K., Aritomi, N., Aston, S. M., Ball, M., Ballmer, S. W., Barker, D., Barsotti, L., Betzwieser, J., Billingsley, G., Biscans, S., Bode, N., Bonilla, E., Bossilkov, V., Branch, A., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Bryant, J., Cahillane, C., Cao, H., Capote, E., Clara, F., Collins, J., Compton, C. M., Cottingham, R., Coyne, D. C., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cullen, T. J., Dartez, L. P., Demos, N., Dohmen, E., Driggers, J. C., Dwyer, S. E., Ejlli, A., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Feicht, J., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Ganapathy, D., Gateley, B., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Goetz, R., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gras, S., Gray, C., Griffith, D., Grote, H., Guidry, T., Hall, E. D., Hanks, J., Hanson, J., Heintze, M. C., Holland, N. A., Hoyland, D., Huang, H. Y., Inoue, Y., James, A. L., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Karat, S., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Kawabe, K., Kijbunchoo, N., King, P. J., Kissel, J. S., Komori, K., Kontos, A., Kumar, Rahul, Kuns, K., Landry, M., Lantz, B., Laxen, M., Lee, K., Lesovsky, M., Llamas, F., Lormand, M., Loughlin, H. A., MacInnis, M., Makarem, C. N., Mansell, G. L., Martin, R. M., Mason, K., Matichard, F., Mavalvala, N., Maxwell, N., McCarrol, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McRae, T., Mera, F., Merilh, E. L., Meylahn, F., Mittleman, R., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Mullavey, A., Nakano, M., Nelson, T. J. N., Notte, J., Oberling, J., O'Hanlon, T., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Parker, W., Pele, A., Pham, H., Pirello, M., Quetschke, V., Ramirez, K. E., Reyes, J., Richardson, J. W., Robinson, M., Rollins, J. G., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., Ross, M. P., Ryan, K., Sadecki, T., Sanchez, A., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Savage, R. L., Schaetzl, D., Schiworski, M. G., Schnabel, R., Schwartz, E., Sellers, D., Shaffer, T., Short, R. W., Sigg, D., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Soike, C., Srivastava, V., Sun, L., Tanner, D. B., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Torrie, C. I., Traylor, G., Ubhi, A. S., Vajente, G., Vanosky, J., Vecchio, A., Veitch, P. J., Vibhute, A. M., von Reis, E. R. G., Warner, J., Weaver, B., Weiss, R., Whittle, C., Willke, B., Wipf, C. C., Xu, V. A., Yamamoto, H., Zhang, L., and Zucker, M. E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Progress in gravitational-wave astronomy depends upon having sensitive detectors with good data quality. Since the end of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA third Observing run in March 2020, detector-characterization efforts have lead to increased sensitivity of the detectors, swifter validation of gravitational-wave candidates and improved tools used for data-quality products. In this article, we discuss these efforts in detail and their impact on our ability to detect and study gravitational-waves. These include the multiple instrumental investigations that led to reduction in transient noise, along with the work to improve software tools used to examine the detectors data-quality. We end with a brief discussion on the role and requirements of detector characterization as the sensitivity of our detectors further improves in the future Observing runs., Comment: 35 pages, 18 figures
Published: 2024

11. UNC-104 transport properties are robust and independent of changes in its cargo binding

Author: Shee, Amir, Sabharwal, Vidur, Koushika, Sandhya P., Nandi, Amitabha, and Chaudhuri, Debasish
Subjects: Physics - Biological Physics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract: Cargo distribution within eukaryotic cells relies on the active transport mechanisms driven by molecular motors. Despite their critical role, the intricate relationship between motor transport properties and cargo binding - and its impact on motor distribution - remains inadequately understood. Additionally, improper regulation of ubiquitination, a pivotal post-translational modification that affects protein degradation, activation, and localization, is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Recent data showed that ubiquitination can alter motor-cargo binding of the Kinesin-3 motor UNC-104 / KIF1A that transports synaptic vesicles. To investigate how ubiquitin-like modifications affect motor protein function, particularly cargo binding, transport properties, and distribution, we utilize the PLM neuron of C. elegans as a model system. Using fluorescent microscopy, we assess the distribution of cargo-bound UNC-104 motors along the axon and probe their dynamics using FRAP experiments. We model cargo binding kinetics with a Master equation and motor density dynamics using a Fokker-Planck approach. Our combined experimental and theoretical analysis reveals that ubiquitin-like knockdowns enhance UNC-104's cooperative binding to its cargo. However, these modifications do not affect UNC-104's transport properties, such as processivity and diffusivity. Thus, while ubiquitin-like modifications significantly impact the cargo-binding of UNC-104, they do not alter its transport dynamics, keeping the homeostatic distribution of UNC-104 unchanged., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2024

12. Impact of cosmic web on galaxy properties and their correlations: Insights from Principal Component Analysis

Author: Nandi, Anindita and Pandey, Biswajit
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to analyze a volume-limited sample from the SDSS and explore how cosmic web environments affect the interrelations between various galaxy properties, such as $(u-r)$ colour, stellar mass, specific star formation rate, metallicity, concentration index, and $D4000$. Our analysis reveals that the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) account for approximately $\sim 72\%$ of the data variance. We then classify galaxies into different cosmic web environments based on the eigenvalues of the deformation tensor and compare PC1 and PC2 across these environments, ensuring a mass-matched sample of equal size for each environment. We observe that PC1 displays clear bimodality across all cosmic web environments, with sheets and clusters showing distinct preferences for negative and positive PC1 values, respectively. PC2, on the other hand, shows a positively skewed unimodal distribution in all environments. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test confirms that the distributions of PC1 and PC2 differ significantly across environments, with a confidence level exceeding $99.99\%$. Furthermore, we calculate the normalized mutual information (NMI) between the principal components and individual galaxy properties within different cosmic web environments. A two-tailed t-test reveals that for each relationship and each pair of environments, the null hypothesis is rejected with a confidence level $>99.99\%$. Our analysis confirms that cosmic web environments play a significant role in shaping the correlations between galaxy properties., Comment: 22 pages, 8 tables, 9 figures, comments are welcome
Published: 2024

13. Automatic Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images Using Deep Learning Model

Author: Das, Alloy, Agarwal, Rohit, Singh, Rituparna, Chowdhury, Arindam, and Nandi, Debashis
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: The infectious disease caused by novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) has been widely spreading since last year and has shaken the entire world. It has caused an unprecedented effect on daily life, global economy and public health. Hence this disease detection has life-saving importance for both patients as well as doctors. Due to limited test kits, it is also a daunting task to test every patient with severe respiratory problems using conventional techniques (RT-PCR). Thus implementing an automatic diagnosis system is urgently required to overcome the scarcity problem of Covid-19 test kits at hospital, health care systems. The diagnostic approach is mainly classified into two categories-laboratory based and Chest radiography approach. In this paper, a novel approach for computerized corona virus (2019-nCoV) detection from lung x-ray images is presented. Here, we propose models using deep learning to show the effectiveness of diagnostic systems. In the experimental result, we evaluate proposed models on publicly available data-set which exhibit satisfactory performance and promising results compared with other previous existing methods., Comment: Accepted in AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2424, No. 1)
Published: 2024

14. Quark Flavor Balancing in Nuclear Collisions

Author: Patley, Yash, Nandi, Basanta, Dash, Sadhana, Gonzalez, Victor, and Pruneau, Claude
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The notion of charge balance function, originally designed to study the evolution of charge production in heavy-ion collisions, is extended to consider quark flavor balancing. This extension is considered based on simulations performed with the PYTHIA 8 event generator in the context of pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13.6$ TeV but can be trivially applied to any other scenario and implemented in measurements of correlated particle production in pp, pA, and AA collisions at colliders. Correlation of selected flavor balancing pairs are examined as function of the produced charged particle multiplicity. One finds that the amplitude of the correlations increases monotonically with the number of balanced flavors and the actual flavor content of correlated particles.
Published: 2024

15. h4rm3l: A Dynamic Benchmark of Composable Jailbreak Attacks for LLM Safety Assessment

Author: Doumbouya, Moussa Koulako Bala, Nandi, Ananjan, Poesia, Gabriel, Ghilardi, Davide, Goldie, Anna, Bianchi, Federico, Jurafsky, Dan, and Manning, Christopher D.
Subjects: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Machine Learning, 68, I.2, I.2.0, I.2.1, I.2.5, I.2.7, K.6.5, K.4.2
Abstract: The safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a critical concern due to a lack of adequate benchmarks for systematically evaluating their ability to resist generating harmful content. Previous efforts towards automated red teaming involve static or templated sets of illicit requests and adversarial prompts which have limited utility given jailbreak attacks' evolving and composable nature. We propose a novel dynamic benchmark of composable jailbreak attacks to move beyond static datasets and taxonomies of attacks and harms. Our approach consists of three components collectively called h4rm3l: (1) a domain-specific language that formally expresses jailbreak attacks as compositions of parameterized prompt transformation primitives, (2) bandit-based few-shot program synthesis algorithms that generate novel attacks optimized to penetrate the safety filters of a target black box LLM, and (3) open-source automated red-teaming software employing the previous two components. We use h4rm3l to generate a dataset of 2656 successful novel jailbreak attacks targeting 6 state-of-the-art (SOTA) open-source and proprietary LLMs. Several of our synthesized attacks are more effective than previously reported ones, with Attack Success Rates exceeding 90% on SOTA closed language models such as claude-3-haiku and GPT4-o. By generating datasets of jailbreak attacks in a unified formal representation, h4rm3l enables reproducible benchmarking and automated red-teaming, contributes to understanding LLM safety limitations, and supports the development of robust defenses in an increasingly LLM-integrated world. Warning: This paper and related research artifacts contain offensive and potentially disturbing prompts and model-generated content.
Published: 2024

16. 3D $\mathcal{N}=1$ supergravity from Virasoro TQFT: Gravitational partition function and Out-of-time-order correlator

Author: Bhattacharyya, Arpan, Ghosh, Saptaswa, Nandi, Poulami, and Pal, Sounak
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Mathematical Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract: In this paper, we compute the partition functions of $\mathcal{N}=1$ SUGRA for different boundary topologies, i.e. sphere and torus, using super-Virasoro TQFT. We use fusion and modular kernels of the super-Liouville theory to compute the necklace-channel conformal block and showcase formalism by proving that the inner product holds for superconformal blocks, defined as states in the Hilbert space. Finally, we compute the out-of-time-order correlator for the torus topology with superconformal primary insertions as matter using the tools of super-Virasoro TQFT and investigate its early-time behaviour., Comment: 48 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Published: 2024

17. Robust Implementation of Discrete-time Quantum Walks in Any Finite-dimensional Quantum System

Author: Nandi, Biswayan, Singha, Sandipan, Datta, Ankan, Saha, Amit, and Chakrabarti, Amlan
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Abstract: Research has shown that quantum walks can accelerate certain quantum algorithms and act as a universal paradigm for quantum processing. The discrete-time quantum walk (DTQW) model, owing to its discrete nature, stands out as one of the most suitable choices for circuit implementation. Nevertheless, most current implementations are characterized by extensive, multi-layered quantum circuits, leading to higher computational expenses and a notable decrease in the number of confidently executable time steps on current quantum computers. Since quantum computers are not scalable enough in this NISQ era, we also must confine ourselves to the ancilla-free frontier zone. Therefore, in this paper, we have successfully cut down the circuit cost concerning gate count and circuit depth by half through our proposed methodology in qubit systems as compared to the state-of-the-art increment-decrement approach. Furthermore, for the engineering excellence of our proposed approach, we implement DTQW in any finite-dimensional quantum system with akin efficiency. To ensure an efficient implementation of quantum walks without requiring ancilla, we have incorporated an intermediate qudit technique for decomposing multi-qubit gates. Experimental outcomes hold significance far beyond the realm of just a few time steps, laying the groundwork for dependable implementation and utilization on quantum computers., Comment: 13 pages, 21 figures
Published: 2024

18. $\Delta$-Machine Learning to Elevate DFT-based Potentials and a Force Field to the CCSD(T) Level Illustrated for Ethanol

Author: Nandi, Apurba, Pandey, Priyanka, Houston, Paul L., Qu, Chen, Yu, Qi, Conte, Riccardo, Tkatchenko, Alexandre, and Bowman, Joel M.
Subjects: Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract: Progress in machine learning has facilitated the development of potentials that offer both the accuracy of first-principles techniques and vast increases in the speed of evaluation. Recently,"$\Delta$-machine learning" has been used to elevate the quality of a potential energy surface (PES) based on low-level, e.g., density functional theory (DFT) energies and gradients to close to the gold-standard coupled cluster level of accuracy. We have demonstrated the success of this approach for molecules, ranging in size from H$_3$O$^+$ to 15-atom acetyl-acetone and tropolone. These were all done using the B3LYP functional. Here we investigate the generality of this approach for the PBE, M06, M06-2X, and PBE0+MBD functionals, using ethanol as the example molecule. Linear regression with permutationally invariant polynomials is used to fit both low-level and correction PESs. These PESs are employed for standard RMSE analysis for training and test datasets, and then general fidelity tests such as energetics of stationary points, normal mode frequencies, and torsional potentials are examined. We achieve similar improvements in all cases. Interestingly, we obtained significant improvement over DFT gradients where coupled cluster gradients were not used to correct the low-level PES. Finally, we present some results for correcting a recent molecular mechanics force field for ethanol and comment on the possible generality of this approach.
Published: 2024

19. When Life Gives You Lemons, Squeeze Your Way Through: Understanding Citrus Avoidance Behaviour by Free-Ranging Dogs in India

Author: Pal, Tuhin Subhra, Nandi, Srijaya, Sarkar, Rohan, and Bhadra, Anindita
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Other Quantitative Biology
Abstract: Palatability of food is driven by multiple factors like taste, smell, texture, freshness, etc. and can be very variable across species. There are classic examples of local adaptations leading to speciation, driven by food availability. Urbanization across the world is causing rapid decline of biodiversity, while also driving local adaptations in some species. Free-ranging dogs are an interesting example of adaptation to a human-dominated environment across varied habitats. They have co-existed with humans for centuries and are a perfect model system for studying local adaptations. We attempted to understand a specific aspect of their scavenging behaviour in India: citrus aversion. Pet dogs are known to avoid citrus fruits and food contaminated by them. In India, lemons are used widely in the cuisine, and discarded in the garbage. Hence, free-ranging dogs, that typically are scavengers of human leftovers, are likely to encounter lemons and lemon-contaminated food on a regular basis. We carried out a population level experiment to test response of free-ranging dogs to chicken contaminated with various parts of lemon. The dogs avoided chicken contaminated with lemon juice the most. Further, when provided with chicken dipped in three different concentrations of lemon juice, the lowest concentration was most preferred. A survey confirmed that the local people use lemon in their diet extensively and also discard these with the leftovers. People avoided giving citrus contaminated food to their pets but did not follow the same caution for free-ranging dogs. This study revealed that free-ranging dogs in West Bengal, India, are well adapted to scavenging among citrus-contaminated garbage and have their own strategies to avoid the contamination as far as possible, while maximizing their preferred food intake., Comment: Includes supplementary information
Published: 2024

20. Angular momentum dependence in multiphoton ionization and attosecond time delays

Author: Benda, Jakub, Mašín, Zdeněk, Palakkal, Sreelakshmi, Lépine, Franck, Nandi, Saikat, and Loriot, Vincent
Subjects: Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: Attosecond ionization time-delays at photoelectron energies above typically 10 eV are usually interpreted using the so called asymptotic approximation as a sum of the atomic or molecular delays with a universal laser-induced contribution. Here, we employ a two-harmonic RABITT (Reconstruction of Attosecond Beating by Interference of Two-photon Transitions) configuration to isolate the multiphoton pathways and measure the ionization time delays as a function of the dressing field intensity. We show that the validity of the asymptotic theory can be extended to the threshold or to higher-order contributions by rigorously treating the angular-momentum dependence of the continuum-continuum transitions into universal and easily computable partial-wave-specific correction factors. Our asymptotic treatment is also valid for higher-order interfering amplitudes while significantly simplifying their evaluation and providing a transparent physical interpretation. The validity of the method for atomic and molecular targets in the vicinity of resonances, ionization thresholds, and for both the emission-integrated and angularly resolved signal is confirmed by comparison to ab initio calculations over a wide energy range.
Published: 2024

21. Long term wide-band spectro-temporal studies of outbursting black hole candidate sources GX 339-4 and H 1743-322: AstroSat and NuSTAR results

Author: Aneesha, U., Das, Santabrata, Katoch, Tilak B., and Nandi, Anuj
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present a comprehensive spectro-temporal analyses of recurrent outbursting black hole sources GX 339$-$4 and H 1743$-$322 using available AstroSat and NuSTAR archival observations during 2016-2024. The nature of the outburst profiles of both sources are examined using long-term MAXI/GSC and Swift/BAT lightcurves, and failed as well as successful outbursts are classified. Wide-band (0.5-60 keV) spectral modelling with disc (diskbb) and Comptonized (Nthcomp) components indicates that GX 339-4 transits from hard ($kT_{bb}=0.12-0.77$ keV, $\Gamma_{nth}=1.54-1.74$ and $L_{bol}=0.91-11.56$\% $L_{Edd}$) to soft state ($kT_{in}~[\approx{kT}_{bb}]=0.82-0.88$ keV, $\Gamma_{nth}=1.46-3.26$, $L_{bol}=19.59-30.06\%L_{Edd}$) via intermediate state ($kT_{in}~[\approx{kT}_{bb}]=0.56-0.88$ keV, $\Gamma_{nth}=1.76-2.66$, $L_{bol}=2.90-16.09\%L_{Edd}$), whereas H 1743-322 transits from quiescent to hard state ($\Gamma_{nth}=1.57-1.71$, $L_{bol}=2.08-3.48\%L_{Edd}$). We observe type-B and type-C Quasi-periodic Oscillations (QPOs) in GX 339-4 with increasing frequencies ($0.10-5.37$ Hz) along with harmonics. For H 1743-322, prominent type-C QPOs are observed in frequency range 0.22-1.01 Hz along with distinct harmonics. Energy-dependent power spectral studies reveal that fundamental QPO and harmonics disappear beyond 20 keV in GX 339-4, whereas fundamental QPO in H 1743-322 persists up to 40 keV. We also observe that type-C $QPO_{rms}\%$ decreases with energy for both sources although such variations appear marginal for type-B QPOs. Additionally, we report non-monotonic behavior of photon index with plasma temperature and detection of annihilation line. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the observational findings in the context of accretion dynamics around black hole binaries., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2024

22. Anomalous resistivity upturn in Co intercalated TaS$_2$

Author: Nandi, Moumita, Dutta, Surajit, Thamizhavel, A., and Dhar, S. K.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Intercalation of magnetic atoms into the van der Waals gaps of layered transition metal dichalcogenides offers an excellent platform to produce exotic physical properties. Here, we report a detailed study of magnetic and electrical transport properties of Co$_{0.28}$TaS$_2$. The temperature dependent resistivity measurements display anomalous upturn below 11 K, which persists in presence of magnetic field even up to 14 T. In the low temperature region, the resistivity upturn exhibits a unique $T^{1/2}$ scaling behavior, which remains unchanged when an external magnetic field is applied. The $T^{1/2}$ dependence of resistivity upturn is the hallmark of non-Fermi liquid state in orbital two-channel Kondo effect(2CK). This anomalous resistivity upturn in Co$_{0.28}$TaS$_2$ can be attributed to the orbital two-channel Kondo mechanism., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024

23. Swift-BAT GUANO follow-up of gravitational-wave triggers in the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

Author: Raman, Gayathri, Ronchini, Samuele, Delaunay, James, Tohuvavohu, Aaron, Kennea, Jamie A., Parsotan, Tyler, Ambrosi, Elena, Bernardini, Maria Grazia, Campana, Sergio, Cusumano, Giancarlo, D'Ai, Antonino, D'Avanzo, Paolo, D'Elia, Valerio, De Pasquale, Massimiliano, Dichiara, Simone, Evans, Phil, Hartmann, Dieter, Kuin, Paul, Melandri, Andrea, O'Brien, Paul, Osborne, Julian P., Page, Kim, Palmer, David M., Sbarufatti, Boris, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Troja, Eleonora, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abe, H., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adamcewicz, C., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Bai, Y., Baier, J. G., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S. D., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Bogaert, G., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boumerdassi, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, C., Chan, J. C. L., Chan, K. H. M., Chan, M., Chan, W. L., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Chapman-Bird, C., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, X., Chen, Yi-Ru, Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C., Chiarini, G., Chiba, A., Chiba, R., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Croquette, M., Crouch, R., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Daw, E. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Dhurandhar, S., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Donahue, L., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Drori, Y., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Emma, M., Engelby, E., Engl, A. J., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Fan, P. C., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fukunaga, I., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabella, W. E., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Gaonkar, S. G., Garaventa, B., Garcia-Bellido, J., García-Núñez, C., García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghadiri, N., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Gleckl, A. E., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Argianas, L. Granda, Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Gruson, A. S., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurav, R., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haegel, L., Hain, G., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Harder, T., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Healy, J., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Hennig, J. -S., Hennig, M., Henshaw, C., Hernandez, A., Hertog, T., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, P., Hill, S., Himemoto, Y., Hines, A. S., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Ho, J., Hoang, S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Hollows, I. J., Holmes, Z. J., Holz, D. E., Hong, C., Hornung, J., Hoshino, S., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hoyland, D., Hrishikesh, C. A., Hsieh, H. -F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, H. C., Hsu, S. -C., Hsu, W. -F., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, H. Y., Huang, Y. -J., Huang, Y., Huang, Y. T., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Hur, R., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iakovlev, A., Iandolo, G. A., Iess, A., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Irwin, J., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Jan, A. Z., Jani, K., Janiurek, L., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jasal, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Jin, H. -B., Johansmeyer, K., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Karki, S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, J., Kato, T., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaur, T., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khazanov, E. A., Khursheed, M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kimura, N., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Kiyota, T., Klimenko, S., Klinger, T., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Koyama, N., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. Kulur, Kumar, A., Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuroyanagi, S., Kuwahara, S., Kwak, K., Kwan, K., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lai, S., Laity, A. H., Lakkis, M. H., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rana, A., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. 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C., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhong, S., Zhou, R., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received in low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum--likelihood NITRATES pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15-350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10$^{-3}$ Hz, we compute the GW--BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers., Comment: 50 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2024

24. A Practical Guide to Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation from the IFCN-endorsed ITRUSST Consortium

Author: Murphy, Keith R, Nandi, Tulika, Kop, Benjamin, Osada, Takahiro, N'Djin, W Apoutou, Lueckel, Maximilian, Caulfield, Kevin A, Fomenko, Anton, Siebner, Hartwig R, Ugawa, Yoshikazu, Verhagen, Lennart, Bestmann, Sven, Martin, Eleanor, Pauly, Kim Butts, Fouragnan, Elsa, and Bergmann, Til Ole
Subjects: Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract: Low-intensity Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique enabling cortical and deep brain targeting with unprecedented spatial accuracy. Given the high rate of adoption by new users with varying levels of expertise and interdisciplinary backgrounds, practical guidelines are needed to ensure state-of-the-art TUS application and reproducible outcomes. Therefore, the International Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation Safety and Standards (ITRUSST) consortium has formed a subcommittee, endorsed by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), to develop recommendations for best practice in TUS applications in humans. The practical guide presented here provides a brief introduction into ultrasound physics and sonication parameters. It explains the requirements of TUS lab equipment and transducer selection and discusses experimental design and procedures alongside potential confounds and control conditions. Finally, the guide elaborates on essential steps of application planning for stimulation safety and efficacy, as well as considerations when combining TUS with neuroimaging, electrophysiology, or other brain stimulation techniques. We hope that this practical guide to TUS will assist both novice and experienced users in planning and conducting high-quality studies and provide a solid foundation for further advancements in this promising field., Comment: 66 pages, 23 Figures, 2 Tables, 5 Supplementary Tables
Published: 2024

25. Towards Open-World Mobile Manipulation in Homes: Lessons from the Neurips 2023 HomeRobot Open Vocabulary Mobile Manipulation Challenge

Author: Yenamandra, Sriram, Ramachandran, Arun, Khanna, Mukul, Yadav, Karmesh, Vakil, Jay, Melnik, Andrew, Büttner, Michael, Harz, Leon, Brown, Lyon, Nandi, Gora Chand, PS, Arjun, Yadav, Gaurav Kumar, Kala, Rahul, Haschke, Robert, Luo, Yang, Zhu, Jinxin, Han, Yansen, Lu, Bingyi, Gu, Xuan, Liu, Qinyuan, Zhao, Yaping, Ye, Qiting, Dou, Chenxiao, Chua, Yansong, Kuzma, Volodymyr, Humennyy, Vladyslav, Partsey, Ruslan, Francis, Jonathan, Chaplot, Devendra Singh, Chhablani, Gunjan, Clegg, Alexander, Gervet, Theophile, Jain, Vidhi, Ramrakhya, Ram, Szot, Andrew, Wang, Austin, Yang, Tsung-Yen, Edsinger, Aaron, Kemp, Charlie, Shah, Binit, Kira, Zsolt, Batra, Dhruv, Mottaghi, Roozbeh, Bisk, Yonatan, and Paxton, Chris
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: In order to develop robots that can effectively serve as versatile and capable home assistants, it is crucial for them to reliably perceive and interact with a wide variety of objects across diverse environments. To this end, we proposed Open Vocabulary Mobile Manipulation as a key benchmark task for robotics: finding any object in a novel environment and placing it on any receptacle surface within that environment. We organized a NeurIPS 2023 competition featuring both simulation and real-world components to evaluate solutions to this task. Our baselines on the most challenging version of this task, using real perception in simulation, achieved only an 0.8% success rate; by the end of the competition, the best participants achieved an 10.8\% success rate, a 13x improvement. We observed that the most successful teams employed a variety of methods, yet two common threads emerged among the best solutions: enhancing error detection and recovery, and improving the integration of perception with decision-making processes. In this paper, we detail the results and methodologies used, both in simulation and real-world settings. We discuss the lessons learned and their implications for future research. Additionally, we compare performance in real and simulated environments, emphasizing the necessity for robust generalization to novel settings.
Published: 2024

26. Using Photoplethysmography to Detect Real-time Blood Pressure Changes with a Calibration-free Deep Learning Model

Author: Hong, Jingyuan, Nandi, Manasi, Jin, Weiwei, and Alastruey, Jordi
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract: Blood pressure (BP) changes are linked to individual health status in both clinical and non-clinical settings. This study developed a deep learning model to classify systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean (MBP) BP changes using photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms. Data from the Vital Signs Database (VitalDB) comprising 1,005 ICU patients with synchronized PPG and BP recordings was used. BP changes were categorized into three labels: Spike (increase above a threshold), Stable (change within a plus or minus threshold), and Dip (decrease below a threshold). Four time-series classification models were studied: multi-layer perceptron, convolutional neural network, residual network, and Encoder. A subset of 500 patients was randomly selected for training and validation, ensuring a uniform distribution across BP change labels. Two test datasets were compiled: Test-I (n=500) with a uniform distribution selection process, and Test-II (n=5) without. The study also explored the impact of including second-deviation PPG (sdPPG) waveforms as additional input information. The Encoder model with a Softmax weighting process using both PPG and sdPPG waveforms achieved the highest detection accuracy--exceeding 71.3% and 85.4% in Test-I and Test-II, respectively, with thresholds of 30 mmHg for SBP, 15 mmHg for DBP, and 20 mmHg for MBP. Corresponding F1-scores were over 71.8% and 88.5%. These findings confirm that PPG waveforms are effective for real-time monitoring of BP changes in ICU settings and suggest potential for broader applications., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables, 1 supplementary material
Published: 2024

27. Simple Augmentations of Logical Rules for Neuro-Symbolic Knowledge Graph Completion

Author: Nandi, Ananjan, Kaur, Navdeep, Singla, Parag, and Mausam
Subjects: Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract: High-quality and high-coverage rule sets are imperative to the success of Neuro-Symbolic Knowledge Graph Completion (NS-KGC) models, because they form the basis of all symbolic inferences. Recent literature builds neural models for generating rule sets, however, preliminary experiments show that they struggle with maintaining high coverage. In this work, we suggest three simple augmentations to existing rule sets: (1) transforming rules to their abductive forms, (2) generating equivalent rules that use inverse forms of constituent relations and (3) random walks that propose new rules. Finally, we prune potentially low quality rules. Experiments over four datasets and five ruleset-baseline settings suggest that these simple augmentations consistently improve results, and obtain up to 7.1 pt MRR and 8.5 pt Hits@1 gains over using rules without augmentations., Comment: 12 pages, 15 tables Published in ACL 2023
Published: 2024
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28. The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation

Author: Nandi, Tulika, Kop, Benjamin R., Pauly, Kim Butts, Stagg, Charlotte J., and Verhagen, Lennart
Subjects: Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract: Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly gaining traction for non-invasive human neuromodulation, with a pressing need to establish protocols that maximise neuromodulatory efficacy. In this review, we aggregate and examine empirical evidence for the relationship between tunable TUS parameters and in vitro and in vivo outcomes. Based on this multiscale approach, TUS researchers can make better informed decisions about optimal parameter settings. Importantly, we also discuss the challenges involved in extrapolating results from prior empirical work to future interventions, including the translation of protocols between models and the complex interaction between TUS protocols and the brain. A synthesis of the empirical evidence suggests that larger effects will be observed at lower frequencies within the sub-MHz range, higher intensities and pressures than commonly administered thus far, and longer pulses and pulse train durations. Nevertheless, we emphasise the need for cautious interpretation of empirical data from different experimental paradigms when basing protocols on prior work as we advance towards refined TUS parameters for human neuromodulation., Comment: 28 pages, 2 figures; author list updated
Published: 2024

29. Enhancing inflationary model predictions via refined slow-roll dynamics

Author: Nandi, Debottam, Yadav, Simran, and Kaur, Manjeet
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: The inflationary paradigm not only addresses early Universe puzzles but also aligns well with the observational constraints, with slow-roll inflationary models fitting best. Evaluating these model predictions requires considering both slow-roll inflationary dynamics and the subsequent reheating epoch. This involves the quantitative analysis that takes into account the effective equation of state (EoS) and duration of reheating, connecting these with the perturbations generated deep during the inflationary era. Given the complexities involved, many approximations are often used for simplification. However, as future observations are expected to improve the accuracy of these observables significantly, this work takes a different approach. Instead of relying on approximations, we consider the near-accurate solutions of inflationary models and compare our results with the pre-existing ones. It mainly incorporates two improvements: the first is the accurate dynamics of the slow-roll evolution, and, thus, the end of inflation; and the second is the higher-order slow-roll corrections to the perturbed observables. Our findings indicate that, by implementing these corrections, the theoretical predictions improve significantly. It also indicates that seemingly minor corrections can have significant effects on the perturbed observables, and these refined predictions can be compared with future observations to potentially rule out models and help resolve the degeneracy problem of the inflationary paradigm., Comment: 28 pages, 3 tables, and 8 figures, References updated
Published: 2024

30. Women of Colour and Black Women Leaders are Underrepresented in Architectural Firms Featured in Key Trade Publications

Author: Nandi Prince
Subjects: Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract: A Review of: Mathews, E. (2021). Representational belonging in collections: A comparative study of leading trade publications in architecture. Library Resources & Technical Services, 65(3). https://journals.ala.org/index.php/lrts/article/view/7486 Abstract Objective – To measure how well women are reflected, specifically women of colour, in architectural trade publications. Design – Quantitative diversity audit. Setting – Architecture field. Subjects – Architectural firms whose work appeared in four trade publications (Architectural Record, Architectural Review, l’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui, and Detail) in 2019. Methods – A diversity audit was selected to analyze the representation of various subsets of women within the architecture core collections. The Avery index was used to identify architectural firms featured in four trade publications. The quantitative study collected demographic data from 354 firms, featuring 726 women. Within these firms, the author sought to identify women leaders and how many of those were women of colour. The author then used four guiding questions to analyze the journals: (1) individual journals’ coverage; (2) size of the firm; (3) type of firm, and (4) firms which issued a statement in support of the Black Lives Matter Movement and the likelihood of a woman of colour being in a leadership role. Main Results – The key results for the studies guiding questions were: (1) the overall average of women leaders in the firms covered in the journals was 24% and for women of colour 6%. Architectural Record featured the highest proportion of firms with women in leadership roles (28%) and those with women of colour as leaders (9%); (2) women leadership was higher in smaller firms (large 24%; medium 20%; small 31%) as was women of colour in leadership (large 3%; medium 6%; small 9%); (3) insufficient data was found for meaningful analysis of the representation of women according to specialization within the architectural field; and (4) the firms that issued clear BLM statements were highest in the US (15%) overall. Architectural Record, a US publication, featured the highest percentage of firms that made clear BLM statements (27%). Conclusion – The study concluded that there was an underrepresentation of women, women of colour, and Black women in architectural trade publications. The author’s position is that collection development practices should adequately reflect the library users they serve with acquisition actions that increase a more equitable representation. The author stated that the practical implications for this study fall under the rubric of remediation in the following areas: (1) balance inequities in architectural programs by increasing enrollment of women; (2) identify collections which lack inclusivity, balance them with curated electronic resources; and (3) collection policies should reflect readership and encourage a sense of professional belonging. In future studies, the author acknowledges that a qualitative study based on responses from architects would complement the current study.
Published: 2022
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31. Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program

Author: Verma, Anurag, Huffman, Jennifer E, Rodriguez, Alex, Conery, Mitchell, Liu, Molei, Ho, Yuk-Lam, Kim, Youngdae, Heise, David A, Guare, Lindsay, Panickan, Vidul Ayakulangara, Garcon, Helene, Linares, Franciel, Costa, Lauren, Goethert, Ian, Tipton, Ryan, Honerlaw, Jacqueline, Davies, Laura, Whitbourne, Stacey, Cohen, Jeremy, Posner, Daniel C, Sangar, Rahul, Murray, Michael, Wang, Xuan, Dochtermann, Daniel R, Devineni, Poornima, Shi, Yunling, Nandi, Tarak Nath, Assimes, Themistocles L, Brunette, Charles A, Carroll, Robert J, Clifford, Royce, Duvall, Scott, Gelernter, Joel, Hung, Adriana, Iyengar, Sudha K, Joseph, Jacob, Kember, Rachel, Kranzler, Henry, Kripke, Colleen M, Levey, Daniel, Luoh, Shiuh-Wen, Merritt, Victoria C, Overstreet, Cassie, Deak, Joseph D, Grant, Struan FA, Polimanti, Renato, Roussos, Panos, Shakt, Gabrielle, Sun, Yan V, Tsao, Noah, Venkatesh, Sanan, Voloudakis, Georgios, Justice, Amy, Begoli, Edmon, Ramoni, Rachel, Tourassi, Georgia, Pyarajan, Saiju, Tsao, Philip, O'Donnell, Christopher J, Muralidhar, Sumitra, Moser, Jennifer, Casas, Juan P, Bick, Alexander G, Zhou, Wei, Cai, Tianxi, Voight, Benjamin F, Cho, Kelly, Gaziano, J Michael, Madduri, Ravi K, Damrauer, Scott, and Liao, Katherine P
Subjects: Epidemiology, Biological Sciences, Health Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Humans, Male, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Longitudinal Studies, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, United States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans, Female, General Science & Technology
Abstract: One of the justifiable criticisms of human genetic studies is the underrepresentation of participants from diverse populations. Lack of inclusion must be addressed at-scale to identify causal disease factors and understand the genetic causes of health disparities. We present genome-wide associations for 2068 traits from 635,969 participants in the Department of Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program, a longitudinal study of diverse United States Veterans. Systematic analysis revealed 13,672 genomic risk loci; 1608 were only significant after including non-European populations. Fine-mapping identified causal variants at 6318 signals across 613 traits. One-third (n = 2069) were identified in participants from non-European populations. This reveals a broadly similar genetic architecture across populations, highlights genetic insights gained from underrepresented groups, and presents an extensive atlas of genetic associations.
Published: 2024

32. Roleplay-doh: Enabling Domain-Experts to Create LLM-simulated Patients via Eliciting and Adhering to Principles

Author: Louie, Ryan, Nandi, Ananjan, Fang, William, Chang, Cheng, Brunskill, Emma, and Yang, Diyi
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract: Recent works leverage LLMs to roleplay realistic social scenarios, aiding novices in practicing their social skills. However, simulating sensitive interactions, such as in mental health, is challenging. Privacy concerns restrict data access, and collecting expert feedback, although vital, is laborious. To address this, we develop Roleplay-doh, a novel human-LLM collaboration pipeline that elicits qualitative feedback from a domain-expert, which is transformed into a set of principles, or natural language rules, that govern an LLM-prompted roleplay. We apply this pipeline to enable senior mental health supporters to create customized AI patients for simulated practice partners for novice counselors. After uncovering issues in GPT-4 simulations not adhering to expert-defined principles, we also introduce a novel principle-adherence prompting pipeline which shows 30% improvements in response quality and principle following for the downstream task. Via a user study with 25 counseling experts, we demonstrate that the pipeline makes it easy and effective to create AI patients that more faithfully resemble real patients, as judged by creators and third-party counselors. See our project website at https://roleplay-doh.github.io/ for code and data., Comment: 34 pages, 24 figures, 11 Tables
Published: 2024

33. Biophysical effects and neuromodulatory dose of transcranial ultrasonic stimulation

Author: Nandi, Tulika, Kop, Benjamin R., Naftchi-Ardebili, Kasra, Stagg, Charlotte J., Pauly, Kim Butts, and Verhagen, Lennart
Subjects: Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract: Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) has the potential to usher in a new era for human neuroscience by allowing spatially precise and high-resolution non-invasive targeting of both deep and superficial brain regions. Currently, fundamental research on the mechanisms of interaction between ultrasound and neural tissues is progressing in parallel with application-focused research. However, a major hurdle in the wider use of TUS is the selection of optimal parameters to enable safe and effective neuromodulation in humans. In this paper, we will discuss the major factors that determine both the safety and efficacy of TUS. We will discuss the thermal and mechanical biophysical effects of ultrasound, which underlie its biological effects, in the context of their relationships with tunable parameters. Based on this knowledge of biophysical effects, and drawing on concepts from radiotherapy, we propose a framework for conceptualising TUS dose., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, reference added: arXiv:2407.01232, author list edited. Last two authors listed are joint last authors
Published: 2024

34. UVIT Survey of AGN host Galaxies -- I: Star Formation Scenarios

Author: Nandi, Payel, Stalin, C. S., Dam, Poulomi, and Saikia, D. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Circumnuclear star formation (SF) is generally seen in galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei (AGN); however, the connection between the AGN activity and SF in them is less well understood. To explore this connection on scales of a few tens of parsec to a few tens of kiloparsec and larger, we carried out an investigation of SF in seven Seyfert type AGN and one LINER galaxy, using observations with the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board {\it AstroSat} in the near ultra-Violet (NUV; 2000-3000 \AA) and far ultra-Violet (FUV; 2000-3000 \AA) bands. A total of 1742 star-forming regions were identified, having size scales of 0.010 to 63.642 kpc$^2$. Considering all the galaxies, we found a positive correlation between their total surface density of SF ($\Sigma_{SFR}$) and extinction. For five galaxies, namely NGC 1365, NGC 4051, NGC 4321, NGC 5033 and NGC 6814, we found a gradual decrease of both extinction and $\Sigma_{SFR}$ from the centre to the outer regions. Four sources are found to lie in the main sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies, and the other four are away from MS. We found the ratio of the star formation rate (SFR) in the nuclear region to the total SFR to be positively correlated with the Eddington ratio. This points to the influence of AGN on enhancing the SF characteristics of the hosts. However, the impact is dominant only in the central nuclear region with no significant effect on the larger scales probed in this work., Comment: Accepted for the publication of The Astrophysical Journal; Comments are welcome
Published: 2024

35. Inferring Neutron Star Properties via r-mode Gravitational Wave Signals

Author: Annamalai, Dhanvarsh and Nandi, Rana
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present two frameworks to infer some of the properties of neutron stars from their electromagnetic radiation and the emission of continuous gravitational waves due to r-mode oscillations. In the first framework, assuming a distance measurement via electromagnetic observations, we infer three neutron star properties: the moment of inertia, a parameter related to the r-mode saturation amplitude, and the component of magnetic dipole moment perpendicular to the rotation axis. Unlike signals from mountains, r-mode oscillations provide additional information through a parameter (\kappa) that satisfies a universal relation with the star's compactness. In the second framework, we utilize this and the relation between the moment of inertia and compactness, in addition to assuming an equation of state and utilizing pulsar frequency measurements, to directly measure the neutron star's distance along with the aforementioned parameters. We employ a Fisher information matrix-based approach for quantitative error estimation in both frameworks. We find that the error in the distance measurement dominates the errors in the first framework for any reasonable observation time. In contrast, due to the low errors in pulsar frequency measurements, parameters can be inferred accurately via the second framework but work only in a restricted parameter space. We finally address potential ways to overcome critical drawbacks of our analyses and discuss directions for future work., Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2024

36. MURCA driven Bulk viscosity in neutrino trapped baryonic matter

Author: Sarkar, Sreemoyee and Nandi, Rana
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We examine bulk viscosity, taking into account trapped neutrinos in baryonic matter, in the context of binary neutron star mergers. Following the merging event, the binary star can yield a remnant compact object with densities up to $5$ nuclear saturation density and temperature upto $50$ MeV resulting in the retention of neutrinos. We employ two relativistic mean field models, NL3 and DDME2, to describe the neutrino-trapped baryonic matter. The dissipation coefficient is determined by evaluating the Modified URCA interaction rate in the dense baryonic medium, and accounting for perturbations caused by density oscillations. We observe the resonant behavior of bulk viscosity as it varies with the temperature of the medium. The bulk viscosity peak remains within the temperature range of $\sim 13-50$ MeV, depending upon the underlying equation of states and lepton fractions. This temperature range corresponds to the relevant domain of binary neutron star mergers. We also note that in presence of neutrinos in the medium the bulk viscosity peak shifts towards higher temperature and the peak value of bulk viscosity also changes. The time scale of viscous dissipation is dictated by the beta-off-equilibrium susceptibilities derived from the nuclear equation of state. The resulting viscous decay time scale ranges from $32-100$ milliseconds, which aligns with the order of magnitude of the post-merger object's survival time in some specific scenarios., Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2024

37. Free-ranging dogs quickly learn to recognize a rewarding person

Author: Nandi, Srijaya, Chakraborty, Mousumi, Lahiri, Aesha, Gope, Hindolii, Bhaduri, Sujata Khan, and Bhadra, Anindita
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Other Quantitative Biology
Abstract: Individual human recognition is important for species that live in close proximity to humans. Numerous studies on domesticated species and urban-adapted birds have highlighted this ability. One such species which is heavily reliant on humans is the free-ranging dog. Very little knowledge exists on the amount of time taken by free-ranging dogs to learn and remember individual humans. Due to their territorial nature, they have a high probability of encountering the same people multiple times on the streets. Being able to distinguish individual humans might be helpful in making decisions regarding people from whom to beg for food or social reward. We investigated if free-ranging dogs are capable of identifying the person rewarding them and the amount of time required for them to learn it. We conducted field trials on randomly selected adult free-ranging dogs in West Bengal, India. On Day 1, a choice test was conducted. The experimenter chosen did not provide reward while the other experimenter provided a piece of boiled chicken followed by petting. The person giving reward on Day 1 served as the correct choice on four subsequent days of training. Day 6 was the test day when none of the experimenters had a reward. We analyzed the choice made by the dogs, the time taken to approach during the choice tests, and the socialization index, which was calculated based on the intensity of affiliative behaviour shown towards the experimenters. The dogs made correct choices at a significantly higher rate on the fifth and sixth days, as compared to Day 2, suggesting learning. This is the first study aiming to understand the time taken for individual human recognition in free-ranging dogs and can serve as the scaffold for future studies to understand the dog-human relationship in open environments, like urban ecosystems.
Published: 2024

38. RealitySummary: Exploring On-Demand Mixed Reality Text Summarization and Question Answering using Large Language Models

Author: Gunturu, Aditya, Jadon, Shivesh, Zhang, Nandi, Faraji, Morteza, Thundathil, Jarin, Ahmad, Tafreed, Willett, Wesley, and Suzuki, Ryo
Subjects: Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining popularity as tools for reading and summarization aids. However, little is known about their potential benefits when integrated with mixed reality (MR) interfaces to support everyday reading assistants. We developed RealitySummary, an MR reading assistant that seamlessly integrates LLMs with always-on camera access, OCR-based text extraction, and augmented spatial and visual responses in MR interfaces. Developed iteratively, RealitySummary evolved across three versions, each shaped by user feedback and reflective analysis: 1) a preliminary user study to understand user perceptions (N=12), 2) an in-the-wild deployment to explore real-world usage (N=11), and 3) a diary study to capture insights from real-world work contexts (N=5). Our findings highlight the unique advantages of combining AI and MR, including an always-on implicit assistant, minimal context switching, and spatial affordances, demonstrating significant potential for future LLM-MR interfaces beyond traditional screen-based interactions.
Published: 2024

39. Augmented Physics: Creating Interactive and Embedded Physics Simulations from Static Textbook Diagrams

Author: Gunturu, Aditya, Wen, Yi, Zhang, Nandi, Thundathil, Jarin, Kazi, Rubaiat Habib, and Suzuki, Ryo
Subjects: Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: We introduce Augmented Physics, a machine learning-integrated authoring tool designed for creating embedded interactive physics simulations from static textbook diagrams. Leveraging recent advancements in computer vision, such as Segment Anything and Multi-modal LLMs, our web-based system enables users to semi-automatically extract diagrams from physics textbooks and generate interactive simulations based on the extracted content. These interactive diagrams are seamlessly integrated into scanned textbook pages, facilitating interactive and personalized learning experiences across various physics concepts, such as optics, circuits, and kinematics. Drawing from an elicitation study with seven physics instructors, we explore four key augmentation strategies: 1) augmented experiments, 2) animated diagrams, 3) bi-directional binding, and 4) parameter visualization. We evaluate our system through technical evaluation, a usability study (N=12), and expert interviews (N=12). Study findings suggest that our system can facilitate more engaging and personalized learning experiences in physics education., Comment: UIST 2024
Published: 2024
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40. Dissociation and isomerization following ionization of ethylene: insights from non-adiabatic dynamics simulations

Author: Fransén, Lina, Tran, Thierry, Nandi, Saikat, and Vacher, Morgane
Subjects: Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract: Photoionized and electronically excited ethylene \ce{C2H4+} can undergo \ce{H}-loss, \ce{H2}-loss, and ethylene-ethylidene isomerization, where the latter entails a hydrogen migration. Recent pioneering experiments with few-femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses and complementary theoretical studies have shed light on the photodynamics of this prototypical organic cation. However, no theoretical investigation based on dynamics simulations reported to date has described the mechanisms and time scales of dissociation and isomerization. Herein, we simulate the coupled electron-nuclear dynamics of ethylene following vertical ionization and electronic excitation to its four lowest-lying cationic states. The electronic structure is treated at the CASSCF level, with an active space large enough to describe bond breaking and formation. The simulations indicate that dissociation and isomerization take place mainly on the cationic ground state and allow the probing of previous hypotheses concerning the correlation between the photochemical outcome and the traversed conical intersections. The results, moreover, support the long-standing view that \ce{H2}-loss may occur from the ethylidene form. However, the ethylene-ethylidene isomerization time predicted by the simulations is considerably longer than those previously inferred from indirect experimental measurements.
Published: 2024
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41. Monte-Carlo Study Of Higher-Order Cumulants of Net-Particle Distributions in $p+p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

Author: M, Abdussamad, Verma, Rahul, Behera, Nirbhay Kumar, Dash, Sadhana, and Nandi, Basanta Kumar
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Measurement of higher order cumulants of the distributions of conserved quantities, like net-charge, net-baryon and net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions, is proposed as a sensitive tool to determine the freeze-out parameters and the nature of phase transitions at the LHC energies. Baseline measurements for heavy-ion collisions are essential to understand the experimental measurements. Recently, several experimental observations have shown some QGP-like scenarios in small systems (pp collisions). We report the first Monte-Carlo study of the measurements of cumulants and their ratios for net-charge, net-hadron, net-kaon, net-baryon, and net-proton distributions in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV using pQCD models like Pythia8 and Herwig. We also discuss the effect of different particle production mechanisms on the higher-order cumulants. This simulation study will serve as a baseline for future measurements at the LHC. Furthermore, it will shed more light on the measurement of cumulants and the connection between small systems and heavy-ion collisions at the LHC., Comment: 18 Pages, 12 figures
Published: 2024

42. AT2020ohl: its nature and probable implications

Author: Roy, Rupak, Mandal, Samir, Sahu, D. K., Anupama, G. C., Nandi, Sumana, and Kumar, Brijesh
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: ASASSN-20hx, a.k.a AT2020ohl, is an ambiguous nuclear transient (ANT), which was discovered in the nearby galaxy NGC6297 by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN). We have investigated the evolution of AT2020ohl using a multi-wavelength dataset to explain the geometry of the system and the energy radiated by it between X-ray and radio wavelengths. Our X-ray, UV/optical, and radio observations of the object jointly clarify the association of AT2020ohl with the nuclear activity of NGC6297. We detected radio counterpart of AT2020ohl 111 days and 313 days after the discovery in Jansky Very Large Array X-band with flux densities 47$\pm$14 $\mu$Jy and 34$\pm$3 $\mu$Jy, respectively. Using multi-wavelength data analysis, we nullify the possibility of associating any stellar disruption process with this event. We found some evidence showing that the host galaxy is a merger remnant, so the possibility of a binary SMBH system can not be ruled out. The central SMBH has a mass of $\sim1.2\times10^7$ M$_\odot$. We propose the accretion disk activity as the origin of AT2020ohl $-$ it is either due to disk accretion event onto the central SMBH or due to the sudden accretion activity in a preexisting accretion disk of the system during the interaction of two SMBHs which became gravitationally bound during a merger process. However, we also admit that with the existing dataset, it is impossible to say definitively, among these two probabilities, which one is the origin of this nuclear transient., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures. Published in MNRAS ( see https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae395 )
Published: 2024
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43. Continuous Monitoring for Road Flooding With Satellite Onboard Computing For Navigation for OrbitalAI {\Phi}sat-2 challenge

Author: Vatsal, Vishesh, Nandi, Gouranga, and Manilal, Primo
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract: Continuous monitoring for road flooding could be achieved through onboard computing of satellite imagery to generate near real-time insights made available to generate dynamic information for maps used for navigation. Given the existing computing hardware like the one considered for the PhiSat-2 mission, the paper describes the feasibility of running the road flooding detection. The simulated onboard imagery dataset development and its annotation process for the OrbitalAI {\Phi}sat-2 challenge is described. The flooding events in the city of Bengaluru, India were considered for this challenge. This is followed by the model architecture selection, training, optimization and accuracy results for the model. The results indicate that it is possible to build low size, high accuracy models for the road flooding use case.
Published: 2024

44. Discovery of evolving low-frequency QPOs in hard X-rays ($\sim 100$ keV) observed in black hole Swift J1727.8-1613 with $AstroSat$

Author: Nandi, Anuj, Das, Santabrata, Majumder, Seshadri, Katoch, Tilak, Antia, H. M., and Shah, Parag
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report the first detection of evolving Low-Frequency Quasi-periodic Oscillation (LFQPO) frequencies in hard X-rays upto $100$ keV with $AstroSat/LAXPC$ during `unusual' outburst phase of Swift J1727.8-1613 in hard-intermediate state (HIMS). The observed LFQPO in $20 - 100$ keV has a centroid $\nu_{_{\rm QPO}}=1.43$ Hz, a coherence factor $Q= 7.14$ and an amplitude ${\rm rms_{_{\rm QPO}}} = 10.95\%$ with significance $\sigma = 5.46$. Type-C QPOs ($1.09-2.6$ Hz) are found to evolve monotonically during HIMS of the outburst with clear detection in hard X-rays ($80 - 100$ keV), where ${\rm rms_{_{\rm QPO}}}$ decreases ($\sim 12-3\%$) with energy. Further, $\nu_{_{\rm QPO}}$ is seen to correlate (anti-correlate) with low (high) energy flux in $2-20$ keV ($15-50$ keV). Wide-band ($0.7 - 40$ keV) energy spectrum of $NICER/XTI$ and $AstroSat/LAXPC$ is satisfactorily described by the `dominant' thermal Comptonization contribution ($\sim 88\%$) in presence of a `weak' signature of disk emissions ($kT_{\rm in} \sim 0.36$ keV) indicating the harder spectral distribution. Considering source mass $M_{\rm BH}=10M_\odot$ and distance $1.5 < {\rm d~(kpc)} < 5$, the unabsorbed bolometric luminosity is estimated as $\sim 0.03-0.92\%L_{\rm Edd}$. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings in the context of accretion dynamics around black hole X-ray binaries., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2024

45. An oscilloscope based method for pulsed Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance in an ensemble of NV centers in diamond

Author: Nandi, Anuvab, Chakraborti, Samiran, Himani, Himadri, Mukherjee, Sumit, Chakraborty, Sayan, and Mitra, Chiranjib
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: In this work, we have demonstrated the acquisition of pulsed ODMR data with the help of a high speed oscilloscope. We show how the on-system data averaging and the memory of the oscilloscope can be utilized to obtain high SNR data at high speeds. The problem of experimental drift and the strategy for eliminating the same is discussed. Two distinct methods of data acquisition and processing are discussed, and their applicability to different pulsed protocols is investigated. Rabi Oscillations, Ramsey Interferometry, T1 measurement, and spin echo are demonstrated.
Published: 2024

46. Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a $2.5\text{-}4.5~M_\odot$ Compact Object and a Neutron Star

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akçay, S., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Azrad, D., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentara, I., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Char, P., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chattopadhyay, D., Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chatziioannou, K., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chugh, P., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, J., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colace, S., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Connolly, G., Conti, L., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Crook, S., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Pra, S. Dal, Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Davis, P. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Dominguez, D., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Eleveld, R. M., Emma, M., Endo, K., Engl, A. J., Enloe, E., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Felicetti, R., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferraiuolo, S., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fujimori, T., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Galdi, V., Gallagher, H., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Garaventa, B., García-Bellido, J., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., Gennari, V., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Sayantan, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., Gong, Y., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goode, S., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Govorkova, K., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, A., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., H, H. -Y., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Hardison, A. R., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, J., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, R., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Henderson-Sapir, O., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Henshaw, C., Hertog, T., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Heyns, J., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, S., Himemoto, Y., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Hoang, S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Holmes, Z. J., Holz, D. E., Honet, L., Hong, C., Hornung, J., Hoshino, S., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hrishikesh, C. A., Hsieh, H. -F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, H. C., Hsu, W. -F., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, H. Y., Huang, Y. -J., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iampieri, L., Iandolo, G. A., Ianni, M., Iess, A., Imafuku, H., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Iqbal, M. H., Irwin, J., Ishikawa, R., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwanaga, H., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, C., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Kubisz, J., Johanson, C., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnson-McDaniel, N. K., Johnston, M. C., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kaku, I., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, T., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Kawamoto, R., Kazemi, A., Kedia, A., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadela, R., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khursheed, M., Khusid, N. M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Kobayashi, K., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kruska, K., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. Kulur, Kumar, A., Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuntimaddi, N., Kuroyanagi, S., Kurth, N. J., Kuwahara, S., Kwak, K., Kwan, K., Kwok, J., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lai, S., Laity, A. H., Lakkis, M. H., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Lalremruati, P. C., Landry, M., Landry, P., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rana, A., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Lawrence, J., Lawrence, M. N., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R. -K., Lee, R., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lehner, L., Jean, M. Le, Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Lequime, M., Leroy, N., Lesovsky, M., Letendre, N., Lethuillier, M., Levin, S. E., Levin, Y., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. Y., Li, K. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Li, Z., Lihos, A., Lin, C-Y., Lin, C. -Y., Lin, E. T., Lin, F., Lin, H., Lin, L. C. -C., Lin, Y. -C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, A., Liu, G. C., Liu, Jian, Villarreal, F. Llamas, Llobera-Querol, J., Lo, R. K. L., Locquet, J. -P., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lopez, D., Portilla, M. Lopez, Lorenzini, M., Lorenzo-Medina, A., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lott IV, T. P., Lough, J. D., Loughlin, H. A., Lousto, C. O., Lowry, M. J., Lu, N., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lussier, A. W., Ma, L. -T., Ma, S., Ma'arif, M., Macas, R., Macedo, A., MacInnis, M., Maciy, R. R., Macleod, D. M., MacMillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Macri, D., Maeda, K., Maenaut, S., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magare, S. S., Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggio, E., Maggiore, R., Magnozzi, M., Mahesh, M., Mahesh, S., Maini, M., Majhi, S., Majorana, E., Makarem, C. N., Makelele, E., Malaquias-Reis, J. A., Mali, U., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mannix, B., Mansell, G. L., Mansingh, G., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Pina, D. Marín, Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, B. B., Martinez, M., Martinez, V., Martini, A., Martinovic, K., Martins, J. C., Martynov, D. V., Marx, E. J., Massaro, L., Masserot, A., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrodicasa, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matcovich, T., Matiushechkina, M., Matsuyama, M., Mavalvala, N., Maxwell, N., McCarrol, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McEachin, S., McElhenny, C., McGhee, G. I., McGinn, J., McGowan, K. B. M., McIver, J., McLeod, A., McRae, T., Meacher, D., Meijer, Q., Melatos, A., Mellaerts, S., Menendez-Vazquez, A., Menoni, C. S., Mera, F., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Mérou, J. R., Merritt, J. D., Merzougui, M., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyer-Conde, M., Meylahn, F., Mhaske, A., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michaloliakos, I., Michel, C., Michimura, Y., Middleton, H., Miller, A. L., Miller, S., Millhouse, M., Milotti, E., Milotti, V., Minenkov, Y., Mio, N., Mir, Ll. M., Mirasola, L., Miravet-Tenés, M., Miritescu, C. -A., Mishra, A. K., Mishra, A., Mishra, C., Mishra, T., Mitchell, A. L., Mitchell, J. G., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Miyamoto, S., Miyoki, S., Mo, G., Mobilia, L., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Mohite, S. R., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondal, C., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., More, A., More, S., Moreno, G., Morgan, C., Morisaki, S., Moriwaki, Y., Morras, G., Moscatello, A., Mourier, P., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Muciaccia, F., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, Samanwaya, Mukherjee, Soma, Mukherjee, Subroto, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Mundi, J., Mungioli, C. L., Oberg, W. R. Munn, Murakami, Y., Murakoshi, M., Murray, P. G., Muusse, S., Nabari, D., Nadji, S. L., Nagar, A., Nagarajan, N., Nagler, K. N., Nakagaki, K., Nakamura, K., Nakano, H., Nakano, M., Nandi, D., Napolano, V., Narayan, P., Nardecchia, I., Narikawa, T., Narola, H., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neilson, J., Nelson, A., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Ng, S., Quynh, L. Nguyen, Nichols, S. A., Nielsen, A. B., Nieradka, G., Niko, A., Nishino, Y., Nishizawa, A., Nissanke, S., Nitoglia, E., Niu, W., Nocera, F., Norman, M., North, C., Novak, J., Siles, J. F. Nuño, Nuttall, L. 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S., Paul, K., Paul, S., Payne, E., Pearce, T., Pedraza, M., Pegna, R., Pele, A., Arellano, F. E. Peña, Penn, S., Penuliar, M. D., Perego, A., Pereira, Z., Perez, J. J., Périgois, C., Perna, G., Perreca, A., Perret, J., Perriès, S., Perry, J. W., Pesios, D., Petracca, S., Petrillo, C., Pfeiffer, H. P., Pham, H., Pham, K. A., Phukon, K. S., Phurailatpam, H., Piarulli, M., Piccari, L., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piendibene, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierini, L., Pierra, G., Pierro, V., Pietrzak, M., Pillas, M., Pilo, F., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pinto, M., Piotrzkowski, B. J., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M. D., Placidi, A., Placidi, E., Planas, M. L., Plastino, W., Poggiani, R., Polini, E., Pompili, L., Poon, J., Porcelli, E., Porter, E. K., Posnansky, C., Poulton, R., Powell, J., Pracchia, M., Pradhan, B. K., Pradier, T., Prajapati, A. K., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Prasia, P., Pratten, G., Principe, G., Principe, M., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Prosposito, P., Puecher, A., Pullin, J., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Qin, J., Quéméner, G., Quetschke, V., Quigley, C., Quinonez, P. J., Raab, F. J., Raabith, S. S., Raaijmakers, G., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Ramirez, K. E., Vidal, F. A. Ramis, Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, D., Ranjan, S., Ransom, K., Rapagnani, P., Ratto, B., Rawat, S., Ray, A., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Payo, M. Recaman, Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Relton, P., Renzini, A. I., Rettegno, P., Revenu, B., Reyes, R., Rezaei, A. S., Ricci, F., Ricci, M., Ricciardone, A., Richardson, J. W., Richardson, M., Rijal, A., Riles, K., Riley, H. K., Rinaldi, S., Rittmeyer, J., Robertson, C., Robinet, F., Robinson, M., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Romano, A. E., Romano, R., Romero, A., Romero-Shaw, I. M., Romie, J. H., Ronchini, S., Roocke, T. J., Rosa, L., Rosauer, T. J., Rose, C. A., Rosińska, D., Ross, M. P., Rossello, M., Rowan, S., Roy, S. K., Roy, S., Rozza, D., Ruggi, P., Ruhama, N., Morales, E. Ruiz, Ruiz-Rocha, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadiq, J., Saffarieh, P., Sah, M. R., Saha, S. S., Saha, S., Sainrat, T., Menon, S. Sajith, Sakai, K., Sakellariadou, M., Sakon, S., Salafia, O. S., Salces-Carcoba, F., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Sallé, M., Salvador, S., Sanchez, A., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, J. H., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sanders, J. R., Sänger, E. M., Santoliquido, F., Saravanan, T. R., Sarin, N., Sasaoka, S., Sasli, A., Sassi, P., Sassolas, B., Satari, H., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Sato, R., Sato, Y., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawada, T., Sawant, H. L., Sayah, S., Scacco, V., Schaetzl, D., Scheel, M., Schiebelbein, A., Schiworski, M. G., Schmidt, P., Schmidt, S., Schnabel, R., Schneewind, M., Schofield, R. M. S., Schouteden, K., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwartz, E., Scialpi, M., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seetharamu, T. C., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. 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A., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, P., Stevenson, S., StPierre, M., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sueltmann, N., Suleiman, L., Sullivan, K. D., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Swinkels, B. L., Syx, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takase, T., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeshita, K., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, P., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Todd, M. 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T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wildberger, J. B., Wilk, O. S., Wilken, D., Wilkin, A. T., Willadsen, D. J., Willetts, K., Williams, D., Williams, M. J., Williams, N. S., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wils, M., Winterflood, J., Wipf, C. C., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wolfe, N. E., Wong, H. T., Wong, H. W. Y., Wong, I. C. F., Wright, J. L., Wright, M., Wu, C., Wu, D. S., Wu, H., Wuchner, E., Wysocki, D. M., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yasui, H., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuan, S., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, R., Zhu, X. -J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We report the observation of a coalescing compact binary with component masses $2.5\text{-}4.5~M_\odot$ and $1.2\text{-}2.0~M_\odot$ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal GW230529_181500 was observed during the fourth observing run of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detector network on 2023 May 29 by the LIGO Livingston Observatory. The primary component of the source has a mass less than $5~M_\odot$ at 99% credibility. We cannot definitively determine from gravitational-wave data alone whether either component of the source is a neutron star or a black hole. However, given existing estimates of the maximum neutron star mass, we find the most probable interpretation of the source to be the coalescence of a neutron star with a black hole that has a mass between the most massive neutron stars and the least massive black holes observed in the Galaxy. We provisionally estimate a merger rate density of $55^{+127}_{-47}~\text{Gpc}^{-3}\,\text{yr}^{-1}$ for compact binary coalescences with properties similar to the source of GW230529_181500; assuming that the source is a neutron star-black hole merger, GW230529_181500-like sources constitute about 60% of the total merger rate inferred for neutron star-black hole coalescences. The discovery of this system implies an increase in the expected rate of neutron star-black hole mergers with electromagnetic counterparts and provides further evidence for compact objects existing within the purported lower mass gap., Comment: 45 pages (10 pages author list, 13 pages main text, 1 page acknowledgements, 13 pages appendices, 8 pages bibliography), 17 figures, 16 tables. Update to match version published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Data products available from https://zenodo.org/records/10845779
Published: 2024
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47. Motility driven glassy dynamics in confluent epithelial monolayers

Author: Sadhukhan, Souvik, Nandi, Manoj Kumar, Pandey, Satyam, Paoluzzi, Matteo, Dasgupta, Chandan, Gov, Nir, and Nandi, Saroj Kumar
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract: As wounds heal, embryos develop, cancer spreads, or asthma progresses, the cellular monolayer undergoes glass transition between solid-like jammed and fluid-like flowing states. During some of these processes, the cells undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT): they acquire in-plane polarity and become motile. Thus, how motility drives the glassy dynamics in epithelial systems is critical for the EMT process. However, no analytical framework that is indispensable for deeper insights exists. Here, we develop such a theory inspired by a well-known glass theory. One crucial result of this work is that the confluency affects the effective persistence time-scale of active force, described by its rotational diffusivity, $D_r^{\text{eff}}$. $D_r^{\text{eff}}$ differs from the bare rotational diffusivity, $D_r$, of the motile force due to cell shape dynamics, which acts to rectify the force dynamics: $D_r^{\text{eff}}$ is equal to $D_r$ when $D_r$ is small and saturates when $D_r$ is large. We test the theoretical prediction of $D_r^{\text{eff}}$ and how it affects the relaxation dynamics in our simulations of active Vertex model. This novel effect of $D_r^{\text{eff}}$ is crucial to understanding the new and previously published simulation data of active glassy dynamics in epithelial monolayers., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures. It is published in Soft Matter
Published: 2024
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48. Universal and Language-Specific Connected Speech Characteristics of Bilingual Speakers with Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Case Studies of Structurally Distinct Languages

Author: Manaswita Dutta, Tina M. D. Mello, Yesi Cheng, Niladri Sekhar Dash, Ranita Nandi, Aparna Dutt, and Arpita Bose
Abstract: Purpose: Connected speech analysis has been effectively utilized for the diagnosis and disease monitoring of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Existing research has been conducted mostly in monolingual English speakers with a noticeable lack of evidence from bilinguals and non-English speakers, particularly in non-European languages. Using a case study approach, we characterized connected speech profiles of two Bengali--English bilingual speakers with AD to determine the universal features of language impairments in both languages, identify language-specific differences between the languages, and explore language impairment characteristics of the participants with AD in relation to their bilingual language experience. Method: Participants included two Bengali--English bilingual speakers with AD and a group of age-, gender-, education-, and language-matched neurologically healthy controls. Connected speech samples were collected in first language (L1; Bengali) and second language (L2; English) using a novel storytelling task (i.e., Frog, Where Are You?). These samples were analyzed using an augmented quantitative production analysis and correct information unit analyses for productivity, fluency, syntactic and morphosyntactic features, and lexical and semantic characteristics. Results: Irrespective of the language, AD impacted speech productivity (speech rate and fluency) and semantic characteristics in both languages. Unique language-specific differences were noted on syntactic measures (reduced sentence length in Bengali), lexical distribution (fewer pronouns and absence of reduplication in Bengali), and inflectional properties (no difficulties with noun or verb inflections in Bengali). Among the two participants with AD, the individual who showed lower proficiency and usage in L2 (English) demonstrated reduced syntactic complexity and morphosyntactic richness in English. Conclusions: Evidence from these case studies suggests that language impairment features in AD are not universal across languages, particularly in comparison to impairments typically associated with language breakdowns in English. This study underscores the importance of establishing connected speech profiles in AD for non--English-speaking populations, especially for structurally different languages. This would in turn lead to the development of language-specific markers that can facilitate early detection of language deterioration and aid in improving diagnosis of AD in individuals belonging to underserved linguistically diverse populations.
Published: 2024
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49. PEMAHAMAN HADIS RU’YATAL-HILAL MENURUT ULAMA SYATARIAH ULAKAN PADANG PARIAMAN

Author: Nandi Pinto
Subjects: hadith, ru’yat, understanding, syatarialism, Islam, BP1-253
Abstract: The Problem of hisab and ru’yat on its development are not regardless of development Islamic thingking history who much be embellishment of ideology, mazhab or firqah, who present differentiation on opinion who related Islamic law framework especially in Indonesia. The result of understanding different about argumentation normative hisab-ru’yat were think out a differntiation and understanding on the Islamic member of a religious community. This thesis is field research, who has special understanding on construe of Hadis ru’yat al-hilal of Tarekat Syatariah. Interpretation this Hadith of Tarekat Syatariah have different understanding to understand the context of Hadis. Now focus of this research is to know understanding and implementation of Hadith ru’yat al-hilal according to Syatariah scholar Ulakan Padang Pariaman. The result of this research are, First, understanding of hadis ru’yat al-hilal according to Syatariah scolar Ulakan Padang Pariaman is both collaboration of that hadis, because of the first hadis be explanation of the second hadis that are when the moon can’t be seen with the naked eyes because closed of fog or cloud, than word of presuppositioning (faqdurulah) on the first hadis be exclamation of passages of Koran by supplying additional information by Syatariah scholar be completed Sya’ban moon to be 30 days. Second, understanding implementation of Hadis ru’yat al-hilal is with together see new moon (al-hilal) at place who be certained of scolar (Tuangku) from the last time , they are Ulakan beach Padang Pariaman and Koto Tuo Agam. They are see new moon naked eye, although use the modern tools to see it the last judgmen according to them how to see it with naked eye, if it can’t be seen so, the new moon was not visible, although with modern tools to see it, and that not have influenced on determination al-hilal was seem or not. Their jedgment is still on argument if the new moon can’t see with naked eyes, so, al-hilal be evidented not visible and Sya’ban moon be completed to 30 days.
Published: 2019
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50. There and Back Again: A Netlist's Tale with Much Egraphin'

Author: Smith, Gus Henry, Sisco, Zachary D., Techaumnuaiwit, Thanawat, Xia, Jingtao, Canumalla, Vishal, Cheung, Andrew, Tatlock, Zachary, Nandi, Chandrakana, and Balkind, Jonathan
Subjects: Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Computer Science - Programming Languages
Abstract: EDA toolchains are notoriously unpredictable, incomplete, and error-prone; the generally-accepted remedy has been to re-imagine EDA tasks as compilation problems. However, any compiler framework we apply must be prepared to handle the wide range of EDA tasks, including not only compilation tasks like technology mapping and optimization (the "there"} in our title), but also decompilation tasks like loop rerolling (the "back again"). In this paper, we advocate for equality saturation -- a term rewriting framework -- as the framework of choice when building hardware toolchains. Through a series of case studies, we show how the needs of EDA tasks line up conspicuously well with the features equality saturation provides.
Published: 2024

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