Search

Bluetooth has basically complete requirement for short collection wireless transportations consuming unrestricted manufacturing, technical, medicinal (ISM) 2.4GHz wireless group. Bluetooth works on seventy-nine frequencies in 2.4GHz group by 1MHz transporter arrangement. Individually scheme completes occurrence skipping with 1600 hops/s in Pseudo Random method. Bluetooth relates Frequency Hopping Systems (FHSS) used for intervention modification Frequency Hopping Code Division Multiple Access (FH-CDMA for departure of systems). Additional feature is described in this paper around Bluetooth's radio layer. An actual significant term in setting of Bluetooth has Piconet. A Piconet has gathering of Bluetooth strategies which were corresponding to similar skipping arrangement. Bluetooth connections are implemented by different techniques. These techniques are using to wireless networks.

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) constitute a current field of interest in which the major concerns are related to mobility, spatial distribution, connectivity and dynamic creation of networks between autonomous nodes for cooperative detection and data transfer in diverse areas (e.g., healthcare, environmental or industrial monitoring). To this end, the present work describes the theoretical and practical development of a communication protocol for WSNs based on Bluetooth. The interaction between mobile nodes is performed with a multi-hop scheme in response to traffic needs without requiring a scatternet formation procedure. The interest of this algorithm—based on the concept of routing vector—is that it was designed to withstand changes in the node distribution for high-mobility scenarios, thus allowing the implementation of a robust data routing in low-resource microcontrolled devices with no operability loss. As the main contribution, we present the hardware and software implementation of the communication protocol in real devices along several case studies. With this aim, a long-term experimentation in a dense scenario has been carried out through an intelligent agent-based approach to formally validate the protocol considering three different performance metrics: packet delivery ratio, feedback overhead and round-trip time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mobile applications have become one of the important applications in human life, and it was widely used during the last ten years. Mobile devices can be used to do various tasks, such as browsing the internet, sending or receiving emails, and performing other tasks. Bluetooth technology is considered as one of the important specifications that were added to mobile phones during the current century where the user can use it for data and image transmission and others. One of the important applications of Bluetooth, which appeared in the last years, is the conversation via Bluetooth where users can hold short conversations using this technique. One of the most important benefits of Bluetooth technology is that it's free to send and receive messages. While the disadvantages of this application is that it is short-term, since users must be within the scope of the Bluetooth service which is (7 - 9 meters) to be able to send messages and use it. In this paper, we will design and implement a private conversation via Bluetooth software which has the ability to work within biggest scopeby taking advantage of the properties of the (Scatternet). Each user of the application can be a crossroads for the other users. In other words, if there is, for example, users (a) and (b) 7 meters away from each other, and a third user (c) appeared within 12 meters of the first user (a). In this case, the third user (c) can be connected to the first user through the user (b). In other words, the second user (b) would be an intermediary between the first user (a) and the third user (c). So, we have been solved the distance limit problem for using the Bluetooth application. In addition, the users are now able to chat as a group (not just peer-to-peer) in a private room with a wide range using the piconet and scatternet characteristics. Netbeans 5.5, Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME), Bluetooth API (JSR-82), Nokia Pc Suites are the tools and technologies that have been used through building this application.

Bluetooth has basically complete requirement for short collection wireless transportations consuming unrestricted manufacturing, technical, medicinal (ISM) 2.4GHz wireless group. Bluetooth works on seventy-nine frequencies in 2.4GHz group by 1MHz transporter arrangement. Individually scheme completes occurrence skipping with 1600 hops/s in Pseudo Random method. Bluetooth relates Frequency Hopping Systems (FHSS) used for intervention modification Frequency Hopping Code Division Multiple Access (FH-CDMA for departure of systems). Additional feature is described in this paper around Bluetooth's radio layer. An actual significant term in setting of Bluetooth has Piconet. A Piconet has gathering of Bluetooth strategies which were corresponding to similar skipping arrangement. Bluetooth connections are implemented by different techniques. These techniques are using to wireless networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bluetooth has been developed to be applied over the course of several versions in different environments. Especially low is moving to address the constraints, it gives a high utilization rate is faster than the Zigbee wireless LAN communication. To gather information on children's environmental copper transition to multiple versions. There is one limitation of Bluetooth requirements to effectively apply the information collected by Bluetooth. At the same time need to collect several information actions, Bluetooth can not connect to one of only seven Slave Master. In this paper, in order to take advantage of the many benefits of Bluetooth to gather the information by operating the Bluetooth operates in Beacon deliver packets of 168 bits, and the pairing between the master and slave unnecessarily generate a regular signal a large number of connections simultaneously Information We consider how to apply the effective policy that can be collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Bluetooth networks, devices are organized into small piconets and large scatternets, and each node acts as the role of master, slave or gateway. Due to dynamic topology changes, different bandwidth available and unpredictable interference of media in Bluetooth networks, the congestion of data flow will inevitably emerges on the link, and the gateway has to switch between piconets on a time division basis, so its presence in the different piconet has to be controlled by scheduling mechanism such as inter- and intra -piconet scheduling. However, the time division in gateways will limit the network capacity and introduce bottleneck points in the network, and the switch between piconets will prevent the packet from transmitting smoothly and efficiently. Most of the published work on Bluetooth scheduling has focused on the polling scheme between master and slaves. In this paper, we put our approach on the inner constraints of Bluetooth networks and present a constraint-based scheduler (CBS), to adaptively cater to the changing role of each node throughout Bluetooth ad hoc networks, thereby it will save time and definitely enhance fairness and efficiency on packet scheduling in Bluetooth environment.

SUMMARY IEEE 802.15.3 is devised for short-distance wireless connectivity within a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In WPANs, a power management (PM) mechanism is used for power saving. The PM enables devices to sleep for one or more superframes in order to conserve power. Space division multiple access (SDMA) is a new technology to optimize performance of current and future mobile communication systems. In this paper, we propose an SDMA-based PM scheme, called enhanced min-degree searching (EMDS) for WPANs. EMDS orders the streams among multiple devices to minimize the total wake-up times. In this scheme, every device that can transmit data at the same time is checked using the SDMA. The total wake-up times will be reduced substantially if the majority of the devices can transmit data at the same time. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed EMDS outperforms that of the existing approaches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of Bluetooth Devices has increased to billions. However, the Bluetooth Technology continues to have inherent vulnerabilities and is subject to security attacks. In this column ''Pushing Frontiers with the First Lady of Emerging Technologies'', Dr. Satwant Kaur explains how her vision of how this Bluetooth Insecure World can be secured. She discusses the widespread use of this technology in all fields, the internals of Bluetooth Technology LE, its security mechanisms, its vulnerabilities and attacks, and details critical steps needed to help protect data and devices in Bluetooth transmissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past decade, there has been much standardization effort for indoor or shot-range networks, as communication devices and applications for such networks populate. As a prominent example of these activities, the IEEE 802.15.3 Task Group (TG) published a standard for high-rate wireless personal area network (HR-WPAN). To support strictly timed multimedia services, the TG adopts a time-slotted channel access protocol controlled by a central device (DEV). Although the channel time allocation algorithm plays a key role in deciding the network performance, it remains unspecified in the standard. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel feedback-assisted channel time allocation method for HR-WPAN. After initial channel times are allocated based on packet inter-arrival time statistics, the allocation is dynamically adjusted by utilizing feedback information from each DEV. The feedback information includes the buffer status, the packet transmission delay, and the physical transmission rate. By utilizing this feedback information, the central DEV can allocate sufficient channel time for transmissions of pending packets from a DEV. Moreover, the allocated channel times can be synchronized to the packet arrival times so that the overall transmission delay is reduced. To cope with time-varying wireless channels, a dynamic rate selection algorithm assisted by physical layer information is proposed in this paper. Performance evaluation is carried out through extensive simulations, from which significant performance enhancements are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Bluetooth specifications, communications between slave devices within a piconet are controlled by its master node. In other words, a master node has to be involved in all packet exchange activities in its associated piconet. Consequently, how to determine the polling sequence and how to estimate service time for individual slave nodes are two critical intrapiconet missions to a master and are usually categorized as the intrapiconet polling and scheduling problem. Obviously, a good polling sequence can reduce the average packet delay, whereas accurate service time estimation would result in better throughput performance. Furthermore, the packet delay of intrapiconet transmission is mostly caused by the inadequate behavior in which the master node polls an idle slave since other nonidle slaves belonging to the same piconet have to wait for the completion of such POLL/NULL packet transmissions. Certainly, unnecessary pollings would cause bandwidth utilization reduction as well. Therefore, the adaptability to traffic pattern is a necessary condition to a good intrapiconet polling and scheduling algorithm. In this paper, we proposed a traffic-aware algorithm to deal with the polling and scheduling issue within a piconet. The objective of our work is to maximize the throughput performance and to reduce the average intrapiconet packet delay as simultaneously as possible. As expected, the simulation results verify that our work designs an intrapiconet scheduling scheme with low delay and high throughput, which is adaptive to various traffic scenarios as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bluetooth is a new emerging technology. This technology gives significant changes for electronic devices that we are using. If we look around, a keyboard is connected to a computer. So does a printer, a mouse, a monitor and so on. This condition creates a problem of so many scattered wires installed in the offices, houses and other places. Another problem is how to inspect the damaging or boken wires. In this paper, we will have a discussion on specific applications of bluetooth such as services provided by the bluetooth technology; bluetooth method - how bluetooth devices make connections in a piconet; as well as investigation on bluetooth protocol stack. Bluetooth has succesfully built easy connection among devices from many vendor without using cables, with less power dan money. By using bluetooth, we can build small network or Piconet, consisting of several devices without cables. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Bluetooth adalah suatu teknologi baru yang mulai dikenal dan digunakan. Teknologi ini memberikan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap peralatan elektronik yang kita gunakan. Jika kita melihat sekeliling kita dimana keyboard dihubungkan pada komputer. Demikian juga halnya dengan printer, mouse, monitor dan lain sebagainya. Semua peralatan itu dihubungkan dengan menggunakan kabel. Akibatnya terjadi masalah banyak kabel yang dibutuhkan di kantor, rumah atau tempat-tempat lainnya. Masalah lain yang ditemui adalah bagaimana menelusuri kabel-kabel yang terpasang jika ada suatu kesalahan atau kerusakan. Bluetooth memperbaiki penggunaan teknologi kabel yang cenderung menyulitkan ini dengan cara menghubungkan beberapa peralatan tanpa menggunakan kabel. Pada karya tulis ini, dibahas aplikasi spesifik bluetooth, antara lain servis-servis apa saja yang disediakan oleh teknologi bluetooth; cara kerja bluetooth yaitu bagaimana bluetooth device melakukan koneksi di dalam sebuah piconet serta bluetooth protocol stack. Bluetooth telah berhasil memudahkan koneksi antar beberapa alat dari berbagai vendor tanpa kabel dengan tenaga yang kecil serta biaya yang ringan. Dengan bluetooth dapat dibentuk sebuah jaringan kecil atau Piconet yang terdiri dari beberapa peralatan dan sekali lagi, tanpa memerlukan kabel. Kata kunci: Bluetooth, Bluetooth Protocol Stack, Piconet, Komunikasi data, Nirkabel.

Bluetooth is a wireless access technology where polling is used to share bandwidth among the nodes. In this paper, a new polling scheme for intra-piconet scheduling in Bluetooth piconets, Priority Gated Round Robin, is proposed. The performance of this algorithm is analyzed via simulation in different cases such as different Segmentation And Reassembly algorithms, different packet sizes, and variable number of slaves and is compared with the traditional Gated Round Robin algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the new scheme achieves better performance over the existing Gated Round Robin scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To efficiently relay packets between associated piconets in an arbitrary-sized scatternet, an adaptive interpiconet scheduling algorithm is a requisite in a bridge. In this paper, we proposed a new interpiconet scheduling algorithm based on the HOLD mode-a power-saving mode of Bluetooth-to reduce the average interpiconet packet delay while increasing the utilization of a bridge. Generally speaking, interpiconet packet delay mainly results from the phenomenon that a bridge stays in one piconet without any interpicoriet transmission activity in progress while other associated piconets are waiting for the bridge to deal with iiiterpiconet packets. Thus, our proposed scheme estimates the time duration for which the bridge should stay in each piconet according to the traffic pattern so that the bridge can avoid being idle as possible. In particular, neither Bluetooth specification modifications nor any extra devices are needed to integrate our proposed interpiconet scheduling algorithm. Finally, the simulation results show the superiority of our proposed scheme, including low average delay, high throughput, and remarkable scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra wideband (UWB) network brings both chance and challenge to personal area wireless communications. Compared with other IEEE 802 small range wireless protocols (such as WLAN and Bluetooth), UWB has both extremely high bandwidth (up to 480 Mbps) and low radiation. Moreover, the structured MAC layer of UWB is the fundamental difference to WLAN. The top one is that only when two UWB devices belong to the same piconet can they communicate with each other directly, which means that we must jointly consider topology formation and routing when deploying UWB networks because the interaction between routing and topology formation makes separate optimization ineffective. This paper tries to optimize UWB network from a cross-layer point of view. Specifically, given device spatial distribution and traffic requirement, we want to form piconets and determine routing jointly, to maximize the overall throughput. We formulate the problem of joint optimization to mixed-integer programming and give a practical lower bound that is very close to the theoretical upper bound in our simulation. Furthermore, our lower bound is much better than an algorithm that only considers topology formation in UWB networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bluetooth has been considered as a high potential technology for providing wireless communication in a home-networking environment. In a Bluetooth network, it is difficult to control or predefine a scatternet structure because that the scatternet is formed using a distributed procedure, with the master and slave connected at random. A badly structured scatternet exhibits the following characteristics. Firstly, too many bridges in the scatternet will create a guard slot overhead associated with bridge switching among the participated piconets, increasing the probability of packet loss. Secondly, too many piconets in a communicative range will cause packet collision and thus degrade the performance. Unnecessary piconets also lengthen the routing path and transmission delay. This work proposes a distributed scatternet reconstruction protocol for dynamically reorganizing the scatternet topology. By applying the role switching operation, the unnecessary bridges and the piconet can be dynamically removed and hence, improve the packet error rate, save guard slots, and reduce the average routing length. Experimental results reveal that the proposed protocol significantly improves the performance of a Bluetooth scatternet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In parallel computing structures, Hypercubes [P. J. Wan, L. W. Liu, Y. Yang, Optimal routing based on the super-topology in Hypercube WDM networks, 1999, pp. 142–149] and [Y. R. Leu, S. Y. Kuo, A fault-tolerant tree communication scheme for hypercube systems, IEEE Trans. Comput. 45(6) (1996) 643–650] have many advantages: they support parallel computing, provide disjoint paths, and tolerate faults. If devices with computing capabilities can be linked as a Hypercube by taking advantage of Bluetooth radio''s features, then an efficient communication and high-performance computing environment can be established by applying currently used algorithms. A Bluetooth device randomly searches for and connects with other devices, using time-consuming inquiry/inquiry scan and page/page scan operation and hence, results in an uncontrolled scatternet topology and inefficient communications. The present work proposes a three-stage distributed construction protocol for rapidly organizing a Hypercube computing environment that was constructed from Bluetooth devices. The proposed protocol governs the construction of links, the assigning of roles and the formation of the scatternet in order to efficiently construct a Hypercube structure. The constructed scatternet easily enables Bluetooth devices to establish a routing path, tolerate faults and create disjoint paths, and thus, achieves parallel and distributed computing in a Bluetooth wireless environment. Experimental results reveal that the proposed protocol can set up a scatternet that is appropriate for parallel computing and communications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]