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What skills, attributes, and experiences are needed for a visual journalism job in a contemporary print and digital newsroom? Previous attempts at answering this question examine it through insights from hiring managers or news editors, often collected retrospectively or at arbitrary times of the year through surveys; analyses of position descriptions, which are often framed in normative terms; or through analyzing journalism curricula, which perpetually struggle to adapt nimbly to evolving industry demands. This signaling theory study adopts a novel approach by examining, through qualitative thematic analysis, all applicants' resumes and cover letters submitted by candidates for a visual journalism job posted in 2019. The hiring organization sought a candidate who could not only tell newsworthy stories through images but also one who could "write their own stories," "have strong organizational skills," and be "knowledgeable about current digital technology and applications for smartphone photography." The results provide insight into the types of applicants who apply to such a position; the skills, attributes, and experiences employers regard as worthy of shortlisting; and the strategies candidates adopted in addressing the position description and selection criteria.

The article discusses the importance of place and belonging in news photographs of migration. The author reflects on their own experiences as an immigrant in Australia and how it has shaped their worldview. The article also examines the visual representation of migrants in news media, focusing on photographs of migrants emigrating from Mexico to the United States. The author raises questions about the definition of news, the diversity of news sources, and the analysis of visual news. They also discuss the challenges of sampling and the theoretical lenses used in analyzing news images. Overall, the article emphasizes the complexity of migration and the need for nuanced and comprehensive analysis of visual representations in the media. [Extracted from the article]

Visual news can be a broad topic and encapsulate a myriad of forms, conventions, and representational content. The present study delves deeply into the image-based side of news to explore how visual news is produced, framed, and presented at four print and digital news outlets in urban and regional parts of Australia and China. We first conducted a qualitative denotative, stylistic-semiotic, and ideological framing analysis of a total of 1,408 images, published as part of 674 articles. Next, we deepened our understanding of the image analysis results through semi-structured interviews with 14 editorial staff in the visuals departments at these four outlets. Using framing theory and the hierarchy of influences model as theoretical lenses, this study uncovers how economic, social, and political factors affect the types of visual stories that journalists in these countries cover and sheds light on how those stories are presented. Specifically, our results indicate that outlets in Australia illustrate their news more than comparable outlets in China and that the types of visuals used also differed considerably. Online templates and editor directives influenced visual news in Australia to a greater degree while comparable Chinese news outlets paid more attention to audience expectations and political considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What skills, attributes, and experiences are needed for a visual journalism job in a contemporary print and digital newsroom? Previous attempts at answering this question examine it through insights from hiring managers or news editors, often collected retrospectively or at arbitrary times of the year through surveys; analyses of position descriptions, which are often framed in normative terms; or through analyzing journalism curricula, which perpetually struggle to adapt nimbly to evolving industry demands. This signaling theory study adopts a novel approach by examining, through qualitative thematic analysis, all applicants' resumes and cover letters submitted by candidates for a visual journalism job posted in 2019. The hiring organization sought a candidate who could not only tell newsworthy stories through images but also one who could "write their own stories," "have strong organizational skills," and be "knowledgeable about current digital technology and applications for smartphone photography." The results provide insight into the types of applicants who apply to such a position; the skills, attributes, and experiences employers regard as worthy of shortlisting; and the strategies candidates adopted in addressing the position description and selection criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pope Francis’s 2015 visit to Cuba provided a unique opportunity for a comparative study of state-controlled and independent media systems. This study, grounded in the interpretivist tradition, uses symbolic convergence theory and fantasy theme analysis to explore how visuals created by United States-based AP Images, United Kingdom-based Reuters, and Cuba-based Prensa Latina reveal the underlying rhetorical visions, ideologies, and priorities of each culture’s media system. More specifically, state-controlled and independent media depicted the Pope’s visit differently in the degree of personalization shown, the social actors who were depicted, the purpose of the visit, how the Pope was shown in relation to others, and the location where the action occurred. Each media system highlighted its news values and priorities through these differences. Additionally, the images revealed two master narratives: Cuba as a model of Catholicism and the Pope as a model of hierarchy and conformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2005, journalism has experienced a series of seismic changes due to economic factors, technological changes, and shifting priorities and news values. Photojournalism has been particularly affected by technology and business model changes, leading more outlets to rely on often geographically remote freelancers at the expense of dedicated photo staffs. These remote working environments and the mediated communication they necessitate have profound impacts for photojournalists' development, roles, and responsibilities. Through in-depth interviews with photo editors and freelancers at top media outlets in the United States and guided by professional socialization, mentoring, and learning theories, this study explores what happens when the photojournalist- editor relationship is strained, mediated, or severed. It also seeks to examine what impact mediated interactions have on photographers' learning and the quality of the media they produce. The findings reveal that the post-digital freelance model is more linear than the hierarchical staffer model and has a positive influence on workforce diversity, albeit at the expense of freelancers' professional development and their opportunities to receive feedback from editors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual news media's framing has been well studied; however, production factors and cultural conditions involved in photographer–subject interactions have attracted less scholarly attention although they are no less influential in determining the depiction. Guided by social constructionism theory, in-depth interviews with staff photojournalists at a daily community newspaper in the Midwest and an analysis of their work revealed 22 variables that impact how and why images look the way they do. Photojournalists have complete control of only two of these variables, share partial control of 13, but have no control over the remaining seven. The photographers also shared insights into how to improve their journalism's verisimilitude when dealing with reactive subjects. The results support concepts of social constructionism that the subjects of photographs are most comfortable with photographers who share similar characteristics, but that some characteristics can have greater influence. The results also highlight areas where photographers might focus in pursuit of authenticity in journalistic photographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine if pirenzepine and cimetidine given together was superior to cimetidine alone in inducing healing of refractory duodenal ulcers which remained unhealed after treatment with cimetidine or ranitidine for at least eight weeks. One hundred and thirty one patients from six centres were randomised to receive either cimetidine (C) 800 mg daily or cimetidine 800 mg plus pirenzepine (C + P) 100 mg daily under double blind conditions for six weeks. The healing rate was similar in both groups, irrespective of the method of calculation. On an intent-to-treat analysis, healing was: C 66%, C + P 57%, and amongst the patients who completed treatment, healing was 70% in both groups. Patients on C and on C + P experienced a similar decrease in daytime and in night time pain. Side effects of treatment, notably dry mouth and blurred vision, were reported more often by patients on combination therapy. Combined treatment with cimetidine plus pirenzepine in patients with refractory duodenal ulcer is unlikely to be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We report a patient with severe Crohn's disease and the short bowel syndrome on parenteral feeding who was not responding to conventional therapy and underwent treatment with cyclosporin (CyA) given initially intravenously and subsequently orally in each of two courses. Plasma drug concentrations were largely kept within the therapeutic range but wide variability was observed on oral therapy. Improvement both clinically and by objective assessment, was observed on intravenous CyA therapy, but was not sustained when the drug was given orally for several months. None of the side effects observed resisted treatment or was severe enough to warrant discontinuation of therapy. These findings suggest that there may be a place for intravenous CyA therapy in patients with severe Crohn's disease who do not respond to conventional therapy or to oral treatment with CyA. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A single oral dose of 4-46 mmol calcium gluconate at pH 5-6 was administered intragastrically to 15 male volunteers without gastrointestinal disease. There was a significant rise in acid output from 30-90 minutes after the calcium was given compared with the basal hourly collection. The serum gastrin level 30 minutes after calcium administration was significantly raised, but no correlation could be demonstrated between the acid and gastrin responses. Serum calcium levels were unchanged throughout. An equimolar dose of magnesium sulphate had no such effects. This study suggests that the intragastric administration of calcium results in independent release of gastric acid and gastrin from the gastric mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

On hundred and forty-four normal skin specimens were examined for the presence of histochemically demonstrable 3α-, 3β-, 11β-, 16β- and 17β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the sebaceous glands : the anatomical, age and sex distribution of such glands was defined. In only certain sites were these enzymes found and the similarity of their distribution to that of acne vulgaris is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A questionnaire was sent to 5,100 members of the Ileostomy Association of Great Britain and Ireland inviting the members to record their experiences in relation to the function of the ileostomy following on the ingestion of 29 named articles of diet. Nine hundred and fifty-two people, 623 females (65·4%) and 329 males (34·6%), completed the questionnaire satisfactorily. The group showed a close similarity to the total distribution found by the Association with regard to age, sex, and duration of ileostomy. Analysis of the data showed that the great majority of patients with an ileostomy have no difficulty in choosing a diet. The effects of various items of diet on functions of the ileostomy are analysed with special reference to the production of watery flow, upset of timing of filling of the bag, flatulence, pain, and odour. It is concluded that an individual patient with an ileostomy should not omit any article from his diet unless he has found that it repeatedly causes dyspepsia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]