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Pediatric - type low - grade glioma (pLGG) is the most common central nervous system tumor in children, and most pLGG exhibits non -invasive clinical behavior with a good prognosis. Total surgical resection is an important prognostic factor, and patients can achieve long-term survival after total tumor resection. However, tumors in deep location such as brain stem and optic pathway cannot be completely removed by surgery. Chemotherapy is the first choice of adjuvant treatment when the clinical symptoms of pLGG worsen or imaging progress. In recent years, in addition to traditional chemotherapy, the development and application of targeted therapy drugs have also made great progress. This article reviews the research progress and challenges of chemotherapy and targeted therapy of pLGG, in order to provide guidance for clinical practice.

In order to suppress the corrosion of carbon steel in ammonium chloride solution during hydrocracking, the relevant corrosion inhibitor was studied. 5-cyclohexyl-1,3,5-triazinane-2-thione was synthesized using thiourea, formaldehyde and cyclohexanamine as raw materials, and its structure was characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR. The corrosion inhibition performance of the product for 10 carbon steel in 2% NH4Cl solution was studied by weight loss method and electrochemical method. Results showed that the corrosion inhibition performance of 5-cyclohexyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-thione on 10 steel in 2% NH4Cl solution increased with the increase of its addition, and decreased with the increase of temperature. Electrochemical results showed that the corrosion inhibitor behaved as a mixed inhibitory type inhibitor at low temperature or a cathodic inhibitory inhibitor at high temperature. The adsorption of 5-cyclohexyl-1,3,5-triazinane-2-thione on the surface of 10 steel in 2% NH4Cl solution obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the adsorption belonged to spontaneous and exothermic processes.

For solving the scaling problem on the metal surface, by using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyperfluoroethylene propylene (FEP) as raw materials, the PVDF/FEP/ZnO composite coatings were prepared by adding different content of nano ZnO into PVDF and FEP. The effects of nano ZnO content on the hydrophobicity and antiscaling performance of the composite coatings were studied. In addition, contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize composite coatings systematically. Results showed that when the amount of nano ZnO was 5%(mass fracrion), the surface free energy of PVDF/FEP/ZnO composite coating was 8.6 mJ/m2, and the water contact angle (WCA) was 114.8°. After scaling in supersaturated calcium carbonate solution for 336 h, the scaling amount of CaCO3 on the surface of PVDF/FEP/ZnO composite coating was 72% of that of the epoxy coating, and the mole fraction of aragonite and aragonite reached 91.4%. In general, the PVDF/FEP/ZnO composite coating had excellent antiscaling performance, presenting a good application prospect in the field of antiscaling.

On the “Flowing Movement” and the “Lofty and Ancient” in Gary Snyder’s Poetry Gary Snyder, a renowned 20th century American poet, has been strongly influenced by Eastern cultures, especially Chinese. The philosophical spirit of Eastern culture and its intuitive way of thinking have taken root in Snyder’s mind and directly shaped his perception of nature. Hence, in view of the inadequacy of Western literary criticism in interpreting the Eastern dimensions of Snyder’s poetry, this article takes the classical Chinese literary theory “Twenty-Four Styles of Poetry” as its theoretical perspective and uses its categories of “Flowing Movement” and “Lofty and Ancient” to explore how the dissolved or solitary poetic self achieves the mental state of “emptiness” (kong in Chinese Taoism and sunyata in the Buddhist sense) and creates the poetic worlds of the “flowing movement” and the “lofty and ancient” (transcendence) in Snyder’s poems.

Aims/Background Gangliogliomas are grade 1 glioneuronal tumors occurring predominantly in the temporal lobe, as per the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Gangliogliomas often harbor BRAF (v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) p.V600E hotspot mutation or other alterations leading to activation of RAS/RAF/MAPK (rat sarcoma virus oncogene/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway, which is the driver factor of this tumor. This study aims to investigate a case of ganglioglioma patient with distinctive molecular features, and to present the clinical and pathological characteristics as well as the treatment employed for this individual. Case Presentation We reported a primary ganglioglioma harboring MAP2K1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1) mutation and CDKN2A/B (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/2B) homozygous deletion in a 4-year-old patient. The patient experienced tumor recurrence 12 months after gross total resection of the tumor. Subsequently, salvage chemotherapy with a combination of temozolomide and irinotecan was administered, resulting in effective control of the tumor. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ganglioglioma with anaplastic features harboring MAP2K1 mutation and homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B. These findings may shed light on the genetic features of ganglioglioma and offers insights into potential therapeutic approaches for this rare neoplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a non-specific chronic intestinal inflammatory disease, often presenting with abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, anorexia, and body loss. It is difficult to cure completely and a promising treatment is urgently needed. Natural compounds can offer promising chemical agents for treatment of diseases. Polydatin is a natural ingredient extracted from the dried rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and dementia protection activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of polydatin on IBD and explore its possible mechanism. We found that polydatin could effectively suppress the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro, but had no effect on the differentiation of Treg cells. Polydatin significantly alleviated colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice, and dramatically decreased the proportion of Th17 cells in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Mechanism investigations revealed that polydatin specifically inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation by directly binding to STAT3, leading to Th17 cell reduction and thereby alleviating colitis. These findings provide novel insights into the anti-colitis effect of polydatin, which may be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome that is characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, and effective therapeutics have yet to be developed. Saikosaponin D (SSD), a major bioactive component of Radix Bupleuri, exhibits antiinflammatory, anti‐tumor, anti‐oxidant, anti‐viral, and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we demonstrated that SSD is a promising agent for the treatment of cancer cachexia. SSD could alleviate TCM‐induced myotube atrophy and inhibit the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases muscle RING‐finger containing protein‐1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy Fbox protein (Atrogin‐1/MAFbx) in vitro. Moreover, SSD suppressed the progression of cancer cachexia, with significant improvements in the loss of body weight, gastrocnemius muscle, and tibialis anterior muscle mass in vivo. Mechanism investigations demonstrated that SSD could directly bind to STAT3 and specifically inhibit its phosphorylation as well as its transcriptional activity. Overexpression of STAT3 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of SSD on myotube atrophy, indicating that the therapeutic effect of SSD was attributed to STAT3 inhibition. These findings provide novel strategies for treatment of cancer cachexia by targeting STAT3, and SSD may be a promising drug candidate for cancer cachexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]