320 results on '"BOTTERO, JEAN-YVES"'
Search Results
302. Aluminum (III) speciation with acetate and oxalate. A potentiometricand {sup}2{sup}7Al NMR study
- Author
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Thomas, Fabien, Masion, Armand, Rouiller, James, Bottero, Jean Yves, Boudot, Denis, and Genevrier, Francine
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- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
303. Role of molting on the biodistribution of CeO2 nanoparticles within Daphnia pulex.
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Auffan, Mélanie, Bertin, Delphine, Chaurand, Perrine, Pailles, Christine, Dominici, Christian, Rose, Jérôme, Bottero, Jean-Yves, and Thiery, Alain
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MOLTING , *CERIUM oxides , *NANOPARTICLES , *DAPHNIA pulex , *ARTHROPODA , *CRUSTACEA , *ANIMAL exoskeletons - Abstract
Abstract: As all arthropods, microcrustaceans shed their chitinous exoskeleton (cuticule, peritrophic membrane) to develop and grow. While the molting is the most crucial stage in their life cycle, it remains poorly investigated in term of pollutant biodistribution within the organisms. In this paper, we used optical, electronic, and X ray-based microscopies to study the uptake and release of CeO2 nanoparticles by/from Daphnia pulex over a molting stage. We measured that D. pulex molts every 59 ± 21 h (confidence interval) with growth rates about 1.1 or 1.8 μm per stage as a function of the pieces measured. Ingestion via food chain was the main route of CeO2 nanoparticles uptake by D. pulex. The presence of algae during the exposure to nanoparticles (sub-lethal doses) enhanced by a factor of 3 the dry weight concentration of Ce on the whole D. pulex. Nanoparticles were localized in the gut content, in direct contact with the peritrophic membrane, and on the cuticle. Interestingly, the depuration (24 h with Chlorella pseudomonas) was not efficient to remove the nanoparticles from the organisms. From 40% to 100% (depending on the feeding regime during exposure) of the CeO2 taken up by D. pulex is not release after the depuration process. However, we demonstrated for the first time that the shedding of the chitinous exoskeleton was the crucial mechanism governing the released of CeO2 nanoparticles regardless of the feeding regime during exposure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
304. High-purity hydrogen gas from the reaction between BOF steel slag and water in the 473–673 K range.
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Malvoisin, Benjamin, Brunet, Fabrice, Carlut, Julie, Montes-Hernandez, German, Findling, Nathaniel, Lanson, Martine, Vidal, Olivier, Bottero, Jean-Yves, and Goffé, Bruno
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HYDROGEN , *CHEMICAL reactions , *BASIC oxygen furnaces , *STEEL , *WATER , *TEMPERATURE effect , *METHANE , *PARTICLE size determination - Abstract
Abstract: A novel method for producing hydrogen with water and BOF steel slag was developed. The steel slag was reacted with water during 2–57 days at 50 MPa for temperatures ranging from 473 to 673 K. The quantitative evolution of the slag and gas compositions indicated that the main H2 producing reaction is: 3FeO + H2O → Fe3O4 + H2 At 523 K, approximately 5 NL of H2 per kg of slag were produced in 3 days. The reaction rate was only 1.5 times faster when the slag was crushed down to an initial particle size below 50 μm. The H2 production has been also tested on slags carbonated beforehand at 0.142 ± 0.002 kg of CO2 per kg of slag. The reaction was found to be thermally activated. A high purity hydrogen (99.995%) is produced with non-carbonated steel slag below 573 K whereas CH4 production was measured in all the other experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
305. Preparation of amino-functionalized silica in aqueous conditions
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Cuoq, Fabrice, Masion, Armand, Labille, Jérôme, Rose, Jérôme, Ziarelli, Fabio, Prelot, Benedicte, and Bottero, Jean-Yves
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AMINO acids , *AQUEOUS solutions , *SILICA nanoparticles , *SURFACES (Technology) , *MICROFABRICATION , *CHEMICAL processes , *ACTIVATION (Chemistry) - Abstract
Abstract: Silica particle surfaces were modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) for the fabrication under mild conditions of amino-functionalized silica particles which can be applied in a number of processes, e.g. chromatography. Surface activation was carried out in water at natural pH and in toluene on non-preheated silica in order to compare the grafting efficiency in these two solvents. No successive thermal treatments were carried out after grafting. Grafting extents were then calculated using solid state TOC measurements. Grafting extents of APTES in water and anhydrous solvent were surprisingly found to be the same after a simple rinsing step (i.e. 2.10±0.09μmol/m2). Thus, in our case, the use of anhydrous solvent is an unnecessary precaution if the silica is further used in water since equivalent grafting extents of APTES are obtained with a simple and eco-friendly grafting process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2013
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- View/download PDF
306. Location and evolution of the speciation of vanadium in bitumen and model of reclaimed bituminous mixes during ageing: Can vanadium serve as a tracer of the aged and fresh parts of the reclaimed asphalt pavement mixture?
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Béze, Laetita El, Rose, Jérôme, Mouillet, Virginie, Farcas, Fabienne, Masion, Armand, Chaurand, Perrine, and Bottero, Jean-Yves
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VANADIUM , *BITUMEN , *OXIDATION , *ASPHALT pavements , *ORGANIC compounds , *X-ray absorption near edge structure , *CARBON - Abstract
Abstract: Vanadium is well known to promote the ageing of bitumen through oxidation of the carbon matrix. Nevertheless the mechanism by which vanadium may induce organic compound oxidation is not clearly understood. Then the evolution of the speciation of the vanadium into bitumen matrix with ageing was studied. V–K edge XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structures) experiments showed no evolution of the oxidation state and geometry of V although all bitumen oxidation indexes indicated intense ageing, thus suggesting that vanadium can promote the bitumen oxidation through catalytic phenomena. Micro-XANES experiments at the V–K edge combined with micro-X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) showed that, in a laboratory model of hot reclaimed bituminous mixes, the presence of aggregates (CaCO3 particles) enhanced the oxidation of bitumen, without however affecting the oxidation state of V. As a consequence, the vanadium speciation during bitumen ageing cannot be used as a tracer of the bitumen ageing and mixing between fresh and reclaimed bitumen. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2012
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307. Combining Size Fractionation, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Probe Zinc Speciation in Pig Slurry
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Samuel Legros, Olivier Proux, H. Saint-Macary, Emmanuel Doelsch, Daniel Borschneck, Jérôme Rose, Jean-Yves Bottero, J. L. Hazemann, Armand Masion, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ADEME project no.0475C0013French Réunion Region, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), MRS - Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Bottero, Jean Yves
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Environmental Engineering ,Swine ,Scanning electron microscope ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Fractionation ,Zinc ,Chemical Fractionation ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Porcin ,Animals ,Organic matter ,Microscopie électronique ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Particle Size ,Technique analytique ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,X-ray absorption spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ,Q70 - Traitement des déchets agricoles ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Lisier ,Pollution ,Manure ,X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy ,Sphalerite ,Spectroscopie aux rayons x ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Slurry ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Particle size ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche ,P02 - Pollution - Abstract
International audience; Zinc occurs in high quantity in pig slurry since it is used as an essential micronutrient at high concentrations in animal feeds despite the low Zn assimilation by pigs. Zinc accumulation was measured in soil surface layers that had been amended with pig slurry, while also determining the phytotoxicity as well as the extent of groundwater quality degradation. To accurately predict the mobility and bioavailability of Zn derived from pig slurry spreading, the speciation of this element has to be assessed since the total concentration is not sufficient. This study involved a combination of techniques to investigate Zn speciation in pig slurry. Size fractionation was first performed to account for the complexity of pig slurry, and 75% of total Zn was detected in the 0.45- to 20-μm particle-size range. Then X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy dispersive spectrometer, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analyses were combined to assess Zn speciation. The findings highlighted the presence of 49% Zn bound to organic matter, 37% amorphous Zn hydroxides [Zn(OH)2], and 14% sphalerite (ZnS).
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- 2010
308. Impact d'un sédiment dopé aux nanoparticules d'or ou de sulfure de cadmium sur un invertébré et un poisson d'eau douce
- Author
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Dedeh, Amina, STAR, ABES, Bourdineaud, Jean-Paul, Akcha, Farida, Ciutat, Aurélie, Brèthes, Daniel, Bottero, Jean-Yves, Mouneyrac, Catherine, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, and Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
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Danio rerio ,Metallic nanoparticles ,[SDV.TOX.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology ,Génotoxicité ,Nanoparticules métalliques ,Sediment ,[SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology ,Bioturbation ,Genotoxicity ,Tubifex tubifex ,Sédiment - Abstract
The aim of this thesis was to determine the impact of two types of metal nanoparticles (cadmium sulphide - CdS - and gold - Au) on two aquatic models (tubifex worms and zebrafish Danio rerio). The approach has been to dope the Garonne sediment with the two types of nanoparticles and characterize the effect of this contamination on the two animals using multiple markers at different levels of biological organization (biochemical responses, neurotransmission activity, genotoxicity, gene expression and bioturbation activity). The effects were evaluated after exposure to contaminated sediment in experimental microcosms systems for twenty days. In a number of cases this work revealed an effect of the nanoparticles that was not due to metal but to the nanoparticulate properties. Indeed, in the case of CdS nanoparticles, we observed alterations in the genome as well as the modification of the bioturbation activity of worms tubifex in response to the contamination of nanoparticles but not to that of the ionic form. In this work we observed the release of gold nanoparticles from the sediment into the water column, and its potential bioavailability to fish. These nanoparticles were causing DNA damage in both organisms, modifying the expression of certain genes and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in zebrafish. Bioturbation results showed no effects of gold nanoparticles on the movement of worms., Le but de cette thèse était de déterminer l’impact de deux types de nanoparticules métalliques (sulfure de cadmium – CdS - et or - Au) sur deux organismes aquatiques modèles (vers tubifex et poisson zèbre Danio rerio). L’approche a consisté à doper le sédiment de la Garonne avec les deux types de nanoparticules et caractériser l’effet de cette contamination sur les deux organismes en utilisant plusieurs marqueurs à différents niveaux d'organisation biologique (réponses biochimiques, activité de neurotransmission, génotoxicité, expression génétique et activité de bioturbation). Les effets ont été évalués après exposition aux sédiments contaminés dans des systèmes expérimentaux de types microcosmes durant une vingtaine de jours. Dans un certain nombre de cas, ce travail a révélé un effet des nanoparticules qui n’était pas dû au métal mais aux propriétés nanoparticulaires. En effet, dans le cas des nanoparticules de CdS, nous avons observé des altérations du génome ainsi que la modification de l’activité de bioturbation des vers tubifex en réponse à la contamination aux nanoparticules mais pas à celle de la forme ionique. Dans ce travail nous avons pu observer le relargage des nanoparticules d’or depuis le sédiment vers la colonne d’eau, et sa biodisponibilité potentielle pour les poissons. Ces nanoparticules provoquaient des altérations de l’ADN chez les deux organismes, la modification de l’expression de certains gènes et l’augmentation de l’activité de l’acétylcholinestérase chez le poisson zèbre. Les résultats de bioturbation n’ont pas montré d’effets des nanoparticules d’or sur le mouvement des vers.
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- 2014
309. Fate and Transformation of Metal-(Oxide) Nanoparticles in Wastewater Treatment
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Barton, Lauren Elizabeth, Wiesner, Mark R, and Bottero, Jean-Yves
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Fate and Transport ,Environmental engineering ,Nanotechnology ,Nanoparticles ,Wastewater Treatment ,Exposure - Abstract
The study and application of materials possessing size dimensions in the nano scale range and, as a result, unique properties have led to the birth of a new field; nanotechnology. Scientists and engineers have discovered and are exploiting the novel physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance consumer products and technologies in ways superior to their bulk counterparts. Escalating production and use of NPs will unavoidably lead to release and exposure to environmental systems. This introduction of emerging potential contaminant NPs will provide new and interesting challenges for exposure and risk forecasting as well as environmental endurance.The ultimate goal of this research is to develop a framework that incorporates experimental and computational efforts to assess and better understand the exposure of metal and metal-oxide NPs released to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and further implications on land application units (LAUs) where biosolids can be applied. The foundation of the computational effort is comprised of Monte Carlo mass balance models that account for the unique processes affecting NP fate and transport through the different technical compartments of a WWTP and LAU. Functional assay and bioreactor experiments in environmental media were used to determine parameters capable of describing the critical processes that impact the fate of NPs in wastewater. The results of this research indicate that a simplified, but still environmentally relevant nano-specific exposure assessment is possible through experimentation to parameterize adapted models. Black box modeling efforts, which have been shown in previous studies, show no disadvantage relative to discretization of technical compartments as long as all key transport and fate mechanisms are considered. The distribution coefficient (_), an experimentally determined, time-dependent parameter, can be used to predict the distribution of NPs between the liquid and solid phase in WWTPs. In addition, this parameter can be utilized a step further for the estimation of the more fundamental, time independent attachment efficiency between the NPs and the solids in wastewater. The NP core, size, and surface coating will influence the value of these parameters in addition to the background particle characteristics as the parameters are specific to the environmental system of study. For the metal and metal-oxide NPs studied, preferential overall association of approximately 90% or greater with the solid phase of wastewater was observed and predicted. Furthermore, NP transformations including dissolution, redox reactions, and adsorption can potentially impact exposure. For example, experimental results showed that nano-CeO2 is reduced from Ce(IV) to Ce(III) when in contact with wastewater bacteria where Ce2S3 will likely govern the Ce(III) phase in biosolids. From the literature, similar transformations have been observed with Ag and ZnO NPs to Ag2S and ZnS. With respect to TiO2 NPs, studies indicated that due to high insolubility, these NPs would not undergo transformation in WWTPs. The distribution and transformation rate coefficients can then be used in fate models to predict the NP species exposed to aquatic and terrestrial systems and environmentally relevant concentrations released from WWTPs. Upon completion of the WWTP model, the predicted concentrations of NPs and NP transformation byproducts released in effluent and biosolids were attainable. A simple mass balance model for NP fate in LAUs was then developed to use this output. Results indicate that NP loading on LAUs would be very low but that build up over time to steady state could result in mass concentrations on the order of the typical level for the background metal in soil. Transport processes of plant uptake and leaching were expected to greatly impact the solid phase concentration of the NPs remaining in the LAU, while rainfall did not impart a significant influence upon variation between low and high annual amounts. The significance of this research is the introduction of a method for NP exposure assessment in WWTPs and subsequently in LAUs. This work describes and quantifies the key processes that will impact Ag, TiO2, CeO2 and ZnO NP fate and transport, which can inform future studies, the modeling community and regulatory agencies.
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- 2014
310. A risk forecasting process for nanostructured materials, and nanomanufacturing
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Wiesner, Mark R., Bottero, J.Y., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Durham] (CEE), Duke University [Durham], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology iCEINT, Europôle de l'Arbois, 13545 Aix en Provence, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Bottero, Jean-Yves
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Life Cycle ,[SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,Bayesian Network ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,Risk assessment ,Nanomaterials - Abstract
International audience; Nanomaterials exhibit novel properties that enable new applications ranging from molecular electronics to energy production. Proactive consideration of the potential impacts on human health and the environment resulting from nanomaterial production and use requires methods for forecasting risk associated with of these novel materials. However, the potential variety of nanomaterials is virtually infinite and a case-by-case analysis of the risks these materials may pose is not possible. The challenge of forecasting risk for a broad number of materials is further complicated by large degrees of uncertainty concerning production amounts, the characteristics and uses of these materials, exposure pathways, and a scarcity of data concerning the relationship between nanomaterial characteristics and their effects on organisms and ecosystems. A traditional risk assessment on nanomaterials is therefore not possible at this time. In its place, an evolving process is needed for analyzing the risks associated with emerging nanomaterials-related industries. In this communication, we propose that such a process should include the following six key features: 1) the ability to generate forecasts and associated levels of uncertainty for questions of immediate concern, 2) a consideration of all pertinent sources of nanomaterials, 3) an inclusive consideration of the impacts of activities stemming from nanomaterial use and production that extends beyond the boundaries of toxicology and include full life cycle impacts, 4) the ability to adapt and update risk forecasts as new information becomes available, 5) feedback to improve information gathering and, 6) feedback to improve nanomaterial design. Feature #6 implies that the potential risks of nanomaterials must ultimately be determined as a function of fundamental, quantifiable properties of nanomaterials, so that when these properties are observed in a new material, they can be recognized as indicators of risk. Thus, the required risk assessment process for nanomaterials addresses needs that span urgent, short-term questions dealing with nanomaterials currently in commerce, to longer-term issues that will require basic research and advances in theory. In the following sections we outline issues surrounding each of these six features ad discuss.
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- 2011
311. NANOPARTICULES D'OXYDES MÉTALLIQUES : RELATIONS ENTRE LA RÉACTIVITE DE SURFACE ET DES RÉPONSES BIOLOGIQUES
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melanie auffan, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, Bottero Jean-Yves(bottero@cerege.fr), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,redox evolution ,nano-oxides ,XANES) ,ADN ,interface solide/liquide ,toxicity ,stress oxydatif ,water treatment ,DNA ,traitement de l'eau ,XANES ,évolution redox ,EXAFS ,spectroscopie d'absorption X (EXAFS ,surface reactivity ,solide/liquide interface ,oxidative stress ,toxicité ,réactivité de surface ,nano-oxydes - Abstract
The growing interest in nanotechnology is comparable to a new industrial revolution. It affects also the environmental field since nanoparticles (NPs) provide solutions to several environmental issues. For instance, we have shown the strong retention efficiency of As (8As/nm2) by iron oxide NPs (6nm). This is linked to their large specific surface area and their strong surface reactivity, due to the presence of unusual adsorption sites and to the significant decrease of surface energy during adsorption.But some questions concern the (eco)toxicological impact arising from an increasing NPs production. A classification of the toxicity of oxide NPs as a function of their redox properties has been proposed. While chemically stable NPs (γFe2O3) in biological media have no apparent toxicity, NPs with a strong oxydant (CeO2) or reductive (Fe°) power appear cytotoxic for Escherichia coli and genotoxic for human fibroblasts; Les nanotechnologies génèrent un engouement assimilable à une révolution technologique. Le domaine de l'environnement est concerné car les nanoparticules (NPs) apportent des solutions à plusieurs problèmes de pollution. Par exemple, nous avons montré la forte capacité de rétention de l'As (8As/nm2) par des NPs d'oxydes de fer (6nm). Ceci est lié à leur grande surface spécifique et à leur forte réactivité de surface due à la présence de sites d'adsorption inédits et à la diminution significative de l'énergie de surface lors de l'adsorption. Mais des questions se posent sur l'impact (éco)toxicologique engendré par la forte production de NPs. Une classification de l'(éco)toxicité des nano-oxydes en fonction de leurs propriétés redox a été proposée. Alors que des NPs chimiquement stables (γFe2O3) en milieux biologiques ne montrent aucune toxicité, des NPs ayant un pouvoir oxydant (CeO2) ou réducteur (Fe°) sont cytotoxiques pour Escherichia coli et génotoxiques pour les fibroblastes humains.
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- 2007
312. Metal oxide nanoparticles : relations between surface reactivity and the biological effects
- Author
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Auffan, Melanie, Auffan, Melanie, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, Bottero Jean-Yves(bottero@cerege.fr), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,redox evolution ,nano-oxides ,XANES) ,ADN ,interface solide/liquide ,toxicity ,stress oxydatif ,water treatment ,DNA ,traitement de l'eau ,XANES ,évolution redox ,[PHYS] Physics [physics] ,EXAFS ,spectroscopie d'absorption X (EXAFS ,surface reactivity ,solide/liquide interface ,oxidative stress ,toxicité ,réactivité de surface ,nano-oxydes - Abstract
The growing interest in nanotechnology is comparable to a new industrial revolution. It affects also the environmental field since nanoparticles (NPs) provide solutions to several environmental issues. For instance, we have shown the strong retention efficiency of As (8As/nm2) by iron oxide NPs (6nm). This is linked to their large specific surface area and their strong surface reactivity, due to the presence of unusual adsorption sites and to the significant decrease of surface energy during adsorption.But some questions concern the (eco)toxicological impact arising from an increasing NPs production. A classification of the toxicity of oxide NPs as a function of their redox properties has been proposed. While chemically stable NPs (γFe2O3) in biological media have no apparent toxicity, NPs with a strong oxydant (CeO2) or reductive (Fe°) power appear cytotoxic for Escherichia coli and genotoxic for human fibroblasts, Les nanotechnologies génèrent un engouement assimilable à une révolution technologique. Le domaine de l'environnement est concerné car les nanoparticules (NPs) apportent des solutions à plusieurs problèmes de pollution. Par exemple, nous avons montré la forte capacité de rétention de l'As (8As/nm2) par des NPs d'oxydes de fer (6nm). Ceci est lié à leur grande surface spécifique et à leur forte réactivité de surface due à la présence de sites d'adsorption inédits et à la diminution significative de l'énergie de surface lors de l'adsorption. Mais des questions se posent sur l'impact (éco)toxicologique engendré par la forte production de NPs. Une classification de l'(éco)toxicité des nano-oxydes en fonction de leurs propriétés redox a été proposée. Alors que des NPs chimiquement stables (γFe2O3) en milieux biologiques ne montrent aucune toxicité, des NPs ayant un pouvoir oxydant (CeO2) ou réducteur (Fe°) sont cytotoxiques pour Escherichia coli et génotoxiques pour les fibroblastes humains.
- Published
- 2007
313. Coagulação/floculação de águas superficiais de minerações de ferro com turbidez elevada
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Guedes, Claudia Dumans, Turcq, Bruno Jean, Bottero, Jean Yves, Thomas, Fabien, Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias, Reis, Cesar, Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino, and Lena, Jorge Carvalho de
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Moringa oleífera ,Águas superficiais de minerações de ferro ,Rio Piracicaba - MG ,Coagulação/floculação de óxidos de ferro ,Geoquímica ambiental - Abstract
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Evolução Crustal e Recursos Naturais. Departamento de Geologia, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. A região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, sedia alguns dos depósitos de minério de ferro mais importantes do mundo. Nesta região localiza-se a Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Doce e a sub-Bacia do rio Piracicaba. A área em torno do alto e médio rio Piracicaba concentra um grande nú-mero de empresas mineradoras de ferro. A atividade mineira é considerada uma das responsáveis pelo aumento das taxas de lixiviação química e erosão dos solos e rochas da região. Neste trabalho investigou-se preliminarmente a dispersão de óxidos de ferro nos sedimentos do leito do alto e médio rio Piracicaba buscando uma possível correlação entre o acúmulo de sedimento e a existência de atividade de mineração na região. As amostras coletadas nas proximidades da nascente do rio mostraram os teores mais elevados de minerais de ferro, provavelmente carreados por afluentes do rio que drenam áreas de mineração. As concentrações de hematita nestes pontos são cerca de quatro vezes mais altas do que as concentrações médias observadas ao longo do trecho do rio estudado. Os resultados desta avaliação justificam o interesse pelo estudo da coagulação das águas superficiais de minerações por aqueles envolvidos com o equilíbrio ambiental e hidrológico do rio. O estudo empregou dois coagulantes: o tradicional sulfato de alumínio (alúmen) e um biopolímero natural Moringa oleífera. As águas superficiais consistem em suspensões de uma mistura mineral de goethita, hematita, cau-linita e quartzo, que apresentam carga superficial resultante positiva nas condições ambientais de pH. O alúmen apresentou um excelente desempenho na desestabilização destas suspensões ricas em óxidos de ferro. Seu mecanismo de atuação foi estudado e provavelmente envolve a adsorção específica dos produ-tos catiônicos da hidrólise do sal de alumínio sobre a superfície das partículas, sucedida por um processo de heterocoagulação que envolve partículas negativas e positivas presentes na suspensão. No entanto, desde os anos setenta, o emprego de alumínio vem encontrando severas restrições devido às suspeitas de sua associação com doenças neurodegenerativas, como o mal de Alzheimer e a doença de Parkinson, e câncer. O coagulante natural Moringa oleífera provem de uma árvore muita bem adaptada ao solo e às condições climáticas do Norte e Nordeste brasileiros, e amplamente empregada em países pobres da Áfri-ca como um eficiente coagulante para águas de alta turbidez. Não existem, até o momento, trabalhos pu-blicados sobre o emprego deste coagulante na desestabilização de suspensões ricas em óxidos de ferro. A eficiência e o mecanismo de coagulação/floculação do extrato aquoso das sementes de Moringa foram investigados por isotermas de adsorção, infravermelho, difração de Raios-X, espectroscopia Mössbauer, análise termogravimétrica, potencial Zeta e análise granulométrica. A fração ativa deste coagulante é constituída por proteínas catiônicas que adsorvem sobre a superfície das partículas de óxido. O mecanismo envolvido parece incluir duas etapas: a formação de uma monocamada de proteína que desestabiliza as partículas, sucedida pela formação de multicamadas responsáveis pela redispersão das partículas. La région de Quadrilateros Ferrifero , située dans l'état de Minas Gerais au Brésil, dispose de quelques uns des plus importants gisements de minerai de fer du monde. Dans cette meme région se trouve le Bassin Hydrographique du rio Doce et le sub-Bassin du rio Piracicaba (rivière Piracicaba), un affluent du rio Doce. Plusieurs entreprises d'exploitation des minerais de fer se concentrent en amont et le long de ce cours d'eau. Les exploitations minières sont souvent responsables de l'augmentation des taux de lixiviation chimique et d'érosion mécanique des sols. Dans ce travail, les teneurs en oxydes de fer dans les sédiments présents au fond de la rivière Piracicaba ont été étudiées afin de tenter d'établir une corrélation entre l'accumulation des sédiments et les activités minières dans la région. Les échantillons prélevés sur des sites proches des sources de la rivière Piracicaba ont présentés les teneurs en minéraux de fer les plus importantes, probablement apportés par les affluents de la rivière qui traversent et drainent les zones minières. Les concentrations en hématite de ces échantillons sont quatre fois plus importantes que la valeur moyenne observée dans les sédiments le long de la rivière Piracicaba. Ainsi, l'étude des conditions physico-chimiques favorisant la coagulation et la sédimentation des eaux superficielles troubles, issues des zones d'exploitation des minerais de fer, est une étape importante et primordiale pour ceux qui s'inquiètent de l'équilibre environnemental et hydrologique de cette rivière. Des tests de coagulation/floculation ont été réalisés avec deux agents coagulants : le traditionnel sulfate d'aluminium (alumen) et un biopolymère naturel appellé Moringa oleífera. Les eaux superficielles chargées sont formées essentiellement d'une suspension naturelle de goethite, hematite, kaolinite et quartz, qui présente une charge superficielle nette positive dans les conditions de pH de l'étude. Le sulfate d'aluminium a fournit de bons résultats lors des essais de coagulation des suspensions riche en oxydes de fer. Les mécanismes de coagulation/ flocula-tion, responsable de la baisse de la turbidité des suspensions traitées, ont été étudiés. Il semblerait qu'une première étape d'adsorption spécifique des produits de l'hydrolyse des sels d'aluminium sur la surface des oxydes, soit ensuite suivie par un processus d'hétérocoagulation entre des parti-cules portant des charges opposées. Pourtant, depuis les années 1970, l'aluminium est soupçonné d'être responsable de cancers et de maladies neurologiques telles que les maladies d'Alzheimer et de Parkinson. Moringa oleifera est un coagulant naturel extrait des graines d'un arbre bien adapté au climat du Nord et du Nord-Est du Brésil, qui sont largement utilisées en Afrique afin de clarifier les eaux chargées à forte turbidité. Aucune étude, utilisant la Moringa comme coagulant d'eaux riches en oxydes de fer, n'a pour l'instant été publié. Les mécanismes mis en jeu lors de la coagulation/floculation avec cet agent naturel ont été étudiés à l'aide d'isothermes d'adsorption, par spectroscopie IR, par diffraction des rayons-X, par spectroscopie Mössbauer, par des analyses gravimétriques thermiques, par des mesures du potentiel Zeta et enfin par granulométrie laser afin de suivre l'évolution de la taille des agrégats formés. Les protéines cationiques, présentes dans les graines de Moringa oleifera et qui s'adsorbent sur les particules d'oxydes sont à l'origine de son pouvoir coagulant. Le mécanisme de réaction proposé comprend deux étapes: tout d'abord, il y a formation d'une monocouche de polymères (ou polypeptides), puis l'apparition de multicouches (dont les couches externes exposent leurs sites cationiques vers la solution) provoque la redispersion des particules déstabilisées.
- Published
- 2004
314. La gestion durable des ressources et déchets
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Maubras, Yann, Duchène, Philippe, Riant, Elisabeth, Bottero, Jean Yves, Duclos, Yves, Torquebiau, Emmanuel, and Raimbault, Georges
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Q70 - Traitement des déchets agricoles ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières - Abstract
1. Les préoccupations communautaires prioritaires, et les enjeux. Les enjeux de la gestion durable des ressources non vivantes (la problématique de ces dernières ayant été traitée en même temps que celle de la Biodiversité) se dessinent autour de cinq problématiques : !" Epuisement des ressources non renouvelables y compris les problématiques qui leur sont liées : coûts, pérennité, sécurité et indépendance des approvisionnements en matières premières / équité planétaire et stabilité géopolitique. !" Effet de serre (et changement global). !" Protection de l'environnement (impacts environnementaux) : gestion durable des ressources renouvelables (y compris celle des biens de production tel les sols agricoles, qualité des eaux, …) et des territoires (y compris les questions relatives aux écosystèmes et à la qualité des milieux - air, eau, sol ..- , la reconversion des territoires pollués, l'aménagement des sites ruraux et des sites urbains). !" Santé (impacts sanitaires). !" Recherche de solutions acceptables pour la gestion des déchets (pérennité du service), du point de vue économique et sociétal, et leur traitement, valorisation et stockage. Dans le cadre du développement durable des Pays Tiers, si les trois dernières problématiques les concernent, individuellement, au même titre que nos pays développés, celles relatives à l'épuisement des ressources non renouvelables et à l'effet de serre, qui présentent des résonances planétaires, rejoignent les nôtres et doivent donc se traiter conjointement et globalement . Les préoccupations relatives à ces problématiques sont largement prises en compte, tant au niveau national qu'européen. L'abondance des textes en témoigne : Cette abondance de textes est le reflet de la priorité donnée à l'événement par l'UE depuis une vingtaine d'années. La France est engagée dans leur application avec des échéances pressantes obligeant la communauté scientifique à dégager les concepts pour nombre de décisions opérationnelles, à court terme pour faire face ainsi qu'à plus long terme pour améliorer les réponses complexes à ces préoccupations essentielles. Si, d'une manière générale, les procédés de traitement sont " au point ", leur maîtrise dans des conditions économiques supportables en Europe, des connaissances lacunaires sur certains volets (processus, optimisation…), la maîtrise des nuisances secondaires ou nouvellement révélées, l'obtention d'un consensus social sur les filières et l'implantation d'installations spécifiques tracent les marges de progrès nécessaires. Dans certains cas, notamment celui du choix des filières de gestion de déchets solides, ou de celui du milieu de rejet à privilégier pour les effluents épurés, un éclairage scientifique et technique reste en grande partie à produire. 2. Les domaines et thèmes de recherche. Les sujets de recherche se déclinent suivant les grandes tendances observées de l'évolution du système " déchets " : !" Développement des approches préventives !" Généralisation des pratiques de recyclage !" Optimisation des filières d'élimination des déchets !" Optimisation de la logistique !" Amélioration des connaissances des déchets et des impacts de leurs filières de gestion notamment sur la santé (valorisation et élimination) !" Besoins en information et communication, pour favoriser l'identification et l'acceptation sociétale de solution de gestion (valorisation et élimination). En regard de cette matrice de lecture " horizontale " de la problématique " Recherche " on trouvera donc cidessous les 7 axes " verticaux " de recherche et développement technologique prioritaires : !" Traitements des déchets liquides individuels, collectifs et industriels, !" Filières et traitements des déchets solides, !" Les technologies de traitement, de valorisation et de stabilisation ultime des déchets, !" Maîtrise des émissions gazeuses dans la gestion des déchets (gaz à effet de serre – GES - et ammoniac), !" Consommation durable et éco conception18, !" Bio-ressouces, !" L'organisation territoriale de la gestion des déchets, 3. Les modalités de mise en OEuvre. La mise en oeuvre de ces priorités de recherche, en regard des futurs instruments du 7ème PCRD, repose sur trois piliers : !" des Plates-formes Recherche-Entreprises dont le contour, suivant l'implication des acteurs de l'industrie peut aller du réseau d'excellence à la plate-forme technologique, !" des cadres initiés par l'Union européenne et favorisant des recherches publiques technologiques et/ou organisationnelles susceptibles de réorienter profondément le système " déchets " vers le long terme, !" des infrastructures (réseaux d'observation et de surveillance) co-financés avec les fonds structurels, un soutien plus grand à la mobilité des acteurs de le recherche dans le domaine et des projets orientés vers les Pays Tiers.
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- 2004
315. Non-linear release dynamics for a CeO 2 nanomaterial embedded in a protective wood stain, due to matrix photo-degradation.
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Scifo L, Chaurand P, Bossa N, Avellan A, Auffan M, Masion A, Angeletti B, Kieffer I, Labille J, Bottero JY, and Rose J
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- Cerium chemistry, Coloring Agents radiation effects, Nanocomposites radiation effects, Nonlinear Dynamics, Ultraviolet Rays, Weather, Wood chemistry, Cerium analysis, Coloring Agents chemistry, Nanocomposites chemistry
- Abstract
The release of CeO
2 -bearing residues during the weathering of an acrylic stain enriched with CeO2 nanomaterial designed for wood protection (Nanobyk brand additive) was studied under two different scenarios: (i) a standard 12-weeks weathering protocol in climate chamber, that combined condensation, water spraying and UV-visible irradiation and (ii) an alternative accelerated 2-weeks leaching batch assay relying on the same weathering factors (water and UV), but with a higher intensity of radiation and immersion phases. Similar Ce released amounts were evidenced for both scenarios following two phases: one related to the removal of loosely bound material with a relatively limited release, and the other resulting from the degradation of the stain, where major release occurred. A non-linear evolution of the release with the UV dose was evidenced for the second phase. No stabilization of Ce emissions was reached at the end of the experiments. The two weathering tests led to different estimates of long-term Ce releases, and different degradations of the stain. Finally, the photo-degradations of the nanocomposite, the pure acrylic stains and the Nanobyk additive were compared. The incorporation of Nanobyk into the acrylic matrix significantly modified the response of the acrylic stain to weathering., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
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316. Influence of Aqueous Inorganic Anions on the Reactivity of Nanoparticles in TiO 2 Photocatalysis.
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Farner Budarz J, Turolla A, Piasecki AF, Bottero JY, Antonelli M, and Wiesner MR
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- Catalysis, Isoelectric Point, Anions chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Titanium chemistry
- Abstract
The influence of inorganic anions on the photoreactivity and aggregation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) was assessed by dosing carbonate, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate as potassium salts at multiple concentrations. NP stability was monitored in terms of aggregate morphology and electrophoretic mobility (EPM). Aggregate size and fractal dimension were measured over time by laser diffraction, and the isoelectric point (IEP) as a function of anion and concentration was obtained by measuring EPM versus pH. Phosphate, carbonate, and to a lesser extent, sulfate decreased the IEP of TiO
2 and stabilized NP suspensions owing to specific surface interactions, whereas this was not observed for nitrate and chloride. TiO2 NPs were exposed to UV-A radiation, and the photoreactivity was assessed by monitoring the production of reactive species over time both at the NP surface (photogenerated holes) and in the bulk solution (hydroxyl radicals) by observing their reactions with the selective probe compounds iodide and terephthalic acid, respectively. The generation of photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals was influenced by each inorganic anion to varying degrees. Carbonate and phosphate inhibited the oxidation of iodide, and this interaction was successfully described by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism and related to the characteristics of TiO2 aggregates. Chloride and nitrate do not specifically interact with TiO2 , and sulfate creates relatively weak interactions with the TiO2 surface such that no decrease in photogenerated hole reactivity was observed. A decrease in hydroxyl radical generation was observed for all inorganic anions. Quenching rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with each inorganic anion do not provide a comprehensive explanation for the magnitude of this decrease, which arises from the interplay of several physicochemical phenomena. This work shows that the reactivity of NPs will be strongly influenced by the makeup of the waters they are released into. The impact of anion species on hydroxyl radical inhibition was as follows: carbonate > chloride > phosphate > nitrate > sulfate.- Published
- 2017
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317. DNA damage and oxidative stress induced by CeO2 nanoparticles in human dermal fibroblasts: Evidence of a clastogenic effect as a mechanism of genotoxicity.
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Benameur L, Auffan M, Cassien M, Liu W, Culcasi M, Rahmouni H, Stocker P, Tassistro V, Bottero JY, Rose J, Botta A, and Pietri S
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- Cells, Cultured, Cerium chemistry, Colloids, Fibroblasts metabolism, Fibroblasts pathology, Humans, Mutagens chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Particle Size, Primary Cell Culture, Skin metabolism, Skin pathology, Surface Properties, Cerium toxicity, DNA Damage, Fibroblasts drug effects, Mutagens toxicity, Nanoparticles toxicity, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Skin drug effects
- Abstract
The broad range of applications of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (nano-CeO2) has attracted industrial interest, resulting in greater exposures to humans and environmental systems in the coming years. Their health effects and potential biological impacts need to be determined for risk assessment. The aims of this study were to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the genotoxic effects of nano-CeO2 in relation with their physicochemical properties. Primary human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of nano-CeO2 (mean diameter, 7 nm; dose range, 6 × 10(-5)-6 × 10(-3) g/l corresponding to a concentration range of 0.22-22 µM) and DNA damages at the chromosome level were evaluated by genetic toxicology tests and compared to that induced in cells exposed to micro-CeO2 particles (mean diameter, 320 nm) under the same conditions. For this purpose, cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay in association with immunofluorescence staining of centromere protein A in micronuclei were used to distinguish between induction of structural or numerical chromosome changes (i.e. clastogenicity or aneuploidy). The results provide the first evidence of a genotoxic effect of nano-CeO2, (while not significant with micro-CeO2) by a clastogenic mechanism. The implication of oxidative mechanisms in this genotoxic effect was investigated by (i) assessing the impact of catalase, a hydrogen peroxide inhibitor, and (ii) by measuring lipid peroxidation and glutathione status and their reversal by application of N-acetylcysteine, a precusor of glutathione synthesis in cells. The data are consistent with the implication of free radical-related mechanisms in the nano-CeO2-induced clastogenic effect, that can be modulated by inhibition of cellular hydrogen peroxide release.
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- 2015
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318. Role of molting on the biodistribution of CeO2 nanoparticles within Daphnia pulex.
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Auffan M, Bertin D, Chaurand P, Pailles C, Dominici C, Rose J, Bottero JY, and Thiery A
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- Animals, Chitin metabolism, Daphnia ultrastructure, Gastrointestinal Tract drug effects, Gastrointestinal Tract ultrastructure, Nanoparticles ultrastructure, Tissue Distribution drug effects, Water chemistry, Cerium toxicity, Daphnia drug effects, Daphnia growth & development, Environmental Monitoring, Molting drug effects, Nanoparticles toxicity
- Abstract
As all arthropods, microcrustaceans shed their chitinous exoskeleton (cuticule, peritrophic membrane) to develop and grow. While the molting is the most crucial stage in their life cycle, it remains poorly investigated in term of pollutant biodistribution within the organisms. In this paper, we used optical, electronic, and X ray-based microscopies to study the uptake and release of CeO2 nanoparticles by/from Daphnia pulex over a molting stage. We measured that D. pulex molts every 59 ± 21 h (confidence interval) with growth rates about 1.1 or 1.8 μm per stage as a function of the pieces measured. Ingestion via food chain was the main route of CeO2 nanoparticles uptake by D. pulex. The presence of algae during the exposure to nanoparticles (sub-lethal doses) enhanced by a factor of 3 the dry weight concentration of Ce on the whole D. pulex. Nanoparticles were localized in the gut content, in direct contact with the peritrophic membrane, and on the cuticle. Interestingly, the depuration (24 h with Chlorella pseudomonas) was not efficient to remove the nanoparticles from the organisms. From 40% to 100% (depending on the feeding regime during exposure) of the CeO2 taken up by D. pulex is not release after the depuration process. However, we demonstrated for the first time that the shedding of the chitinous exoskeleton was the crucial mechanism governing the released of CeO2 nanoparticles regardless of the feeding regime during exposure., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
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319. Hydration and dispersion of C60 in aqueous systems: the nature of water-fullerene interactions.
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Labille J, Masion A, Ziarelli F, Rose J, Brant J, Villiéras F, Pelletier M, Borschneck D, Wiesner MR, and Bottero JY
- Abstract
The nature of fullerene-water interactions and the role that they play in the fate of C60 in aqueous systems is poorly understood. This work provides spectroscopic evidence for the surface hydroxylation of the initially hydrophobic C60 molecule when immersed in water. This mechanism appears to be the basis for stabilizing the hydrophilic nC60 aggregates in suspension. It is remarkable that such a chemical transformation and dispersion are achieved under mild conditions that are readily produced in an aquatic environment. This acquired affinity for water is likely to play a subsequent role in the reactivity, mobility, and bioavailability of fullerenes in aqueous media.
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- 2009
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320. New combination of EXAFS spectroscopy and density fractionation for the speciation of chromium within an andosol.
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Doelsch E, Basile-Doelsch I, Rose J, Masion A, Borschneck D, Hazemann JL, Macary HS, and Bottero JY
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- Chromium analysis, Soil Pollutants analysis, Chromium classification, Spectrum Analysis methods
- Abstract
Studying speciation of heavy metals instead of their total concentration in a complex matrix such as soil is a scientific challenge that requires a combination of different analytical techniques. We compared the speciation of Cr within an andosol (island of Réunion) by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and sequential extraction. Contradictory results were obtained since the fraction of Cr bound to organic matter was detected only with the latter method. As bulk soil is rather complex, its fractionation by a densimetric method decreased its heterogeneity. We found that 60% Cr was within chromite-type primary minerals. Weathering of these phases led to Fe and Cr release, eventually resulting in either coprecipitation as mixed FeCr oxyhydroxide (16% total Cr) or precipitation of a Cr oxyhydroxide (5% total Cr). Our results also revealed that 13% Cr was bound to organic matter. The organic matter was complexed with mineral phases to form organomineral complexes with a density ranging from 1.9 to 2.6. The use of an original density fractionation-based sample preparation allowed identification of the role of organic matter in chromium speciation within an andosol and to overcome the difficulties of EXAFS to detect light elements in the vicinity of heavy elements.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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