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Cartometric evaluation is part of the cartographic generalization process and can indicate which operator should be applied and which features should be generalized. Those decisions are based on the occurrence of geometric conditions and spatial and holistic measures. Those aspects can be understood as legibility and visibility problems, and this knowledge can be described as rules of an expert system. The automation of cartographic generalization is a challenge partly because of subjective decisions made during the process. Cartometric evaluation show this subjectivity. The formalization and automated identification of the representation problems can make this process more holistic and less dependent on human control and influence and, therefore, more efficient. The objective of this paper is to present a method for developing a cartometric evaluation for topographic maps at 1:5000 derived from 1:2000 scale that is appropriate for the Brazilian landscape. Our approach consists of designing an expert system based on a decision tree. We present the first results of the expert system developed using ArcGIS and its application ModelBuilder to detect automatically map representation problems.

For the last decades, natural fibers have been used as reinforcement of friendly environmental polymeric composites, due to their technical, economical and environmental advantages that include: moderate mechanical and thermal properties. However, the OH groups in some of their chemical structures like cellulose, reduce the compatibility with hydrophobic polymeric matrices such as polyolefines. Natural fiber, usually are exposed to chemical and physical treatment to reduce their hydrophilic tendency and to enhance fiber/matrix adhesion. Alkalinization, alkali treatment or mercerization, is one of the most common procedures applied on natural fibers. This process introduces important changes on its mechanical properties, physical and morphological characteristics, and chemical composition. In spite of other studies, it is necessary define surface treatment conditions in accordance with industrial processing and environmental considerations. In this study, the influence of different alkali treatment conditions on the fique fiber tensile behavior has been evaluated. Treatment parameters as solution concentration, exposure time and dry conditions have been analyzed. Fourier transformation infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) analysis, atomic force (AFM) and optical microscopies have been used to evaluate alteration on chemical and morphological characteristics. Treatment conditions that include low solution concentration bring a good enough quality in the mechanical behavior required by fique fiber bundles as polymeric reinforcementDesde hace un par de décadas, las fibras naturales son en una importante alternativa como refuerzo de materiales compuestos reciclables e incluso biodegradagables. Pese a combinar ventajas técnicas, económicas y ambientales, su carácter hidrofílico es su principal barrera al incorporarlas en matrices poliméricas hidrofóbicas como las poliolefinas. Algunas modificaciones superficiales de carácter físico y químico, se han empleando en las fibras. Estos tratamientos a la par que reducen la tendencia hidrofílica, mejoran el desempeño de la interfase fibra/matriz. El tratamiento alcalino o mercerización se considera uno de los más importantes. Pese a los estudios que se han realizado sobre este proceso, persiste la necesidad de definir condiciones de aplicación para este tratamiento que brinden una adecuada combinación de desempeño mecánico con un reducido impacto sobre el medio ambiente a costos razonables. En el presente trabajo, se reporta una apropiada condición de tratamiento alcalino que equilibra bajas concentraciones de hidróxido de sodio con un buen comportamiento mecánico. Los parámetros considerados son: concentración de la solución, tiempo de exposición y tipo de secado. La espectroscopia infrarroja FTIR, la microscopía óptica (OM) y de fuerza atómica (AFM) indican que aún en estas condiciones de tratamiento la fibra experimenta cambios sobre su estructura y comportamiento

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an extracellular polymer produced by many microorganisms. The Komagataeibacter genus is the best producer using semi-synthetic media and agricultural wastes. The main advantages of BC are the nanoporous structure, high water content and free hydroxyl groups. Modification of BC can be made by two strategies: in-situ, during the BC production, and ex-situ after BC purification. In bioprocesses, multilayer BC nanocomposites can contain biocatalysts designed to be suitable for outside to inside cell activities. These nanocomposites biocatalysts can (i) increase productivity in bioreactors and bioprocessing, (ii) provide cell activities does not possess without DNA cloning and (iii) provide novel nano-carriers for cell inside activity and bioprocessing. In nanomedicine, BC matrices containing therapeutic molecules can be used for pathologies like skin burns, and implantable therapeutic devices. In nanoelectronics, semiconductors BC-based using salts and synthetic polymers brings novel films showing excellent optical and photochemical properties. Fil: Cacicedo, Maximiliano Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Castro, M. Cristina. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; Colombia Fil: Servetas, Ioannis. University of Patras; Grecia Fil: Bosnea, Loulouda. University of Patras; Grecia Fil: Boura, Konstantina. University of Patras; Grecia Fil: Tsafrakidou, Panagiota. University of Patras; Grecia Fil: Dima, Agapi. University of Patras; Grecia Fil: Terpou, Antonia. University of Patras; Grecia Fil: Koutinas, Athanasios. University of Patras; Grecia Fil: Castro, Guillermo Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina

Observando o pano de fundo da conjuntura nacional actual preenchido por instabilidades e inquietações sociais, culturais e políticas, o design enfrenta um novo desafio. Desafio esse que possibilita um recentrar na crítica, na acção, na produção e experimentação, e no ascendente sobre o medo e submissão. Desta forma, na presente dissertação está proposto um plano resistente e libertário, uma forma de discussão activa: a estratégia de guerrilha como elemento integrante daquilo que é o fluxo do design gráfico contemporâneo.

Este projeto de pesquisa foi desenvolvido visando quantificar possíveis distúrbios de vazão em emissores gotejadores submetidos à aplicação de ferro solúvel, sólidos em suspensão (partículas de solo) em águas contendo material orgânico (fitoplâncton/algas), com o orifício dos emissores posicionados para baixo e para cima. Foram realizados dois experimentos A e B em um período de 12 meses, utilizando-se 16 modelos de tubos gotejadores novos e 26 modelos de tubos gotejadores em uso, com suas respectivas linhas gotejadoras montadas em uma bancada de ensaios em estrutura metálica localizada no Laboratório de Irrigação, da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - ESALQ/USP. No experimento A realizou-se 4 tratamentos (T1, T2, T3 e T4), divididos em duas fases, onde na fase 1 avaliou-se a susceptibilidade de diferentes tubos gotejadores ao entupimento por ferro solúvel via duas qualidades de água de irrigação (com e sem carga orgânica) e na fase 2, avaliou-se a susceptibilidade de diferentes tubos gotejadores ao entupimento por aplicação de ferro solúvel, carga orgânica (fitoplâncton/algas) e sólidos em suspensão, com os emissores posicionados para cima e para baixo, ainda na fase 2 aplicou-se uma solução concentrada, nos tratamentos T1 e T4, com uma relação de 1:30, diretamente nos tubos gotejadores, sem passar por filtragem, este procedimento fora adotado com o objetivo de simular a quantidade de material sedimentado numa linha de tubos gotejadores instalada em campo, de aproximadamente 300 metros. No experimento B, foram realizados dois tratamentos (T5 e T6) onde se avaliou a susceptibilidade de diferentes tubos gotejadores em uso ao entupimento por ferro solúvel, carga orgânica (fitoplâncton/algas) e sólidos suspensos (partículas de solo). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com utilização dos testes F para análise de variância e Tuckey, a 5% de significância, para comparação de médias. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a aplicação de sólidos em suspensão e elevado teor de ferro, sem passar por filtragem (tratamentos T1 e T4/Fase2/experimento A) intensificaram o processo de entupimento e que a adição de partículas de solo aos tratamentos, passando pelo sistema de filtragem (T2 e T3/Fase 2/experimento A), não potencializou mudanças significativas do cenário de suscetibilidade ao entupimento na grande maioria dos diferentes modelos de tubos gotejadores. O posicionamento para baixo dos orifícios dos emissores foi o que demonstrou maior suceptibilidade ao entupimento. Nos ensaios realizados no experimento A os modelos A, C e L foram os que apresentaram um melhor desempenho, mantendo suas vazões praticamente constante mesmo quando submetidos aos tratamentos mais agressivos (tratamentos T1 e T4/Fase2/experimento A). Os tratamentos realizados no experimento A mostraram que os modelos E, F, G e P foram os que sofreram maiores percentuais de obstrução. Os modelos E e F também apresentaram o pior desempenho quando submetidos aos ensaios realizados tratamento T5 (hidróxido de ferro + água LAB) do experimento B. This research project was developed to quantify possible disturbances of flow rate in drip emitters subject to the application of soluble iron, suspended solids (soil particles) in water containing organic material (phytoplankton / algae), with emitters outlet positioned down and up. Two experiments were carried out A and B during 12 months period, using 16 models of new drip tubes and 26 models of used drip tubes. The tests were conducted on a bench test located at the Irrigation and Drainage Laboratory of the University of Sao Paulo (ESALQ / USP). Experiment A implemented 4 treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) in two phases: in phase 1 it was evaluated the susceptibility of different drip tube to clogging by soluble iron under two water qualities (with and without organic load) and in phase 2 it was assessed the susceptibility of different drip tube for clogging by the application of soluble iron, organic load (phytoplankton / algae) and suspended solids with emitters outlet positioned up and down, still in phase 2 it was applied a concentrated solution in T1 and T4, with a concentration relation 1:30, directly to drip tubes, without passing through the filter, this procedure was adopted to simulate the amount of material sedimented in a lateral line of drip tubes installed in the field, of approximately 300 meters. Experiment B carried out two treatments (T5 and T6) which evaluated the susceptibility of different used drip tube for clogging by soluble iron, organic load (phytoplankton / algae) and suspended solids (soil particles). The experimental design was completely randomized, with the test \"F\" for variance analysis and Tuckey test at 5% of significance to comparison of means. The results showed that applying suspended solids and high content of iron, without passing through the filtering system (T1 and T4/Fase 2/experiment A) intensified the clogging process and the addition of soil particles to treatments through the filtering system (T2 and T3/Fase 2/experiment A) presented no significant change in the scenario of the most different types of drip tubes tested. The positioning of emitters outlet down was more susceptible to clogging. The treatments performed in experiment A showed that the models A, C and L presented the better performance, maintaining their nearly constant flow rate even when subjected to more aggressive treatments (T1 and T4/Fase 2/experiment A). The treatments implemented in experiment A showed that the models E, F, G and P were those that suffered more obstruction. Models E and F also showed the worst performance when subjected to the tests T5 treatment (iron hydroxide + water LAB) of the experiment B.

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a neurological disease characterized by calcium phosphate deposits in the basal ganglia and other brain regions and has thus far been associated with SLC20A2, PDGFB or PDGFRB mutations. We identified in multiple families with PFBC mutations in XPR1, a gene encoding a retroviral receptor with phosphate export function. These mutations alter phosphate export, implicating XPR1 and phosphate homeostasis in PFBC. Lung GO Sequencing Project Lung GO Sequencing Project Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Sequencing Project Broad GO Sequencing Project Seattle GO Sequencing Project Heart GO Sequencing Project United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS) Association Francaise contre les Myopathies Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer (Comite de l'Herault) Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale FEDER European Union Languedoc-Roussillon grant National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Informatics Center for Neurogenetics and Neurogenomics Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale Institut National du Cancer (INCA) France Labex GR-Ex Labex EpiGenMed French National Research Agency (ANR) Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) European Commission Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) INNOPHARMA project MINECO-USC Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS) University Hospital of Rouen French CNR-MAJ United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)

The central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) contain factors that inhibit axon regeneration, including myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), the Nogo protein, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). They also contain factors that promote axon regeneration, such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Axon regeneration into and within the CNS fails because the balance of factor favors inhibiting regeneration, while in the PNS, the balance of factor favors promoting regeneration. The balance of influences in the CNS can be shifted toward promoting axon regeneration by eliminating the regeneration-inhibiting factors, overwhelming them with regeneration-promoting factors, or making axon growth cones non-receptive to regeneration-inhibiting factors. The present in vitro experiments, using adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, were designed to determine whether the regeneration-inhibiting influences of Schwann cell CSPG are mediated via Schwann cell membrane contact with the DRG neuron cell body or their growth cones. The average longest neurite of neurons in cell body contact with Schwann cells was 7.4-fold shorter than those of neurons without Schwann cell-neuron cell body contact (naked neurons), and the neurites showed substrate specificity, growing only on the Schwann cell membranes and not extending onto the laminin substrate. The neurites of naked neurons showed no substrate specificity and extended over the laminin substrate, as well as onto and off the Schwann cells. After digesting the Schwann cell CSPG with the enzyme C-ABC, neurons in cell body contact with Schwann cells extended neurites the same length as those of naked neurons, and their neurites showed no substrate selectivity. Further, the neurites of naked neurons were not longer than those of naked neurons not exposed to C-ABC. These data indicate that the extent of neurite outgrowth from adult rat DRG neurons and substrate specificity of their growth cone is mediated via contact between the Schwann cell membrane-bound CSPG and the DRG neuron cell body and not with their growth cones. Further, there was no apparent influence of diffusible or substrate-bound CSPG on neurite outgrowth. These results show that eliminating the CSPG of Schwann cells in contact with the cell body of DRG neurons eliminates the sensitivity of their growth cones to the CSPG-induced outgrowth inhibition. This may in turn allow the axons of these neurons to regenerate through the dorsal roots and into the spinal cord.

Objetivos: Dado que a literatura salienta o impacto da vinculação e do comportamento parental nos comportamentos de bullying, temos como objetivo estudar os comportamentos de bullying, de visibilidade crescente em adolescentes no contexto escolar, e a sua relação com a qualidade da vinculação e os estilos educativos parentais. Método: A amostra deste estudo envolveu 50 adolescentes, 26 raparigas e 24 rapazes, com idades entre os 12 e os 17 anos (M = 14,24). O protocolo foi composto por: Questionário de Exclusão Social e Violência Escolar (QEVE), Inventário de Vinculação na Adolescência (IPPA) e A Parental Rearing Style Questionnaire for use with Adolescents (EMBU-A). Resultados: Os adolescentes da nossa amostra tendem a ser mais observadores em situações de bullying, sendo os tipos de violência mais frequentes a exclusão social e a agressão verbal. As vítimas de bullying são mais frequentemente jovens de nível socioeconómico baixo e as raparigas são mais observadoras de exclusão social e agressão verbal do que os rapazes. No que respeita à vinculação, os jovens com mais comportamentos agressivos percecionam menor comunicação e confiança em relação ao pai e aos amigos e quando se sentem alienados face aos seus pares, estão mais sujeitos a serem vítimas de bullying. Por fim, relativamente aos estilos educativos parentais, os adolescentes mais agressivos tendem a ser os que sentem maior rejeição e menor suporte emocional maternos. Conclusões: Fica, então, sublinhada a importância para os comportamentos de bullying dos estilos educativos parentais e da qualidade da vinculação dos jovens com as figuras significativas. Estas conclusões remetem-nos para implicações ao nível da prevenção deste fenómeno, sendo importante não só considerar variáveis individuais, mas também como o sujeito interage em todos os seus sistemas de pertença, focando a construção de relações afetivas. / Aims: Since current literature highlights the impact of attachment and parental conduct in bullying behaviors in the school environment, a phenomenon with increasing visibility, we have assessed its relationship to the quality of attachment and parental rearing styles, in adolescents. Method: The sample involved 50 adolescents, 26 girls and 24 boys, from the 7th to 9th grades, aged between 12 and 17 years old (M=14,24). The protocol comprised the: Social Exclusion and School Violence Questionnaire (QEVE), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), and A Parental Rearing Style Questionnaire for use with Adolescents (EMBU-A). Results: Adolescents in our sample tend to assume the “observer” role in bullying situations, and the more prevalent type of violence is social exclusion and verbal abuse. The most frequent victims of bullying are adolescents of lower socioeconomic status, and girls are more observers of social exclusion and verbal aggression than boys. In what concerns attachment, adolescents exhibiting more aggressive behaviors perceive lower communication and trust to the father and friends, and when they feel alienated from their peers, adolescents tend to be more exposed to bullying victimization. Finally, data on parental rearing styles suggest that the most aggressive teenagers are those who feel more rejection and less maternal emotional support. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance to bullying behaviors of parental rearing styles and quality of attachment towards significant others. These conclusions have implications at the prevention level, where it is important, not only to consider individual variables, but also to understand how the subject interacts in all the social systems he belongs to, and on the construction of affective relationships.

Background and Aim Critically ill survivors may have functional impairments even five years after hospital discharge. To date there are four systematic reviews suggesting a beneficial impact for mobilisation in mechanically ventilated and intensive care unit (ICU) patients, however there is limited information about the influence of timing, frequency and duration of sessions. Earlier mobilisation during ICU stay may lead to greater benefits. This study aims to determine the effect of early rehabilitation for functional status in ICU/high-dependency unit (HDU) patients. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINALH, PEDro, Cochrane Library, AMED, ISI web of science, Scielo, LILACS and several clinical trial registries were searched for randomised and non-randomised clinical trials of rehabilitation compared to usual care in adult patients admitted to an ICU/HDU. Results were screened by two independent reviewers. Primary outcome was functional status. Secondary outcomes were walking ability, muscle strength, quality of life, and healthcare utilisation. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment using the PEDro scale was performed by primary reviewer and checked by two other reviewers. The authors of relevant studies were contacted to obtain missing data. Results 5733 records were screened. Seven articles were included in the narrative synthesis and six in the meta-analysis. Early rehabilitation had no significant effect on functional status, muscle strength, quality of life, or healthcare utilisation. However, early rehabilitation led to significantly more patients walking without assistance at hospital discharge (risk ratio 1.42; 95% CI 1.17-1.72). There was a non-significant effect favouring intervention for walking distance and incidence of ICU-acquired weakness. Conclusions Early rehabilitation during ICU stay was not associated with improvements in functional status, muscle strength, quality of life or healthcare utilisation outcomes, although it seems to improve walking ability compared to usual care. Results from ongoing studies may provide more data on the potential benefits of early rehabilitation in critically ill patients.

A cactácea pitaia, rica em nutrientes, ácidos graxos essenciais e antioxidante, apresenta vida de prateleira entre 6 a 8 dias, ao qual dificulta sua exportação. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características químicas e bioquímicas durante o armazenamento dos frutos com aplicação de revestimentos comestíveis e refrigeração. Os frutos foram selecionados quanto a injúrias e danos físicos, lavados e higienizados. A aplicação dos tratamentos foi realizada com gelatina e fécula, seguido de refrigeração em temperaturas de 8 ºC e 13 ºC. Os frutos foram armazenados durante 25 dias e avaliados quanto à açúcares totais e redutores (%), compostos fenólicos (AGE/mg), atividade antioxidante (% DPPH) e coloração. Os tratamentos aplicados não demonstraram influência sob os parâmetros avaliados. As temperaturas de refrigeração influenciaram na manutenção da qualidade dos frutos durante o período armazenado. O resultado da melhor temperatura para conservação dos frutos foi à 8 ºC.

O objetivo foi testar duas formulações de esfirra integral, uma com adição de aveia e outra sem adição de aveia, ambas com recheio de proteína texturizada de soja, além de realizar a pesquisa de mercado, identificar a porção recomendada, o valor calórico, o índice de aceitação e a análise sensorial. A análise sensorial foi realizada com 117 provadores não treinados, os atributos avaliados foram aroma, sabor, textura, aparência global e intenção de compra. O índice de aceitação para as duas formulações de esfirras foi maior que 70%, sendo que não foi observada a rejeição dos produtos avaliados. A composição centesimal demonstrou esfirras com bom aporte protéico e de fibra alimentar. Estudos sobre esfirras integrais são escassos, e este estudo demonstrou a oportunidade da junção de ingredientes com alegação funcional, os quais apresentam tanto aplicabilidade na fabricação dos produtos quanto benefício aos consumidores.

This article aimed to verify the opinions of health professionals who are looking for distance learning courses offered by distance learning. In order to do so, a case study was carried out in 2017 at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), specifically in a course offered in the distance modality by the Nursing School: “Specialization Course Pedagogical Training in Professional Education in the Health Area : Nursing “(CEFPEPE). The data collection instrument was a questionnaire made available online for the former students who had taken the offered course. The results show the nurses' concern about their permanent and continuous training to better serve the population. It was also realized that distance education contributes to health in Brazil, allowing professionals who are far from the metropolis and / or who do not have time to attend in-class course to undertake training. In addition, having access to new knowledge might improve the professional performance.

This article sets out to highlight several forms of student’ and teacher’ discourse within the context of digital training courses. This is based upon a comparative analysis of the methodologies used in three research contexts and in three distinct geographical contexts (French studies, Franco-German studies and Brazilian studies). Beginning with methodological set-ups unique to each research context (interviews carried out with teachers, on-line feedback forms sent to every student and the tracking of student forum activity) as well as distinct conceptual frameworks stemming from didactics, professional didactics, pedagogy and enunciative theories, we have singled out discourses. Firstly, these reveal the evolution of current teacher professionalization as well as that of future teachers. Equally concerned is the profession of trainer that is now synonymous with that of a course designer. Secondly, we have assessed the dialectic relationships between the established digital practices and the representation of educational and learning content for the students.

Assuming that internationalization can be a determining factor for companies, in the service sector, to perceive innovation as central element for development, this article aims to determine how the relationship between service innovation and international performance takes place. Based on a theoretical framework regarding the concepts of internationalization and service innovation, a model was constructed to summarize the relationship between factors that constitute these concepts, such as: international performance, service innovation, international experience, international expertise, organizational capacity, and relational capacity, the company's ability to use new information and communication technologies. A survey was designed considering the indicators of these factors, which were evaluated on a Likert scale of 5 points. The sample, taken from the Frenche database Altars and after multiple selections, was comprised of 51 companies. The method used for data processing, Partial Least Square (PLS), revealed a relationship between innovation and international performance of the enterprises studied. Partindo do pressuposto que a internacionalização pode ser um fator determinante para que as empresas, no setor de serviço, percebam a inovação como primordial para o desenvolvimento, este artigo tem como objetivo determinar como se dá a relação entre a inovação de serviços e o desempenho internacional de empresas de serviços. Com base em marco teórico desenvolvido a partir de teorias de internacionalização e inovação de serviços, foi construído um modelo sobre as relações entre estes fatores, incluindo as seguintes variáveis: desempenho internacional, inovação de serviço, experiência internacional, competência internacional, capacidade organizacional, capacidade relacional e capacidade da empresa de utilizar as novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação. O questionário utilizado para a coleta dos dados foi construído a partir dos indicadores desses fatores e avaliado em uma escala Likert de 5 itens. A amostra, retirada de banco de dados francês Altares e após várias seleções, foi constituída por 51 empresas. O método utilizado para tratamento dos dados, o Partial Least Square (PLS), revelou uma relação entre inovação e o desempenho internacional das empresas estudadas.

As malformações congénitas pulmonares constituem uma situação rara. O objectivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as malformações congénitas pulmonares diagnosticadas entre 1993 a 1996 na Unidade de Pneumologia do Departamento de Pediatria do Hospital de São João. Foi feita a análise retrospectiva dos processos clínicos, com a avaliação dos seguintes parâmetros: sexo, idade de início da sintomatologia, apresentação clínica, meios complementares de estudo, diagnóstico, tratamento e evolução. Observaram-se 14 casos de malformações congénitas pulmonares: sequestro intralobar (n=3), enfisema lobar congénito (n=2), adenomatose pulmonar quística tipo I (n=2), hipoplasia pulmonar (n=3), agenesia do lobo inferior esquerdo (n=1), aplasia do lobo superior direito (n=1), quistos pulmonares (n=1) e quistos broncogénicos (n=1). Aproximadamente metade das crianças iniciou a sintomatologia no período neonatal, sendo a dificuldade respiratória a forma clínica mais comum. Em grande parte das situações o diagnóstico foi confirmado por radiografia pulmonar e tomografia axial computorizada. O tratamento foi cirúrgico em 10 das malformações. A evolução foi favorável na maioria dos casos., Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics, Vol 29 No 6 (1998)

Tourism may be regarded today as the biggest industry of the world and ecotourism is a branch of this industry that grows around 20% per year. Brazil is known for providing the highest number of attractions for all profiles of ecotourist and conditions for the most diverse forms of ecotourism. In this context there are few studies on Lagoa do Portinho in the Parnaiba Delta, in the state of Piaui. The objective of this study was to evalute the infrastructure, touristics attractions and identify positive and negative impacts on local tourism. A descriptive study of local resources was developed, where the seek for details was made by questioning and remarks. The results showed that the region has good infrastructure 54.28% and 42.85% of those surveyed reported seeing as good the offer of tourists attractions. However, 38.57% reported that the cleaning and disposing of garbage was merely regular. Therefore we concluded that the region is able to receiving tourists, it offers good options for leisure and satisfactory infrastructure. However is required investiments for proper disposal of garbage.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) with different morphologies was biosynthesized by Gluconacetobacter medellinensis strain under static and dynamic culture conditions using sugar cane juice and pineapple residues as sources of carbon and other nutrients. Hestrin and Schramm's standard culture medium was used as reference. The fermentation condition and resulting yield, physico-chemical properties, and morphology relationships of obtained cellulose were analyzed. Pineapple agroindustrial residues can be envisaged as an inexpensive and sustainable alternative resource for the production of different BC morphologies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41237.

A photo-identification study of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) was conducted between 1996 and 1999 in the Machalilla National Park off mainland Ecuador. This paper compares the results obtained with those from known breeding grounds for humpback whales to determine whether the area represents a breeding area for this species. Factors considered included: seasonality in abundance; population structure (including cow-calf pairs and escort whales) in the breeding area; presence of singers; and occupancy and residence times. It is concluded that the area does represent a breeding ground but the relationship of the animals using this area with those using other areas of the eastern tropical Pacific (and the Antarctic feeding grounds) requires further work. The paper also presents a preliminary estimate of abundance (405, 95%CI 221-531) for the years 1998/1999 using the Chapman-modified Peterson method.

Nanocomposites showing superparamagnetic properties have been synthesized from imine polymers. The method for the production of the nanocomposites is very simple. The imine polymer reacts with a metal salt and the product is dried. Apparently, the reaction of polymer grains with a metal solution takes place by a surface reaction mechanism. Metal hydroxides precipitate within the polymer matrix without addition of a base or of an oxidizer since the polymer imine groups provide a basic medium. The metal oxides are formed through hydrolysis of the metal hydroxides when drying. The method works the best for imine polymers with a flexible chain and no hydrophobic branches. Several iron and cobalt salts, as well as a manganese salt, have been used in the procedure. The effect of the solvent and of the metal salt counterion on the procedure has been studied.

Avocado (Persea americana Miller) is one of the fruit trees that have been gaining interest among producers and consumers. There is a wide variety of avocados, among which we can cite: 'Prince', 'Hass', 'Ouro Verde', 'Fuerte', 'Choquette', 'Manteiga', 'Breda' and 'Margarida'. Avocado is a very energetic fruit, rich in vitamins A, B, C and E and phenolic compounds, therefore, being provided with high antioxidant activity. Since it is a climacteric fruit, its shelf-life is short, thus, there is a high production loss in postharvest. In order to decrease this loss, some alternative techniques are used, such as, wax, irradiation, biofilms and refrigeration. In this work, we evaluated characteristics of fruits of cultivars 'Breda', 'Choquette' and 'Ouro Verde', covered with Chitosan 2% and manioc starch 2%, stored under refrigeration at 13ºC (± 1ºC, RH 80%). The fruits were submitted to analysis of color, pH, total titratable acidity, soluble solids, antioxidant activity, determination of lipids and phenolic compounds. From the results, we could observe that the use of biofilms was efficient for all cultivars, being that the best response for manioc starch 2% was cultivar 'Ouro Verde' and for Chitosan 2%, were cultivars 'Breda' and 'Choquette'. Under these conditions, the fruits maintained their quality for a period of 15 days.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V3201402415

The Positions on Nursing Diagnosis (PND) is a scale that uses the semantic differential technique to measure nurses' attitudes towards the nursing diagnosis concept. The aim of this study was to develop a shortened form of the Spanish version of this scale and evaluate its psychometric properties and efficiency. A double theoretical-empirical approach was used to obtain a short form of the PND, the PND-7-SV, which would be equivalent to the original. Using a cross-sectional survey design, the reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), construct (exploratory factor analysis, known-groups technique and discriminant validity) and criterion-related validity (concurrent validity), sensitivity to change and efficiency of the PND-7-SV were assessed in a sample of 476 Spanish nursing students. The results endorsed the utility of the PND-7-SV to measure attitudes toward nursing diagnosis in an equivalent manner to the complete form of the scale and in a shorter time.

We report the case of a 29-year old female who was evaluated because of a thyroid tumor. The initial pathological classification was an insular thyroid carcinoma. There was strong involvement in the neck, mediastinum and lungs. Three years after receiving specific therapy for her thyroid neoplasia, she developed a Cushing syndrome and liver lesions suggestive of metastases from the primary tumor. A review of the previous pathological material revealed a medullary thyroid carcinoma producing ACTH, instead of the insular carcinoma. Based on this case a review of the literature is presented. RESUMEN: Se describe el caso de una paciente evaluada a los 29 años por un tumor tiroideo, clasificado inicialmente como un carcinoma insular de tiroides; presentaba gran compromiso tumoral en cuello, mediastino y pulmones. Tres años después de recibir tratamiento específico para su neoplasia tiroidea, desarrolló un síndrome de Cushing y lesiones hepáticas sugestivas de metástasis del tumor primario. Al revisar la patología se encontró, en lo que inicialmente se había clasificado como un carcinoma insular, un carcinoma medular de tiroides productor de hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH). Con base en este caso, se presenta una revisión de la literatura médica sobre el tema.

Chitosan films reinforced with bacterial cellulose (BC) nanoribbons were studied to understand the influence of acid (acetic and lactic acids) on the reinforcing effect. For both acids, the maximum concentration of the reinforcing constituent was 5 wt% with respect to the dry weight of chitosan. The infrared spectra, mechanical properties, morphology and antimicrobial activity of the films were analyzed. The results showed a difference between the acids in their behavior and effect on the reinforcement, with a tensile strength of 12.3 MPa for the acetic acid films and 3.3 MPa for the lactic acid films. Additionally, the bacterial inhibition tests were shown to be positive for the lactic acid films and negative for the acetic acid films. Therefore, exchanging the acid used in these films may be desirable for certain applications.

An important physical parameter used to characterize the adhesive properties of the coating formulation is the surface free energy (SFE), which is a key parameter of the wetting capacity of a food surface. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of the concentrations of gelatin (0.6–2 g/100 mL), glycerol (10–20 g/100 g) and nanofiber cellulose (1–5 g/100 g) on the wettability of gelatin-based edible coatings on banana and eggplant epicarps, and apply the response surface method to optimize the coating formulation. The SFE of banana and eggplant epicarp was calculated by Zisman plot and acid-base methods. Spreading coefficients of the coating formulations were determined on both epicarps. Banana epicarp was more hydrophilic than eggplant epicarp, but both surfaces are a low-energy surfaces and slightly bipolar. The cohesive energy of the coating formulations was influenced significantly by gelatin and cellulose nanofiber concentrations. For both epicarps, addition of glycerol and cellulose nanofibers enhanced the wetting of coating formulations based on gelatin. The best formulations in which the spreading coefficient of coating formulations on banana and eggplant epicarps reached a maximum of −22.44 mN m−1 and −32.95 mN m−1, respectively.

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito Administrativo, A (in)existência de Apoio Judiciário na Arbitragem Administrativa: o Direito de Acesso à Tutela Jurisdicional Efetiva? Este trabalho resume-se à consciencialização de que o fenómeno da desjudicialização da justiça, operada pelos ADR, e em concreto a arbitragem administrativa, é apontada como um fator de numerosas vantagens. A arbitragem é um meio jurisdicional de resolução de litígios, com uma existência milenar e que, atualmente, se assume como um mecanismo em extensão, acreditamos mesmo de que é uma realidade com futuro, no entanto, ainda imperfeita e algumas contendas que têm levantado controvérsia. Os Tribunais arbitrais têm uma natureza jurídica mista, pois nascem de um acordo de vontades, mas exercem uma função jurisdicional, não são órgãos de soberania, no entanto têm dignidade constitucional, administrando a justiça em nome do povo. Para além da dignidade constitucional que lhe é inerente, a arbitragem, articulada com outros modos alternativos de resolução de conflitos, poderá ser um instrumento de grande valia. Há mesmo quem defenda que certos conflitos parecem especialmente vocacionados para soluções de tipo arbitral, nomeadamente, relativos a contratos e à responsabilidade da administração, os litígios de natureza acentuadamente técnica e mesmo casos no exercício de poderes discricionários da administração. Apesar destas considerações, o nosso estudo pretende aprofundar a inexistência do instituto do apoio judiciário para o acesso aos tribunais arbitrais, questionando-nos sobre uma possível violação ao direito de acesso ao direito e a uma tutela jurisdicional efetiva, consagrado no art. 20.º da CRP. Reportando-nos às instâncias internacionais, será que a falta de patrocínio judiciário nos tribunais administrativos, não comportará uma violação ao princípio do processo equitativo, consagrado no art.6º da CEDH e densificado pela jurisprudência do TEDH. O estudo que levamos a cabo passa inevitavelmente pela jurisprudência do nosso ordenamento jurídico, relevando para o caso o TC. No momento certo, tentaremos responder à questão, se de facto, “A (in)existência de Apoio Judiciário na Arbitragem Administrativa: o Direito de Acesso à Tutela Jurisdicional Efetiva? Sem prejuízo de propor algumas soluções para a lacuna que se nos afigura existir., The (In)existence of Legal Aid in the Administrative Arbitration: the Right of Access Jurisdictional Effective Trusteeship? This work comes down to the realization that the phenomenon of lessening of the jurisdiction in justice, operated by ADR, and in particular the administrative arbitration, is suggested as a factor of numerous advantages. Arbitration is a legal means of dispute resolution, with a millenary existence and that, currently, it is assumed as an extension mechanism, we believe that it is a reality in the future, however, still imperfect and some disputes that have raised controversy. Arbitral courts have a mixed legal nature, as born of a meeting of the minds, but exercising a judicial function, are no sovereign bodies, however have constitutional dignity, administering justice on behalf of the people. Beyond the constitutional dignity that is inherent, arbitration combined with other alternative modes of dispute resolution, can be an instrument of great value. Some even argue that certain conflicts seem especially geared for arbitration solutions kind, including for procurement and management responsibility, disputes markedly technique and even cases in the exercise of discretionary powers of nature management. Nevertheless, it is reiterated that there is a need that arbitration based by purely economic factors, but giving it the necessary legislative basis for the activity developed in the arbitration has the same dignity that the state courts. Despite these considerations, our study aims to deepen the absence of the institute of legal aid for access to arbitral courts, questioning us about a possible violation of the right of access and the right to effective judicial protection, enshrined in art.20 of the ECHR and the case law of the ECtHR densified. The study we have conducted inevitably passes through the case law of our legal system, pointing to the TC case. In the right time, we will try to answer the question, if in fact, “(In)existence of Legal Aid Administrative Arbitration: the Right of Access Jurisdictional Effective Trsteeship?” Without prejudice to propose some solutions to the gap that seems to exist.

Composite materials are produced using thermoplastic starch reinforced with cellulose microfibrils. The cellulose microfibrils are isolated from two different sources and their reinforcement capacity was evaluated. Vegetable cellulose (VC) microfibrils are isolated from vascular bundles of banana rachis, while bacterial cellulose (BC) microfibrils are produced by Gluconacetobacter genus bacteria using pineapple peel juice as the culture media. For this study, both the materials were obtained from Colombian agroindustrial wastes. Composite films were characterized using different techniques, including mechanical tensile testing, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of different processing methods and cellulose microfibrils content in the composite material behavior. The results showed that the mechanical properties were increased when cellulose microfibrils were added before gelatinization. Significant increments in Young’s modulus and tensile strength of both VC and BC composites were obtained with respect to starch matrix. Fil: Montoya Rojo, Ursula Maria. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; Colombia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Zuluaga, Robin. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; Colombia Fil: Castro, Cristina. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; Colombia Fil: Goyanes, Silvia Nair. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Gañán, Piedad. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; Colombia

To validate the content of the NANDA-I nursing diagnosis of grieving in situations of perinatal loss.Using the Fehring's model, 208 Spanish experts were asked to assess the adequacy of the defining characteristics and other manifestations identified in the literature for cases of perinatal loss.The content validity index was 0.867. Twelve of the 18 defining characteristics were validated, seven as major and five as minor. From the manifestations proposed, "empty inside" was considered as major.The nursing diagnosis of grieving fits in content to the cases of perinatal loss according to experts.The results have provided evidence to support the use of the diagnosis in care plans for said clinical situation.