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International audience; Through this White Paper, which gathers contributions from experts of 3D data as well as professionals concerned with the interoperability and sustainability of 3D research data, the PARTHENOS project aims at highlighting some of the current issues they have to face, with possible specific points according to the discipline, and potential practices and methodologies to deal with these issues.During the workshop, several tools to deal with these issues have been introduced and confronted with the participants experiences, this White Paper now intends to go further by also integrating participants feedbacks and suggestions of potential improvements.Therefore, even if the focus is put on specific tools, the main goal is to contribute to the development of standardized good practices related to the sharing, publication, storage and long-term preservation of 3D data.

Automatic 3D acquisition devices (often called 3D scanners) allow to build highly accurate models of real 3D objects in a cost- and time-effective manner. We have experimented this technology in a particular application context: the acquisition of Cultural Heritage artefacts. Specific needs of this domain are: medium-high accuracy, easy of use, affordable cost of the scanning device, self-registered acquisition of shape and color data, and finally operational safety for both the operator and the scanned artefacts. According to these requirements, we designed a low-cost 3D scanner based on structured light which adopts a new, versatile colored stripe pattern approach. We present the scanner architecture, the software technologies adopted, and the first results of its use in a project regarding the 3D acquisition of an archeological statue.

We recently introduced an efficient technique for out-of-core rendering and management of large textured landscapes. The technique, called Batched Dynamic Adaptive Meshes (BDAM), is based on a paired tree structure: a tiled quadtree for texture data and a pair of bintrees of small triangular patches for the geometry. These small patches are TINs that are constructed and optimized off-line with high quality simplification and tristripping algorithms. Hierarchical view frustum culling and view-dependendent texture/geometry refinement is performed at each frame with a stateless traversal algorithm that renders a continuous adaptive terrain surface by assembling out of core data. Thanks to the batched CPU/GPU communication model, the proposed technique is not processor intensive and fully harnesses the power of current graphics hardware. This paper summarizes the method and discusses the results obtained in a virtual flythrough over a textured digital landscape derived from aerial imaging.

A solution is proposed to the problem of interactive visualization and rendering of volume data. Designed for parallel distributed memory MIMD architectures, the volume rendering system is based on the ray tracing (RT) visualization technique, the Sticks representation scheme (a data structure exploiting data coherence for the compression of classified data sets), the use of a slice-partitioning technique for the distribution of the data between the processing nodes and the consequent ray-data-flow parallelizing strategy. The system has been implemented on two different architectures: an inmos Transputer network and a hypercube nCUBE 6400 architecture. The high number of processors of this latter machine has allowed us to exploit a second level of parallelism (parallelism on image space, or parallelism on pixels) in order to arrive at a higher degree of scalability. In both proposals, the similarities between the chosen data-partitioning strategy, the communications pattern of the visualization processes and the topology of the physical system architecture represent the key points and provide improved software design and efficiency. Moreover, the partitioning strategy used and the network interconnection topology reduce the communications overhead and allow for an efficient implementation of a static load-balancing technique based on the prerendering of a low resolution image. Details of the practical issues involved in the parallelization process of volumetric RT, commonly encountered problems (i.e. termination and deadlock prevention) and the sw migration process between different architectures are discussed.

In many applications the need for an accurate simplification of surface meshes is becoming more and more urgent. This need is not only due to rendering speed reasons, but also to allow fast transmission of 3D models in network-based applications. Many different approaches and algorithms for mesh simplification have been proposed in the last few years. We present a survey and a characterization of the fundamental methods. Moreover, the results of an empirical comparison of the simplification codes available in the public domain are discussed. Five implementations, chosen to give a wide spectrum of different topology preserving methods, were run on a set of sample surfaces. We compared empirical computational complexities and the approximation accuracy of the resulting output meshes.

International audience; Lyon’s archaeological department took the opportunity of a recent rescue excavation to fulfil two purposes: improving (geo)archaeological knowledge of the city of Lyon while developing a set of tools for scientific mediation. The excavated site spanned 40000 years, from the Würmian period to the 19th century. Occupation from the ancient and medieval periods was the main focus points of this excavation. A 3D diachronic reconstruction was achieved for this site using a fully digital workflow. Stra- tigraphic and architectural data obtained from the fieldwork, or reconstructed afterwards, were integrated into GIS and modelling software to produce 3D volumes. We could produce static high-resolution renderings, a 3D printed scale model of the stratigraphy and buildings, as well as digital interactive media. This project allowed us to explore the interest of 3D both for archaeological research, as a way to develop and validate research hypotheses, and for scientific education.

The paper illustrates the theoretical approaches to the regional landscape, which can interact, aiming at the modelling and exploration of past landscape dynamics, in particular the settlement chamber model, the community area theory, and further implications, as well as the taskscape approach. The main goal is to set up a meaningful framework for both predictive modelling and postdictive analysis of the available datasets, aiming at the long-term investigation of location choices and physical and cultural characteristics of landscape zones and settlement chambers. The settlement dynamic approach applied for the definition of settlement chambers over the ancient Greek Boeotian landscape will be used for illustration purposes. It allows the detection of different areas with settlement potential in the long term, mainly by analysing the presence and location of known settlements in different periods.

The works of three-dimensional documentation of the industrial heritage of Santander, which are carried out under the initiative of the authors of the article had the cooperation of the University of Cantabria, University of Naples ''Federico II'', University of Valladolid and the 3DIntelligence company. Within this project, it has been made the documentation of locomotive shed and the roundabout structure, key piece of industrial railway heritage in Santander. For this project we used the fusion of data (point clouds) from the Scanner-Laser and data from convergent photogrammetry. This initiative has enjoyed the cooperation of the RENFE company, who allowed access to their infrastructure. Both structures are currently in use, making complex the data collection phase.

International audience; Computers are commonly used to address practical, methodological, and theoretical issues in archaeology. However little discourse is devoted to the software that is used to perform the analysis, manipulate data, or to how the software workflow should be available. This paper addresses the pressing need to adopt Free Software and transparent research pipeline now when data is becoming easily available online, and tools to make reproducible research are becoming widespread. This configuration challenges current ways to disseminate and evaluate archaeological research.

International audience; The activity of the researcher takes place within a global process of development of the scientific knowledge, which relies on data sharing. He or she needs both to access existing data (sources, publications), and to distribute the material produced. Open access provides a suitable tool for reaching these two objectives. Researchers must also overcome new challenges: selecting relevant information within the huge quantity of data and ensure optimal visibility and re-usability of the data they produce. In this context, open access is not sufficient, hence the emergence of the concept of open data, which deals with technical interoperability, quality of referencing and permanence of access. Persée is a French, publically funded, program for the digitization and online publishing of printed academic journals in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences. Beyond the publication of a huge digital collection, Persée endorses the core principles of the open data movement (open access, handle/DOI, standard formats, SEO, interoperability, long term preservation). The original mission of Persée is now expanded to a new project: producing and disseminating scientific content beyond published journals. Persée will apply its knowledge to a corpus composed of heterogeneous material. A wide range of tools is being developed in order to process, disseminate, share, and allow scientific uses of these bodies of documents. Among the collections that will be processed with these new tools in 2015, two are dedicated to archaeology: • The collection 'Monuments of Cairo' is about the digital publication of the minutes and reports of the Committee for the Conservation of the Monuments of Arab Art (published from 1882 to 1953). We intend to enrich the original material with a multilingual index for toponyms and monuments. This index uses international standards and proposes to associate to each entry the several ways it is mentioned over the whole collection. • The collection relating to the excavation of 'Salamis of Cyprus' concerns the study of material and architectural remains. It aims at firmly identifying artefacts and establishing links between several resources related to these objects: catalogues, photographs, publications, index cards. These two projects will demonstrate the potential brought by open data regarding the constitution of digital collections. One of our objectives is to build a large-scale platform that will both federate data and be enriched, project after project, by a collection of tools addressing researchers' needs. Both data and tools will be fully and freely available to the community.

International audience; ABCData project is an online bioarchaeological database, that essentially gathers palynological and anthracological data. This relational database was built using a framework (FuelPHP), and the different interfaces and applications were all developed through computer programming, using several languages and open access libraries. In particular, we developed a paly-nological query interface associated to a SVG graphics generation tool. We tested ABCData’s functioning through the integration and the analysis of numerous palynological cores that had already been studied with a different method. This study revealed a great accordance between the two methods, and highlighted some bias and the necessity of permanently watching over of the statistic distribution of the samples

ISBN 9781784913373. £129.00. Also available in Open Access. ISBN 9781784913380 (http://archaeopress.com/ArchaeopressShop/Public/displayProductDetail.asp?id={27710CAF-069B-43D3-A53B-4BB1A293F456}); International audience; In this paper, we present a method to calculate a “land use heritage map” based on the concept of “memory of landscape”. Such a map can be seen as one variable among others influencing site location preference, and can be used as input for predictive models. The computed values equate to an index of long-term land use intensity. We will first discuss the method used for creating the land use heritage map, for which kernel density estimates are used.We will then present the use of these land use heritage maps for site location analysis in two study areas in SE France. Earlier analyses showed that the influence of the natural environment on settlement location choice in the Roman period is limited. In contrast, land use heritage seems to have a stronger influence on the placement of new settlements. We will discuss the implications for predictive modelling of settlement patterns.

International audience; In the MASA Consortium ("Memory of Archaeologists and Archaeological Sites") context, we propose to open the ArSol database, a system for processing archaeological data, to the semantic web, using the CIDOC-CRM ontology and tools that implements Ontology-Based Data Access (OBDA) principles. After designing a set of mappings from a selection of ArSol fields to the CIDOC CRM ontology, we implement the software architecture to query ArSol from a SPARQL endpoint. We used ‒ontop‒, a Protégé plugin, to design the OBDA mappings that are necessary for the SPARQL-to-SQL rewritings. Our final goal is to devise an application that will offer a single interface to query several distributed and independent archaeological databases, with heterogeneous structures, using CIDOC-CRM to relate them to each other. Querying ArSol in SPARQL via the CIDOC CRM is an important step towards this goal.

The paper presents a new workflow to build geo-3D models able to populate a wide information system organizing and managing Palladio's works documentation. Main goal is to smooth the integration of data from different sources and promote a more profound understanding of Palladio's works. Starting from an integrated survey approach (laser scanner and Multi-Image Spherical Photogrammetry), reality-based 3D models are robustly constructed and semantically segmented from point cloud features based on Palladio treatise architectural semantics. The 3D models outputs are exported into a 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) to facilitate the visualization of Palladio's works with reference to topography. At the end, an evaluation mechanism is employed to control the quality of 3D models. The workflow could be easily generalized to other architects documentation systems both because Palladian case is a superset of most of other architect documentation dataset, allowing to focus and to solve all existing problems and because techniques and methods are general and appropriate for most part of historical architectures.

Inside Santander city, we find two different historical parts, ''la Puebla vieja'', oldest part of the city, where the cathedral is located and ''la Puebla nueva''. A research team has been created with two purposes: study and make the architectural survey of historic building, through collaboration between the emerged company, 3D Intelligence, the Universidad de Cantabria, the Universit degli Studi di Napoli ''Federico II'' and the School - Workshop from the City Council of Santander, thus a number of projects for the digital documentation of the Santander City Heritage have been generated [1] as the beginning of the analysis and three-dimensional modeling of the historical evolution of the city. For which we used a new methodology for understanding the Historic Urban Landscape [2], trying to validate the novel concepts in the field of cultural heritage [3]

The latest research carried out in Grotta del Romito, a Palaeolithic site located in northern Calabria, has brought to light a new Palaeolithic burial (Romito 9). The complexity of this archaeological evidence, also affected by a disturbance to the burial pit that altered the deposition’s context ab antiquo, has required a suitable strategy of excavation and documentation for the funerary context in order to read the taphonomic and post-depositional processes. The creation of a visual model representing the funerary evidence in a CAD environment has led to the virtual reproduction of the original archaeological context. This model, based on the processing of a very detailed graphic and photogrammetric documentation and linked to a database, provided an effective support to the interpretations and has allowed us to better investigate the deposition context and the subsequent events connected to the breach of the burial.

International audience; Point-Based Surfaces can be directly generated by 3D scanners and avoid the generation and storage of an explicit topology for a sampled geometry, which saves time and storage space for very dense and large objects, such as scanned statues and other archaeological artefacts [Duguet 2004]. We propose a fast processing pipeline of large point-based surfaces for real-time, appearance preserving, polygonal rendering. Our goal is to reduce the time needed between a point set made of hundred of millions samples and a high resolution visualization taking benefit of modern graphics hardware, tuned for normal mapping of polygons. Our approach starts by an out-of-core generation of a coarse local triangulation of the original model. The resulting coarse mesh is enriched by applying a set of maps which capture the high frequency features of the original data set. We choose as an example the normal component of samples for these maps, since normal maps provide efficiently an accurate local illumination. But our approach is also suitable for other point attributes such as color or position (displacement map). These maps come also from an out-of-core process, using the complete input data in a streaming process. Sampling issues of the maps are addressed using an efficient diffusion algorithm in 2D. Our main contribution is to directly handle such large unorganized point clouds through this two pass algorithm, without the time-consuming meshing or parameterization step, required by current state-of-the-art high resolution visualization methods. One of the main advantages is to express most of the fine features present in the original large point clouds as textures in the huge texture memory usually provided by graphics devices, using only a lazy local parameterization. Our technique comes as a complementary tool to high-quality, but costly, out-of-core visualization systems. Direct applications are: interactive preview at high screen resolution of very detailed scanned objects such as scanned statues, inclusion of large point clouds in usual polygonal 3D engines and 3D databases browsing.