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In this work, an ultrawideband and high-efficient polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) is proposed, which can efficiently convert linearly polarized waves into cross-polarized waves in an ultra-wide frequency range. The unit cell of the proposed PCM is composed of two pairs of L-shaped metallic patches covered by a dielectric superstrate and an air-based substrate attached with a metallic ground. The PCM has an operating band from 3.37 to 22.07 GHz with the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) over 90% under the normal incidence, which the ratio bandwidth (f H /f L ) is 6.5:1. The PCR can achieve 100% at seven resonant frequencies. The equivalent circuit model is analyzed to explain the fundamental cause of the PCM's multi-resonance and polarization conversion behaviors. In addition, all possible near-field interactions among the resonator, the superstrate, and the ground sheet can be accurately calculated using interference theory, which reveals the underlying physical mechanisms of the multi-resonance metasurface. The theoretical calculated, numerically simulated, and measured results are in good agreement. Compared to other PCMs, the proposed PCM has a simple geometry structure but an ultrawideband and high PCR property.

Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome of Pittosporum brevicalyx . The genome is 153,388 bp in size, which is comprised of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,724 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,716 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 24,974 bp. The overall GC content of the plastome was 38.3%. The new sequence comprised 127 unique genes, including 82 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P.brevicalyx was close to Pittosporum kerrii and Pittosporum eugenioides . These data may providing useful information for phyletic evolution of P.brevicalyx within the Pittosporaceae family., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

The eddy current non-destructive evaluation (NDE) modelling using Stratton-Chu formulation-based fast algorithm is analysed. Stratton-Chu formulations, which have no low frequency breakdown issue, are selected for modelling electromagnetic NDE problems with low frequency and high conductivity approximations. As the main contribution of this article, the robustness and efficiency of the approximations, which result in big savings in both memory and CPU time, are validated and analysed using examples from practical EC testing. The boundary element method (BEM) is used to discretize the integral equations into a linear system of equations: the first order Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) vector basis functions with the flat triangle meshes of the object and pulse basis functions are selected to expand the equivalent surface currents and the normal component of magnetic fields, respectively. Then the multilevel adaptive cross approximation (MLACA) algorithm is applied to accelerate the iterative solution process. The performance and efficiency of adaptively applying a multi-stage (level) algorithm based on the criteria concluded for the operators are shown. This article is part of the theme issue 'Advanced electromagnetic non-destructive evaluation and smart monitoring'.

The accurate quantification of antimicrobial use (AMU) in production animals is critical for monitoring trends in exposure to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) over time and examining potential associations with antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. In this study, a census sample of cattle was used to quantify individually-dosed and in-feed AMU as both numbers of animal daily doses (nADD) and total grams of AMD (gAMD) used in cattle placed in 36 western Canadian feedlots between 1-November, 2008 and 31-October, 2012; representing about 21.5% of fed cattle in Canada during that time period. Of the ~2.6 million cattle placed during the 48-month period, 45% were calves, 63% were male, 62% arrived in the fall or winter, and 39% were assessed as high risk for developing bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The proportion of cattle categorized as high risk (HR) for developing BRD was consistent over the 4 years of placement cohorts. Both medically important AMU and ionophore use were summarized but presented separately. A decrease in AMU was observed over the study period, both as nADD and total gAMD, which was primarily driven by a decline in the in-feed administration of tetracyclines. Most in-feed AMU was directed toward prevention and control of liver abscesses. The majority of individually dosed AMU was administered as metaphylaxis to address BRD risks, with category III AMD (medium importance to human medicine as categorized by Health Canada Veterinary Drugs Directorate) used most frequently. Not surprisingly, risk level for developing BRD influenced parenteral AMD exposures, with 95% of cattle categorized as being HR for developing BRD receiving individually dosed AMD compared to 59% of cattle categorized as being low risk (LR) for developing BRD. Cattle categorized as HR for developing BRD were more likely to receive macrolides for BRD metaphylaxis compared to cattle categorized as LR for developing BRD, and cattle categorized as LR for developing BRD were more likely to receive tetracycline for the same purpose. In summary, these data provide an unprecedented representation of AMU in fed cattle in western Canada and direction for future monitoring of AMU in fed cattle., (Copyright © 2019 Brault, Hannon, Gow, Warr, Withell, Song, Williams, Otto, Booker and Morley.)