201. A review of the pathophysiology of recurrent implantation failure.
- Author
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Franasiak JM, Alecsandru D, Forman EJ, Gemmell LC, Goldberg JM, Llarena N, Margolis C, Laven J, Schoenmakers S, and Seli E
- Subjects
- Embryo Transfer trends, Endometriosis genetics, Endometriosis physiopathology, Female, Fertilization in Vitro methods, Fertilization in Vitro trends, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Rate trends, Recurrence, Embryo Implantation physiology, Embryo Transfer methods, Endometrium physiopathology, Treatment Failure
- Abstract
Implantation is a critical step in human reproduction. The success of this step is dependent on a competent blastocyst, receptive endometrium, and successful cross talk between the embryonic and maternal interfaces. Recurrent implantation failure is the lack of implantation after the transfer of several embryo transfers. As the success of in vitro fertilization has increased and failures have become more unacceptable for patients and providers, the literature on recurrent implantation failure has increased. While this clinical phenomenon is often encountered, there is not a universally agreed-on definition-something addressed in an earlier portion of this Views and Reviews. Implantation failure can result from several different factors. In this review, we discuss factors including the maternal immune system, genetics of the embryo and parents, anatomic factors, hematologic factors, reproductive tract microbiome, and endocrine milieu, which factors into embryo and endometrial synchrony. These potential causes are at various stages of research and not all have clear implications or immediately apparent treatment., (Copyright © 2021 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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