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The computational complexity of the multiobjective optimization (MOO) increases drastically in the presence of the large number of objectives. It is desirable to lower the complexity of the existing MOO algorithms. In this work we present an algorithm which periodically rearranges the objectives in the objective set such that the conflicting objectives are evaluated and compared earlier than non-conflicting ones. Differential Evolution (DE) is used as the underlying search technique. DE is designed especially for the real optimization problems. We have studied the reduction in the number of function computations and timing requirement achieved with the proposed technique. Remarkably, it is found to be much reduced as compared to the traditional approach. The variation of the gain in the number of objective computations vis-a-vis the number of objectives is demonstrated for a large number of benchmark MOO problems. Additionally, the relationship between the frequency of reordering the objectives and the number of objective computations is also established experimentally.

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have been universally used as variable speed drives due to its characteristics such as small volume, light weight, high efficiency, small inertia and hence high torque / inertia ratio, maintenance free and ease of control, high steady state torque density create possibility of replacing induction machines with PMSMs in industrial drive applications. PMSM are now widely accepted as high performance drives such as industrial robots and machine tools. A novel direct torque control (DTC) scheme incorporating space vector pulse width modulated (SVPWM) inverter, for speed control of PMSM drive has been presented in this paper, which has advantage of fast dynamic response with low ripples in torque and speed response, elimination of current controllers and least dependency on motor parameters. According to the differences in estimated value of torque and stator flux linkage with actual reference value; the stator voltage vectors are directly selected, in DTC to control the speed of motor. Mathematical model of PMSM and proposed DTC scheme is presented here. A simulation model is developed in MATLAB / SIMULINK to judge the various performance parameters.

Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P, This report by the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia uses gene-environment-wide interaction study (GEWIS) to identify genetic loci that affect environmental influence in myopia development, and identifies ethnic specific genetic loci that attribute to eye refractive errors.

Purpose: Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a broad-spectrum, second-generation fluoroquinolone, has frequently been found in hospital wastewaters and effluents of sewage treatment plants. CIP is scarcely biodegradable, has toxic effects on microorganisms and is photosensitive. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic potential of CIP in human HepG2 liver cells during photolysis. Methods: Photolysis of CIP was performed in aqueous solution by irradiation with an Hg lamp, and transformation products were monitored by HPLC-MS/MS and by the determination of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CIP and of the irradiated samples were determined after 24 h of exposure using the WST-1 assay and the in vitro micronucleus (MN) test in HepG2 cells. Results: The concentration of CIP decreased during photolysis, whereas the content of DOC remained unchanged. CIP and its transformation products were not cytotoxic towards HepG2 cells. A concentration-dependent increase of MN frequencies was observed for the parent compound CIP (lowest observed effect level, 1. 2 μmol L -1). Furthermore, CIP and the irradiated samples were found to be genotoxic with a significant increase relative to the parent compound after 32 min (P < 0. 05). A significant reduction of genotoxicity was found after 2 h of irradiation (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Photolytic decomposition of aqueous CIP leads to genotoxic transformation products. This proves that irradiated samples of CIP are able to exert heritable genotoxic effects on human liver cells in vitro. Therefore, photolysis as a technique for wastewater treatment needs to be evaluated in detail in further studies, not only for CIP but in general.

With the recent advancement in the field of communication, computation and underwater wireless multimedia sensor network, researchers have gained a keen interest in a new challenge; fulfilling the quality of service (QoS) requirements both from the applications perspective, ranging from industrial monitoring to disaster prevention and from the networks perspective. However, providing full QoS support to any application is a critical problem since sensor nodes are highly resource constrained and have unreliable and highly dynamic wireless links. The diversities in the operational environment and communication channel have significant effect on the underwater network, so additional QoS support is required for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) than wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we have explored QoS challenges and perspectives for WSNs and UWSNs.

Hybrid active power filter are used for eliminating harmonics in the power system. This paper deals with the hybrid active power filter for non-linear load along with its control scheme. In a hybrid active power filter, the active part is used to filter out the higher order harmonics, while lower order harmonics are eliminated by passive filter tuned for 5th and 7th order harmonic frequencies. The combination of shunt active and shunt passive filter considerably reduces the cost and size of active power filter at the same time problem of passive filters are overcome. The effectiveness of proposed filter topology have been verified by MATLAB/Simulink.

The thermodynamic properties of the HoRhO3 were determined in the temperature range from 900 to 1300 K by using a solid-state electrochemical cell incorporating calcia-stabilized zirconia as the electrolyte. The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of orthorhombic perovskite HoRhO3, from Ho2O3 with C-rare earth structure and Rh2O3 with orthorhombic structure, can be expressed by the equation; $$ \Updelta G_{{{\text{f}}({\text{ox}})}}^{ \circ } \left( { \pm 78} \right)/({\text{J}}/{\text{mol}}) = - 50535 + 3.85\left( {T/{\text{K}}} \right) $$ Using the thermodynamic data of HoRhO3 and auxiliary data for binary oxides from the literature, the phase relations in the Ho-Rh-O system were computed at 1273 K. Thermodynamic data for intermetallic phases in the binary Ho-Rh were estimated from experimental enthalpy of formation for three compositions from the literature and Miedema’s model, consistent with the phase diagram. The oxygen potential-composition diagram and three-dimensional chemical potential diagram at 1273 K, and temperature-composition diagrams at constant oxygen partial pressures were computed for the system Ho-Rh-O. The decomposition temperature of HoRhO3 is 1717(±2) K in pure O2 and 1610(±2) K in air at a total pressure p o = 0.1 MPa.

Phase equilibria in the system Tm-Rh-O at 1200 K is established by isothermal equilibration of selected compositions and phase identification after quenching to room temperature. Six intermetallic phases (Tm3Rh, Tm7Rh3, Tm5Rh3, Tm3Rh2, TmRh, TmRh2 +/-delta) and a ternary oxide TmRhO3 are identified. Based on experimentally determined phase relations, a solid-state electrochemical cell is devised to measure the standard free energy of formation of orthorhombic perovskite TmRhO3 from cubic Tm2O3 and beta-Rh2O3 in the temperature range from (900 to 1300) K. The results can be summarized as: Delta G(f,ox)(o) +/- 104/J.mol(-1) = -46474 + 3.925(T/K). Invoking the Neumann-Kopp rule, the standard enthalpy of formation of TmRhO3 from its constituent elements at 298.15 K is estimated as -1193.89 (+/- 2.86) kJ.mol(-1). The standard entropy of TmRhO3 at 298.15 K is evaluated as 103.8 (+/- 1.6) J.mol(-1).K-1. The oxygen potential-composition diagram and three-dimensional chemical potential diagram at 1200 K and temperature-composition diagrams at constant partial pressures of oxygen are computed from thermodynamic data. The compound TmRhO3 decomposes at 1688 (+/- 2) K in pure oxygen and at 1583 (+/- 2) K in air at standard pressure.

We present a case of a 64-year-old man, a kidney transplant recipient with acute pyelonephritis and acute graft deterioration. He was diagnosed with Actinobaculum schaalii infection in urine cultures. He was treated with antibiotics for 3 weeks and recovered well. The case describes an unusual pathogenic infection in a kidney transplant patient.

In this chapter, we focus on the role that Informal Science Institutions (ISIs) play in partnership with higher education institutions for teacher education; specifically partnerships in the United States, Canada and Israel, where pre-service science teachers are able to learn and practice teaching in ISIs. Using a sociocultural lens we review the emerging patterns across these sites and discuss how museum practicum experiences provide pre-service teachers with opportunities to teach in low-stakes settings, repeat lessons to diverse audiences, and develop their skills and dispositions for teaching science. Challenges that exist in such partnerships are reviewed followed by a discussion that addresses implications for science teacher education and research.

Covalent modification of proteins by ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like modifiers (Ubls) regulates many cellular functions in eukaryotes. These modifications are likely to be associated with pathogenesis, growth, and development of many protozoan parasites but molecular details about this pathway are unavailable for most protozoa. This study presents an analysis of the Ub pathway in three members of the Entamoeba species. Using bioinformatics tools we have identified all Ub and Ubl genes along with their corresponding activating, conjugating, and ligating enzymes (E1, E2s, and E3s) in three Entamoeba species, Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba invadens. Phylogenetic trees were established for the identified E2s and RING finger E3s using maximum-likelihood method to infer the relationship among these proteins. In silico co-domain analysis of RING finger E3s implicates these proteins in a variety of functions. Several known and putative regulatory motifs were identified in the upstream regions of RING finger domain containing E3 genes. All E2 and E3 genes were analyzed in genomic context in E. histolytica and E. dispar. Most E2s and E3s were in syntenic positions in the two genomes. Association of these genes with transposable elements (TEs) was compared between E. histolytica and E. dispar. A closer association was found between RING finger E3s with TEs in E. histolytica. In summary, our analyses suggests that the complexity of the Ub pathway in Entamoeba species is close to that observed in higher eukaryotes. This study provides important data for further understanding the role of Ub pathway in the biology of these organisms.

Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Various pathways in addition to the renin-angiotensinogen system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Strategies to interrupt these pathophysiological pathways are a key to the development of new targeted therapies to prevent progression of diabetic nephropathy and are on the horizon. The various pharmacological drugs tried include aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor blocking the first step in the renin pathway, and pentoxifylline and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, which have antiinflammatory properties and have shown some promising results in management of diabetic nephropathy. Others include endothelin antagonists and vitamin D analogs which have been shown to decrease urinary albumin excretion. Inhibitors of advanced glycation and oxidative stress and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 have proved useful in animal models of diabetic nephropathy. Others include ruboxistaurin, which blocks protein kinase C overexpression. Such targeted therapies would halt and might even reverse progression of diabetic nephropathy.

A 67-year-old female presented to the emergency department with epigastric and left-upper-quadrant abdominal pain. The patient reported history of multiple episodes of abdominal pain similar in nature over the last 2 years. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen demonstrated acute pancreatitis along with the presence of pancreatic tissue around the descending portion of the duodenum (a characteristic feature of annular pancreas). The findings on different imaging modalities are described.

Alcohol extracts of fourteen plants traditionally used in India for antiallergic disorders were evaluated for their antiallergic activity. Coleusforskohlii, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Pterocarpus san...

The synthesis of a series of 4-amino/hydroxy-6-substituted-12-(2′,2′-diethoxyethyl)-1H/2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines by alkylation of substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines has been described, and their antiallergic activity evaluated in mice. The 2 most active compounds 4b and 5b were also tested in the rat. The most active compound 4b showed non-significant antihistaminic or antiserotoninergic activity.

Oxidative decarboxylations of proline derivatives by hypervalent iodine, as a new convenient methodology for obtaining tetrasubstituted pyrroles, are described. CDRI Communication No. 5666

Some variants of the classical problem of Towers of Hanoi incorporating new pragmatic constraints are considered. The classical problem is extended to the multi-peg case. A batched online variant is also proposed. The case wherein not all disks are distinct is also considered. Recursive algorithms for solving variants of the Towers of Hanoi problem incorporating one or more of the above constraints are proposed and their optimality properties are discussed.

Some patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy undergoing the Wada test experience transient shivering. The purpose of this study was to investigate various clinical and radiographic characteristics of these individuals to delineate underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon.A systematic review of prospectively collected information on patients undergoing the Wada test was performed. All demographic, clinical, and radiographic information was obtained and reviewed by the appropriate expert in the field; statistical analysis was performed to determine the predictors of transient shivering.A total of 120 consecutive carotid artery injections in 59 patients were included in the study. Shivering was observed in 46% of the patients, and it was not significantly affected by gender, age, location of epileptogenic zone, brain lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), side of the first injection, duration of the hemiparesis, or excess slow wave activity on electroencephalography (EEG). However, shivering was more likely to follow sodium amobarbital injection if there was no filling of the posterior circulation on cerebral angiogram.Transient shivering during the Wada test is common. A transient but selective functional lesion of the anterior hypothalamus produced by the effects of sodium amobarbital may result in disinhibition of the posterior hypothalamus and other brainstem thermoregulatory centers, thereby inducing transient shivering.

Increased free radical activity in gestational diabetes (GDM) can lead to a host of damaging and degenerative maternal and fetal complications. Hence antioxidant levels in blood of GDM mothers and cord blood were estimated. Erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), plasma vitamins C and E and serum total glutathione-S-transferase (GST), protein thiols and ceruloplasmin (Cp) were estimated spectrophotometrically in maternal blood of age matched controls and mothers with GDM and also in cord blood samples of the above. There was a significant increase in the erythrocytic GSH, serum total GST and protein thiols in GDM maternal blood when compared to controls whereas erythrocytic SOD exhibited a marked decrease in GDM cases. The changes in plasma vitamins C and E, Cp and erythrocytic TBARS in GDM were not significantly different from controls. Cord blood levels of protein thiols were also significantly increased in GDM. No significant changes were observed in the serum Cp and GST levels of the same. Hence, elevated glucose levels can induce oxidative stress in GDM mothers.

Aeromonas hydrophila is a major pathogen both of aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including humans. Infection with A. hydrophila results in severe economic losses to the aquaculture industry. In humans, Aeromonas hydrophila infections are known to cause gastroenteritis and wound infections. Investigations for developing a potential vaccine for its control are underway. The availability of the complete sequence information of A. hydrophila strain ATCC 7966T genome has made it possible to carry out the in silico analysis of its genome for various aspects of its biology. Keeping in view the possible risks that A. hydrophila poses to humans, in silico analysis of the A. hydrophila genome was carried out for the identification of potential vaccine and drug targets. Our study revealed 2097 genes which are non-homologous to human genome. Screening these genes using the Database of Essential Genes (DEG) resulted in the identification of 379 genes as essential genes of the bacteria. Further analysis of the identified essential genes, using the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways database, revealed 87 enzymes of A. hydrophila that may be used as drug targets, as they are not present in humans. Of these, 15 enzymes belong to pathways present only in the bacteria, whereas 72 enzymes are from the pathways that are common to both human and the bacteria. These can be used as a platform for further investigation to develop effective drugs against A. hydrophila.

Lipomas are one of the most common benign mesenchymal tumors in the body. Usually asymptomatic, they rarely warrant treatment unless they attain enormous size causing cosmetic deformity or pressure effects. Head and neck region is an uncommon site, retropharyngeal space being one of the rarest. Lipomas in this region can produce pressure symptoms demanding surgical excision.This is a case report of retropharyngeal lipoma, extending from skull base to the clavicle. Though tumor was present for 20 yrs it exhibited rapid growth over a period of 2-3 yrs causing respiratory obstruction, dysphagia & dysphonia. Clinically the entire laryngopharynx, trachea and carotid sheath were pushed anteriorly. On imaging, it showed classical features of a lipomatous mass. Patient underwent complete excision which presented a surgical challenge to surgeon and the anaesthetist from intubation to extubation.

“Active Fe” in plants has generally been interpreted to be ferrous iron. This study evaluated some of the commonly followed active Fe determination procedures based on Fe(II) measurements. In each of 12 species examined, leaf extracts exhibited strong reducing activity and quickly reduced any added Fe(III) with or without light. The reducing activity was attributed to ascorbic acid and phenols in the plant extracts. The reliability of the Fe(II) iron determination procedures in plants and the interpretation that active Fe is Fe(II) are questionable.

Knowledge of a little known New York State regulation and its insurance implications can be used to provide dental benefits to people who have congenital diseases or anomalies. An explanation of the regulation is provided, and some of the more common congenital diseases that may affect the dentition, such as amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate and trisomy 21, are reviewed.

c-Jun is one of the major component of the transcription factor AP-1 and involved in regulation of the expression of genes indispensable for cell proliferation and differentiation. Earlier reports ...

We report giant temperature dependent negative magnetization (magnetization reversal) along with a large exchange bias and large coercivity in SmCrO3. The static magnetization measurements show the negative magnetization below ~192 K, due to competition between the external field, thermal activation energy and antiparallel Sm3+–Cr3+ spin interaction. At further lower temperatures, Sm3+ spins show an increased alignment due to the internal induced field of Cr3+ spins with minimum magnetization ~ − 0.037 emu g−1. The temperature dependent exchange bias shows non-monotonic behavior. At 35 K, the exchange bias ceases to exist due to the orientation of Sm3+ moments with respect to canted Cr3+ moments. The crossover temperature decreases from ~191 K at 100 Oe to ~153 K at 250 Oe. The training effect further confirms the exchange bias in SmCrO3. The dynamic magnetization measurements exhibit anomalies around spin reorientation transition (TSR ~ 34 K) and Neel transition (TN ~ 192 K) which is consistent with static measurement and no frequency dependence was observed. The room temperature Raman spectra of SmCrO3 show peaks at ~364, ~375 and ~456 cm−1 suggesting O-Cr-O bending modes within the octahedral.

This research focuses on evolving the best possible criteria for selecting high electrical performance 100 micron pitch lead free solder bumping process. This is achieved through modeling and simulating the pad, process, reliability and test strategy. Coplanar waveguides (CPW) were modeled to evolve process criteria for pad design and choice of materials. Polyimide was chosen as the passivation on the chip. Further signal parasitics were studied for the passivation and a selection criterion was evolved for its thickness. The pad and the passivation layers were studied for dielectric loss when subjected to thermal cychg (air to ai). This evaluation leads to the selection of the hest pad contigumtion for lead free solder. An in-depth study on how internal resistance of the solder contributes to the change in parasitics is presented through numerical and simulated models. Standard under hump metallurgy (UBM) was used on the pads. Lead free solder (Sn3.5Ag0.3Cu) was chosen as the bumping material. Bumping strategy was evolved by which solder can be deposited on the UBM without stencil printing or electroplating. Flip chip B-stage underfill was also evaluated for wafer level application and standardized. This paper concludes by suggesting the hest design, process and reliability criteria which should be adopted for lead free solder 100 pm pitch flip-chip. Iutroductiou

This paper discusses the design of a wafer level package on board for 5GHz data transmission. The design is based on the 2005 node of the International Technology Roadmap on Semiconductors (ITRS) that predicts a clock frequency of 5GHz, power of 170W and an operating voltage of 0.9V for high-end microprocessors. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the ability to support global interconnections on the board at a speed comparable to the clock frequency and supply adequate power to the chip. This requires careful design of the topology of the interconnections, control of the eddy current losses in Silicon, control of the conductor and dielectric losses in the board and design of the transition between the chip and the board. The electrical design process is discussed in detail using a test vehicle, in this paper. The test vehicle consists of Co-planar waveguide (CPW) lines on high resistivity Silicon Substrate connected to CPW lines on low k, low loss board. The transition between the chip and board is completed through solder bumps with 50 /spl mu/m diameter and 100 /spl mu/m pitch. Both the Silicon and Board transmission lines have been characterized using TDR measurements. In addition, the inductance of the solder bumps have been extracted. Using synthesized models extracted from measurements, the eye diagrams for 5GHz data transmission has been simulated to show the importance of losses for 1mm long Silicon lines connected to 5cm long board lines through low inductance solder bumps. In addition, the effect of underfill and curing on signal propagation have been quantified.

Alcohol extracts of different parts of the traditionally used Indian medicinal plant Nyctanthus arbortristist are reported to possess antiallergic activity. Arbortristoside A and C were isolated from this plant and tested for anti-passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and mast cell stabilizing activity. Both compounds demonstrated significant anti-PCA and mast cell stabilizing activity in rats, which is comparable with that of disodium cromoglycate.

Acute poisoning is an imperative medical emergency moreover one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. Incidence of poisoning, as reported is 13-fold higher in developing countries than in highly industrialized nation. This study accomplished at Belgaum, North Karnataka to make preliminary evaluation about poisoning cases etiologies. The aim of the study was to know various age groups of female involved and choice of poisoning. Data were collected from the cases admitted with acute poisoning in Poison Detection Center of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, J.N. Medical College, and KLE's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital & MRC, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. During 4 years and 5 months of the study period, total 682 cases of poisoning were registered, out of which 314 were female (46%). The common age group in female involved is in between 21 and 30 years. Organophosphorus was the most common poison. This study serves as pilot project for more detailed retrospective and prospective studies in the future. Organophosphate compounds were the most generally abused essence due to its easy accessbility and availability. Strict legislative measures over the sale of poison and increase in public awareness about the seriousness of the problem through health education should be undertaken to reduce the burden.

Data publication has become important due to its inherent research and analysis value. Data is often published by the service provider in the anonymised form for achieving confidentiality. Most of the anonymised techniques generally considered for anonymisation are static in nature which considers only fixed one time data release. In dynamic environment where data keeps evolving with time, static techniques may result in poor data analysis or re-identification risk. In this paper, various dynamic anonymisation techniques for multiple releases of data have been analysed that can help the researchers or the service providers to decide the best technique for the underlying dynamic context depending on the criterion to be optimised.

PURPOSE: We determined ocular and systemic factors influencing macular thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a population-based sample of healthy eyes. METHODS: We recruited 490 healthy Chinese adults, aged 40 to 80 years, from the Singapore Chinese Eye Study, a population-based survey. All participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination and a standardized interview. The SD-OCT (Cirrus HD-OCT, software version 6.0) was used to measure a range of macular thickness parameters (central foveal subfield thickness, average inner macular thickness, average outer macular thickness, overall average macular thickness, and overall macular cube volume). Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of various ocular and systemic factors on macular thickness. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) age of the subjects was 53.17 (6.14) years and 50.0% of them were male. The mean central foveal subfield, average inner, and average outer macular thicknesses were 250.38 (20.58), 319.33 (14.40), and 276.67 (11.94) μm, respectively. The overall average macular thickness was 280.25 (11.42) μm and overall macular cube volume was 10.09 (0.41) mm(3). Sex, age, and axial length (AL) are the factors that influenced macular thicknesses. Thinner overall average macular thickness was associated with female sex (4.46 μm thinner compared to males, P < 0.001), older age (0.38 μm decrease per each year increase in age, P < 0.001), and longer AL (2.34-μm decrease per each mm increase in AL, P < 0.001), whereas thinner central foveal subfield thickness was associated with female sex (13.5 μm thinner compared to males, P < 0.001) and shorter AL (3.33-μm decrease per each mm increase in AL, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Female sex, older age, and longer AL were associated independently with thinner overall average macular thickness, whereas female sex and shorter AL were associated with thinner central foveal thickness in ethnic Chinese. These factors should be taken into consideration when interpreting macular thickness measurements with SD-OCT.

Syntheses of imidazo-pyridines and substituted prolines and their effect on heme oxygenase activity of Plasmodium yoelii and corresponding infected host have been studied. Six compounds in vitro and one in vivo showed selective inhibition of parasite enzyme which may be further exploited in the development of resistant reversal agents.

The diversity and richness of information available in online social networks have created a great incentive for social network providers to publish or share the social network data to third parties. The released information may contain sensitive information about the individuals which could be used unethically by the adversaries making it essential for the providers to preserve the confidentiality of the social network data before release. The framework presented in this paper has been formulated with a view to help service providers in selecting the appropriate privacy preservation technique of social network data based on its intended usage. Most of the privacy preservation techniques are static in nature and tend to ignore the equally important privacy breach issue due to multiple releases. The proposed framework has considered both the static and dynamic anonymisation. As the dynamic anonymisation of social network data is still in infancy stage, the authors propose the use of relational dynamic anonymisation techniques for preserving privacy in a dynamic context.

In this contribution, the structural and magnetic properties of DyCrO3 nanoplatelets, synthesized by a hydrolytic sol–gel method, have been investigated. The crystalline phase of DyCrO3 was attained at the decomposition temperature of 800 °C for citric acid and oxalic acid, respectively and their structural analysis indicates a distorted orthorhombic perovskite structure of the DyCrO3 nanoplatelets. The dc-magnetization curve shows the Neel temperature of ∼144 and ∼146 K for DyCrO3 nanoplatelets synthesized using citric acid (DCO (C)) and oxalic acid (DCO (O)), respectively. In addition, DCO (O) shows weak anomalies at ∼22 and ∼6 K in the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetization curves. Below the Neel temperature, DCO (C) and DCO (O) exhibit cross-over from positive to negative magnetization at ∼143 and ∼145 K, respectively. This was attributed to a Dy3+–Cr3+ interaction, which resulted in a weak ferromagnetic coupling (seen as a small opening in the M–H curves). The low temperature transition observed at ∼6 K can be assigned to the onset of Dy3+–Dy3+ antiferromagnetic interaction.

As social network data contain sensitive information, the need arises for privacy preservation of released social network data for which the most deployed technique is anonymisation. There are a number of anonymisation techniques which have been proposed for privacy preservation in social network data. Not all the anonymisation techniques have been able to provide the desired privacy as they ignore one or more critical parameters. The purpose of this paper is to propose the parameters for anonymisation of released social network data based on the cross-pollination of information related to anonymisation of social network data. Analysing the anonymisation techniques on these parameters would provide a clear understanding in a more realist dimension. These parameters would help the service provider of the social network for choosing the suitable anonymisation technique. These parameters would also help the future researchers to design or improve the anonymisation technique for privacy preservation in social network.

Social network has got its importance in current developing society as it is able to bring people close to each other. The closeness which is achieved has its own advantages and disadvantages in term of security breach which can be due to many reasons. We as authors had surveyed the various anonymisation techniques which are applied on social network for privacy preservation which is the need of today’s social network setup. We had done an in-depth study of existing literature from various known international journal papers to come up with a framework which will help the various researchers to focus on specific and emerging areas in the field of applying the anonymisation in privacy preservation in social network.

Anodising aluminium in an acid electrolyte results in a porous alumina film. The pores are uniformly distributed and their structure can be controlled by varying the anodising parameters. In this study, the pore structure of the anodic alumina films is varied systematically by varying the anodising time and a subsequent pore widening chemical etch. The indentation behaviour of the resulting film is studied using a depth sensing nanoindenter. The hardness of the films was found to be decreasing with decreasing solid area fraction. Understanding the deformation behaviour of nanoporous alumina would help tailoring the mechanical properties by tuning the geometry.

We investigated influences of optics and surround area on color appearance of defocused, small narrow band photopic lights (1' arc diameter, lambda(max) 510-628 nm) centered within a black annulus and surrounded by a white field. Participants included seven normal trichromats with L- or M-cone biased ratios. We controlled chromatic aberration with elements of a Powell achromatizing lens and corrected higher-order aberrations with an adaptive optics system. Longitudinal chromatic aberrations, but not monochromatic aberrations, are involved in changing appearance of small lights with defocus. Surround field structure is important because color changes were not observed when lights were presented on a uniform white surround.

A variety of alcohols react with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-D-arabino-hex-1-enopyranose 1 in the presence of a catalytic amount of HClO(4) supported on silica gel to give the corresponding alkyl 3-deoxy-hex-2-enopyranosides 2 in high yield, with short reaction times (10-45 mins) and good alpha-selectivity. Work-up merely involves filtration of the reagent, followed by chromatographic purification of the crude product. This methodology has also been employed in the synthesis of a bicyclic ether, a useful precursor for cyclic polyethers, and a 4-amino-C-glucoside.