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Background Previous studies have shown that immigrant workers face relatively worse working and employment conditions, as well as lower rates of sickness absence than native-born workers. This study aims to assess rates of sickness presenteeism in a sample of Spanish-born and foreign-born workers according to different characteristics. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst a convenience sample of workers (Spanish-born and foreign-born), living in four Spanish cities: Barcelona, Huelva, Madrid and Valencia (2008-2009). Sickness presenteeism information was collected through two items in the questionnaire ("Have you had health problems in the last year?" and "Have you ever had to miss work for any health problem?") and was defined as worker who had a health problem (answered yes, first item) and had not missed work (answered no, second item). For the analysis, the sample of 2,059 workers (1,617 foreign-born) who answered yes to health problems was included. After descriptives, logistic regressions were used to establish the association between origin country and sickness presenteeism (adjusted odds ratios aOR; 95% confidence interval 95%CI). Analyses were stratified per time spent in Spain among foreign-born workers. Results All of the results refer to the comparison between foreign-born and Spanish-born workers as a whole, and in some categories relating to personal and occupational conditions. Foreign-born workers were more likely to report sickness presenteeism compared with their Spanish-born counterparts, especially those living in Spain for under 2 years [Prevalence: 42% in Spanish-born and 56.3% in Foreign-born; aOR 1.77 95%CI 1.24-2.53]. In case of foreign-born workers (with time in Spain < 2 years), men [aOR 2.31 95%CI 1.40-3.80], those with university studies [aOR 3.01 95%CI 1.04-8.69], temporary contracts [aOR 2.26 95%CI 1.29-3.98] and salaries between 751-1,200€ per month [aOR 1.74 95% CI 1.04-2.92] were more likely to report sickness presenteeism. Also, recent immigrants with good self-perceived health and good mental health were more likely to report presenteeism than Spanish-born workers with the same good health indicators. Conclusions Immigrant workers report more sickness presenteeism than their Spanish-born counterparts. These results could be related to precarious work and employment conditions of immigrants. Immigrant workers should benefit from the same standards of social security, and of health and safety in the workplace that are enjoyed by Spanish workers.

Aquest treball final de màster recull l’avaluació de riscos duta a terme al centre de salut mental d’adults del Baix Llobregat. A tenir en compte que les avaluacions de risc són documents realitzats per personal qualificat i que tenen per objectiu estimar la magnitud dels riscos que no s’hagin pogut evitar amb anterioritat, per tal que l’empresari tingui tota la informació necessària per a prendre les decisions oportunes sobre la necessitat d’adoptar mesures preventives. Per a dur a terme aquesta avaluació de risc, es va fer una visita presencial el dia 01/12/17 al centre, acompanyats per un delegat de prevenció i la responsable del servei. En aquesta visita es va recollir informació objectiva, així com les tasques que es duen a terme al centre per part dels diferents llocs de treball i impressions dels treballadors, i es van facilitar qüestionaris psicosocials per a dur a terme, juntament amb l’avaluació de riscos, l’avaluació de riscos psicosocials. L’empresa de la qual formava part en el moment de realitzar l’avaluació emprava el mètode d’estimació de risc del INSHT (actual INSSBT), el qual té en compte dos factors fonamentals: 1. Probabilitat 2. Conseqüències S’ha decidit per a l’avaluació de risc indicar primerament els riscos generals del centre, així com els riscos que afecten a la totalitat de treballadors del mateix. Posteriorment, i tenint en compte la categoria professional dels diferents treballadors del centre, es divideixen els factors de risc per a cadascuna de les categories. D’aquesta manera, es diferencien els riscos que afecten a tots i cadascun dels professionals. Aquesta identificació dels riscos, amb les descripcions corresponents, permet establir mesures preventives i/o correctores per tal de minimitzar cadascun dels riscos. Aquestes mesures preventives van acompanyades del responsable de l’execució de la mesura així com el cost estimat. Diverses de les mesures preventives van relacionades amb protocols d’actuació, que es poden trobar al annexos.

Objective To assess differences in mortality rates between social security statuses in two independent samples of Belgian and Spanish male workers. Methods Study of two retrospective cohorts (Belgium, n = 23,607; Spain, n = 44,385) of 50–60 year old male employees with 4 years of follow-up. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) were estimated using Poisson regression models. Results Mortality for subjects with permanent disability was higher than for the employed, for both Belgium [MRR = 4.56 (95% CI: 2.88–7.21)] and Spain [MRR = 7.15 (95% CI: 5.37–9.51)]. For the unemployed/early retirees, mortality was higher in Spain [MRR = 1.64 (95% CI: 1.24–2.17)] than in Belgium [MRR = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.46–1.71)]. Conclusion MRR differences between Belgium and Spain for unemployed workers could be partly explained because of differences between the two social security systems. Future studies should further explore mortality differences between countries with different social security systems., Objective: To assess differences in mortality rates between social security statuses in two independent samples of Belgian and Spanish male workers. Methods: Study of two retrospective cohorts (Belgium, n = 23,607; Spain, n = 44,385) of 50–60 year old male employees with 4 years of follow-up. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) were estimated using Poisson regression models. Results: Mortality for subjects with permanent disability was higher than for the employed, for both Belgium [MRR = 4.56 (95% CI: 2.88–7.21)] and Spain [MRR = 7.15 (95% CI: 5.37–9.51)]. For the unemployed/ early retirees, mortality was higher in Spain [MRR = 1.64 (95% CI: 1.24–2.17)] than in Belgium [MRR = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.46–1.71)]. Conclusion: MRR differences between Belgium and Spain for unemployed workers could be partly explained because of differences between the two social security systems. Future studies should further explore mortality differences between countries with different social security systems.

Este trabajo final de Máster se basa en el análisis en profundidad de un Comité de Seguridad y Salud de una empresa dedicada al diseño, gestión, fabricación y montaje de las líneas de manutención de las empresas de la automoción. Está situada en Viladecans, en la província de Barcelona. La empresa tiene constituido un Comité de Seguridad y Salud, pero éste no sigue un correcto funcionamiento. Por lo que la parte central del trabajo final de Máster es corregir todas las imperfecciones tanto de forma como de aplicación, así como la creación de un Reglamento de funcionamiento interno del Comité de Seguridad y Salud, ya que éste es el mayor defecto de la empresa con respecto a la Ley 31/1995, de 8 de noviembre, de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales. A lo largo del texto se puede apreciar con mucho más detalle los estudios que se han realizado así como las diferentes medidas correctoras que se han propuesto, y en la mayoría de los casos, que se han adoptado por parte de la empresa y del mismo CSS.