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This paper presents a prototype of a portable and modular electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system for breast tumor detection. The proposed system uses MATLAB to generate three-dimensional representations of breast tissue. The modular architecture of the system allows for flexible customization and scalability. It consists of several interconnected modules. Each module can be easily replaced or upgraded, facilitating system maintenance and future enhancements. Testing of the prototype has shown promising results in preliminary screening based on experimental studies. Agar models were used for the experimental stage of this project. The 3D representations provide clinicians with valuable information for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Further research and refinement of the system is warranted to validate its performance in future clinical trials.

Impedance measuring acquisition systems focused on breast tumor detection, as well as image processing techniques for 3D imaging, are reviewed in this paper in order to define potential opportunity areas for future research. The description of reported works using electrical impedance tomography (EIT)-based techniques and methodologies for 3D bioimpedance imaging of breast tissues with tumors is presented. The review is based on searching and analyzing related works reported in the most important research databases and is structured according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) parameters and statements. Nineteen papers reporting breast tumor detection and location using EIT were systematically selected and analyzed in this review. Clinical trials in the experimental stage did not produce results in most of analyzed proposals (about 80%), wherein statistical criteria comparison was not possible, such as specificity, sensitivity and predictive values. A 3D representation of bioimpedance is a potential tool for medical applications in malignant breast tumors detection being capable to estimate an ap-proximate the tumor volume and geometric location, in contrast with a tumor area computing capacity, but not the tumor extension depth, in a 2D representation.

Fungal cleavage furrow formation during cytokinesis relays in the coordinated contraction of an actomyosin-based ring and the centripetal synthesis of both new plasma membrane and a special wall structure named division septum. Through transmission electron microscopy, the septum exhibits a three-layered structure with a central primary septum, flanked at both sides by the secondary septum. In contrast to the chitinous primary septum present in most of fungi, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe does not contain chitin, instead it divides through the formation of a linear β(1,3)glucan-rich primary septum, which has been shown to be specifically stained by the fluorochrome Calcofluor white. Recent findings in S. pombe have revealed the importance of septum synthesis for the steady contraction of the ring during cytokinesis. Therefore, to study the molecular mechanisms that connect the extracellular septum wall with the other components of the cytokinetic machinery located in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm, new experimental approaches are needed. Here we describe the methods developed to image the septum structure by fluorescence microscopy, with a special focus in the analysis of septum progression by the use of time-lapse microscopy.