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Developing two-dimensional layered materials is highly desirable for nanoscale device applications. Antiferromagnetic materials have attracted considerable attention through their absence of production of parasitic stray fields, ultrafast dynamics, and the generation of large magnetotransport effects. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we demonstrate a series of promising two-dimensional semiconductors in the family of iron oxyhalides FeOX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) with antiferromagnetism, anisotropic optical properties and large carrier mobility. Combined with appropriate gaps, this renders FeOX monolayers with high absorption coefficient up to 3.90 × 10 5 cm − 1 in the visible region. In addition, due to their large band dispersion, FeOX monolayers are also found to harbor considerably high carrier mobilities, especially for FeOBr (6.84 × 10 3 cm 2 V - 1 s - 1 ), suggesting their enormous potential for optoelectronic fields. All of these discoveries make these FeOX monolayers compelling materials for next-generation nanoscale photovoltaic device. • Optical and transport properties of monolayer iron oxyhalide semiconductor with intrinsic antiferromagnetism are revealed. • For the incident light polarized in three directions, FeOX monolayers exhibit a noticeable anisotropic behavior. • Four iron oxyhalide FeOX monolayers possess high absorption coefficient up to 10 5 cm − 1 in the visible region. • FeOX monolayers harbor high carrier mobilities, especially FeOBr (6.84 × 10 3 cm 2 V - 1 s - 1 ), six times that of black phosphorene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional materials with intrinsic and large ferromagnetism have recently attracted extensive interests due to their promising potential for spintronic applications. Here, we systematically study the magnetic phase transition and anisotropy of monolayer CrSBr under different uniaxial strains using first-principles calculations. Our results show that the unstrained monolayer CrSBr is a ferromagnetic indirect band gap semiconductor with magnetic anisotropy along the a- axis. The magnetic transitions from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic order occur only when the compressive strain along the a- axis is increased to 11%. However, a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of monolayer CrSBr can be driven by applying the 2% tensile strain along a-axis or 3.75% compressive strain along b-axis. Furthermore, as the tensile or compressive strains are continuously increased, the magnetic anisotropy energy can be significantly enhanced within ferromagnetic order due to the combining contribution and competition effect of the Cr-3d and Br-4p orbital. The tunable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy shows that monolayer CrSBr may be a promising candidate in spintronic devices. • The unstrained CrSBr monolayer is a ferromagnetic indirect band gap semiconductor with magnetic anisotropy along the a-axis. • The perpendicular MA of CrSBr is driven by applying the 2% a-axis tensile strain or 3.75% b-axis compressive strain. • The combining contribution and competition effect of the Cr-3d and Br-4p orbits drive the perpendicular MA of CrSBr monolayer. not just the independent action of a single Cr or Br ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Both mechanical and mechanochemical activation methods are effective to improve the chemical activity of iron ore tailings. • Less surface binding energy reflects less crystallinity and higher reactivity. • Ternary IOTs-based SCMs resulted in the comressive strength enhancement and pore structure refinement. The increasing concern for decarbonization calls for sustainable construction materials since carbon dioxide emissions from cement industries account for 8% of the total emissions. Incorporating municipal solid waste into concrete as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is one of the fundamental ways to achieve urban sustainability. Iron ore tailings (IOTs), a type of mining waste from the beneficiation process of iron ore concentrates, can be used as SCMs via various activation methods. While activation of IOTs alone has been a topic of intensive research for years, there is a lack of comprehensive study on mechanical-chemical coupling activation of IOT-based ternary SCMs systems (IOT, fly ash, and ground granulated blast furnace slag) considering the utilization of other industrial by-products and waste. This study investigates the effect of grinding time and chemical activators on the properties of IOT-based ternary SCMs. XRD, XPS, DTA-TG, compression tests, Mercury intrusion porosimetry, and SEM were employed to investigate the crystal structure and crystallinity of IOTs, surface energy, mechanical properties, pore structure, and morphology of the hydration products of the ternary system. The results obtained from this study revealed that an increase in grinding time and chemical activators improved the activity index of IOTs-based ternary SCMs. In addition, Na 2 SiO 3 contributed the most to the activity index among the three types of activators. This work has expanded the possibility of utilizing IOT-based ternary SCMs via proper activation methods for sustainable construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The q -rung orthopair fuzzy Zhenyuan integral is constructed. • An approach is designed to solve the q -rung orthopair fuzzy mathematical programming. • A new integration of the Shapley value and best worst method is developed. • A novel q -rung orthopair fuzzy decision-making method is proposed. • The proposed method is applied to evaluate the mobile medical app. Mobile medical app evaluation can be modelled as a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem with multiple assessment attributes. Due to the increasing complexity and high uncertainty of decision environments, numerical numbers and/or traditional fuzzy sets may not be appropriate to model attribute information of mobile medical apps. In addition, heterogeneous relationships are often observed among different attributes in various practical decision situations. To deal with these issues, a q -rung orthopair fuzzy (q -ROF) MADM approach, which is a very powerful tool for describing vague information occurring in real decision circumstances, is proposed to handle decision-making problems in medical app evaluation. In particular, q -rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (q -ROFNs) are first applied to better express the preference information and expert assessment information. Then, q -ROFNs are extended by combining with Zhenyuan integral, resulting in the q -ROF Zhenyuan integral (q -ROFZI). This integral can capture complementary, redundant and/or independent characteristics among the attributes and is superior to existing operators on q -ROFNs. Next, based on the best-worst method (BWM) and Shapley value, two optimization models are constructed to objectively identify optimal fuzzy measures on the attribute set. Finally, a novel integrated q -ROF MADM approach is proposed and its computation procedure is presented and illustrated with its application to the problem of mobile medical app evaluation. A comparative analysis is carried out to demonstrate the validity, rationality, robustness and superiority of the developed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel slag is a solid waste during steel production, which poses substantial environmental impacts. The present work explored the feasibility of preparing an eco-friendly binder for cemented paste backfill (CPB) using steel slag after being thermal treated. Steel slag was calcined at 600, 800 and 1000 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to study the structure modification on steel slag after thermal treatment. Steel slag calcined at 1000 °C (SS100) showed the highest pozzolanic reactivity due to the formation of dicalcium silicate (C 2 S). SS1000 was then used to prepare binders for CPB supplemented by metakaolin (MK) and silica fume (SF). The results showed that samples with 15 wt% MK and 5 wt% SF addition (P3) demonstrated the optimal performances. After curing for 28 days, the CPB samples (CPB3) using P3 as a binder showed the highest compressive strength (2.88 MPa) at a binder/tailings ratio of 1/4, reaching around 88.7% of that of the CPB samples made using ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Leaching tests showed that all the toxic metals were stabilized in CPB3, which posed no environmental risk. [Display omitted] • Reactivity of steel slag was highly enhanced after calcination at 1000 °C. • C 2 S was detected after calcination at 800 °C. • An eco-friendly binder was prepared using calcined steel slag. • CPB samples showed superior performance using calcined steel slag based binder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomaly detection from data streams is a hotly studied topic in the machine learning domain. It is widely considered a challenging task because the underlying patterns exhibited by the streaming data may dynamically change at any time. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to detect anomalies autonomously for streaming data. The proposed algorithm is nonparametric and does not require any threshold to be preset by users. The algorithmic procedure of the proposed algorithm is composed of the following three complementary stages. Firstly, the potentially anomalous samples that represent highly different patterns from others are identified from data streams based on data density. Then, these potentially anomalous samples are clustered online using the evolving autonomous data partitioning algorithm. Finally, true anomalies are identified from these minor clusters with the least amounts of samples associated with them. Numerical examples based on three benchmark datasets demonstrated the potential of the proposed algorithm as a highly effective approach for anomaly detection from data streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the characteristics of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) in energy saving and emission reduction, as well as giving full play to the complementary advantages of multi-component solid waste. In this study, a new type of AAMs was prepared from oil shale residue (OSR), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), and fly ash (FA). Compressive and flexural strength tests, fluidity experiments, setting time, heat of hydration, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (DTG-TG) were used to analyse the mechanical properties, workability, mineral composition, microstructure, and hydration products of the AAMs. The results showed that the microstructure of AAMs was dense, with high early strength, good mechanical and working properties, and no tendency for retrogressive strength with an increase in the age of maintenance. Under the action of NaOH/Na 2 SiO 3 , there is a synergistic hydration of the water-hard and volcanic ash materials, and the three raw materials have synergistic hydration properties and indispensable coupling mechanisms. Meanwhile, the effect of the activator content on AAMs is bidirectional. The OSR, GGBFS, and FA in the AAMs exhibited faster hydration reactions under the action of NaOH/Na 2 SiO 3 and abundant hydration products, which mainly included C-S-H, C-A-S-H, N-A-S-H, and small amounts of CaCO 3 , hydrotalcite (HT), and Ettringite (AFt). The specimens all met the requirements of the 42.5-grade composite silicate cement, and some specimens reached the strength requirements of the 62.5-grade silicate cement or above. OSR has great potential as a silicate-aluminate material, and this study provides a solid foundation for its further development and utilisation. • Oil shale residue was added into to blended slag/fly ash alkali activated binder system. • There is a synergistic effect of OSR-GGBFS-FA. • All specimens are comparable with Portland cement 42.5, even to Portland cement 62.5. • The hydration products are C-S-H, C-A-S-H, N-A-S-H gels, calcite, hydrotalcite, and AFt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A multiscale superpixel reconstruction method was developed to generate the Difference Image. • A two-stage center-constrained FCM algorithm was designed to deal with imbalanced data clustering. • CWNN combined with DCGAN was adopted to classify hard pixels. Small area change detection using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is a highly challenging task, due to speckle noise and imbalance between classes (changed and unchanged). In this paper, a robust unsupervised approach is proposed for small area change detection using deep learning techniques. First, a multi-scale superpixel reconstruction method is developed to generate a difference image (DI), which can suppress the speckle noise effectively and enhance edges by exploiting local, spatially homogeneous information. Second, a two-stage centre-constrained fuzzy c -means clustering algorithm is proposed to divide the pixels of the DI into changed, unchanged and intermediate classes with a parallel clustering strategy. Image patches belonging to the first two classes are then constructed as pseudo-label training samples, and image patches of the intermediate class are treated as testing samples. Finally, a convolutional wavelet neural network (CWNN) is designed and trained to classify testing samples into changed or unchanged classes, coupled with a deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) to increase the number of changed class within the pseudo-label training samples. Numerical experiments on four real SAR datasets demonstrate the validity and robustness of the proposed approach, achieving up to 99.61% accuracy for small area change detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This study reported using biowashing to remove impurities and heavy metals in PG. • Washed-PG was added to cement can improve the early strength of samples by 20–30%. • Biomineralization can effectively remove 74–77% of P and F impurities in PG. • Removal efficiency of P and F in CPG by biowashing is better than that in RPG. • The concentrations of 12 heavy metals in samples were reduced by 50–90% by biowashing. In the previous studies, chemical, physical, and heat treatment methods are commonly used to treat waste phosphogypsum (PG). This study reports a new method that uses biowashing to remove phosphorus, fluorine impurities, and 12 kinds of heavy metals in PG. Raw phosphogypsum (RPG) and calcined phosphogypsum (CPG) were treated by biowashing, and the potential of treated PG used for cement paste preparation was investigated. The effects of biosolution on the stability of PG and the growth of bacteria in RPG and CPG were analyzed by zeta potential and optical density. A series of characterization tests were used to analyze the removal of impurity in PG after biowashing. Additionally, the removal ratio for the impurities, compressive strength, and leaching behavior of PG-incorporated cement paste (PGC) were discussed, and the mechanism was revealed according to the test results. The results showed that, compared with RPG, the growth of bacteria was better in CPG, and the phase of CPG after biowashing was more stable. Biomineralization could effectively remove 74–77% of phosphorus and fluorine impurities in PG, but the removal ratio in CPG was 45–55% higher than that in RPG. The PG after biowashing contained a large amount of calcium carbonate, which improved the early strength of the PGC by 15–20%. Compared with PGC, the leaching concentration of heavy metals in biowashed-PG incorporated cement (APGC) decreased by 50–90%. Biowahing removes the impurities mainly by turning the insoluble impurities into soluble H 3 PO 4 and HF, which are filtered out with bacterial solutions. This study provides a new idea for the management of PG and expands the application field of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology is difficult to be used for phosphogypsum (PG) treatment because the pH of PG is too low to be suitable for the growth of some bacteria. When acidophilus bacteria are used to treat PG, their low mineralization rate leads to low removal of the impurities. Based on the above problems, this study reports a new method that uses enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) modified acidophilus bacteria solution to remove phosphorus (P) and fluorine (F) in PG. Five kinds of mixtures of MICP and EICP (ME) were used to leach the PG column, and its mechanism was discussed. The results show that when the ratio of MICP to EICP is 2:1, the removal ratio of P and F is the highest, which reaches 72.87–74.92%. Compared with the single traditional bacillus solution or single acidophilic bacteria solution, the impurity removal ratio of the ME21 (MICP:EICP=2:1) mixture is increased by about 13%. The good acid resistance of the urease enzyme and acidophilic bacteria improves their growth and activity, thus increasing the biomineralization rate by about 22%. Additionally, the ME treatment is 30% cheaper than the traditional binder treatment. Therefore, this new treatment is a low-cost and environmentally friendly method. • Enzyme-induced modified microbially induced carbonate precipitation method. • Impurities removal ratio of EM mixture is 13% higher than that of single MICP solution. • The biomass and urease activity of the EM mixture in PG are both improved. • The cost of EM mixture is 30% lower than that of the traditional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In construction engineering and mining engineering, CaCl 2 is the most commonly used calcium source in microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology because it can generate CaCO 3 , which has a high degree of crystallization and is thermodynamically stable, in tailings or soil. However, this calcium source is not the best choice for biocement. This study aims to compare the stability, strength, NH 3 emission, and other effects of CaCl 2 , Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 , and Ca(NO 3) 2 in bio-cement to determine the best calcium source for bio-cement. The results indicate that after curing for 28 days, the strength of bio-cement with Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 as its calcium source is higher than that with CaCl 2 and Ca(NO 3) 2 as calcium sources. After adding cement to three calcium sources (CaCl 2 , Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 , and Ca(NO 3) 2), the CH 3 COO− sample is more stable and has higher biomass and urease activity than the Cl− and NO 3 − samples. Since CH 3 COO− is a weak acid, CH 3 COOH generated by CH 3 COO− can easily react with NH 3 under the alkaline condition provided by cement, reducing NH 3 emissions. When Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 was used as a calcium source, the NH 3 emission of its sample decreased by 54.2% and 51.4% compared with CaCl 2 and Ca(NO 3) 2. Therefore, CH 3 COO−, as an anionic calcium source, will have more application prospects than CaCl 2 and Ca(NO 3) in bio-cement production. [Display omitted] • Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 used as the calcium source is more suitable than others for biocement. • Part of CH 3 COO− reacts with NH 3 to generate CH 3 COONH 4 , reducing NH 3 emissions. • CH 3 COO− improves the mineralization rate of MICP because of its large relative molar mass. • Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 helps to generate more CaCO 3 to improve the compactness of biocement. • The stability of Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 in biocement is higher than that of CaCl 2 and Ca(NO 3) 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MICP technology is used to cement iron tailings backfill. • The effects of microbial content, pH and curing time on the MIB are studied. • The strength of the MIB is greater than that of the untreated sample. • The optimal pH for microorganisms growth in the iron tailings backfill is 9. • The CaCO 3 generated by the MICP can fill the gaps in the backfill and smooth its surface. In the traditional backfill mining engineering, cement cementation method is generally adopted, but it has high cost and emits a large amount of CO 2 , which aggravates the greenhouse effect. So that it is important to find a green and environmentally friendly cementing materials to replace cement cementation. Thus, in this paper, microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an emerging technology used to assist in cementing iron tailings, and the strength differences between the blank group (CG) and the microbial-cemented iron tailings-based backfill (MIB) are compared, and the purpose is to study the effect of microbial-cemented on mechanical properties of iron tailings backfill and its mechanism analysis. In this study, unconfined compressive strength test, analysis of XRD, TG, SEM and other methods are used, and it is found that pH, inoculated-microbial quantity and curing time all have effects on the MIB. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: The strength of the backfill treated by MICP technology is 5.45–63.33 % higher than that of the CG, further, the optimal pH for microorganisms growth in the iron tailings backfill is 9, the optimal inoculated-microbial quantity is 4 mL when the curing time is 7 d and so on. Finally, the toxicity of MIB leaching is evaluated. The microbial-cemented technology used in this study can provide a test and scientific basis for the application of MICP technology in mining and materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic-containing biohydrometallurgy waste (BW) is used to prepare a cementitious material, on the one hand, to solve the problem of lack of cheaper and greener binder for cemented paste backfill (CPB), on the other hand, to alleviate the arsenic pollution caused by BW. The binders were prepared by mixing blast furnace slag (BFS), BW, and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The influence of mix proportions on the binder properties was investigated, including reaction kinetics, strength development, phase assembles of hydration products and arsenic (As) immobilization effects. Isothermal calorimeter analysis suggests that the binder reaction kinetics were highly determined by the mix proportions, and more BW addition decreased the reaction rate according to the Krstulovic-Dabic model. The optimal mix proportion of binder is 65–30-5, i.e., 65 wt% blast furnace slag, 30 wt% BW, and 5 wt% OPC. The compressive strength of this sample after curing for 3 days and 60 days is about 9.25 MPa and 40.88 MPa, respectively, and the hydration products mainly consist of ettringite and calcium silicate aluminate hydrate (C-(A)-S-H). Additionally, arsenic can be effectively immobilized in the binder, resulting from the denser structure (physical encapsulation) and ion exchange between arsenate and sulfate in ettringite. [Display omitted] • BW was used to prepare a cementitious material for CPB. • Binder 65–30-5 showed the highest compressive strength. • The hydration products mainly consisted of ettringite and C-(A)-S-H. • As could be effectively immobilized in the binder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel collector (DODHA) was used in fluorite/calcite/barite flotation separation. • Effective enrichment of fluorite in the absence of depressant can be achieved. • DODHA is lattice matched with fluorite surface favors the adsorption of DODHA. • Steric hindrance also plays a key part in determining the selectivity of DODHA. During fluorite flotation, the separation efficiency of fluorite from barite and calcite was low owing to their similar surface properties, therefore, developing highly selective flotation collector for fluorite is urgently needed. In this study, a novel surfactant, dioctyl di-hydroxamic acid (DODHA), was found as an effective collector for flotation separation of fluorite, calcite, and barite. Results from flotation tests suggested that the effective enrichment of fluorite from calcite and barite could be realized without the addition of depressants. FTIR, ζ potential, and XPS results indicated that the interaction between DODHA and fluorite was strong, whereas the adsorption of DODHA on calcite and barite was negligible. The DFT calculation, surface property, and molecular structure analysis results indicated that the steric hindrance and lattice matching between DODHA and mineral surface determined the superior selectivity of DODHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cemented paste backfill (CPB) favors the sustainable development of mine industry. However, as the primary cementitious binders in CPB, the high cost of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) discourages CPB utilization. In the present work, low-carbon and low-cost binders activated by Na 2 CO 3 supplemented by calcined quarry dust were used in CPB. The binder was prepared using a 'one-part' method. It was found that binders prepared using 8% Na 2 CO 3 and 5% CQD show the best performance. The superior properties of the binders were attributed to the promoted binder hydration and special phase assembles of the hydration products. Cost and carbon emission analysis showed that Na 2 CO 3 activated binder was cheaper and greener. The cost and CO 2 emission of binder B8Q5 were lower than OPC by around 34.16% and 87.76%, respectively. Besides, leaching tests showed that all the toxic metals were stabilized, which posed no environmental risk. • A novel 'one-part' sodium carbonate activated binders is proposed. • CQD modified 'one-part' sodium carbonate activated binders showed superior mechanical and environmental performance. • Ht and M-S-H gels intermixed with C-(A)-S-H gels. • The heavy metals leaching from the CPB samples with 5% CQD addition fulfilled the standard limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A jointed Dreiding-ClayFF force field is used to study adsorption mechanism of amine surfactants on quartz. • The solvated quartz and surfactant systems are built in a range of pH values. • Two amine surfactants, DDA and LAO, have different adsorption properties in various pH environments. • The simulation results are closely consistent with flotation tests. In this study, ClayFF and Dreiding force fields are jointed to model the adsorption of amine surfactants or their hydrolysate species on the solvated quartz surface under a wide range of pH values. As two case studies, cationic surfactant DDA (dodecylamine) and amphoteric surfactant LAO (N,N-Dimethylaminopropyldodecylamide oxide) are respectively selected as typical surfactants in molecular dynamic simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that DDA and LAO have excellent adsorption under natural conditions, but they have different adsorption mechanisms owing to their different polar groups. The polar group (-RN+H 3) of hydrolysis DDA can penetrate the first hydration layer and perpendicularly adsorb on the quartz surface via strong electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonds. Compared with DDA, the hydrolysis LAO has a larger polar group consisting of R 2 N+→OH and -C(=O)NH– and its polar group lay horizontally around the first hydration layer rather than penetrate it. Besides, the adsorption of amine surfactants on quartz is inferred as multilayer based on the partial density distributions (PDD) analysis results. Subsequently, we determined the adsorption amounts, adsorption configurations and interaction energy that agreed with the quartz recovery in flotation test with a wide range of pH values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel collector (OBHA) was synthesized and firstly used in bastnaesite flotation. • OBHA exhibited strong collecting ability and good selectivity. • OBHA can achieve the flotation separation of bastnaesite from calcite and barite. • Lattice matching plays an important role in selective adsorption process. In order to improve the flotation separation efficiency of bastnaesite from barite and calcite, a novel collector, octylamino- bis -(butanohydroxamic acid) (OBHA), with large molecular structure and two functional groups was synthesized based on the molecular design of flotation reagents theory. OBHA was adopted as collector in both single, mixed binary and mixed ternary mineral flotation, the results indicated that bastnaesite could be selectively enriched from mixed mineral. Zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and DFT calculation were performed to study the selective adsorption mechanism of OBHA. Zeta potential measurements, FTIR spectra analysis and XPS detection demonstrated that OBHA was chemically adsorbed on bastnaesite surface, whereas the interaction between OBHA with calcite and barite was weak. DFT calculation results indicated OBHA matched well with bastnaesite surface thereby improved the selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this study was to conduct a methodical examination and assessment of the prognostic efficacy exhibited by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived radiomic models concerning the preoperative prediction of lymph-vascular space infiltration (LVSI) in cervical cancer cases. A comprehensive and thorough exploration of pertinent academic literature was undertaken by two investigators, employing the resources of the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The scope of this research was bounded by a publication cutoff date of May 15, 2023. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies that utilized radiomic models based on MRI to prognosticate the accuracy of preoperative LVSI estimation in instances of cervical cancer. The Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 framework and the Radiomic Quality Score metric were employed. This investigation included nine distinct research studies, enrolling a total of 1,406 patients. The diagnostic performance metrics of MRI-based radiomic models in the prediction of preoperative LVSI among cervical cancer patients were determined as follows: sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI]=77%-87%), specificity of 74% (95% CI=69%-79%), and a corresponding AUC of summary receiver operating characteristic measuring 0.86 (95% CI=0.82-0.88). The results of the synthesized meta-analysis did not reveal substantial heterogeneity.This meta-analysis suggests the robust diagnostic proficiency of the MRI-based radiomic model in the prognostication of preoperative LVSI within the cohort of cervical cancer patients. In the future, radiomics holds the potential to emerge as a widely applicable noninvasive modality for the early detection of LVSI in the context of cervical cancer., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (© 2025. Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology, Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology, and Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology.)

The direct discharge of boron mud poses significant environmental hazards to soil and groundwater. Despite extensive research efforts, the reprocessing of boron mud has not yielded significant advancements. Recently, the development of magnesium cement has spurred interest in the reutilization of boron mud. However, the direct treatment of boron mud remains challenging, necessitating pre-treatment in most studies to achieve substantial results. Consequently, research on the direct incorporation of untreated boron mud is scarce. This study explores the feasibility of using uncalcined boron mud as a base material in basic magnesium sulfate cement (BMSC), composed of lightly calcined magnesia and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. The effects of varying boron mud content on the compressive strength of the BMSC system were investigated. The results indicate that the 5·1·7 phase is the primary strength phase of BMSC. When the boron mud content is 30%, the uncalcined boron mud has a minimal impact on the formation of the 5·1·7 phase. Additionally, the 28 days compressive strength of BMSC-B30 showed a slight difference compared to the control group BMSC-C, registering at 66.7 MPa. TG-DSC analysis revealed that the presence of a small amount of boron mud inhibits the micro-expansion trend of the BMSC structure. Furthermore, XRD and SEM analyses confirmed that the addition of uncalcined boron mud does not significantly alter the phase structure of the 5·1·7 phase in BMSC. This study provides a foundational basis for the long-term development of direct boron mud treatment.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is often considered one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, characterized by a high recurrence rate and low overall survival (OS). It is notorious for posing challenges related to drug resistance. While there has been progress in TNBC research, the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance in TNBC remain largely elusive. We collect single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from five TNBC patients susceptible to chemotherapy and five resistant cases. Comprehensive analyses involving copy number variation (CNV), pseudotime trajectory, cell-cell interactions, pseudospace analysis, as well as transcription factor and functional enrichment are conducted specifically on macrophages and malignant cells. Furthermore, we performed validation experiments on clinical samples using multiplex immunofluorescence. We identified a subset of SPP1 + macrophages that secrete SPP1 signals interacting with CD44 on malignant cell surfaces, potentially activating the PDE3B pathway within malignant cells via the integrin pathway, leading to chemotherapy resistance. The abnormally enhanced SPP1 signal between macrophages and malignant cells may serve as a factor promoting chemotherapy resistance in TNBC patients. Therefore, SPP1 + macrophages could potentially serve as a therapeutic target to reduce chemotherapy resistance., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Photon management strategies are crucial to improve the efficiency of perovskite thin film (PTF) solar cell. In this work, a nano-cone (NC) based 2D photonic nanostructure is designed and simulated aiming at achieve superior light trapping performance by introducing strong light scattering and interferences within perovskite active layer. Compared to the planar PTF solar cell, the NC nanostructured device with 45 degrees half apex angle obtains highest short-circuit current density, which improved over 20% from 15.00 mA/cm 2 to 18.09 mA/cm 2 . This work offers an alternative design towards effective light trapping performance using 2D photonic nanostructure for PTF solar cell and could potentially be adopted as the nano-structuring strategy for the future perovskite solar cell industry., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Few studies have shown that radial artery (RA), which is used as a secondary arterial graft, offers superior results compared with right internal thoracic artery (RIMA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In a meta-analysis of observational studies starting in 2023, we looked at the effect of re-operation on postoperative infection and haemorrhage in CABG with RA vs. RIMA. The electronic database up to October 2023 was examined in the course of the research. Analysis was carried out on the clinical trials of postoperative wound infections and haemorrhage re-surgery. Among 912 trials associated with CABG, we selected 8 trials to be included in the final data analysis. The main results were secondary wound infection and re-operation after surgery. The odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CIs) were computed on the basis of a randomized or fixed-effect model of wound infection and re-operation. Seven trials showed a significant reduction in the risk of wound infection in RA treated as a secondary artery transplant compared with RIMA (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.03, 2.47 p = 0.04); Four trials showed that RIMA was not significantly different from RA in the rate of re-operation for postoperative bleeding (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.60, 2.88 p = 0.50). In CABG, RA is used as a secondary arterial conduit graft to lower the risk of wound infection in CABG patients., (© 2024 The Authors. International Wound Journal published by Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Solid waste management is a critical issue worldwide. Effectively utilizing these solid waste resources presents a viable solution. This study focuses on Iron ore tailings (IOTs), a solid waste generated during iron ore processing, which can be used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) but have low reactivity, hindering their large-scale application in concrete production. To address this, ternary SCMs were prepared using ceramic powder (CP) and steel slag (SS) to enhance the performance of concrete incorporating IOTs. The study found that the synergistic effect of CP and SS significantly improved the compressive strength of concrete, with a notable increase of up to 21% compared to concrete with IOTs alone. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and backscattering electron (BSE) analyses revealed that the ternary SCMs significantly optimized the characteristics of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), which in turn enhanced the compressive properties of the concrete. This contributed to maintaining the structural integrity of the concrete, even amidst variations in the pore structure. Importantly, the incorporation of ternary SCMs led to a 23% reduction in carbon emissions, from 400.01 kg CO 2 /m 3 to 307.48 kg CO 2 /m 3 , and elevated eco-strength efficiency from 0.1 to 0.14. The study highlights the role of multi-material synergy in developing composite SCMs systems, fostering the sustainable advancement of green building materials., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The occurrence and progression of lung cancer are correlated with telomeres and telomerase. Telomere length is reduced in the majority of tumors, including lung cancers. Telomere length variations have been associated with lung cancer risk and may serve as therapeutic targets as well as predictive biomarkers for lung cancer. Nevertheless, the effects of telomere-associated genes on lung cancer prognosis have not been thoroughly studied. We aim to investigate the relationship between telomere-associated genes and lung cancer prognosis., Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases were used as training sets to build a predictive model. Three integrated Gene Expression Omnibus datasets served as validation sets. Using cluster consistency analysis and regression with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, we developed a telomere-related gene risk signature (TMGsig) based on 11 overall survival-related genes ( RBBP8 , PLK1 , DSG2 , HOXA7 , ANAPC4 , CSNK1E , SYAP1 , ALDOA , PHF1 , MUTYH , and PGS1 )., Results: The results indicated a negative outcome for the high-risk score group. Immunological microenvironment and somatic mutations differed between the high- and low-risk groups. A statistically significant difference existed between the low-risk and high-risk groups in terms of the expression levels of B cells and CD4 cells, and the risk score was essentially inversely linked with immune cell expression., Conclusions: TMGsig can predict outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.)

New satellite remote sensing and machine learning techniques offer untapped possibilities to monitor global biodiversity with unprecedented speed and precision. These efficiencies promise to reveal novel ecological insights at spatial scales which are germane to the management of populations and entire ecosystems. Here, we present a robust transferable deep learning pipeline to automatically locate and count large herds of migratory ungulates (wildebeest and zebra) in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem using fine-resolution (38-50 cm) satellite imagery. The results achieve accurate detection of nearly 500,000 individuals across thousands of square kilometers and multiple habitat types, with an overall F1-score of 84.75% (Precision: 87.85%, Recall: 81.86%). This research demonstrates the capability of satellite remote sensing and machine learning techniques to automatically and accurately count very large populations of terrestrial mammals across a highly heterogeneous landscape. We also discuss the potential for satellite-derived species detections to advance basic understanding of animal behavior and ecology., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that fetal-derived tissue-resident macrophages have developmental functions. It has been proposed that macrophages promote testicular functions, but which macrophage populations are involved is unclear. Previous studies showed that macrophages play critical roles in fetal testis morphogenesis and described two adult testicular macrophage populations, interstitial and peritubular. There has been debate regarding the hematopoietic origins of testicular macrophages and whether distinct macrophage populations promote specific testicular functions. Here our hematopoietic lineage-tracing studies in mice show that yolk-sac-derived macrophages comprise the earliest testicular macrophages, while fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate monocytes that colonize the gonad during a narrow time window in a Sertoli-cell-dependent manner and differentiate into adult testicular macrophages. Finally, we show that yolk-sac-derived versus HSC-derived macrophages have distinct functions during testis morphogenesis, while interstitial macrophages specifically promote adult Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Our findings provide insight into testicular macrophage origins and their tissue-specific roles., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The research was aimed at discussing the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided polymer nanocarriers in the clinical treatment of tumors by chemoradiotherapy and oxidation treatment. Twenty female Balb/cAnN (BALB/C) mice were selected as the research objects in the experiment. These mice were set up as tumor-bearing mice, and then ultrasound-guided polymers with different doses, including polyethylene glycol-poly 2-bromoethyl methacrylate (PEG-PBEMA) (Micelle group), free small molecules called l-ascorbyl palmitate (PA) (PA group), PA-micelle micellar particles (PA-Micelle group) prepared in the research, and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (PBS group) were adopted. Besides, the growth of mice was recorded and compared after each operation. Meanwhile, different concentrations of PA-Micelle micellar particles and free small molecules of PA were added to the breast cancer cells of mice, and the concentration changes of glutathione (GSH) were detected to test the oxidation treatment ability of this method. According to the results of the experiment, the tumor volume of mice in the PA-Micelle group prepared in the research was the smallest followed by the PA group, and the tumor volume of mice in the Micelle group was the third smallest. The mice in the PBS group had the largest tumors among mice in all four groups. In oxidation treatment, the GSH concentration of mice in the PA-Micelle group was the lowest, while the GSH concentration of mice in the PA group was almost unchanged. The results of this experiment proved that the therapeutic effect of polymer nanocarriers in tumor chemotherapy and oxidation treatment was more significant than in traditional drug treatment.

The optimization of open pit mine production scheduling is not only a multistage decision-making problem but also involves space-time dynamic action among multiple factors, which makes it difficult to optimize production capacity, mining sequence, mining life, and other factors simultaneously in optimizing design. In addition, the production capacity is disorderly expanded, the calculation scale is large, and the optimization time is long. Therefore, this article designs a mobile capacity search domain method to improve computing efficiency without omitting the optimal production capacity. At the same time, taking the maximum net present value as the objective function, an enumeration method is used to optimize the possible paths in different capacity domains and calculate the infrastructure investment and facility idle cost required to meet the maximum production capacity on each possible path to control the disorderly expansion and violent fluctuation of production capacity. The research shows that the open pit mine production scheduling optimization algorithm proposed in this article can not only realize the simultaneous optimization of the three elements of production capacity, mining sequence, and mining life but also improve the computing efficiency by 200 times. Furthermore, the production capacity fluctuation is less than 1.4%. The mining life of the mine is extended by 13 years, and the overall economic benefit is increased by 18%., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Recently, the increasing of ultrafine-tailings increases the amount of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in cemented paste backfill (CPB), which leads to the rise of CPB cost and carbon emission. As a result, it is necessary to develop alternative binders. The present work focuses on the preparation of a new binder, which is activated by a mixture of calcined quarry dust (CQD) and NaOH at a mass ratio of 1:1. The results indicated that CQD/NaOH was more effective than using NaOH or CQD alone in activating blast furnace slag (BFS) and also showed better performance than OPC. The compressive strength of the CPB samples using 10% CQD/NaOH was around 3.78 MPa after curing for 90 days, around 42% higher than the OPC-based CPB samples. The reaction products of CQD/NaOH-activated BFS consisted mainly of C-(A)-S-H, hydrotalcite like phases (Ht), and M-S-H. The generation of Ht phases lowered the Al incorporation into the structure of C-S-H, resulting in lower average Al/Si ratio and mean chain length., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)