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Originating in South America, wheat blast disease has spread to both Asia and Africa and is considered a significant threat to food security. Bangladesh experienced the first outbreak of wheat blast outside of the Americas in 2016. Shortly thereafter, the blast-resistant variety BARI Gom 33 was released. Seeds of this variety are however not as widely available as required, although the disease threat remains. While varietal mixtures have been shown to mitigate some symptoms and yield losses associated with other fungal diseases in wheat, there is a complete research gap on this topic as it pertains to wheat blast. As such, we evaluated the potential of using BARI Gom 33 as a component of a variety mixture under high disease pressure in Bangladesh. During three cropping seasons, blast symptoms and yield were determined in a field experiment for the highly blast-susceptible variety BARI Gom 26, the moderately susceptible BARI Gom 30, the resistant BARI Gom 33, and seven mixture combinations of the three varieties using artificial inoculation to increase disease pressure. In addition to wheat blast, Bipolaris leaf blight (BpLB) symptoms were observed and evaluated. While yields of the susceptible varieties were severely affected by blast even after fungicide application, disease-inflicted yield loss without fungicide was only 15% for sole BARI Gom 33 and did not differ significantly from yield losses in BARI Gom 33 and BARI Gom 30 mixtures. Furthermore, in the mixture containing 67% BARI Gom 33 and 33% BARI Gom 30, blast incidence and severity were reduced by 25% and 16%, respectively, in comparison to weighted values in sole stands. Conversely, mixing varieties tended to increase the symptoms of BpLB. Under high wheat blast pressure, fungicide protection against blast was relatively weak, underscoring the importance of resistant varieties. Although variety mixtures did not increase yield, the yield advantage of BARI Gom 33 was maintained when its seeds were mixed with the less resistant BARI Gom 30. This study confirms recommendations that farmers should use BARI Gom 33 as a first line of defense against wheat blast in Bangladesh. Yet where farmers cannot access sufficient BARI Gom 33 seed for planting, our data suggest that agricultural extension services can recommend this variety with non-resistant cultivars as interim strategy without significant risk of yield loss., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Timothy J. Krupnik reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/100000200USAID, 10.13039/501100000974ACIAR, the 10.13039/100000865Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and 10.13039/501100015815CGIAR. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

We demonstrate a lithium (Li) imbued TiO x iontronic device that exhibits synapse-like short-term plasticity behavior without requiring a forming process beforehand or a compliance current during switching. A solid-state electrolyte lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) behaves as the ion source, and the embedding and releasing of Li ions inside the cathodic like TiO x renders volatile conductance responses from the device and offers a natural platform for hardware simulating neuron functionalities. Besides, these devices possess high uniformity and great endurance as no conductive filaments are present. Different short-term pulse-based phenomena, including paired pulse facilitation, post-tetanic potentiation, and spike rate-dependent plasticity, were observed with self-relaxation characteristics. Based on the voltage excitation period, the time scale of the volatile memory can be tuned. Temperature measurement reveals the ion displacement-induced conductance channels become frozen below 220 K. In addition, the volatile analog devices can be configured into nonvolatile memory units with multibit storage capabilities after an electroforming process. Therefore, on the same platform, we can configure volatile units as nonlinear dynamic reservoirs for performing neuromorphic training and the nonvolatile units as the weight storage layer. We proceed to use voice recognition as an example with the tunable time constant relationship and obtain 94.4% accuracy with a minimal training data set. Thus, this iontronic platform can effectively process and update temporal information for reservoir and neuromorphic computing paradigms.

Among various metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, L-PBF is known for fabricating intricate components. However, due to step edges and powder particle attachments, attaining a good surface finish is challenging, especially on downskin surfaces. Contour scanning has potential to improve surface quality because such scanning may dominate the surface formation of sloped features. This study evaluates the effects of pre- and post-contouring strategies on the sloped downskin surfaces fabricated using a commercial L-PBF system with Ti6Al4V powder. L-PBF parts printed at inclination angles 30°, 45° and 60° were investigated. A double-contouring approach with varying processing conditions was employed and surface characteristics were analyzed using data acquired by white light interferometry. The average surface roughness, S a , surface skewness, S sk , and percentage area of powder particles attached onto surfaces were statistically evaluated. The lowest S a obtained for pre- and post-contoured samples is 14.08 µm and 18.88 µm, respectively. For both strategies, the combination of a low laser power and a high scan speed on the interface of downskin surface and underneath powder results in smoother surfaces. However, while comparing both strategies, pre-contouring gives better surface finish for samples built at similar processing conditions, with a difference of nearly 5 µm in S a .

Introduction: Monkeypox (mpox) is an evolving infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). On July 23, 2022, the WHO declared the recent mpox outbreaks a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), which terminated on May 11, 2023. As of July 11, 2023, 88,288 confirmed cases and 149 deaths have been reported from 112 countries and territories. Currently, mpox is not a PHEIC, as the outbreak and its impacts are nearly over. Nurses played significant roles during the mpox 2022 outbreak as frontline workers., Purpose: In light of the impending mpox global outbreak in 2022, this brief report provides an update on the enormous difficulties faced by frontline nurses while playing a crucial role in handling the mpox outbreak and some potential solutions to these difficulties. The methodological framework employed in this narrative brief report involves conducting a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of relevant literature and hypothetical scenarios. The aim is to put forth practical strategies that can effectively tackle the difficulties encountered by frontline nurses in the context of the mpox outbreak. Additionally, the report seeks to envision a healthcare system that is more resilient in the face of future challenges., Conclusion: It is important to understand the challenges the nurses face from their perspective. As frontline health care workers, the various health issues of nurses and their concerns must be taken care of appropriately by adopting optimum health service practices, adequate safety measures, recommended precautionary measures, and boosting them mentally while handling mpox patients. Counseling and the arrangement of workshops are required. Appropriate care should be taken to address the various health issues concerning nurses by adopting health service practices at optimum levels. Side by side, recommended safety and precautionary measures should be followed., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Background: Hypomethylating agents combined with venetoclax are effective regimens in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Decitabine and cedazuridine (ASTX727) is an oral formulation of decitabine that achieves equivalent area-under-curve exposure to intravenous decitabine. We performed a single centre phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ASTX727 plus venetoclax., Methods: This study enrolled patients with newly diagnosed (frontline treatment group) acute myeloid leukaemia who were ineligible for intensive chemotherapy (aged ≥75 years, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] performance status of 2-3, or major comorbidities) or relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia. Being aged 18 years or older and having an ECOG performance status of 2 or less were requirements for the relapsed or refractory disease treatment cohort, without any limits in the number of previous lines of therapy. Treatment consisted of ASTX727 (cedazuridine 100 mg and decitabine 35 mg) orally for 5 days and venetoclax 400 mg orally for 21-28 days in 28-day cycles. The primary outcome was overall response rate of ASTX727 plus venetoclax. Living patients who have not completed cycle one were not evaluable for response. Safety was analysed in all patients who started treatment. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04746235) and is ongoing. The data cutoff date for this analysis was Sept 22, 2023., Findings: Between March 16, 2021, and Sept 18, 2023, 62 patients were enrolled (49 frontline and 13 relapsed or refractory) with a median age of 78 years (IQR 73-82). 36 (58%) were male; 53 (85%) were White, 4 (6%) Black, 2 (3%) Asian and 3 (5%) other or did not answer. 48 (77%) of 62 patients were European LeukemiaNet 2022 adverse risk, 24 (39%) had antecedent myelodysplastic syndromes, 12 (19%) had previously failed a hypomethylating agent, ten (16%) had therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia, and 11 (18%) had TP53 mutations. The median follow-up time was 18·3 months (IQR 8·8-23·3). The overall response rate was 30 (64%) of 47 patients (95% CI 49-77) in frontline cohort and six (46%) of 13 patients (19-75) in relapsed or refractory cohort. The most common grade 3 or worse treatment-emergent adverse events were febrile neutropenia in 11 (18%) of 62 patients, pneumonia in eight (13%), respiratory failure in five (8%), bacteraemia in four (6%), and sepsis in four (6%). Three deaths occurred in patients in remission (one sepsis, one gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and one respiratory failure) and were potentially treatment related., Interpretation: ASTX727 plus venetoclax is an active fully oral regimen and safe in most older or unfit patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Our findings should be confirmed in larger multicentric studies., Funding: MD Anderson Cancer Center Support Grant, Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Moon Shot, Leukemia SPORE, Taiho Oncology, and Astex Pharmaceuticals., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests GG-M declares grants from Astex, Novartis, AbbVie, Genentech, Aprea, Curis, and Gilead; consulting fees from Astex, Acceleron, and BMS; and payment or honoraria from Astex, Acceleron, AbbVie, Gilead, Curis, Genentech, and BMS. NS declares research funding from Takeda Oncology, Astellas Pharma, Xencor, Stemline Therapeutics, and NextCure; consulting fees from Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, NKARTA, Autolus, and Sanofi; and payment or honoraria from Adaptive Biotechnologies, Novartis, Amgen, Takeda Oncology, Pfizer, Astellas Pharma, Sanofi, and BeiGene. GI declares grants from Celgene, Kura Oncology, Syndax, Merck, Cullinan, and Novartis and consulting fees from Novartis, Kura Oncology, and Nuprobe. NJ declares research funding from Pharmacyclics, AbbVie, Genentech, AstraZeneca, BMS, Pfizer, ADC Therapeutics, Cellectis, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Precision Biosciences, Fate Therapeutics, Kite and Gilead, Mingsight, Takeda, Medisix, Loxo Oncology, Novalgen, Dialectic Therapeutics, Newave, TransThera Sciences, Novartis, Carna Biosciences, Sana Biotechnology, and Kisoji Biotechnology and honoraria or advisory board participation from Pharmacyclics, Janssen, AbbVie, Genentech, AstraZeneca, BMS, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Kite and Gilead, Precision Biosciences, Beigene, Cellectis, MEI Pharma, Ipsen, CareDX, MingSight, and Novalgen. AM declares research funding from Lin Biosciences and Chimeric Therapeutics and travel support from Cero Bio. EJ declares grants from AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, Pfizer, and Takeda and consulting fees from AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, BMS, Genentech, Incyte, Novartis, Pfizer, and Takeda. CDD declares grants from AbbVie, Astex, ImmuneOnc, BMS, Cleave, Foghorn, Loxo, Rigel, and Servier; consulting fees from Amgen, AbbVie, Astellas, BMS, Genmab, GSK, Gilead, Jazz, Shrodinger, Servier, and Stemline; payment or honoraria from AbbVie, Astellas, BMS, Jazz, and Servier; travel support from Servier; and participation on a data safety board for Genmab. TK declares grants from BMS, AbbVie, Amgen, Ascentage Pharma Group, Astellas Pharma, DrenBio, Astex, AstraZeneca, BMS, Celgene, Incyte, Cellenkos, Cyclacel, Delta-Fly Pharma, Genentech, Genfleet, Glycomimetics, Iterion, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Pulmotect, Regeneron, and SELLAS; consulting fees from AbbVie, Agios, Daiichi Sankyo, Genentech, Genzyme, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Liberum, Novartis, Pfizer, PinotBio, Pulmotect, Sanofi-Aventis, and Servier; and payment or honoraria from AbbVie, Agios, Daiichi Sankyo, DAVA Oncology, Delta-Fly, DrenBio, Genentech, Genfleet, Genzyme, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Liberum, Novartis, Pfizer, Rigel, Sanofi-Aventis, SELLAS, and Servier. ND declares grants from Daiichi-Sankyo, BMS, Pfizer, Gilead, Servier, Genentech, Astellas, AbbVie, ImmunoGen, Amgen, Trillium, Hanmi, Trovagene, FATE Therapeutics, Novimmune, Glycomimetics, and KITE and consulting fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, BMS, Pfizer, Gilead, Servier, Genentech, Astellas, AbbVie, ImmunoGen, Amgen, Trillium, Arog, Novartis, Jazz, Celgene, Syndax, Shattuck Labs, Agios, KITE, and Stemline and Menarini. MK declares grants from AbbVie, Genentech, Gilead, ImmunoGen, MEI Pharma, Precision Biosciences, Rafael Pharmaceutical, Sanofi-Aventis, and Stemline Therapeutics; consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Boehringer, Hoffman-La Roche, Genentech, Gilead, Janssen, Legend Biotech, MEI Pharma, Redona, Sanofi-Aventis, Sellas, Stemline Therapeutics, and Vincerx; participation on an advisory board for AbbVie, Auxenion, GmbH, Bakx Therapeutics, Dark Blue Therapeutics, Hoffman-La Roche, Genentech, Gilead, Stemline Therapeutics, and Vincerx; has a board of directors role for Immune Oncology; clinical trial support from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Cellectis, Genentech, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, and Stemline Therapeutics; and intellectual property from Reata Pharmaceuticals. HK declares grants from AbbVie, Amgen, Ascentage, BMS, Daiichi-Sankyo, Immunogen, Jazz, and Novartis and payment or honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, Amphista, Ascentage, Astellas, Biologix, Curis, Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, KAHR Medical, Labcorp, Novartis, Pfizer, Shenzhen Target Rx, Stemline, and Takeda. FR declares clinical trial support from Astex and Taiho Oncology and payment or honoraria from Taiho Oncology. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Physician work hours directly influence patient access to health care services and play a vital role in physician human resource planning. We sought to evaluate long-term trends in hours worked by physicians in Canada, overall and by subgroup., Methods: We used Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey to identify physicians via occupation and industry coding information. We estimated descriptive statistics and performed graphical analysis of the average weekly hours worked by physicians over the 1987-2021 period., Results: Overall, weekly physician work hours remained stable from 1987 until 1997, after which they declined. Average weekly hours decreased by 6.9 hours ( p < 0.001), from 52.8 in 1987-1991 to 45.9 in 2017-2021. Among male physicians, work hours declined notably after 1997, while those of female physicians remained relatively stable at around 45 per week. Hours worked by married physicians declined significantly, amounting to 7.4 fewer hours per week ( p = 0.001). In contrast, unmarried physicians displayed a statistically insignificant decline of 2.2 hours ( p = 0.3). The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a sharp but brief disruption in weekly hours; by the end of 2020, physicians' work hours had returned to prepandemic levels., Interpretation: These findings may indicate a long-term shift in work preferences among Canadian physicians; male physicians may be seeking a better work-life balance, which, in turn, has narrowed the gap in hours worked by sex, with potential implications for pay equity. Policymakers and planners should carefully consider changes in hours worked, rather than just the total number of physicians, to ensure an accurate evaluation of the physician workforce., Competing Interests: Competing interests:: None declared., (© 2024 CMA Impact Inc. or its licensors.)

Musculoskeletal disorders are debilitating conditions that significantly impact the state of health, especially in older people. The study, which employed a cross-sectional design and practical sampling, included 206 participants among them 124 (62.2%) were men and 82 (39.8%) were women, from all over Bangladesh with musculoskeletal issues of varying severity and impact. The mean age of the participants was 64.9 (SD 4.3). The study was carried out between January and June of 2022. The majority of participants experienced musculoskeletal pain. Back pain was the most commonly complained of symptom among the participants (74.9%). It was also common to have limited mobility as a result of arthritic change, which eventually affected daily activities like taking care of oneself. To improve the health of the older adult population, more studies must be conducted to identify the many factors that contribute to musculoskeletal issues. The development of effective prevention and rehabilitation programs must then be based on this knowledge., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Jahan, Islam, Rahman, Kabir, Islam, Hossain, Hossain, Hossain, Rahman, Chakrovorty, Sarker, Moula, Antara and Afridi.)

The addition of cladribine, or sorafenib to standard chemotherapy have each demonstrated improved survival in patients with newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We studied the combination of cladribine, idarubicin, and intermediate-dose cytarabine (CLIA) in patients ≤65 years of age with newly diagnosed AML, fit to receive intensive therapy. Cladribine (5 mg/m2) IV was administered on days (D)1-5, cytarabine (1 g/m2) on D1-5, and idarubicin (10 mg/m2) on D1-3. Sorafenib was added to the CLIA backbone for patients with FLT3-ITD mutated AML. 80 patients were enrolled: 65 with newly diagnosed AML and 15 with AML arising from previously treated MDS (ts-AML). The median age was 55 years (range, 21-65). CR + CRi was 83% (54/65) and 27% in the untreated and ts-AML cohorts, respectively; 74% and 75% of responding patients, respectively, had undetectable measurable residual disease (MRD). Among patients with FLT3-ITD mutated AML receiving CLIA+sorafenib, the CR + CRi rate was 95%, with 81% negative for MRD. With a median follow-up of 76 months, the 2- and 4-year OS of 57% and 50% compared to 20%, and 13% for ts-AML, respectively. Patients treated with CLIA+sorafenib had 2- and 5-year OS rates of 63% and 59%, respectively. The most common Grade ≥3 adverse events were infection/fever, elevated bilirubin, rash, and nausea. CLIA was safe and effective in young, fit patients with newly diagnosed AML with inferior outcomes among patients with ts-AML. The addition of sorafenib to CLIA in FLT3-ITD mutated AML resulted in high rates of durable remission and excellent long-term survival., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association of household fuel use with hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among adult women., Methods: A cross-sectional survey through face-to-face interviews and blood pressure (BP) measurement were conducted among 2182 randomly selected women (1236 solid fuel users and 946 clean fuel users) in rural areas of Bangladesh., Results: Overall, 21% of women were hypertensive. Mean SBP and DBP for the study population were 121.27 mmHg (SD ± 15.43) and 76.18 mmHg (SD ± 12.00), respectively. Hypertension was found significantly (p = .006) higher among solid fuel users (23%) compared to clean fuel users (18%). Women using solid fuels have a 35% higher chance (AOR: 1.35, CI: 1.10-1.80) of having hypertension and have more than twice the risk of developing elevated SBP (AOR: 2.01, CI: 1.55-2.95) relative to women using clean fuels for their daily cooking. The probability of hypertension (AOR: 1.39, CI: 1.17-1.60) and elevated SBP (AOR: 1.35, CI: 1.10-1.61) increased significantly for every hour of fuel use., Conclusions: Using clean fuel, reducing the duration of daily cooking time, and improved cooking facilities may help minimizing hypertension and ultimately cardiovascular disease risk among women., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Competing Interests: Intérêts concurrents: Arthur Sweetman est titulaire de la Chaire de recherche de l’Ontario en Ressources humaines en santé. Aucun autre intérêt concurrent n’a été déclaré.

Competing Interests: Competing interests: Arthur Sweetman is the Ontario Research Chair in Health Human Resources. No other competing interests were declared.

Wheat blast is an emerging threat to wheat production, due to its recent migration to South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Because genomic selection (GS) has emerged as a promising breeding strategy, the key objective of this study was to evaluate it for wheat blast phenotyped at precision phenotyping platforms in Quirusillas (Bolivia), Okinawa (Bolivia) and Jashore (Bangladesh) using three panels: (i) a diversity panel comprising 172 diverse spring wheat genotypes, (ii) a breeding panel comprising 248 elite breeding lines, and (iii) a full-sibs panel comprising 298 full-sibs. We evaluated two genomic prediction models (the genomic best linear unbiased prediction or GBLUP model and the Bayes B model) and compared the genomic prediction accuracies with accuracies from a fixed effects model (with selected blast-associated markers as fixed effects), a GBLUP + fixed effects model and a pedigree relationships-based model (ABLUP). On average, across all the panels and environments analyzed, the GBLUP + fixed effects model (0.63 ± 0.13) and the fixed effects model (0.62 ± 0.13) gave the highest prediction accuracies, followed by the Bayes B (0.59 ± 0.11), GBLUP (0.55 ± 0.1), and ABLUP (0.48 ± 0.06) models. The high prediction accuracies from the fixed effects model resulted from the markers tagging the 2NS translocation that had a large effect on blast in all the panels. This implies that in environments where the 2NS translocation-based blast resistance is effective, genotyping one to few markers tagging the translocation is sufficient to predict the blast response and genome-wide markers may not be needed. We also observed that marker-assisted selection (MAS) based on a few blast-associated markers outperformed GS as it selected the highest mean percentage (88.5%) of lines also selected by phenotypic selection and discarded the highest mean percentage of lines (91.8%) also discarded by phenotypic selection, across all panels. In conclusion, while this study demonstrates that MAS might be a powerful strategy to select for the 2NS translocation-based blast resistance, we emphasize that further efforts to use genomic tools to identify non-2NS translocation-based blast resistance are critical., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Juliana, He, Marza, Islam, Anwar, Poland, Shrestha, Singh, Chawade, Joshi, Singh and Singh.)

Background: Addition of the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax to lower intensity therapy has been shown to improve overall survival in older (aged 75 years or older) and unfit patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of venetoclax combined with intensive chemotherapy in patients aged 65 years or younger with acute myeloid leukaemia., Methods: This cohort study was done at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in the USA, as part of the single-centre, single arm, phase 2, CLIA trial. Here we report on the independent cohort investigating the safety and activity of venetoclax added to intensive chemotherapy (the CLIA regimen [cladribine, high-dose cytarabine, idarubicin]). Eligible patients were aged 18-65 years with a new diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia, mixed phenotype acute leukaemia, or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (≥10% blasts or International Prognostic Scoring System ≥2 [intermediate]), who received no previous potentially curative therapy for leukaemia. Patients received cladribine (5 mg/m 2 ) and cytarabine (1·5 g/m 2 for patients aged <60 years, 1 g/m 2 for patients aged ≥60 years) intravenously on days 1-5 and idarubicin (10 mg/m 2 ) intravenously on days 1-3. Consolidation was cladribine (5 mg/m 2 ) and cytarabine (1 g/m 2 for patients aged <60 years and 0·75 g/m 2 for patients aged ≥60 years) on days 1-3 and idarubicin (8 mg/m 2 ) on days 1-2. Venetoclax (400 mg) was given on days 2-8 with each course. Patients with a known FLT3-ITD or FLT3-TKD mutation received midostaurin or gilteritinib. The primary outcome was composite complete response (complete response plus complete response with incomplete blood count recovery). Secondary outcomes were overall response, duration of response, event-free survival, overall survival, and safety. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02115295., Findings: Between Feb 25, 2019, and March 23, 2021, 77 patients were assessed for eligibility, 50 of whom were enrolled. Median age was 48 years (IQR 37-56). 47 (94% [95% CI 83-98]) patients had composite complete response, with the same proportion also having an overall response; two (4% [1-14]) patients did not respond, and one (2% [0-11]) patient died during induction. 37 (82% [95% CI 68-92]) of 45 patients had undetectable measurable residual disease (MRD). At a median follow-up of 13·5 months (IQR 6·4-19·5), the median duration of response, event-free survival, and overall survival were not reached. At 12 months, the estimated duration of response was 74% (95% CI 60-92), event-free survival was 68% (54-85), and overall survival was 85% (75-97). The most common adverse events of grade 3 or worse were febrile neutropenia (42 [84%] patients), infection (six [12%]), and alanine aminotransferase elevations (six [12%]). There was one death during induction in a patient treated with CLIA-venetoclax plus a FLT3 inhibitor. Two patients died of infectious complications while in complete response in consolidation cycles, both of whom had FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia and were receiving combined therapy with a FLT3 inhibitor. No deaths were deemed to be treatment related., Interpretation: Venetoclax added to CLIA was safe and active in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, producing high rates of durable MRD-negative remissions and encouraging event-free survival and overall survival., Funding: MD Anderson Cancer Center., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests TMK reports grants from Amgen, Ascentage, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Cellenkos, Pulmotech, Cyclacel, Glycomimetics, Incyte, and Genfleet; personal fees from Agios, Cure, Daichi Sankyo, Genzyme, Liberum, Novartis, and Sanofi-Aventis; and grants and personal fees from Abbvie, Genetech, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, and Pfizer. GB reports grants from Oncoceutics, Xbiotech USA, Arvina, Polaris, AstraZeneca, BMS, Cyclacel, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Incyte, and AbbVie; personal fees from Argenx, PTC Therapeutics, BioTheryX, Nkarta, Treadwell Therapeutics, and Curio Science; and grants and personal fees from FTC Therapeutics, BioLine Rx, and Novartis. MY reports research support from Daiichi-Sankyo and Pfizer. CDD reports research support from Calithera, Cleave, Jazz, and Loxo; personal fees from Aprea, Cleave, Novartis, Takeda, and Notable Labs; and grants and personal fees from Abbvie, Agios, ImmuneOnc, Celgene/BMS, and Daiichi Sankyo. ND reports research support from NOHLA, Glycomimetics, Sobi, Hanmi, Forty Seven, Newave, Trovagene, Covance, FATE, and Novimmune; personal fees from Otsuka, Celgene, Incyte, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Immunogen, Agios, Syndax, and Trillium; and grants and personal fees from Pfizer, BMS, Novartis, Daiichi-Sankyo, Karyopharm, Incyte, Abbvie, Genetech, Immunogen, Astellas, Servier, Gilead, Amgen, and Sunesis. NJ reports grants from Pfizer, Incyte, Aprea Therapeutics, Fate Therapeutics, and Kite; personal fees from Janssen, Beigene, and TG Therapeutics; and grants and personal fees from Pharmacyclics, AbbVie, Genentech, AstraZeneca, BMS, ADC Therapeutics, Cellectis, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Servier, and Precision Biosciences. NP reports grants from Affymetrix, SagerStrong Foundation, Samus Therapeutics, Cellectis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Plexxikon; personal fees from Pacylex Pharmaceuticals, ImmunoGen, BMS, Blueprint Medicines, Incyte, LFB Biotechnologies, Celgene, AbbVie, MustangBio, Roche Diagnostics, DAVA Oncology, Springer Science+Business Media; and grants and personal fees from AbbVie, Stemline Therapeutics, and Novartis. MK reports grants from Ablynx, Agios, Ascentage, AstraZeneca, Rafael Pharmaceutical, and Sanofi; personal fees from Reata Pharmaceutical and Janssen; and grants and personal fees from AbbVie, F Hoffman La-Roche, Stemline Therapeutics, Forty-Seven, and Genetech. In addition, MK has a patent US7795305B2 CDDO-compounds and combination therapies with royalties paid to Reata Pharmaceuticals, a patent combination therapy with a mutant IDH1 Inhibitor and a BCL2 licensed to Eli Lilly, and a patent 62/993166 combination of a MCL1 inhibitor and midostaurin, uses and pharmaceutical compositions thereof pending to Novartis. FR reports grants from AbbVie. HMK reports grants from Ascentage, BMS, Daiichi-Sankyo, Immunogen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, and Sanofi; personal fees from Actinium, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Apptitude Health, BioAscend, Daiichi-Sankyo, Delta Fly, Janssen Global, Novartis, Oxford Biomedical, and Takeda Oncology; and grants and personal fees from Abbvie, Amgen, and Pfizer. All other authors report no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

One of the dominating meat supply industries, the poultry chicken sector, is facing waste management concerns worldwide. Due to high oil content containment, biofuel researchers emphasized poultry waste as abundant, cheap, and high-quality feedstock for biodiesel production. Therefore, in the current study, an experimental investigation of biodiesel production from wasted chicken skin through the transesterification process has been performed. The chicken skin used in this study for biodiesel production can be used as the potential waste source for biodiesel production worldwide. Techno-economic, environmental, and sustainability analyses were also performed. During the synthesis, the reaction was conducted with potassium hydroxide (KOH), and the process yielded 48% biodiesel. The cost of electricity for providing electricity is estimated at US$0.575 per kWh when an auto-sized generator has been fueled by biodiesel. The environmental and substantiality analysis found that biodiesel is more suitable than conventional diesel as an environmentally friendly and sustainable fuel., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Litter size is the most important reproductive trait which plays a crucial role in goat production. Therefore, improvement of litter size trait has been of increasing interest in goat industry as small improvement in litter size may lead to large profit. The recent Cashmere goat breeding program produced a high-reproductive genetic line of Arbas Cashmere goat. But the genetic mechanism of high reproduction rate remains largely unknown in this Chinese native goat breed. To address this question, we performed a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using two groups of goats varying in fecundity., Objectives: Our study was aimed to investigate the significant SNPs and genes associated with high reproduction trait in Inner Mongolia Arbas Cashmere Goat., Methods: We used logistic model association to perform GWAS using 47 goats from high fecundity group (~ 190%) and 314 goats from low fecundity group (~ 130%) of the Arbas Cashmere goat breed., Results: We identified 66 genomic regions associated with genome wide significant level wherein six loci were found to be associated with reproduction traits. Further analysis showed that five key candidate genes including KISS1, KHDRBS2, WNT10B, SETDB2 and PPP3CA genes are involved in goat fecundity trait. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that several biological pathways could be involved in the variation of fecundity in female goats., Conclusions: The identified significant SNPs or genes provide useful information about the underlying genetic control of fecundity trait which will be helpful to use them in goat breeding programs for improving the reproductive efficiency of goats.

Automatically detecting and removing Electroencephalogram (EEG) outliers is essential to design robust brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). In this paper, we propose a novel outlier detection method that works on the Riemannian manifold of sample covariance matrices (SCMs). Existing outlier detection methods run the risk of erroneously rejecting some samples as outliers, even if there is no outlier, due to the detection being based on a reference matrix and a threshold. To address this limitation, our method, Riemannian Spectral Clustering (RiSC), detects outliers by clustering SCMs into non-outliers and outliers, based on a proposed similarity measure. This considers the Riemannian geometry of the space and magnifies the similarity within the non-outlier cluster and weakens it between non-outlier and outlier clusters, instead of setting a threshold. To assess RiSC performance, we generated artificial EEG datasets contaminated by different outlier strengths and numbers. Comparing Hit-False (HF) difference between RiSC and existing outlier detection methods confirmed that RiSC could detect outliers significantly better (p < 0.001). In particular, RiSC improved HF difference the most for datasets with the most severe outlier contamination.

Background: In rural areas of Bangladesh, the majority of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have little access to reperfusion therapy. Even though thrombolysis can be an affordable life-saving treatment in a low income setting, there are few publications in regards to the clinical and socioeconomic features of STEMI with thrombolytic therapy in rural Bangladesh., Method: The information of the patients who were admitted for STEMI between 2010 and 2016 from one rural hospital were collected and reviewed. This audit evaluated clinical outcomes and socioeconomic characteristics of the patients., Result: 164 patients with STEMI were identified in the period and 136 patients (82.93%) underwent thrombolysis. The mean pain-to-door time was 472 min (7.87 h ± 12.40). Only 5.49% of the patients traveled to hospital by ambulances. Overall in-hospital mortality rate and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) after STEMI were 19.51% (32/164), 23.17% (38/164), respectively. The need of inotropics (Odds ratio [OR] 16.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99-135.75, P < 0.01), the use of defibrillation due to ventricular arrhythmias (OR 33.58, 95% CI 2.96-380.49, P < 0.01) were independent predictors of increased in-hospital mortality., Conclusion: In a rural hospital of Bangladesh, in-hospital mortality rate after STEMI is high in spite of thrombolysis and adherence to published guidelines. The prolonged pain-to-door time and the poor coverage of ambulance services in our study highlight the need of community awareness of acute coronary syndrome and comprehensive emergency medical services in rural Bangladesh., Competing Interests: The authors have no external grant for this work. We have no potential conflict of interest to declare.