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This study presents the static and vibratory behavior of a hybrid sandwich plate with a magnetorheological elastomer core. In order to improve the static and vibrational behavior of the plate, the pseudo-fibers formed by the effect of the magnetic field on the elastomer charged by the ferromagnetic particles are oriented at 45° with respect to the direction of the magnetic field at 0°. Ritz's approach is taken to solve the physical problem. In order to verify and compare the results obtained by the Ritz approach, an analysis using the finite element method was carried out. The effect of the magnetic field on bending displacements, normal stresses, shear stresses, and static strain modes of the off-axis anisotropic hybrid sandwich plate are discussed. The rheological property of the MRE material at 0° and at 45° are determined experimentally, and are exploited in the two numerical approaches. The natural frequencies and the modal damping of the sandwich plate are calculated and discussed for various magnetic field intensities. The results obtained by the two methods are compared. These off-axis anisotropic MRE structures could open up new opportunities in various fields of aeronautics, aerospace, mechanical engineering and civil engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of neural stem cells (NSCs) in adult human brain neurogenic regions remains unresolved. To address this, we created a cell atlas of the adult human subventricular zone (SVZ) derived from fresh neurosurgical samples using single-cell transcriptomics. We discovered 2 adult radial glia (RG)-like populations, aRG1 and aRG2. aRG1 shared features with fetal early RG (eRG) and aRG2 were transcriptomically similar to fetal outer RG (oRG). We also captured early neuronal and oligodendrocytic NSC states. We found that the biological programs driven by their transcriptomes support their roles as early lineage NSCs. Finally, we show that these NSCs have the potential to transition between states and along lineage trajectories. These data reveal that multipotent NSCs reside in the adult human SVZ., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Antigen-specific T cell expansion ex vivo followed by adoptive transfer enables targeting of a multitude of microbial and cancer antigens. However, clinical-scale T cell expansion from rare precursors requires repeated stimulation, which may lead to T cell dysfunction and limited therapeutic potential. We used a clinically compliant protocol to expand Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) antigen-specific CD8 + T cells, and leveraged T cell exhaustion-associated inhibitory receptor blockade to improve T cell expansion. Several inhibitory receptors were expressed early by ex vivo -expanded antigen-specific CD8 + T cells, including PD-1 and TIM3, with co-expression matching evidence of T cell dysfunction as the cultures progressed. Introduction of anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIM3 blockade in combination (but not individually) to the culture led to markedly improved antigen-specific T cell expansion without inducing T cell dysfunction. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire profiling revealed that double blockade does not impart specific transcriptional programs in T cells or alterations in TCR repertoires. However, combined blockade may affect gene expression in a minority of clonotypes in a donor-specific fashion. We conclude that antigen-specific CD8 + T cell manufacturing can be improved by using TIM3 and PD-L1/PD-1 axis blockade in combination. This approach is readily applicable to several adoptive immunotherapy strategies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2022 The Author(s).)