Search

We selected a typical dolomite slope and set up three micro-plots (projection length was 2 m, width was 1.2 m) on the upper, middle, and lower slopes to analyze the variations of soil losses and the key influencing factors during two hydrological years (2020-2021). The results showed that soil losses at different slope positions on dolomite slopes followed an order of semi-alfisol in lower slopes (386 g·m -2 ·a -1 ) > inceptisol in middle slopes (77 g·m -2 ·a -1 ) > entisol in upper slopes (48 g·m -2 ·a -1 ). Downward along the slope, the positive correlation gradually increased between soil losses and surface soil water content, as well as rainfall, while it gradually decreased with the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity. The meteorological factors affecting soil erosion on the upper, middle and lower slopes were the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity, precipitation, average rainfall intensity and surface soil water content, respectively. Soil erosion processes on upper slopes were mainly driven by raindrop splash erosion and infiltration-excess runoff, while that on lower slopes were mainly driven by saturation-excess runoff. The volume ratio of fine soil in the soil profile was the key factor of soil losses on dolomite slopes, with an explanation rate of 93.7%. The lower slope was the key site of soil erosion in the dolomite slopes. Subsequent rock desertification management should be based on the erosion mechanism of different slope positions, while control measures should be arranged according to local conditions.

Background: To analyze blood flow volume alteration that involved both retrobulbar artery and internal carotid artery (ICA) in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and to assess their relevance for the pathogenesis of NAION., Methods: Forty two patients with NAION (unilateral affected) and 42 age-matched controls participated in this study. By head-and-neck computed tomographic angiography (CTA), the diameter of ICA and ophthalmic artery (OA) were measured. By colour Doppler imaging (CDI), the mean blood flow velocity (Vm) and the blood flow volume of ICA and OA were measured or calculated. By optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), peripapillary and optic disc vessel density were measured. Data obtained from the affected side of the patients were compared to those of the contralateral healthy side and the control., Results: Compared with the controls and the contralateral healthy side of the patients with NAION, the diameter of ICA, the blood flow volume of ICA and OA, the peripapillary and optic disc vessel density in the affected side decreased significantly (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the diameter of OA (p = 0.179, 0.054 respectively), the Vm of OA (p = 0.052, 0.083 respectively), or the Vm of ICA (p = 0.364, 0.938 respectively) between groups. Peripapillary and optic disc vessel density were significantly positive correlated with the blood flow volume in ipsilateral ICA and OA in patients with NAION (all p < 0.01)., Conclusions: The reduction of blood flow volume was more prominent in OA and ICA than decrease of Vm, peripapillary and optic disc vessel density were significantly positive correlated with the blood flow volume of ipsilateral ICA and OA in patients with NAION., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Multiple-ring naphthalenediammonium is employed for the first time to overcome the intrinsic instability of β-CsPbI 3 perovskite via anchoring the ammonium groups occupying A-site vacancies. It improves charge transport and moisture stability giving out a champion power conversion efficiency of 16.69% for an excellent inorganic perovskite solar cell.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C17H12N2O2·2H2O, the carboxyl-ate group is linked via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to two water mol-ecules. The crystal packing is best described as parallel layers (viewed along the a axis) of viologen and water mol-ecules associated via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions, with a centroid-centroid separation of 3.8276 (9) Å.

In the complex cation of the title compound, [Zn(C(17)H(13)N(2)O(2))(2)(H(2)O)(4)](C(10)H(4)O(8))(2)·2.5H(2)O, the Zn(II) atom, lying on an inversion center, is coordinated by two N atoms from two N-(3-carb-oxy-phen-yl)-4,4'-bipyridin-1-ium ligands and four water mol-ecules in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The pyromellitate anion is double deprotonated. O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the cations, anions and uncoordinated water mol-ecules into a three-dimensional supra-molecular network. One of the two lattice water molecules shows an occupancy of 0.25. An intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond is present in the anion.

The title compound, {[Zn(C(12)H(8)O(4))(C(5)H(5)N)(H(2)O)]·C(5)H(5)N}(n), has been prepared by hydro-thermal reaction. The Zn(II) atom is six-coordinated by four carboxyl-ate O atoms of two p-phenylenediacrylate (ppda(2-)) ligands, one N atom of a pyridine mol-ecule and one O atom of a water mol-ecule in a distorted octa-hedral environment. The carboxyl-ate groups of the ppda(2-) anions are in a bridging-chelating mode, in which two O atoms chelate one Zn(2+) ion. These connections result in an extended chain structure. Parallel packing of the chains forms a two-dimensional network with inter-molecular edge-to-face inter-actions. Further linkages between the layers through O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions result in a three-dimensional supra-molecular architecture with one-dimensional recta-nglar channels.

The title compound, [Et(2)NH(2)][(EtO)PO(2)(C(6)H(5)NH)] or C(4)H(12)N(+)·C(8)H(11)NO(3)P(-), is a molecular salt with two anions containing PO(3)N groupings and two cations in the asymmetric unit. A network of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into a two-dimensional network.

In the title compound, {[Co(C(13)H(14)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(2)·2C(13)H(14)N(2)·2C(7)H(8)N(2)O(2)}(n), the Co(II) ion lies on a crystallographic inversion center and is coordinated by four N atoms from four symmetry-related 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane ligands and two O atoms from two water ligands in a slightly distorted octa-hedral coordination environment. The 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane ligands are doubly bridging and connect the Co(II) ions into one-dimensional chains. The asymmetric unit also contains one uncoordinated 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane mol-ecule, one 2-methyl-4-nitro-aniline mol-ecule and one perchlorate anion. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds connect the one-dimensional chains into a two-dimensional network.

In the title compound, [Na(C(8)H(11)NO(3)P)(H(2)O)(3)](n), the sodium cation is octa-hedrally coordinated by five water mol-ecules and one O-bonded ethyl anilinophospho-nate anion. Four of the water mol-ecules bridge to adjacent sodium ions, resulting in an infinite chain of edge-sharing NaO(6) polyhedra. A network of N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds helps to stabilize the crystal structure.