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The new clathrate single crystal Si30.3(8)P15.7(8)Se7.930(3) was synthesized through a solid-state reaction, and it was characterized to have a unit cell parameter a=19.7614(1) Å and belong to space group Fm [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmon qubits based on α -Ta films have been demonstrated to possess long lifetimes, sparking significant interests among researchers in this material. In this study, we systematically investigated the growth conditions of α -Ta films on sapphire substrates. By controlling the growth temperature and power, we successfully prepared films with two distinct crystal orientations: α -Ta [110] and α -Ta [111]. We found that the growth conditions with low power and low temperature, as well as that with high power and high temperature, are conducive to the growth of α -Ta [110], while the low power combined with high temperature favors the growth of α -Ta [111]. The critical transition temperature T c of the [111]-oriented film increases more gently with the increase of residual resistance ratio (RRR) compared to the [110]-oriented film. Additionally, our result indicates that as the thickness of the α -Ta [111] film increases, the values of both T c and RRR rise, with the highest RRR value of 24.6. Our results provide important references for the preparation of high-quality α -Ta thin films. • High-quality Ta films with two orientations are grown controllably. • T c of [110] and [111] Ta films exhibits different evolutionary trends with RRR. • RRR increases with film thickness, showing a maximum value of 24.6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tensile and shear mechanical properties of laver were investigated in order to reduce the tensile and shear forces, tensile and shear energies consumption during the harvesting and processing. Loading rate, harvest time and origin were selected as the effect factors for laver tensile and shear tests, while mathematical models of the variation of tensile and shear mechanical properties with three factors were also developed. The following results were obtained: tensile force, shear force, tensile energy and shear energy of laver are affected by loading rate, harvest time and origin. Tensile force, shear force and shear energy were generally inversely proportional to the loading rate, while tensile energy was generally positively proportional to the loading rate. The minimum values are 0.0557 N, 0.1650 N, 0.7267 N.mm and 0.7393 N.mm, respectively. Tensile force, shear force and tensile energy all increased with increasing harvest time, while shear energy decreased with increasing harvest time. The maximum values are 0.1581 N, 0.4437 N, 1.5367 N.mm and 1.5177 N.mm, respectively. Both tensile and shear forces (0.0857 N, 0.2549 N) were greatest in Dalian for the first harvest of laver. However, the first harvest of Qingdao laver has the lowest tensile and shear energy. The microstructure after stretching and shearing changed significantly with normally shaped cells deformed and ruptured. The changes in microstructure were consistent with the macro-mechanical properties, verifying the reliability of the test data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the relationship between the structural design of the greenhouse drying chamber and energy contribution and loss is discussed from the perspective of energy saving and system performance, and the rationality of their design is analyzed based on the exergy efficiency. Taking the multi-energy drying system of kelp as an example, the airflow and temperature distributions of different greenhouse-type drying chambers were simulated and optimized by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, and the heat transfer and loss were analyzed. The results show that the optimized drying chamber has an increase of about 40 % in The results show that the optimized drying chamber has an increase of about 40 % in exergy efficiency and a reduction of about 37 % in exergy damage. The average energy efficiency of the greenhouse-type drying chamber was more than 80 % with a size of 5000 × 2500 × 2300 mm, a tilt angle of 22.5°, and fans of 7. In addition, the energy efficiency was negatively correlated with the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet and positively correlated with the ambient temperature. Despite the heat loss in the drying chamber, its contribution to the system's overall energy efficiency is significant. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The onset SC transition temperature of Pr1−x Sr x FeAsO is enhanced from 16.3K to about 22K by further Sb substitution on the As-site. [•] On the other hand, P-doping is found to detrimental to superconductivity in the present system. [•] Lattice constant and the density of charge carriers are two key factors for the hole-doped superconductivity in 1111 system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the quality and efficiency of sea cucumber drying, an orthogonal experiment of freeze and microwave vacuum combination drying technique was carried out. Factors and levels were FD time of conversion point (8 h, 16 h and 24 h), initial microwave power density(1.7 W/g, 2.0 W/g and 2.3 W/g) and microwave intermittent ratio (12s-on/18s-off, 14s-on/16s-off and 20s-on/10s-off). Results showed that the optimal parameters of FD-MVD were 8 h FD conversion point, 1.7 W/g initial microwave power density, 12 s-on/18 s-off microwave intermittent ratio, and the maximum rehydration rate of 280.71%, the lowest shrinkage rate of 14.48%, the least drying time of 9.25 h and energy consumption of 77 316 kJ could be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• EHLs are modeled using second-order equivalent thermal parameter model. • Multi-time scales between electricity market and EHLs are considered. • Optimization computing is executed according to the power balance conditions. • Power balances on multi-time scales are used as multiple optimal objects. • Random sampling based on measured data of EHLs is used for case studies. Flexible resources on demand-side, such as electric heating loads (EHLs), are perceived as an effective way of supporting the power balance of power grids with large scale renewable energy integration. However, it is difficult to quickly, effectively and evenly aggregate and schedule a large population of these loads because of their heterogeneity and geographic dispersion. The efficiency and effectiveness of optimal control are important for achieving the power balance between power source and load, especially in real-time scheduling. Moreover, the even load allocation between these heterogeneous loads also needs to motivate users participation in real-time power balance. To follow wind power in the real-time electricity market, this study presents a bi-level control method for EHLs based on distributed optimization computing, which considers the bi-level queuing method, different load control modes and multi-time scales between different control levels. First, each load group, which includes a large population of EHLs is controlled by a distributed server (DS); all the load groups are scheduled by the central management server (CMS), which deals with the wind farm or electricity retailer. Next, a distributed optimization model is built based on the bi-level control structure, in which the different power balance statuses and multi-time scales between the electricity market and EHLs are considered. Furthermore, considering the power balance on the multi-time scales, layer-by-layer load allocation optimization through the bi-level time-varying temperature queuing method, and the load-leveling optimization, serve as the sequential optimization problems. Finally, a simulation including 12,500 EHLs based on measured data in northern China is carried out. The results show that the proposed approach can effectively realize real-time power balance between wind power and EHLs, while maintaining uniform load allocation between the EHLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power to Heat (P2H) technology is seen as an effective solution for integrating stochastic wind power. Particularly in real-time electricity markets, high-precision wind power forecasts enable the load to better accommodate its fluctuations. Nonetheless, the shorter time scales of real-time trading pose challenges for efficiently aggregating a large, heterogeneous, and dispersed loads and fully harnessing the thermal storage capabilities of loads to follow wind power fluctuations across multiple periods. Against this backdrop, this paper proposes an aggregation control approach for P2H loads with considering multi-period Stackelberg game strategy within the framework of a load-oriented virtual power plant (VPP). For multi-period real-time trading, a Stackelberg game model based on a dynamic price ceiling is established with considering dynamic supply-demand balance between wind power and P2H loads; To enhance load aggregation effectiveness, a dynamically updated temperature-power aggregation model is developed by employing model order reduction, variables continuousization, and linear superposition on second-order equivalent thermodynamic model; To improve load decomposition efficiency, a hierarchical and multi-step control strategy encompassing the continuousization of discrete variables is utilized to simplify the problem. Finally, a simulation example is presented using actual data from a power grid in northern China to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. • Multi-period Stackelberg game model considering dynamic price ceilings. • Dynamic aggregation for P2H loads based on power-temperature feasible domain. • Load decomposition optimization using the continuous model of P2H load. • Enhancing accommodating wind power while ensuring long-term users benefit. • Improved optimization efficiency and speed in load aggregation and decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Relationship between charging/discharging power and efficiency of the ES is fitted. • Mathematical model for the efficiency of large-scale VRB ES was established. • Control strategy is designed for ES units to optimize overall ES efficiency. • The effect of the control strategy applied to the peak-shaving scenario is obvious. Large-scale battery energy storage is an inevitable trend in energy storage development. The large-scale all-vanadium liquid-flow battery energy storage system contains a large number of battery energy storage units. Current operation methods usually study large-scale energy storage as an equivalent model. There is a lack of optimization for the operation of modular energy storage units. Efficient and stable operation of large-scale energy storage needs to coordinate the operation of various energy storage units. A battery simulation model was built according to the working mechanism and external characteristics of the vanadium redox battery (VRB). Based on the simulation model, the voltage and current loss characteristics of the vanadium redox battery under the rated power charging and discharging mode were studied. Based on the model, the change in charging and discharging efficiency under different powers is measured. The power–efficiency coupling relationship is studied. The power–efficiency coupling relationship provides the basis for power allocation with the aim of optimizing efficiency. Then, combining the structure of the large-scale vanadium redox battery energy storage system and the power–efficiency coupling relationship, a large-scale energy storage system efficiency mathematical model is constructed. In a peak shaving scenario, aiming at optimizing the efficiency of the energy storage system and according to the efficiency mathematical model of the large-scale energy storage system, a coordinated and optimized operation strategy of the energy storage module is proposed. This module improves the efficiency of the energy storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The type-II clathrates of Cs 8 Na 16 Ga 6 Ge 130 , Cs 8 Na 16 Si 22.0(3) Ge 114.0(3) and Rb 8 Na 16 Si 13.7(4) Ge 122.3(4) have been synthesized from elements. The structures were refined from the powder X-ray diffraction data using the WinCSD program. Cs 8 Na 16 Ga 6 Ge 130 , Cs 8 Na 16 Si 22.0(3) Ge 114.0(3) and Rb 8 Na 16 Si 13.7(4) Ge 122.3(4) crystallized in the space group F d 3 ‾ m with the lattice parameters of a = 15.48499 (3) Å, 15.44642(6) Å and 15.47489(5) Å, respectively. The theoretical calculation indicates the metallic features for Cs 8 Na 16 Ga 6 Ge 130 , Cs 8 Na 16 Si 22.0(3) Ge 114.0(3) and Rb 8 Na 16 Si 13.7(4) Ge 122.3(4. The heat capacity measurement shows a large electron contribution and a strong Einstein mode in Cs 8 Na 16 Ga 6 Ge 130. The magnetic measurement evidences a diamagnetic behaviour for Cs 8 Na 16 Si 22.0(3) Ge 114.0(3) in the temperature range of 1.8–300 K. The type-II clathrates of Cs 8 Na 16 Ga 6 Ge 130 , Cs 8 Na 16 Si 22.0(3) Ge 114.0(3) and Rb 8 Na 16 Si 13.7(4) Ge 122.3(4) were synthesized and characterized. [Display omitted] • Type-II clathrates of Cs 8 Na 16 Ga 6 Ge 130 , Cs 8 Na 16 Si 22.0(3) Ge 114.0(3) and Rb 8 Na 16 Si 13.7(4) Ge 122.3(4) were synthesized. • Theoretical calculation indicated metallic features for them. • The large electron contribution and the strong Einstein mode were found in Cs 8 Na 16 Ga 6 Ge 130. • The diamagnetic behavior was detected in Cs 8 Na 16 Si 22.0(3) Ge 114.0(3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for the increase of information storage density and manipulation speed boosts the intense development of new magnetic materials. Among them, dilute magnetic semiconductors are considered to be promising candidates. Here, we present the doping-induced ferromagnetism in lead-free Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 double perovskite through partly replacing the bismuth atoms with iron, and systematically investigate the influence of doping concentration on the optical and magnetic properties of the crystals. With the increase of iron concentration, the crystal converts from diamagnetism to weak ferromagnetism. Specifically, the one with the highest iron concentration of 1.92% shows magnetic response during the entire temperature region between 3 and 300 K and an effective magnetic moment of 0.46 μ B. The EPR measurement confirms the magnetic isolated state of Fe3+ in the host lattice at room temperature. This work offers a new strategy for the construction of magnetized double perovskites, which is a potential new kind of DMS for the further application of lead-free halide perovskites in the spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large single crystals of Si30.3(8)P15.7(8)Se7.930(3) and its Te/Ge substituted semiclathrates were successfully synthesized. In semiclathrate Si30.3(8)P15.7(8)Se7.930(3) because of the Si3−Si3 bond rotation tetrakaidecahedron was broken at the same time as the Se1−Si3 bond was formed. Similar structures were observed in Te and Ge partial substituted compounds. Theoretical calculations showed a semiconducting feature based on an ordered model of Si32P14Se7, and photoelectric response and diamagnetism were observed in Si30.3(8)P15.7(8)Se7.930(3). The full story can found in the Communication by H. Zhang and co‐workers on page 9505 ff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: 2H MoS2 has been intensively studied because of its layer‐dependent electronic structures and novel physical properties. Though the metastable 1T MoS2 with a [MoS6] octahedron was observed over the microscopic area, the true crystal structure of 1T phase has not been strictly determined. Moreover, the true physical properties have not been demonstrated from experiments owing to the challenge for the preparation of pure 1T MoS2 crystals. 1T MoS2 single crystals were successfully synthesized and the crystal structure of 1T MoS2 re‐determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. 1T MoS2 crystallizes in the space group P 3 ‾ m1 with a cell of a=b=3.190(3) Å and c=5.945(6) Å. The individual MoS2 layer consists of MoS6 octahedra sharing edges with each other. More surprisingly, the bulk 1T MoS2 crystals undergo a superconducting transition of Tc=4 K, which is the first observation of superconductivity in pure 1T MoS2 phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: 2H MoS2 has been intensively studied because of its layer‐dependent electronic structures and novel physical properties. Though the metastable 1T MoS2 with a [MoS6] octahedron was observed over the microscopic area, the true crystal structure of 1T phase has not been strictly determined. Moreover, the true physical properties have not been demonstrated from experiments owing to the challenge for the preparation of pure 1T MoS2 crystals. 1T MoS2 single crystals were successfully synthesized and the crystal structure of 1T MoS2 re‐determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. 1T MoS2 crystallizes in the space group P 3 ‾ m1 with a cell of a=b=3.190(3) Å and c=5.945(6) Å. The individual MoS2 layer consists of MoS6 octahedra sharing edges with each other. More surprisingly, the bulk 1T MoS2 crystals undergo a superconducting transition of Tc=4 K, which is the first observation of superconductivity in pure 1T MoS2 phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millimeter sized single crystals of CaFe 1 − x Co x AsF were grown using a self-flux method. It is found that high-quality single crystals can be grown from three approaches with different initial raw materials. The chemical compositions and crystal structure were characterized carefully. Compared with the undoped parent phase CaFeAsF, the crystal lattice along the c -axis is suppressed by the Co substitution while that along the a -axis expands slightly. Superconductivity with the critical transition T c as high as 21 K was confirmed by both the resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements in the sample with x =0.118. Moreover, it is found that T c can be enhanced for about 1 K under the very small hydrostatic pressure of 0.22 GPa, which is more quick than that reported in the polycrystalline samples. Our results are a promotion for the physical investigations of 1111 phase iron-pnictide superconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconductivity and the normal-state properties of NbN films can be tuned in a wide range, supplying a suitable platform to investigate the systematical evolution of the superconducting performances. Herein, we report the upper critical field of NbN films in both the vertical (B ⊥ film) and parallel (B ∥ film) orientations over a wide temperature range. Eight samples with the superconducting critical temperature T c ranging from 2.5 K to 9.8 K are studied. It is found that the magnitudes of the upper critical field in the parallel direction (B c 2 ∥) exceeds the paramagnetic limiting field B p in the zero-temperature limit, while the perpendicular one (B c 2 ⊥) is closely approaching B p. The temperature dependent B c 2 ⊥ can be described by the extended Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg (WHH) model considering the Pauli spin paramagnetism. Meanwhile, the B c 2 ∥ − T data shows the feature of two-dimensional superconductivity in the temperature range near T c. Our results show that the Pauli paramagnetic effect is greatly enhanced with the decrease of T c. The evolution of the obtained Maki parameter with other parameters are discussed to reveal the characteristics of the Pauli paramagnetic effect in this system. • B c2 || exceeds the Pauli-limiting field B p , while B c2 ${\perp }$ is closely approaching B p. • B c2 ${\perp }$ - T curves can be described by WHH model consideringPauli paramagnetic effect. • The Pauli paramagnetic effect is greatly enhanced with the decrease of T c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tl-doped type-II clathrate Cs8Na16−xTlxGe136 was synthesized from its elements. The structure was characterised by single crystal and powder diffraction. Cs8Na16−xTlxGe136 crystallized in the space group Fd3̅m. The melting point decreased with increasing Tl content at 925.0 °C, 922.8 °C and 915.7 °C for Cs8Na14.76(3)Tl1.24(2)Ge136, Cs8Na9.94(2)Tl6.06(2)Ge136 and Cs8Na8.36(2)Tl7.64(2)Ge136 in Ar atmosphere, respectively. Cs8Na9.94(2)Tl6.06(2)Ge136 exhibited diamagnetism with χ = −3.11 × 10−3 emu mol−1 at 1.8 K. The heat capacity of Cs8Na9.94(2)Tl6.06(2)Ge136 presented an Einstein peak at 10 K. The fitted parameters for Cs8Na9.94(2)Tl6.06(2)Ge136 were λ = 0.115(4) J mol−1 K−2, β = 0.0289(2) J mol−1 K−4, NE = 7.94(4), ϑE = 56.9(1) K, ND = 152.06(4) and ϑD = 217(1) K using the equation Cp = Ce + CD + CE from 1.8 K to 10 K. The thermoelectric measurement showed metallic resistivity and a negative Seebeck coefficient, indicating electron-type charge carriers. The electronic structure calculation for Cs8Na10Tl6Ge136 confirmed the nature of the metallic transport behavior with conducting electrons, mainly from the Ge p orbitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low temperature specific heat has been measured in optimally doped and highly overdoped nonsuperconducting Ba(Fe1-xTMx)2 As2 (TM = Co and Ni) single crystals. By using the data of the overdoped samples, we successfully removed the phonon contribution of the optimally doped ones, and derived the electronic specific heat coefficient ye. Remarkably, we found a continuing temperature dependent &ggr;e(T) which follows the quadratic relation &ggr;e = &ggr;0 + αT2 in the low temperature limit. Together with the very small residual term &ggr;0, linear magnetic field dependence of &ggr;e, it is concluded that there are either small segments of nodal lines, or pointlike nodes in these samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium oxides exhibit an intriguing structure-property correlation, due to the variable valence character of titanium ion. Here we report the growth and characterization of the superconducting binary Ti–O films. The films were grown by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on the α-Al 2 O 3 substrates, through ablating Ti 2 O 3. It is found that, with the increase of the film thickness, the film reveals a phase evolution from the cubic TiO phase to the orthogonal Ti 2 O 3 phase. Meanwhile, the magnitude of resistivity and the superconducting transition temperature T c of these films also show the systematic variation with the increase of the film thickness. • With the increase of film thickness, a phase evolution from the cubic TiO phase to the orthogonal Ti 2 O 3 phase is revealed. • The superconducting transition temperature has a close correlation with the normal state properties. • A phase diagram as a function of the film thickness is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered honeycomb compound SrRu 2 O 6 has drawn great attentions because of the unconventional magnetism with a rather high N e ′ el temperature and small ordered moments. Here we report the optimization of synthesis parameters for SrRu 2 O 6 samples based on the hydrothermal method. The synthesis conditions were tuned carefully in terms of reaction temperature, time of duration, alkalinity and so on. The resultant samples were characterized using the scanning electron microscope, powder x-ray diffractometer, magnetic susceptibility measurements and pressure. We found that SrRu 2 O 6 can be synthesized at the temperature as low as 140 °C and an appropriate long reaction time can increase the grain size to about 20 μm. The shrinkage of the crystal lattice under high pressure shows an anisotropic behavior. Moreover, the band gap decreases with the increase of the pressure up to 3.0 GPa. Our results here supply an important platform for the further investigations of this system. • SrRu 2 O 6 can be synthesized at a low temperature 140 oC and an appropriate long reaction time can increase the grain size. • The application of high pressure leads to an anisotropic shrinkage of the crystal lattice. • The band gap decreases with the increase of the pressure up to 3.0 GPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compounds are synthesized from mixtures of the elements in a molar ratio of K/Rb:Cu/Ag:Ge = 8:2.7:43.3 (Ta tubes, 700 °C, 7 d) and characterized by powder XRD, magnetization and heat capacity measurements, and DFT calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline samples of La1-xMgxO1-2xF2xBiS2 (x = 0.1-0.35) are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of La2O3, La2S3, Bi2S3, BiF3, MgF2, LaF3, MgO, S, and Bi (evacuated quartz tube, 1073 K, 10 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy represents a breakthrough in treating resistant hematologic cancers. It is based on genetically modifying T cells transferred from the patient or a donor. Although its implementation has increased over the last few years, CAR-T has many challenges to be addressed, for instance, the associated severe toxicities, such as cytokine release syndrome. To model CAR-T cell dynamics, focusing on their proliferation and cytotoxic activity, we developed a mathematical framework using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with Bayesian parameter estimation. Bayesian statistics were used to estimate model parameters through Monte Carlo integration, Bayesian inference, and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. This paper explores MCMC methods, including the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and DEMetropolis and DEMetropolisZ algorithms, which integrate differential evolution to enhance convergence rates. The theoretical findings and algorithms were validated using Python and Jupyter Notebooks. A real medical dataset of CAR-T cell therapy was analyzed, employing optimization algorithms to fit the mathematical model to the data, with the PyMC library facilitating Bayesian analysis. The results demonstrated that our model accurately captured the key dynamics of CAR-T cell therapy. This conclusion underscores the potential of parameter estimation to improve the understanding and effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy in clinical settings.

The coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism is a long-standing issue in superconductivity due to the antagonistic nature of these two ordered states. Experimentally identifying and characterizing novel heterointerface superconductors that coexist with magnetism presents significant challenges. Here, we report the observation of two-dimensional long-range ferromagnetic order in a KTaO 3 heterointerface superconductor, showing the coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism. Remarkably, our direct current superconducting quantum interference device measurements reveal an in-plane magnetization hysteresis loop persisting above room temperature. Moreover, first-principles calculations and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements provide decisive insights into the origin of the observed robust ferromagnetism, attributing it to oxygen vacancies that localize electrons in nearby Ta 5 d states. Our findings suggest KTaO 3 heterointerfaces as time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductors, injecting fresh momentum into the exploration of the intricate interplay between superconductivity and magnetism enhanced by the strong spin-orbit coupling inherent to the heavy Ta in 5 d orbitals.

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals single crystals with long-range magnetic order are the precondition and urgent task for developing a 2D spintronics device. In contrast to graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, the study of 2D single-crystal metal oxides with intrinsic ferromagnetic properties remains a huge challenge. Here, we report a large-size trigonal single-crystal rhodium oxide (SC-Tri-RhO 2 ), with crystal parameters of a = b = 3.074 Å, c = 6.116 Å, and a space group of P 3̅ m 1 (164), exhibiting strong ferromagnetism (FM) at a rather high temperature. Furthermore, theoretical calculations suggest that the ferromagnetism in SC-Tri-RhO 2 originates from spin splitting near the Fermi level, and the total magnetic moment is contributed mainly by the Rh atom.

The density and spatial distribution of substituted dopants affect the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) materials properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that the density of dopants in TMDCs increases with the amount of doping, and the phenomenon of doping concentration difference between the nucleation center and the edge is observed, but the spatial distribution law of doping atoms has not been carefully studied. Here, it is demonstrated that the spatial distribution of dopants changes at high doping concentrations. The spontaneous formation of an interface with a steep doping concentration change is named concentration phase separation (CPS). The difference in the spatial distribution of dopants on both sides of the interface can be identified by an optical microscope. This is consistent with the results of spectral analysis and microstructure characterization of scanning transmission electron microscope. According to the calculation results of density functional theory, the chemical potential has two relatively stable energies as the doping concentration increases, which leads to the spontaneous formation of CPS. Understanding the abnormal phenomena is important for the design of TMDCs devices. This work has great significance in the establishment and improvement of the doping theory and the design of the doping process for 2D materials., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

A magnetic field is generally considered to be incompatible with superconductivity as it tends to spin-polarize electrons and breaks apart the opposite-spin singlet superconducting Cooper pairs. Here, an experimental phenomenon is observed that an intriguing reemergent superconductivity evolves from a conventional superconductivity undergoing a hump-like intermediate phase with a finite electric resistance in the van der Waals heterointerface of layered NbSe 2 and CrCl 3 flakes. This phenomenon merely occurred when the applied magnetic field is parallel to the sample plane and perpendicular to the electric current direction as compared to the reference sample of a NbSe 2 thin flake. The strong anisotropy of the reemergent superconducting phase is pointed to the nature of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state driven by the strong interfacial spin-orbit coupling between NbSe 2 and CrCl 3 layers. The theoretical picture of FFLO state nodes induced by Josephson vortices collectively pinning is presented for well understanding the experimental observation of the reemergent superconductivity. This finding sheds light on an opportunity to search for the exotic FFLO state in the van der Waals heterostructures with strong interfacial spin-orbit coupling.

Recently, Bi 2 O 2 Se was revealed as a promising two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor for next generation electronics, due to its moderate bandgap size, high electron mobility and pronounced ambient stability. Meanwhile, it has been predicted that high-quality Bi 2 O 2 Se-related heterostructures may possess exotic physical phenomena, such as piezoelectricity and topological superconductivity. Herein, we report the first successful heteroepitaxial growth of Bi 2 O 2 Se films on SrTiO 3 substrates via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. Films obtained under optimal conditions show an epitaxial growth with the c axis perpendicular to the film surface and the a and b axes parallel to the substrate. The growth mode transition to three-dimensional (3D) island from quasi-2D layer of the heteroepitaxial Bi 2 O 2 Se films on SrTiO 3 (001) substrates is observed as prolonging deposition time of films. The maximum value of electron mobility reaches 160 cm 2 V -1 s -1 at room temperature in a 70 nm thick film. The thickness dependent mobility provides evidence that interface-scattering is likely to be the limiting factor for the relatively low electron mobility at low temperature, implying that the interface engineering as an effective method to tune the low temperature electron mobility. Our work suggests the epitaxial Bi 2 O 2 Se films grown by PLD are promising for both fundamental study and practical applications.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies and its prognosis is extremely poor. This study identifies a novel oncogene, microfibrillar-associated protein 2 (MFAP2) in GC. With integrative reanalysis of transcriptomic data, we found MFAP2 as a GC prognosis-related gene. And the aberrant expression of MFAP2 was explored in GC samples. Subsequent experiments indicated that silencing and exogenous MFAP2 could affect motility of cancer cells. The inhibition of silencing MFAP2 could be rescued by another FAK activator, fibronectin. This process is probably through affecting the activation of focal adhesion process via modulating ITGB1 and ITGA5. MFAP2 regulated integrin expression through ERK1/2 activation. Silencing MFAP2 by shRNA inhibited tumorigenicity and metastasis in nude mice. We also revealed that MFAP2 is a novel target of microRNA-29, and miR-29/MFAP2/integrin α5β1/FAK/ERK1/2 could be an important oncogenic pathway in GC progression. In conclusion, our data identified MFAP2 as a novel oncogene in GC and revealed that miR-29/MFAP2/integrin α5β1/FAK/ERK1/2 could be an important oncogenic pathway in GC progression.

Low-temperature specific heat (SH) is measured on the 1111-type CaFe 0.88 Co 0.12 AsF single crystals under different magnetic fields. A clear SH jump with the height [Formula: see text] mJ mol -1 K -2 is observed at the superconducting transition temperature T c . The electronic SH coefficient [Formula: see text] increases linearly with the field below 5 T and a kink is observed around 5 T, indicating a multi-gap feature in the present system. Such a sign is also reflected in the T c   -  B data. A detailed analysis shows that this behavior can be interpreted in terms of a two-gap scenario with the ratio [Formula: see text]-4.5.

The layered oxyselenides with the formula Ln CrSe 2 O ( Ln = Ce-Nd) were synthesized via molten salt methods. The isostructural compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group of C 2/ m . The crystal structures feature ∞ 2 [CrSe 2 O] 3- motifs stacked along the a axis, which are separated by Ln 3+ ions. The ∞ 2 [CrSe 2 O] 3- layers are composed of [Cr1Se 6 ] 9- and [Cr2Se 4 O 2 ] 9- octahedra via corner and edge sharing. Powder X-ray diffraction results confirm the phase purities of the as-synthesized compounds. Ln CrSe 2 O ( Ln = Ce-Nd) show typical antiferromagnetic ordering with T N = 125, 120, and 118 K, respectively. Heat capacity measurement for NdCrSe 2 O indicates that the Debye temperature is 278.4 K. Similar metal-to-semiconductor phase transitions were observed for Ln CrSe 2 O ( Ln = Ce-Nd) plates with transition temperatures of 115, 109, and 95 K, respectively. NdCrSe 2 O also possesses a magnetoresistance effect at low temperature (<25 K) with a significant positive magnetoresistance ∼ 16% at 2 K and 1 T.

Since interface superconductivity was discovered at the interface between two insulating layers LaAlO 3 and SrTiO 3 , such interface-induced superconducting systems have been a research hotspot in superconductivity. Here, we report homogeneous interfaces formed by stacking chemically exfoliated monolayer TaS 2 nanosheets randomly. Enhanced superconductivity of T c = 3 K is observed, compared with 0.8 K of parent 2H-TaS 2 . The measurement of heat capacity shows the increase of electronic specific-heat coefficient γ of restacked TaS 2 nanosheets compared to parent 2H-TaS 2 crystals. Density functional theory calculations indicate that increase and delocalization of electron states near the Fermi surface due to the homogeneous interfaces effects could account for the enhanced superconductivity.

La1-xMgxO1-2xF2xBiS2 (x = 0.1-0.35) were synthesized, and their superconductive properties were investigated. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) increased below the codoping level (x ≤ 0.25). La1-xMgxOBiS2 (x = 0-0.2) and La1-xMgxO0.6F0.4BiS2 (x = 0.1-0.3) were further prepared to explore the effect of Mg(2+). We found that the introduction of Mg(2+) and F(-) leads to local structure distortion. Larger distortion is beneficial for superconductivity in LaOBiS2, which was further confirmed by the results in La1-xCaxO1-2xF2xBiS2 (x = 0.2, 0.3).

We have measured the magnetic field and temperature dependence of specific heat on Bi&#95;{2}Sr&#95;{2-x}La&#95;{x}CuO&#95;{6+delta} single crystals in wide doping and temperature regions. The superconductivity related specific-heat coefficient gamma&#95;{sc} and entropy S&#95;{sc} are determined. It is found that gamma&#95;{sc} has a humplike anomaly at T&#95;{c} and behaves as a long tail which persists far into the normal state for the underdoped samples, but for the heavily overdoped samples the anomaly ends sharply just near T&#95;{c}. Interestingly, we found that the entropy associated with superconductivity is roughly conserved when and only when the long tail part in the normal state is taken into account for the underdoped samples, indicating the residual superconductivity above T&#95;{c}.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of collagen peptide intake on bone metabolism in growing (G) and calcium-deficient mature (M) rats. As for the dosages used, they were amounts equal to the recommended supplements for humans (0.166 g/kg body weight (BW) per day: Coll-1G and Coll-1M groups), 10-fold higher (1.66 g/kg BW per day: Coll-10G and Coll-10M groups), and 100-fold higher (16.6 g/kg BW per day: Coll-100G group). In growing male rats, bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur in the Coll-100G group was significantly higher than that in the other groups after the 4-week experimental period. On the other hand, kidneys in the rats from the Coll-100G group exhibited hypertrophy. To examine the effects of collagen peptide on bone metabolism in a calcium-deficient status, mature female rats were fed a 0.01% Ca diet for 9 weeks and then fed a diet with 0.2% calcium with or without collagen peptide (control, Coll-1M, and Coll-10M groups) or a 0.5% calcium diet (normal Ca) for 8 weeks. BMD of the whole femur in the Coll-10M group was significantly higher than that in the control and Coll-1M groups, and the level was similar to that in the normal Ca group. BMD of the lumbar spine in the Coll-10M group was significantly higher than their baseline value, as well as being significantly higher than that in the control and Coll-1M groups. These results suggest that orally administered collagen peptide may provide beneficial effects on bone metabolism, especially in the calcium-deficient condition, without obvious undesirable effects., (Copyright 2004 Springer-Verlag)