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Pope John Paul II and a number of economists support reserved views on the social benefits of free market. John Paul II's 1991 encyclical 'Centesimus Annus' advocates an economist's perspective on various economic concerns. These include the allocation of resources, consumers' needs and preferences, distribution of purchasing power, supply and demand economics, and production-distribution processes.

A study was conducted to examine Pope John Paul II's views on the role of multinational enterprises in establishing social economies. Three encyclicals were analyzed to examine multinational enterprise oversight, namely 'Labrem Exercens,' 'Sollicitudo Rei Socialis' and 'Centesimus Annus.' Findings showed that the expansion of multinational corporations should be accommodated with institutional arrangements to effectively realize socio-economic objectives.

Pope John Paul II's views on the social economy are examined based on the encyclicals 'Laborem Exercens,' 'Sollicitudo Rei Socialis' and 'Centesimus Annus.' The Pope advocates moral guidance and responsibility to those seeking social economy. He treats capitalism as a materialist philosophy that promotes exploitation. Moreover, John Paul promotes a framework for dealing with various economic issues related to work, the environment, property rights and trade agreements.

A study was conducted to analyze Pope John Paul II's views on the social economy based on a historial perspective. Several materials published from 1961 to 1991 were examined to support Pope John Paul II's thoughts on social economy and ideas on justice based on international development. These include 'Mater et Magistra,' 'Pacem in Terris,' 'Gaudium et Spes,' 'Populorum Pregressio,' and 'Octogesima Adveniens.'

A study was conducted to examine the premise that societies should be organized to support human development using Pope John Paul II's encyclical 'Sollicitudo Rei Socialis.' Results indicated that the encyclical promotes directions for national and international development policies for developing nations. Findings also suggested that Pope John Paul II advocates the use of human and societal values to promote social economics issues.

A study was conducted to examine the Catholic Church's social teachings on labor unions and workplace democracy using public papal announcements. The teachings focused on various concerns regarding labor, including the international nature of workers' problems, standards, practices, working conditions and wages. Results reaffirmed the importance of research, education and communication in achieving workplace democracy to workers.

A study was conducted to analyze the conventional neoclassical evaluation of international trade and to determine the positive and negative contributions of capitalism to the human person. The impact of international trade on human values was also examined. The value of friendship is utilized to help economists evaluate the various benefits of free trade. Results suggested measures that policy makers can utilize to support a balanced view on the efficiency of free trade.

A study was conducted to examine Pope John Paul II's views on human work using the conciliar document 'Dignitatis Humanae' from the Second Vatican council. John Paul II's perspectives on human work arguably stemmed from Cardinal Pietro Pavan's own thinking. He advocates contemporary man as someone who is conscious of his dignity and values that advance economic actions geared for the development of man's whole being.

The encyclicals of John Paul, Pius XI and Leo XIII promote the right to distributions and responsibility for taking care of the poor. The encyclicals, which are said to be based on the Scripture and on the perspectives of Aristotle, Aquinas and Locke, also support private property rights and status rights. Moreover, they put forward rights used to organize the operations of modern economies.

A study was conducted to examine a principle referred to by Pope John Paul II as 'the priority of labor over capital.' The various works of Pope John Paul II were also analyzed to determine the various causes of labor market injustices and inequalities, and their possible solutions. The injustices and inequalities were correlated with the role of the state in promoting the status of employers, land and capital ownership, and personal morality.

Pope John Paul II's 1991 encyclical 'Centesimus Annus' focused on factors influencing excessive consumption. These factors correlate with the economic gap and economic dignity between the rich and the poor, human degradation and consumption's impact on the environment. A personalist perspective to the neoclassical economics view on individual preferences is given as the only determinant of economic welfare.

A previous study showed that regional differences in the socioeconomic well-being of the Appalachian counties did not emanate from differences in urbanization but from regional differences in the well-being among nonmetropolitan counties. The data from this study were reanalyzed using spatial autoregression approaches to determine the validity of the perceived superior status of nonmetropolitan Appalachian counties. It was discovered that even with the use of the spatial analysis, southern nonmetropolitan counties in Appalachia continued to manifest higher levels of well-being.

We should expect to find mechanisms which induce people to remain socially indebted to each other and which inhibit their complete repayment. - Alvin Gouldner INTRODUCTION The gift is not [...]

Feminist theorists are increasingly fond of the term 'care,' but have yet to systematically explore its economic implications. - Nancy Folbre (1995, 74) Professor of Economics University of Massachusetts at [...]

The institution of marriage is an important factor behind social stability and the state should implement policy changes to encourage people to marry and to remain married. Divorce can have an adverse impact on children, while also leading to wider social costs such as the cost of deviant behaviour by the products of broken homes. Stable families are also an important source of care for the elderly. The state should support marriage by changes in tax and benefit policies, by making divorce more difficult and by restoring the idea of responsibility in the marriage contract.

A study was conducted to analyze the relationship between productivity, profitability and economic insecurity in the US. The importance of entrepreneurship to industrial revolution and interpreting productivity information was also examined. In addition, productivity problems were analyzed by examining the role of entrepreneurs and the impact of revolutionary change in society.