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In this paper a revised GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling) algorithm is developed in which heuristicsare not required such as dividing the available date. into training data and checking data, predetermining the structure of the partial polynomials, or predetermining the number of intermediate variables. In this algorithm the prediction error criterion, such as PSS (Prediction Sum of Squares) or AIC (Akaike's Information Criterion) evaluated from all the available data, in used as a criterion for generating optimal partial polynomials, for selecting intermediate variables and for stopping the multilayered iterative computation. This heuristics freeGMDH algorithm is applied to non-linear modelling for short-term prediction of air pollution concentration. By using the time series data of SO2, concentration, the wind velocity and the wind direction in Tokushima; Japan, a suitable model for predicting SO2concentration at a few hours in advance is developed. The predicted results obtained by the rev...

In this paper, a method of identifying a spatial pattern of air pollution concentration in a large area, is developed. Firstly, a source-receptor matrix , which represents a linear relationship between the multiple air pollution sources and the air pollution concentration at the multiple monitoring stations (receptors), is estimated by a regression analysis of rough data. This source-receptor matrix is used as a rough model of first-order approximation. Then, the difference between the output of the real system (observed data at the monitoring station) and the output of the rough model is identified by a revised GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling), which is a revised version of the basic GMDH algorithm developed by Ivakhnenko. By using synthetic data obtained by the computer simulation of air pollution diffusion, the predicted result obtained from the combined model developed in this paper is compared with the results obtained from the source-receptor matrix model only, and also with the results obtained from the combined model of source-receptor matrix and the basic GMDH.

The area reported in this paper lies on the west coast of Kii Peninsula, Honshu Island, which projects itself into the pacific ocaen. The feudal lord of this area in the early modern age was the Kishu-Tokugawas.It is generally believed that the administrative village at the time were, as a rule, composed of one settlement. However, it is not correct. The fact was, several settlements were grouped into one village from the administrative point of view.Generally speaking, villages in the plain area were smaller in area than those in the mountains. This is because the villages in the plains were composed of a few settlements while the villages in the mountain area were composed of considerably many settlements, in addition to the fact that the distribution of settlements in the plains was denser than those in the mountains. Nevertheless, the former were better off than the latter.Some villages were composed of a plenty of wealthy settlements. They had large areas and were wealthy. The villages which were composed of a few poor settlements are also found. They had smaller areas and were poor. These villages can be said to have had an intermediate character between the plain type and the mountain type. They are found in the intermediate zone between the plains and the mountains.After the Meiji Restoration there was a change in the village oomposition. In most cases new villages were formed, combining several villages of feudal times. Some of the villages, however, remained unchanged as before. Many of them are the wealthy villages of the above-mentioned intermediate type.

On reinvestigating the specificity of the Chlorazol fast pink staining method for PVP, it was newly found that not only PVP, but also eosinophile granules in the eosinophile segmented nuclear leucocytes, eosinophile mononuclear cells, and eosinophile myelocytes as well as plasma-like substances deposited in tissues were brightly stained with this method but that no other structures did.In this paper, the entity of the substance responsible for the Chlorazol fast pink stain-positive reaction is discussed.

Place name of Tsushima has the special characteristics, which is different from that of near Iki Isl. and Goto Isl. Dan or Danyama is the name of the mountain. The plain on the top of a mountain is Yamandan. The saddle of a mountain is Togendan. The field in the mountain is danbaru or danbari. The mountain range is sone, keta and kuma. Sone means the rock pile in the sea at Iki Isl. Kuma means in usual the heart of a mountain or the small basin along the river, but it means the top of a mountain at Tsushima Koba is the place name of the land under cultivation relating to the burning cultivation field. The valley is called sale, Kubo udou wada and wami are also used. At Iki Isl. wada means the small settlement. The field is baru or bari. There is little connection between the place of name Tsushima and that of Iki Isl. or Gotto Isl., we think.

“Kishu” is a district situated on the Pacific coast of the central part of Japan. Taking up this district as an example, I made a study of the administrative village in the Edo Era (1603-1867). The administrative village in those days was a section which was locally composed of several natural villages, and it was jointly placed under the tax obligation. Some of the administrative villages were composed of one natural village, and others several natural villages. The former was found mostly in a plain area, and the latter in a mountainous area. An administrative village in a mountainous area included an increasing number of natural villages in the deeper area. The daily life of the villagers in the administrative village of the time was carried on under the system of self-government with a village master called Shoya as their leader, but with the exception of the tax obligation. Therefore one administrative village in a mountainous area included some communities in it, and each community was, moreover, divided into smaller communities. This kind of community was called Kona. Kona was, from the geographical point of view, a group of some natural villages or a natural village itself. Of all Konas a remotely situated Kona was called Edago, a branch village. Edago belonged to an administrative village, but the people living there carried on their daily life a little away from the other Konas.When the Meiji Era (1868-1912) began after the Edo Era, some of these administrative villages were as a group united, and a new administrative village was organized. And the new village was endowed with a modern administrative feature which was different from that of the Edo Era. The villagers, however, did not try to break the community organization right away to which they were accustomed in the Edo Era.

泌乳日数38～218日の18人の婦人から22試料の人乳を採取し,それぞれの試料について,超遠心法により乳汁中の窒素,カルシウムおよび燐の沈降性を観察した.その結果を平均値および標準偏差で表わすと次のとおりである. (1) 40,000r.p.m. (105,400×g), 20分間の遠心分離により,人脱脂乳中の全窒素の25.9±8.1%,カルシウムの12.6±7.9%,酸可溶性無機燐の6.7±4.5%が沈降した.沈降した全窒素のうち82.3±8.5%がカゼイン態窒素であり,17.7±8.6%が非カゼイン態窒素であった,沈降したカゼイン態窒素は全カゼイン態窒素の64.6±18.6%であった. (2) 沈降物中には,カゼイン態窒素1mg当り,カルシウム0.094±0.042mg,酸可溶性無機燐0.018±0.015mg,カゼイン態燐0.031±0.021mg,エステル燐0.002±0.005mgが含まれていた. これらの値は試料によって著しく変動したが,泌乳日数との関係はみられなかった.以上の結果を牛乳と比較検討した.

In river-quality systems there are many complex phenomena at work, such as biochemical reactions, thermal behavior, sedimentation, and photosynthetic oxygen production; therefore the structure of any physical model that considers the influence of these phenomena is necessarily very complex (Rinaldi et al., 1976, 1979). Parameter estimation procedures for physical models (Rinaldi et al., 1976) that have been used for predicting pollution levels of river quality are also very complicated.

A new vital staining method with neutral red has been established where by cerebral ganglion cells can be stained in vivo.

An extremely rare adult case that underwent surgery for ileus caused by Bochdalek hernia associated with Chilaiditi’s syndrome is presented. A 65-year-old woman complaining of upper abdominal pain presented to our hospital. Abdominal plain radiography showed increased intestinal gas, and computed tomography (CT) showed the transverse colon located above the right lobe of the liver, representing Chilaiditi’s sign. She was diagnosed as having ileus and treated with decompression therapy by a nasoenteric tube. After hospitalization, the patient developed dyspnea, and CT showed intestinal herniation into the right thoracic cavity. She was diagnosed as having strangulated ileus caused by Bochdalek hernia. An emergent laparotomy was performed, and it showed a hole of 5 cm in diameter at the right hemi-diaphragm. The transverse colon was incarcerated through the hole, it was pulled back to the abdominal cavity, and a right hemicolectomy was performed because of necrotic changes. A small part of the liver was also herniated into the right thoracic cavity, and it was returned to the abdominal cavity. The defect in the diaphragm was closed by direct suture. Although the patient developed an abscess in the thoracic cavity postoperatively, she improved with antibiotic therapy and was discharged 2 months after the operation.

[1] The equation of state of δAlOOH has been determined at room temperature up to 22.5 GPa by angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. The isothermal bulk modulus K0T was found to be 252 (±3) GPa, assuming that its pressure derivative K′0T is 4, by fitting a third order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. δAlOOH is thus the least compressible hydrous phase known with compressibility comparable to that of corundum and stishovite, confirming that this phase can be stable at the lower mantle conditions.

Background/Aims We conducted an analysis of chromosomal numerical aberrations and their clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods We analyzed 87 hepatocellular carcinomas by array-based comparative genomic hybridization with an array containing 800 bacterial artificial chromosome clones. Results Frequent (>30%) chromosomal losses on 1p36.1, 4q21-25, 4q34-35.1, 8p23.3b-11.1, 13q14.1-14.3, 16p13.3, 16q22.1-24.3b, 17p13.3-13.1 and 17p13.3-11, and gains on 1q21-44f, 2q21.2, 2q34, 3q11.2, 5p14.2, 5q13.2-14, 7p22, 7p14.2, 7q21.1, 7q22.3, 7q34, 8q12-24.3 and 17q23, were observed. Recurrent (>5%) amplifications were detected on 1q25, 8q11 and 11q11, and we discovered a novel homozygous deletion at 14q32.11. The extent of chromosomal aberrations correlated significantly with various clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors, and increased in a stepwise manner with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. We also identified novel chromosomal alterations that were significantly associated with a range of malignant phenotypes. Multivariate analysis revealed that both chromosomal loss on 17p13.3 and gain on 8q11 are independent prognostic indicators. Conclusions Our results contribute to a complete description of genomic structural aberrations in relation to hepatocarcinogenesis and provide a valuable basis from which we can begin to understand the characteristics of tumors, predict patient outcomes and discover novel therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background Early recurrence after surgical resection is a hallmark of poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To determine the proteomic background of early recurrence of HCC, we focused on apoptosis-related proteins. Methods Surgically resected tumor tissues were obtained from 80 patients, including HCC tumor tissues, non-tumor tissues, and normal liver tissues. These samples were grouped in the discovery and validation sample sets. The expression level of 192 apoptosis-related proteins was monitored using 247 commercially available antibodies and western blotting. The intensity of protein bands was compared between the tumor and non-tumor tissues as well as between the patients who had recurrence within 2 years after surgery and those who did not. Results In the first screening, we used pooled samples. The intensity of 53 protein bands detected by 37 unique antibodies was higher in tumor tissues compared with normal liver tissues, especially tumor tissues from patients who had recurrence within 2 years after surgery. In the second screening, we examined individual samples used to make the pooled samples. Among the selected bands and antibodies, the intensity of 18 protein bands detected by 11 antibodies was higher in tumor tissues compared with that in normal tissues, especially tumor tissues from the patients with early recurrence after surgery. For the third screening, we examined the samples from newly enrolled patients using these 11 antibodies. Eighteen protein bands detected by six antibodies were selected by using the same criteria. The corresponding antigens included ERK1, PKG, Apaf1, BclX, phosphorylated c-abl, and PIASx1/2. Conclusions We screened 192 apoptosis-related proteins using specific antibodies and western blotting. We identified 6 apoptosis-related proteins associated with carcinogenesis and early recurrence in HCC. The biological and clinical significance of the identified proteins are worth further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-016-9130-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

We present the first measurements of carbonate melt viscosity and density at mantle pressures and temperatures and provide important data for modelling carbonatite behaviour within the mantle. Synchrotron radiation was used to observe falling spheres with high atomic number in situ, allowing precise determination of high terminal velocities over short fall distances. The measured viscosities of 1.5 (5) X 10m2 to 5 (2.5) X 10e3 Pas are the lowest of any known terrestrial magma types and these measurements extend the region of measurable viscosity at high pressure by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Accurate measurements of K,Ca(CO,), melt density were performed at atmospheric pressure

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is an aggressive spindle cell cancer of soft-tissue sarcoma type in the elderly, mostly affecting the extremities. Lesions > 5 cm, positive margins, and local recurrence are significant poor prognostic indicators. The strongest predictor for distant metastasis was tumor size (> 5 cm), and for overall survival, presence of local recurrence. Limb-sparing extensive tumor resection is preferred to achieve negative surgical margins. However, in some circumstances, amputation is inevitable. Recent studies demonstrated that adjuvant radiotherapy for microscopically positive surgical margins significantly improved local control and disease-free survival rates. Therefore, effective therapeutic strategies against locally relapsed high grade MFH are required to prevent distant metastasis and to achieve long-term disease-free survival. Here, we report local relapse of high grade MFH treated by successive application of autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccination (AFTV) with limb-sparing surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The patient is alive and well, disease-free and with no functional impairment, more than five years after treatment.