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Bismuth telluride-based alloy materials are currently the best performing thermoelectric materials at near room temperature; however, their production and use generate waste (e.g., cutting waste and failed grains). There is also lack of efficient recycling strategies for the generated waste. In this study, a selective sulfidation-vacuum volatilization method is proposed for recovering bismuth telluride waste. The Gibbs free energies of the sulfidation reaction of bismuth telluride are calculated, the saturated vapor pressure of each substance is analyzed, and the composition of the products is predicted. Based on the differences among the sulfidation and volatile properties of bismuth and tellurium, by adding sulfur to bismuth telluride waste, the composition of the substances was regulated, and efficient separation of tellurium and bismuth was achieved. We combined theoretical calculations and experimental studies to investigate the effect of process conditions on the separation and recovery of tellurium and bismuth. The results show that bismuth was thoroughly sulfereted and tellurium was a pure metal when the mass ratio of sulfur to bismuth telluride was 0.168, the sulfidation temperature was 573 K, and the holding time was 60 min. After sulfidation of the bismuth telluride waste, the sulfides were telluride and bismuthous sulfide. The sulfides, that resulted from sulfureted bismuth telluride production, were treated via vacuum volatilization. The optimal vacuum volatilization condition was 873 K for 120 min. The purities of tellurium and bismuth sulfide obtained by the selective sulfidation-vacuum volatilization experiment were >99%. The distribution ratios of tellurium and bismuth were 98.46% and 99.59%, respectively. The method thoroughly separated tellurium and bismuth from bismuth telluride waste, considerably reducing the environmental and economic costs compared with those of the conventional processes. [Display omitted] • 1、First combination of sulfidation and volatilization to treat bismuth telluride waste. • 2、During sulfidation stage, bismuth telluride and sulfur undergo replacement reaction. • 3、Vacuum volatilization can completely separate tellurium from bismuth sulfide. • 4、The direct recovery rate of tellurium and bismuth sulfide are both greater than 99%. • 5、The method realizes the efficient separation of tellurium and bismuth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A systematic DFT study was carried out to analyze the various SnAu cluster. • Since NO and CO gases are an increasing health problem, with CO being extremely dangerous as it cannot be detected without a physical detector, the current study offers a very promising way forward towards the research and development of novel sensors for these gases. • Furthermore, DFT is once again shown as a very useful method for the study of physical chemistry of this type, which will undoubtedly motivate and inspire further work in this area. Monitoring and control of CO and NO gases are now considered important for public health. These can be achieved by the research and development of novel sensors. Bimetallic Au–Me clusters such as Au-Pt, Au-Pd, and Au-Pb exhibit extremely high sensitivity, making them suitable for application in gas adsorption and sensing. Here, the ground-state structure, average binding energy, fragmentation energy, second-order energy difference, HOMO–LUMO gap, and average charge of Sn n Au n (n: 2–12) clusters were evaluated using density functional theory calculations. It was found that the Sn n Au n (n = 3, 8) clusters exhibited optimal performance in terms of chemical stability and charge transfer dynamics. Furthermore, the efficiency of CO and NO adsorption on the Sn n Au n (n = 3, 8) clusters was investigated in terms of the geometric, energetic, and electronic properties of the clusters. The results showed that CO and NO molecules chemisorb on the Sn n Au n (n = 3, 8) clusters, thereby allowing limited charge transfer, which significantly affects the physical properties and HOMO–LUMO gap of CO and NO molecules. These results suggest that the Sn n Au n (n = 3, 8) clusters can act as gas adsorbents for CO and NO molecules, and also can be used as effective sensors for NO detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the measurement and modeling of vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) in In–Pb and In–Pb–Sn alloys subjected to vacuum distillation at a system pressure of 5–10 Pa in the temperature range of 1100–1280 K. Pb and In was satisfactorily separated by a single-stage distillation at 1180 K. Pb was thoroughly removed from In–Pb–Sn alloy by a single-stage distillation at 1220 K. Molecular interaction volume model (MIVM) was used to calculate the activities of components of In–Pb alloy. The deviations were small. The activities of components of In–Pb–Sn alloy were also predicted by MIVM. The VLE of In–Pb and In–Pb–Sn alloy systems were predicted by MIVM and VLE theory. The calculated results agree well with VLE data determined from experiments, which indicates that the calculated VLE is reliable. The VLE can be used to guide the separation of indium-based alloys by vacuum distillation. In this study, the model prediction was combined with vacuum distillation experiments, which not only verified the reliability of MIVM for indium-based alloys, but also optimized the process parameters of vacuum distillation of indium-based alloys, providing theoretical guidance for the separation and purification of indium-based alloys by vacuum distillation or the treatment of indium-containing complex materials. • In–Pb alloy was satisfactorily separated by a single-stage vacuum distillation. • Pb was thoroughly removed from In–Pb–Sn alloy by a single-stage vacuum distillation. • The VLE phase diagram of In-based alloy systems was calculated using the MIVM. • The VLE data of In-based alloy systems were experimentally determined for the first time. • The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental VLE data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacuum carbothermal reduction method of magnesium has the potential to become a new green process to replace the pidgeon method. Adding catalyst to enhance the degree of reduction is highly significant for this method. In this work, the behavior of NaF during vacuum carbothermal reduction of MgO was thermodynamically analyzed, and the experimental results were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM and EDS. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the reaction temperature for vacuum carbothermal reduction of MgO was above 1462 K(80 Pa), and NaF did not participate in reaction during the reduction process, which was mainly the effect of F−. Experimental analysis showed that the addition of NaF obviously improved the degree of reduction, the mass loss rate elevated with the increasing of NaF addition and holding time, when the addition amount was greater than 7%, the mass loss rate tended to level off, which is the result of the limited effect of F−. The purity of magnesium in the condensate reached more than 91.11% with a good crystallization and granular structure. NaF did not participate in the carbothermal reduction of magnesium in vacuum, where it plays a catalytic role in the process. • Thermodynamics calculated the possibility of NaF catalyzing in the vacuum carbon thermal reduction process of magnesium oxide. • Experiments verified the catalytic effect of the catalyst NaF. • The catalytic mechanism of NaF was described, which provided more selectivity for the selection of catalysts in the vacuum carbon thermal reduction process of magnesium oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sb 2 S 3 with a purity of 99.99 % was produced form antimony sulfide ore. • Provide a new idea for the cheap preparation of high-purity antimony trisulfide. • The volatilization behavior of impurity elements such as As, Fe, Al was investigated. • The stability and volatility of compounds are explained by thermodynamic description. High purity antimony trisulfide has been widely used in the photovoltaic field. A new clean process for preparing high purity antimony trisulfide directly from antimony ore by a two-step vacuum distillation method at low temperature was proposed in this study. Impurity arsenic was volatilized into the gas phase, and antimony and other impurities were retained in the residue in the first step at 773 K and 5 Pa for 60 min in the first step vacuum distillation. The content of the arsenic in the residue was 0.1 × 10-3 wt%, and the removal ratio was 99.98 %. Antimony trisulfide was volatilized into the gas phase, and other impurities were retained in the residue in the second step vacuum distillation at 923 K and 5 Pa for 30 min. The total removal ratio of impurities through the two-step process can reach 99.524 %, and the antimony trisulfide product with a purity of about 99.99 wt% can be obtained directly. This method provides a novel idea for the efficient and low-cost preparation of high-purity antimony trisulfide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jamesonite is an important mineral for the preparation of antimony sulfide, which can be decomposed into different metal sulfides under vacuum. The enrichment of antimony sulfide from jamesonite was systematically studied. The volatilization rate of pure sulfide at 20 Pa was measured by self-made vacuum weighing equipment. The volatilization ratio and purity of antimony trisulfide at different temperatures and holding times were also investigated. At 700 °C, the volatilization rate of antimony sulfide and lead sulfide is 0.455 g/cm2/min and 0.009 g/cm2/min, respectively. Temperature has a greater influence on the volatilization and condensation of antimony trisulfide than the holding time. With the increase of temperature from 500 to 800 °C and holding time from 60 to 150 min, the volatilization ratio of antimony trisulfide increases while the purity decreases. It is determined that 700 °C and 120 min are the best experimental conditions for enriching antimony trisulfide. The volatilization rate of antimony trisulfide reaches 95.35% and the purity is 99.17%. This study can provide technical guidance for the enrichment of antimony sulfide from jamesonite. • The volatilization rates of Sb 2 S 3 and PbS under vacuum was measured for the first time. • The effects of temperature and time on the enrichment of antimony sulfide were explored. • Antimony sulfide with a high purity was obtained through vacuum distillation. • Provide technical guidance for enriching Sb 2 S 3 via complex lead antimony sulfide ore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the modified molecular interaction volume model (M-MIVM) was used to calculate the activities of components of the PbS–Sb 2 S 3 binary matte system. On this basis, the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of the PbS–Sb 2 S 3 system were calculated by M-MIVM in combination with the theory of vacuum metallurgy and VLE. Additionally, the VLE experiment of the PbS–Sb 2 S 3 binary matte system was conducted to correctly interpret the results of the model. The calculated results of the VLE of the model were consistent with the experimental values, and the VLE calculation of the PbS–Sb 2 S 3 binary matte system by M-MIVM was reliable. This is an effective and convenient method to predict the relationship between product components with temperature and pressure in vacuum distillation of PbS and Sb 2 S 3 mixed melts, providing theoretical guidance for vacuum separation and purification of PbS and Sb 2 S 3. • Vapor-liquid equilibrium experiment of PbS–Sb 2 S 3 was studied under vacuum firstly. • M-MIVM model was first to predict the activities of the PbS–Sb 2 S 3 system. • The predicted result of M-MIVM model is consistent with the experimental result. • Providing reference on the application of M-MIVM model in the sulfide minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this research, thermodynamic analysis and XRD were used to study the products in carbothermal reduction of Al2O3 under vacuum. Gaseous reduction product, Al(g) or Al2O(g), was produced in carbothermal reduction of Al2O3 at 1623 K under 5–30 Pa, and carried out further reactions with CO(g) to produce Al4O4C, Al4C3, Al2O3 and C. Aluminum product was produced by carbothermal reduction of Al2O3 at low temperature 1623 K under 5–30 Pa, which was the condensate product of Al(g) or disproportionation product of Al2O(g). Aluminum product in condensation tower would be reduced due to the reactions between Al(g) and CO(g) or Al2O(g) and CO(g). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Separation behavior of As, Zn and Cd impurities in purification process is researched. • Occurrence state of As, Zn and Cd trace impurities in refined lead is verify. • Novel high-temperature pyrolysis-zone condensation purification process is proposed. • Removal efficiencies of As, Zn and Cd reached 99.96%, 99.98% and approximately 100%. • Direct yield of the lead product can reach 90%. Environmentally friendly vacuum distillation has been employed to purify refined lead (99.996%), aiming to separate low-boiling point trace impurities of As, Zn and Cd in refined lead and to provide a foundation for the preparation of high-purity lead (5 N) and ultrapure lead (6 N). In this paper, the low-boiling point trace impurities As, Zn and Cd in refined lead are removed by low-temperature vacuum distillation (LTVD). Detailed analysis of the initial and purified lead was performed by glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) to reveal that Cd and Zn were evaporated as volatiles and were removed from the refined lead in a crucible. Correspondingly, the contents of Zn and Cd impurities decreased from 4 ppmw and 1 ppmw to 0.006 ppmw and 0.01 ppmw, respectively. In contrast to the removal efficiencies of Zn and Cd by LTVD, the removal efficiency of As impurities is only 4%. To cope with this, a novel high-temperature pyrolysis-zone condensation (HTP-ZC) vacuum purification process is proposed for further As separation. The HTP-ZC results indicate that As, Cd and Zn are condensed as residues and removed in the condensation stage. Removal efficiencies of 99.96% for As, 99.98% for Zn, and approximately 100% for Cd were achieved. This approach, with huge industrialization potential, pushes the direct yield of the product to 90% and effectively removes trace impurities with low boiling points, such as As, Cd and Zn, in refined lead. The proposed HTP-ZC process has the potential to stably, cleanly and efficiently produce high-purity lead and ultrapure lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A single phase zirconium oxycarbonitride was prepared through carbothermal reduction route using ZrO 2 and graphite powder as raw materials. • The zirconium oxycarbonitride has good chemical stability in NaCl-KCl melt and also exhibits good anodic dissolution. • Zirconium metal was produced by electrolysis using zirconium oxycarbonitride as anode in NaCl-KCl melt, which indicated that zirconium oxycarbonitride was a suitable consumable material for the electrolytic preparation of zirconium. A single phase zirconium oxycarbonitride was prepared through a carbothermal reduction route at 1600 °C in nitrogen atmosphere using ZrO 2 and graphite powder as raw materials. The hot-pressed zirconium oxycarbonitride block has good stability in the NaCl-KCl melt. The anodic dissolution behavior of zirconium oxycarbonitride and the reduction mechanism of zirconium ion in NaCl-KCl melt were studied by linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The results show that zirconium in the anode is oxidized to Zr2+ ions and dissolved in the molten salt. The zirconium ions diffuse to the cathode and are reduced to zirconium metal by transferring two electrons in one step. Potentiostatic electrolysis at −2.9 V was performed between a Mo rod cathode and ZrC x O y N z anode. The cathode product was detected to be zirconium metal, which indicated that zirconium oxycarbonitride was a suitable consumable anode for the electrolytic preparation of zirconium metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study explored the optimal time interval between staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA) to minimize early complications of the second TKA and maximise the long-term function of the first and second knees., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 266 patients who underwent staged BTKA between 2013 and 2018. Groups 1-4 had time intervals between BTKAs of 1-6, 6-12, 12-18, and 18-24 months, respectively. Demographics, postoperative complications within 90 days of the second TKA, Knee Society Score (KSS), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score were compared among the groups., Results: In total, 54, 96, 75, and 41 patients were assigned to groups 1-4, respectively. Although group 1 had the highest overall complication rate (11.11%), there was no significant difference in the complication rate among the four groups. Also, no significant differences were found among the four groups in functional and patient-reported outcomes, in either the first or second knee at 5 years postoperatively, including KSS-knee, KSS-function, WOMAC-pain, WOMAC-stiffness, and WOMAC-physical function. The interval between BTKA did not influence complications or the function of the second knee. The TKA type (posterior-stabilised vs. medial-pivot) and age did not correlate significantly with any scores., Conclusions: There was no group difference in early complications of the second TKA, and postoperative function was equivalent between the two knees and did not vary by the interval between surgeries. The results of this study give surgeons and patients more choices. If patients cannot tolerate severe symptoms in the contralateral knee after the first TKA, the second TKA should be performed as early as possible. If knee joint function is not well recovered after the first TKA, and patients are anxious to undergo the second TKA, surgeons can advise patients to postpone the operation based on these results., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is the most widely used second-generation semiconductor material. However, a large amount of GaAs scrap is generated at various stages of the GaAs wafer production process. Volatile GaAs clusters are inevitably generated during the process of GaAs vacuum thermal decomposition, resulting in lower purity of the recovered arsenic and the loss of gallium. In this study, thermodynamic analysis and dynamics simulation were combined to discuss the possibility of separating GaAs clusters and arsenic from a microscopic perspective. A vacuum thermal decomposition-directional condensation recovery process for GaAs scrap was proposed. By properly adjusting the separation parameters such as heating temperature, holding time and raw material size, high purity of gallium (99.99%) and arsenic (99.5%) were directly recovered under a system pressure of 1 Pa, heating temperature of 1323 K, holding time of 3 h, and GaAs scrap size of 2.5 cm. GaAs clusters were also recovered in powder form. The problem of difficult separation of GaAs clusters from arsenic was effectively solved by this method, and the purity of recovered arsenic was greatly improved. No additives are required and no waste liquid or gas emission in the whole process. The complexity of subsequent arsenic purification operations and the threat of arsenic containing waste to the environment were reduced as well., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The efficient release of arsenic in copper smelting flue dust (CSFD) with complicated production conditions and composition under the premise of environmental safety is difficult for the copper smelting industry. The vacuum environment is conducive to the volatilization of low-boiling arsenic compounds, which is beneficial to the physical process and chemical reaction of increasing the volume. In the present study, combined with thermodynamic calculations, the roasting process of pyrite and CSFD mixed in proportion in vacuum was simulated. Additionally, the release process of arsenic and the interaction mechanism of the main phases were performed in detail. The addition of pyrite facilitated the decomposition of stable arsenate in CSFD into volatile arsenic oxides. The results indicated that exceeding 98% of arsenic in CSFD volatilized into the condenser, while the arsenic content in the residue was reduced to 0.32% under optimal conditions. Pyrite could reduce the oxygen potential during the chemical reaction with CSFD, reacting with sulfates in CSFD to convert into sulfides and magnetic iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) simultaneously, and Bi 2 O 3 would be transformed into metallic Bi. These findings are significant for developing arsenic-containing hazardous waste treatment routes and the application of innovative technical approaches., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Arsenic, a hazardous material that is toxic for humans, enters the human body through soil, water, and air. Furthermore, metal smelting is known to produce arsenic-containing hazardous secondary resources (AHSRs), which cause irreversible damage to the total environment. Therefore, a novel, clean, and efficient arsenic fixation technology has been developed in this study for arsenic removal, which involves directional oxidation and vacuum gasification of AHSRs. Oxidation results revealed that physical phases containing arsenic (As, As 2 O 3 , As 2 Te 3 and Cu 3 As) are selectively oxidized to As 2 O 3 completely and thus classified as oxidative modulation products (OMPs). Meanwhile, approximately 98.82% As 2 O 3 of OMPs convert into volatiles in the following gasification. Characterization results showed that As 2 O 3 with 96.72% purity and uniform microscopic distribution was obtained in the form of monoclinic crystalline needle-like crystals. The proposed approach organically combines oxidation and volatilization properties of each element to facilitate clean and efficient separation as well as recovery of As 2 O 3 . No hazardous gas or wastewater is discharged during the entire process, thereby ensuring that arsenic is recycled in a sustainable and clean manner. Overall, this study provides a clean and low-carbon approach for recycling secondary resources containing arsenic., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Bismuth telluride-based alloy materials are currently the best performing thermoelectric materials at near room temperature; however, their production and use generate waste (e.g., cutting waste and failed grains). There is also lack of efficient recycling strategies for the generated waste. In this study, a selective sulfidation-vacuum volatilization method is proposed for recovering bismuth telluride waste. The Gibbs free energies of the sulfidation reaction of bismuth telluride are calculated, the saturated vapor pressure of each substance is analyzed, and the composition of the products is predicted. Based on the differences among the sulfidation and volatile properties of bismuth and tellurium, by adding sulfur to bismuth telluride waste, the composition of the substances was regulated, and efficient separation of tellurium and bismuth was achieved. We combined theoretical calculations and experimental studies to investigate the effect of process conditions on the separation and recovery of tellurium and bismuth. The results show that bismuth was thoroughly sulfereted and tellurium was a pure metal when the mass ratio of sulfur to bismuth telluride was 0.168, the sulfidation temperature was 573 K, and the holding time was 60 min. After sulfidation of the bismuth telluride waste, the sulfides were telluride and bismuthous sulfide. The sulfides, that resulted from sulfureted bismuth telluride production, were treated via vacuum volatilization. The optimal vacuum volatilization condition was 873 K for 120 min. The purities of tellurium and bismuth sulfide obtained by the selective sulfidation-vacuum volatilization experiment were >99%. The distribution ratios of tellurium and bismuth were 98.46% and 99.59%, respectively. The method thoroughly separated tellurium and bismuth from bismuth telluride waste, considerably reducing the environmental and economic costs compared with those of the conventional processes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

With the rapid expansion of the market scale for indium phosphide (InP) semiconductors in high-tech industries such as optoelectronics and solar energy, the generation of hazardous waste InP has also increased dramatically, and the task of recycling waste InP is urgent. However, InP as a representative phosphide semiconductor is prone to produce highly toxic substances such as yellow phosphorus and PH 3 in the recycling process, which discourages most companies from using it. In this study, a safe and efficient method of "vacuum decomposition-directional condensation (VD-DC)" is proposed to recover valuable materials from waste InP. In this method, briquetting pretreatment is used to improve thermal conductivity. At a decomposition temperature of 1123 K, system pressure of 30 Pa, and holding time of 3.5 h, indium with a purity of 99.43 wt% is obtained, and the direct yield reaches 98.54%. Non-toxic and stable red phosphorus with a purity of 98.14 wt% is recovered by converting the condensed yellow phosphorus at 573 K. Vacuum technology significantly reduces the decomposition temperature of InP and avoids the emission of waste water and waste gas, thus operating in an environmentally friendly manner., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Two novel 2D lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs), namely {[Eu 2 (DBTA) 3 (DMF) 2 ]·DMF} n (1) and {[Tb 2 (DBTA) 3 (DMF) 2 ]·DMF} n (2) (H 2 DBTA = 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid), have been successfully synthesized by the solvothermal method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction results proved that the complexes possess the same topological structure of a (4 2 ·6) 2 (4 2 ·8 4 )(4 7 ·6 3 ) 2 -connected net. The recognition of CN - from interfering anions with a low detection limit by "turn-off" luminescence makes them promising candidates for the highly selective and sensitive detection of the cyanide ion. The Ln-MOFs 1 and 2 exhibit excellent chemical sensing properties for CN - with efficiency, selectivity, and excellent performance in various mixed anions. The evaluation parameters, including the quenching constant and detection limit, have been investigated to obtain the detection performance for CN - .

Waste CRT funnel glass (FG) is a typical hazardous waste produced by the electronics industry that contains toxic lead oxide, red mud (RM) is the first waste produced during alumina production. Both of these are extremely difficult to reuse. Here, we report a method to control FG waste, in which RM was used to enhance the removal of Pb from FG via a vacuum thermal process. The removed residual glass was utilized to create glass-ceramics. The results showed that RM can enhance the lead removal from waste CRT funnel glass by the vacuum thermal process. When 30% RM was added, the removal rate reached 98.54%. A significant mechanism of enhancing delead is investigated by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the -Pb-O-Si-O- network structure was broken by the free calcium ions of RM. Afterward, valuable glass-ceramics with tetragonal-KAlSi 2 O 6 and triclinic-CaSiO 3 crystals were synthesized using the residual glass. The Pb, Ba, Cr, and Cu leaching concentrations of the glass-ceramics were well below the regulatory limit (5 mg/L) of the CA-EPA, as measured by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test. Overall, the results indicated that RM enhanced the removal of lead during the vacuum thermal process. The synthesis of value-added glass-ceramics reutilized silicate resources from waste cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass and RM., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A rapid preparation method of TiO 2- x by thermal treatment using H 2 TiO 3 as the precursor was proposed compared with the static hydrogenation thermal treatment process. Its adsorption properties of arsenic under visible light were explored and investigated as well. Various colors of TiO 2- x were prepared and characterized via XRD, TEM, BET, and so on. The results indicate that the method of rapid preparation is feasible. The TiO 2- x exhibits a larger particle size that varied from 10 nm to 2 μm, and deeper color products were obtained as the treatment temperature increased from 600 to 900 °C. Light yellow TiO 2- x was prepared after increasing the temperature from 600 to 900 °C, Ti 4 O 7 and Ti 6 O 11 with a dark color were formed under a H 2 atmosphere at 1500 °C. The arsenic adsorption performances of some samples under visible light were tested, and reveal a high efficiency of TiO 2- x in the photocatalytic oxidation arsenic adsorption under visible light, the conversion ratio of As(III) photocatalytic oxidation fluctuates around 2.85 mgAsg -1 h -1 . In the absence of visible light, the adsorption capacities for As(III) and As(V) are 3.7 and 42.7 mg/g, respectively, at pH = 3. Under visible light condition, the adsorption capacity of As(III) increases sharply to 15.6 mg/g, which provides the foundation for a new application of TiO 2- x in the field of arsenic adsorption.

A metallurgical material integration concept, using porous calcium titanate (CaTiO 3 ) as raw material, was put forward for preparation of metallic titanium powder and porous titanium by calciothermic reduction. Porous metallic titanium was prepared by calcium vapor reduction at 1273 K for 6 h with two types of interconnected pores in titanium samples. The interconnected macropores about 50-300 μm were inherited from porous CaTiO 3 , and the micropores about 5-40 μm were made by leaching removal of byproduct CaO in reduction products. Metallic porous titanium was fabricated in Ca-dissolved CaO-CaCl 2 molten salt mixtures by self-sintering and had a good interconnectivity inside with thickness about 155 μm and the porosities of the porous titanium are 65-81%., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Purpose: The 5' HoxD genes and their paralogs in the HoxD cluster are crucial for normal vertebrate limb development. Mutations in HOXD13 and HOXD13 have been found to cause human limb malformation. Here we describe a two-generation Chinese family with a variant form of mild synpolydactyly., Methods: Sequence analysis of HOXD13 gene in a two-generation Chinese family with six individuals., Results: Gene scan and linkage analysis suggested that HOXD13 might be responsible for the disease of this family. An LOD around 1.8 was observed at three markers (P=2E(-3)). We identified a novel c.893G>A (p.Arg298Gln) mutation in the HOXD13 homeodomain. And the mutation affected the transcriptional activation ability of HOXD13., Conclusion: This finding expands the phenotypic spectrum associated with HOXD13 mutations and advances our understanding of human limb development., (Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V.)