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Cd 2 MgTeO 6 :Dy3+, Na+ phosphors were synthesized via a high-temperature solid-phase reaction. Phase purity, structure, surface morphology, luminescent properties, and thermostability of the samples were analyzed exactly. Under 351 nm excitation, Cd 2 MgTeO 6 :Dy3+, Na+ phosphors possessed three emission peaks: 4F 9/2 -6H J/2 (J = 15, 13, 11). The phosphors mainly emitted yellow light due to the intensity of 4F 9/2 -6H 13/2 being higher than other energy level transitions. The optimal doping concentration of Cd 2 MgTeO 6 : x Dy3+, x Na+ phosphor was x = 10 mol% and the mechanism of concentration quenching was the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction. The phosphors possessed good thermostability and high activation energy (E a = 0.41 eV). The chromaticity coordinate (CIE) coordinates of Cd 2 MgTeO 6 :Dy3+, Na+ were located yellow region and were almost the same at different doping concentration. For Cd 2 MgTeO 6 : 10 mol%Dy3+, 10 mol%Na+ phosphor, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) was 20.55% and the cell viability for the cytotoxicity test was bigger than 88.1%. White-light emitting diode (w-LED) was fabricated with an excellent correlated color temperature (CCT = 5340 K) and a high color rendering index (CRI = 88). Cd 2 MgTeO 6 :10 mol%Dy3+, 10 mol%Na+ phosphor could display the feature of latent fingerprint (LFP) and lip print (LP) excellently. Hence, the phosphor could excellently apply to the three-level features of latent fingerprint and six characteristics of lip print identification. In general, Cd 2 MgTeO 6 :Dy3+, Na+ phosphors have great potential in w-LEDs and personal identification. • Cd 2 MgTeO 6 :Dy3+, Na+ phosphors are firstly synthesized via solid-state reaction and have high phase purity. • The phosphor emits bright yellow light excited by 351 nm. • The phosphor exhibits good thermostability, low toxicity. • Cd 2 MgTeO 6 :Dy3+, Na+ phosphors have potential to be used for w-LED, LFP, and LP detection fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Aptamer functionalized magnetic hydrophobic polymer for alternariol adsorption was proposed. • Arising from the synergistic effect enhanced, adsorption behaviors were achieved. • The adsorbent was superior to the reported methods and successfully applied in alternariol pretreatment in wheat powder. A new adsorbent based on aptamer functionalized magnetic hydrophobic polymer (MHbPA) was developed for specific and efficient adsorption of alternariol (AOH). Through the synergistic effect of aptamer-AOH affinity and hydrophobic interaction of polymer, enhanced adsorption properties had been realized, in which AOH aptamer was the first selected through capture-SELEX with good specificity and affinity, and the targeting polymer was designed based on the hydrophobicity of AOH to increase the interaction. The proposed MHbPA demonstrated a high adsorption capacity of 187.6 ng/mg for AOH. The adsorption behavior was considered as Langmuir adsorption model and pseudo-secondary kinetic adsorption model. Notably, the adsorption of AOH in wheat powder samples could be accomplished within 10 mins with acceptable recoveries. The as designed adsorbent with synergistic effect provides new insights into the development of enhanced pretreatment materials for mycotoxin monitoring in complex food matrices with specific aptamer and targeting polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, with the ongoing development of the express industry, the consumption of waste plastic express bags has been increasing year by year, which has brought considerable pressure on municipal waste management. At the same time, in China, where coal is the main energy resource, the upgrading of low-rank coal is a more reliable and prospective way. An effective method for waste treatment and resource upgrading by synergistic co-liquefaction of waste plastic express bags and low-rank coal in a supercritical water-ethanol system has been developed. The effects of different experimental factors (temperature, residence time, plastic-coal ratio, water-ethanol ratio) on the conversion ratio and synergistic effect of co-liquefaction were investigated. The results showed that elevated temperature, lower water-ethanol ratio as well as suitable residence time, and plastic-coal ratio of 1:1 were conducive to the conversion ratio. Temperature ≥375 °C and suitable plastic-coal ratio (1:1) had a significant positive synergistic effect on the conversion ratio, whereas the other conditions exhibited no or negative synergistic effect on the conversion ratio. The maximum conversion ratio and positive synergistic efficiency were 85.11% and 12.25% at 425 °C, 60 min, water-ethanol ratio of 1:1, and plastic-coal ratio of 1:1, respectively. It was observed after FT-IR and elemental analysis based on the solid residue that the oxygen-containing functional groups in the residue disappeared, the oxygen content decreased, the carbon content increased, and the higher heating value (HHV) increased significantly, and the residue could be further used (such as gasification or pyrolysis) without the need for landfill. The GC-MS results of the oil products suggested that the oil products contained high content of hydrocarbons and phenols, as well as esters, alcohols, and other compounds. The hydrocarbons and phenols mainly derived from the decomposition of long chains in plastics and the decomposition of aromatic structures in coal, and the hydrocarbon and phenolic contents produced at 400 °C were 27.74% and 32.62%, respectively. Thus, the oil product can be used further as a chemical raw material. It cannot be ignored that the ethanol medium after reaction can also be further recycled by rotary evaporation. The synergistic co-liquefaction of waste plastic express bags and low-rank coal based on supercritical water-ethanol system is a promising method for waste treatment and resource upgrading. [Display omitted] • A synergistic co-liquefaction for waste express bags and low-rank coal was developed. • Ethanol can improve the synergistic efficiency of co-liquefaction. • The maximum conversion ratio of co-liquefaction reached 85.11% at 425 °C, 60 min. • Oil products from co-liquefaction contained hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ScNb 2 VO 9 :Eu3+phosphors are firstly synthesized via solid-state reaction. • The phosphor emits bright red light excited by 324 nm. • The phosphors exhibit high stability of temperature, moisture resistance. • The level I-III features of the latent fingerprint created by scnb 2 vo 9 :Eu3+@oleyl amine can be clearly reflected. • The prepared LFPs have good ultraviolet radiation stability. A series of ScNb 2 VO 9 : x Eu3+ (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 20, 30, 40, and 45 mol%) red-emitting phosphors was achieved by the high-temperature solid-state reaction. The ScNb 2 VO 9 :20 mol%Eu3+ phosphor exhibits a red emission around 618 nm (5D 0 →7F 3 transition) under 324 nm excitation. The phosphor presents the wide excitation with charge transfer band (CTB) from O2−-V5+ and O2−-Eu3+ transitions between 225 and 360 nm. The prepared ScNb 2 VO 9 :20 mol%Eu3+ phosphor shows high thermal stability, high moisture resistance stability, and high UV radiation stability. The features of the latent fingerprint (LFP) created by ScNb 2 VO 9 :Eu3+@oleylamine can be clearly reflected on different surfaces based on the powder dusting method. The experiment results demonstrate the superiority of the ScNb 2 VO 9 :Eu3+ phosphor in the field of LFP development. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound-guided costal margin block (CMB) is a superficial and easily applicable technique. The current study aims to investigate its analgesic efficacy in patients undergoing laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy and describe its feasibility. Forty-two patients undergoing laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy were enrolled in this prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomized to receive standard general anesthesia with (block group, n = 21) or without (control group, n = 21) ultrasound-guided bilateral CMB. The primary outcome was 24-h intravenous morphine equivalents after surgery. Secondary outcomes included consumption of titrated morphine, 24–48 h morphine equivalents, consumption of intraoperative remifentanil, numerical pain rating scale scores, time to first opioid dose, patient satisfaction, adverse effects, and recovery events. The postoperative 24-h morphine equivalents in the block group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (14.4 ± 7.4 mg vs. 29.9 ± 9.8 mg, p < 0.001). Both the titrated morphine consumption in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and intraoperative remifentanil consumption were lower in the block group than in the control group. Patients in the block group had relatively lower average pain scores in PACU and reported more satisfaction with pain relief. Adverse effects and hospital length of stay after surgery were comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05). As a novel and easily-performed technique, ultrasound-guided bilateral CMB can reduce opioid consumption in patients undergoing laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of red luminescent Cd 2 MgTeO 6 : x Eu3+ (x = 0.5–50 mol%) phosphors was successfully synthesized through a high-temperature solid-phase reaction at 1000 °C. The synthesized phosphors were investigated for their phase purity, surface morphology, elemental distribution, and luminescence properties. Strong orange-red light emission (617 nm) was observed upon excitation at 398 nm, which was attributed to the electric dipole 5D 0 -7F 2 transition of Eu3+. The optimal doping concentration was found to be x = 20 mol%. Concentration quenching mechanism was identified as the interaction of near-neighbor ions. The chromaticity coordinates of all the Cd 2 MgTeO 6 :Eu3+ samples were found to be located in the red region and were almost the same. The Cd 2 MgTeO 6 : 20 mol%Eu3+ phosphors exhibited an unusual thermal quenching behavior, maintaining 102% of the initial intensity, thus possessing excellent thermostability. Moreover, the manufactured white light diode demonstrated a good color rendering index (R a = 89) with the coordinates of (0.344, 0.330) by the Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE). Additionally, the Cd 2 MgTeO 6 : 20 mol%Eu3+ phosphor was surface-functionalized with oleic acid (OA) (Cd 2 MgTeO 6 : 20 mol%Eu3+@OA) to aid in the identification of Level I-III fingerprint details with high resolution and contrast. Good visualization of the latent fingerprint (LFP) was observed on different substrates. Therefore, Cd 2 MgTeO 6 :Eu3+ phosphors hold great promise for the visualization of w-LEDs and LFPs. • The Cd 2 MgTeO 6 :Eu3+ phosphor has an unusual thermal quenching behavior and excellent thermal stability. • The synthesized phosphors exhibit a high color purity (100%). • The fabricated w-LED exhibits a high color rendering index (R a = 89). • The Cd 2 MgTeO 6 : 20 mol%Eu3+@OA phosphor shows great potential in LFP visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a series of double perovskite red-emitting NaSrLaTeO 6 : x Sm3+ phosphors were successfully synthesized through the traditional high-temperature solid-state method. The NaSrLaTeO 6 lattice has a cubic structure, which possesses the F m-3m (225) space group. Under 406 nm excitation, NaSrLaTeO 6 :Sm3+ phosphors can exhibit four emission peaks at 564, 599, 645, and 711 nm, which are ascribed to the 4G 5/2 →6H J (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, and 11/2) transitions. The asymmetry ratio of NaSrLaTeO 6 :5 mol%Sm3+phosphor is calculated to be 6.11. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of NaSrLaTeO 6 : x Sm3+ (1 mol% ≤ x ≤ 30 mol%) phosphors change slightly with the increase in doping concentrations. The phosphors possess low correlated color temperature (CCT) and high color purity (>99.6%). The prepared NaSrLaTeO 6 :5 mol%Sm3+ phosphor shows the excellent thermal stability with a high quenching temperature (T 0.5 > 500 K) and activation energy (E a = 0.31 eV). Furthermore, the NaSrLaTeO 6 :Sm3+ phosphors have the good resistance to color drifting (chromaticity shift Δ E = 0.011 at 420 K). The w-LED was fabricated with a 402 nm chip through the trichromatic method. It has good CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.325, 0.310), high R a (89), and CCT (5889 K). Consequently, the red-emitting NaSrLaTeO 6 :Sm3+ phosphors would be anticipated to be used in w-LEDs. • The NaSrLaTeO 6 :Sm3+ phosphors have been firstly synthesized via high temperature solid-phase method. • The NaSrLaTeO 6 :Sm3+ phosphors have excellent thermal stability (T 0.5 > 500 K). • The synthesized phosphors exhibit a high color purity (99.6%). • The fabricated w-LED exhibits a high color rendering index (R a = 89). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first study to investigate the reduction mechanism of Tl (III) to Tl(I) in the presence of plants, especially rice. Smaller plant density could effectively reduce the content of organic acids in the hydroponic system to keep the stability of Tl(III). As the plant density was reduced from 40 seedlings to 10 seedlings in 100 mL Tl(III) solution, the content of oxalate was declined to one-third of the original, and the ratio of Tl(III)/total Tl was increased from 39.6% to 81.0% in the first 2 h treatment. Then the differences in antioxidant capacity of rice exposed to the two Tl species were studied. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and superoxide anion (O 2 ˙-) of rice roots exposed to Tl(III) were all higher than those to Tl(I). Meanwhile, the catalase (CAT) activity was significantly depressed and peroxidase (POD) was increased by Tl(III), whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed a rise in both Tl(I) and Tl(III) with no significant difference between them. The expression of metallothionein gene OsMT1a to Tl(I) was upregulated to 255.5 times of Tl(III) though OsMT2c was downregulated to 0.39 times of Tl(III). Overall, the different responses in metallothionein gene expression and antioxidative enzyme activation might result in more ROS accumulation to rice roots by Tl(III) treatment than those by Tl(I). Image 1 • Decreasing plant density slowed the reduction of T1(III) to T1(I) with plants. • Tl(III) significantly increased ROS and MDA contents in rice roots. • Different antioxidant enzyme activities in rice were induced by the two Tl species. • Different expression patterns of MTs in the two Tl species affected ROS scavenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging therapeutic modality to selectively eradicate pathological cells, such as cancer cells. Hence, we designed and synthesized a series of novel ꞵ-carboline/cyanoisoflavone photosensitizers A1-A3. All compounds possessed potent type-I/-II photodynamic properties. Especially, the optimized compound A2 produced large amounts of •O 2 - , •OH, and 1 O 2 under irradiation, and exhibited a higher quantum yield of singlet oxygen (Φ Δ  = 0.92) than others. Furthermore, A2 not only exhibited potent cytotoxicity in HT29 cells, but also demonstrated prominent chemo-photodynamic effects with IC 50 values of 3.9-4.1 μM under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in HT29 cells, while exhibited minimal toxicity to normal cells, suggesting its tumor-selective and hypoxia-tolerant efficacy. Most importantly, A2 significantly promoted mitochondrial damage and ferroptosis, through depleting GSH/GPX-4 levels and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) expression. Finally, in vivo studies showed that A2 achieved a high colonic tumor-inhibitory rate of 84.6 % through chemo-photodynamic therapy. These findings provide a promising framework for the development of novel photosensitizers for chemo-photodynamic therapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We confirm that each author has seen and approved the contents of the submitted manuscript. The authors have declared no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial degenerative disorder entailing cartilage loss and progressive joint failure. m6A RNA methylation could impact multiple disorders, including OA. In this study, m 6 A methylation regulator WTAP was down-regulated in OA cartilage, accompanied by significantly lower m 6 A methylation levels in OA tissues. In the DMM-induced mice OA model and IL-1β- or TNF-α-stimulated chondrocytes, WTAP and m 6 A methylation levels were decreased, but IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokine expressions were elevated. In vivo and in vitro, WTAP overexpression increased m 6 A methylation levels but reduced proinflammatory cytokine contents. Furthermore, WTAP overexpression (OE) increased chondrocyte viability and proliferation, aggrecan and collagen II protein, and decreased cell apoptosis, MMP3, MMP13, and ADAMTS5. WTAP-mediated m 6 A methylation of IL-33 and impaired IL-33 mRNA stability. IL-33 OE caused no changes to WTAP expression; however, IL-33 OE partially attenuated WTAP OE-induced IL-33 downregulation. IL-33 overexpression inhibited chondrocyte viability and proliferation, decreased aggrecan and collagen II but elevated MMP3, MMP13, and ADAMTS5, and increased cell apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokine contents. More importantly, IL-33 eliminated the effects of WTAP OE on chondrocytes. Therefore, WTAP is down-regulated in OA; WTAP improves chondrocyte proliferation and function, thereby ameliorating OA through mediating m 6 A methylation of IL-33 and impairing IL-33 mRNA stability., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an important prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), affecting 69 million individuals worldwide. At present, there is a lack of a community-applicable tool for MCI screening. Exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been used to distinguish MCI from cognitively normal (CN) individuals only in small sample size studies and the efficacy has not been compared with blood biomarkers., Objective: This diagnostic study aimed to assess the feasibility of using exhaled breath VOCs detection by a portable micro-gas chromatography (μGC) device as a screening tool to discriminate MCI from CN individuals in a community population., Methods: A detection model was developed and optimized from five distinct machine learning algorithms based on the differential VOCs between 240 MCI and 241 CN individuals. Among these 481 participants, five plasma biomarkers were measured in 397 individuals (166 MCI and 231 CN)., Results: The final model (481 individuals) incorporating eight differential VOCs showed good performance with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.83-0.85). The AUC of the VOC model (0.80, 95% CI: 0.69-0.90) was higher than that of the plasma model (0.77, 95% CI: 0.65-0.88) (397 individuals)., Conclusions: The detection of exhaled breath VOCs by a portable μGC device is feasible for MCI screening in community populations, potentially facilitating early detection and intervention strategies for individuals at high risk., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Introduction: Codonopsis Radix , a natural plant with edible and medicinal functions, is in high demand and cultivated in different regions. The place of origin affects the quality. However, environmental factors such as soil, climate, and altitude all have an impact on its quality. Therefore, identification of geographical origins of Codonopsis Radix is very important., Methods: This study used High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and Electronic Nose (E-nose) technology to identify the origin information of Codonopsis Radix . HPLC fingerprint can fully reflect characteristics of chemical components in Codonopsis Radix and provide a reliable chemical basis for identification of origins, while E-nose technology captures and analyzes volatile odor of Codonopsis Radix by simulating human olfactory system, which realizes rapid identification of origin information. In order to reveal origin of special aroma of Codonopsis Radix in a deeper way, we further employed Solid Phase Micro-extraction Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique to elucidate the volatile substances of unique aroma., Results: Odor information could replace chemical components to achieve the identification of Codonopsis Radix geographical origins and Hexanal might be a key volatile compound in Codonopsis Radix from different geographical origins., Discussion: This research indicated that Codonopsis Radix from different origins can be identified by odor information, which not only enriched index system for quality evaluation of Codonopsis Radix , but also provided new ideas and methods for origin identification of same type of plants., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Guo, Yang, Wang, Wang, Yu, Zou and Yan.)

Patent foramen ovale (PFO), a cardiac anatomical anomaly inducing abnormal haemodynamics, leads to a paradoxical bypass of the pulmonary circulation. PFO closure might alleviate migraines; however, clinical evidence and basic experiments for the relationship are lacking. To explore the effect of PFO on migraine, 371 migraineurs finishing blood tests and contrast transthoracic echocardiography for the detection of PFO were prospectively included. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that PFO was independently associated with aura, and lower cystatin-C (cys-C) and calcium levels. Among them, patients with PFO who underwent percutaneous PFO closure were continuously followed up 1 year after the operation. The intensity of migraine was significantly relieved and the levels of cys-C and calcium increased after PFO closure. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics of plasma from migraineurs before and after PFO closure revealed that 5-HT and glutathione (GSH) metabolites were differentially expressed after PFO closure. The differential metabolites were then validated in the plasma and brain tissues of PFO mouse models by LC-MS/MS analysis. Desorption electrospray ionization mass imaging demonstrated that these metabolic alterations occurred mainly in the posterior cerebral cortex. Collectively, aura, cys-C and calcium could be biomarkers of migraineurs with PFO. PFO might have an impact on the posterior head associated with the regulation of 5-HT and GSH. PFO closure might relieve migraine by improving 5-HT clearance metabolism and ameliorating redox reactions. Our results may provide evidence for an indication of PFO closure in migraine and support the related potential mechanism. KEY POINTS: Aura, and levels of cystatin-C and calcium are biomarkers of migraineurs with a patent foramen ovale (PFO). The clearance of pulmonary metabolism of 5-HT and deoxygenated blood might be the reason for the improvement of migraine symptoms in patients with PFO. The posterior region of the brain is the main area responsible for PFO-induced migraine., (© 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society.)

Background: Liver transplantation stands as the primary treatment for end-stage liver disease, with demand surging in recent decades because of expanded indications. However, hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury can lead to liver transplant failure in both deceased donor and living donor transplantation. This study explored whether preconditioning donor livers through exercise training (ExT) could mitigate cold ischemic injury posttransplantation., Methods: Donor C57BL/6 mice underwent ExT via treadmill running or remained sedentary. After 4 wk, the donor liver underwent cold storage and subsequent orthotopic liver transplantation or ex vivo warm reperfusion., Results: Donor liver from mice subjected to ExT showed significantly decreased hepatic injury on reperfusion. Tissue histology revealed decreased sinusoidal congestion, vacuolization, and hepatocellular necrosis in livers from ExT mice, and immunofluorescence staining further revealed a decreased number of apoptotic cells in ExT grafts. Livers from ExT donors expressed decreased intragraft inflammatory cytokines cascade, decreased neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular traps, and increased M2 phenotype of recipient macrophages compared with grafts from sedentary mice. After cold storage, liver grafts from ExT donors showed decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and decreased levels of cytochrome c and high mobility group box 1 released in the liver effluent. In addition, ExT grafts showed upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and higher levels of mitochondrial content. Similar effects of decreased hepatic injury were observed in wild-type mice when pretreated with a PGC-1α stimulator ZLN005 instead of ExT., Conclusions: These findings suggest that augmenting hepatocytic mitochondrial content through donor exercise or PGC-1α stimulation may offer therapeutic avenues to mitigate postreperfusion inflammation and improve transplant outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Alternariol (AOH) has attracted much attention as an emerging toxin in edible herbs that can pose potential carcinogenic risks to human. However, the rapid detection of AOH to ensure food safety remains a challenge. Here, a CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated aptamer-based sensor (aptasensor) was proposed for the sensitive quantification of AOH by using a personal glucose meter. First, fluorescent probes were used to validate crRNA sequences that could activate Cas12a trans-cleavage activity. Owing to the high affinity of aptamer, different concentrations of AOH were able to release different levels of Cas12a cleavage activity to cut magnetic bead-modified invertase probes. The free invertase was collected to catalyze hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose. After optimizing a series of key parameters, the constructed aptasensor with dual signal amplification of Cas12a and invertase allowed for highly-sensitive AOH detection in a linear range of 0.45-3000 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.048 ng/mL. In addition, this aptasensor was successfully applied in edible herb samples with satisfactory recovery rates of 92.19-102.40 %. This CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated aptasensing platform provides a simple and powerful alternative for rapid quantitative detection of AOH, which is of great significance for food safety., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Obesity represents a low-grade chronic inflammation status, which is associated with compromised adaptive thermogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the defective activation of thermogenesis in chronic inflammation remain unclear. Here, a chronic inflammatory model is first estabolished by injecting mice with low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) before cold exposure, and then it is verified that LPS treatment can decrease the core body temperature of mice and alter the microbial distribution in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). An adipose tissue-resident bacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis is identified as a potential inhibitor on the activation of brown fat and browning of inguinal WAT, resulting in defective adaptive thermogenesis. Mechanically, LPS and S. paucimobilis inhibit the production and release of 15-HETE by suppressing its main metabolic enzyme 12 lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and 15- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) rescues the impaired thermogenesis. Interestingly, 15-HETE directly binds to AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and elevates the phosphorylation of AMPK, leading to the activation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. Further analysis with human obesity subjects reveals that individuals with high body mass index displayed lower 15-HETE levels. Taken together, this work improves the understanding of how chronic inflammation impairs adaptive thermogenesis and provides novel targets for alleviating obesity., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Metalloimmunotherapy has achieved great preclinical success against malignant tumors. Nonetheless, the limited immune cell infiltration and impaired immunogenicity within the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly hinder its translation to clinical applications. In this study, a zinc coordination lipid nanoparticle is developed loaded with calcium peroxide hydrate (CaO 2 ) nanoparticles and the STING agonist diABZI-2, which is termed A-CaO 2 -Zn-LNP. The release of Zn 2+ from the A-CaO 2 -Zn-LNP and the calcium overload synergistically induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). In addition, CaO 2 nanoparticles can consume H + and release oxygen (O 2 ) under acidic conditions. This treatment increased the pH and alleviated the hypoxia of the TME. Along with cGAS-STING activation by diABZI-2, A-CaO 2 -Zn-LNP ultimately results in enhanced anti-tumor systemic immunity and long-term immune memory via alleviating the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Taken together, A-CaO 2 -Zn-LNP offers a new nanoplatform that expands its application for cancer treatment by metalloimmunotheray., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Several single-center studies have suggested that eliminating isolation for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) control in the context of endemic or nonoutbreak settings, has no impact on infection rates. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of discontinuing isolation., Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science through April 10, 2024 for studies evaluating discontinuation of isolation for VRE. Subgroup analyses assessed sources of heterogeneity., Results: Nine studies were included in the final review. Four reported the incidence of hospital-acquired VRE (HA-VRE) infections and 5 reported the incidence of hospital-acquired VRE bloodstream infections (HA-VRE BSI). No significant difference between the rates of HA-VRE infection before and after stopping isolation was observed (risk ratios, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.26; P = .62), as well as no significant difference on the incidence of HA-VRE BSI (risk ratios, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-1.07, P = .09). Furthermore, we conducted 2 subgroup analyses: one stratified by whether the studies were conducted during Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), and the other stratified by whether clinicians continued to use personal protective equipment. Both analyses revealed no significant differences in the incidence of HA-VRE BSI and termination of isolation between the subgroups., Conclusions: In the context of endemic or nonoutbreak settings, discontinuation of isolation for VRE patients has not been associated with an increased rate of HA-VRE infections., (Copyright © 2024 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR) is a traditional Chinese medicine used for gastrointestinal diseases. With increased demand, there are more and more places of cultivation for AMR. However, the quality of AMR varies from place to place, and there is no good way to distinguish AMR from different origins at present. In this paper, we determined the content of eight chemical components including 60% ethanol extracts, essential oil, polysaccharides, atractylenolides, and atractylone, obtained the color parameters of AMR powder by colorimetry, and odor information was captured by the electronic nose, all of which were combined with machine learning to establish a rapid origin traceability method. The results of the principal component analysis of the chemical components revealed that Zhejiang AMR has a high comprehensive score and overall better quality. The Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated that there are varying degrees of differences in chemical composition and color parameters across the different origin. However, the accuracy of the classification model is low (less than 80%), making it difficult to distinguish between different origins of AMR. The electronic nose demonstrated excellent classification performance in the traceability of AMR from different origins, with accuracy reaching more than 90% (PLS-DA: 96.88%, BPNN: 96.88%, PSO-SVM: 100%). Overall, this study clarified the quality differences of AMR among different origins, and a rapid and precise method combining machine learning was developed to trace the origin of AMR.

Plasmonic nanomaterials such as Au, Ag, and Cu are widely recognized for their strong light-matter interactions, making them promising photothermal materials for solar steam generation. However, their practical use in water evaporation is significantly limited by the trade-off between high costs and poor stability. In this regard, we introduce a novel, nonmetallic dual plasmonic TiN/MoO 3- x composite. This composite features a three-dimensional, urchin-like biomimetic structure, with plasmonic TiN nanoparticles embedded within a network of plasmonic MoO 3- x nanorods. As a solar absorber, the TiN/MoO 3- x composite achieves a high evaporation rate of ∼2.05 kg m -2 h -1 with an energy efficiency up to 106.7% under 1 sun illumination, outperforming the state-of-the-art plasmonic systems. The high photothermal stability and unique dual plasmonic nanostructure of the TiN/MoO 3- x composite are demonstrated by advanced in situ laser-heating transmission electron microscopy and photon-induced near-field electron microscopy/electron energy-loss spectroscopy, respectively. This work provides new inspiration for the design of plasmonic materials.

Background: The incidence of clinically avoidable enteral nutrition interruptions is high. ICU nurses, as the implementers and monitors of enteral nutrition, have a close relationship between their cognitive level of enteral nutrition interruption and the incidence of enteral nutrition interruption. The level of ICU nurses' cognition of enteral nutrition interruption and the key factors influencing the level of ICU nurses' cognition of enteral nutrition interruption are not known., Objectives: This study aims to explore the cognitive level of ICU nurses on enteral nutrition interruption and delve into the key factors that affect their cognitive level from the perspective of management., Design: A sequential explanatory mixed methods research design was used., Methods: With the convenience sampling method, an online survey questionnaire was distributed to ICU nurses in Chongqing, and 336 valid questionnaires were collected. After the survey, ICU managers were invited to participate in qualitative interviews, in which 10 participants from five hospitals completed face-to-face individual semi-structured interviews and were analyzed with thematic analysis., Results: The survey found that ICU nurses had a good level of cognition towards enteral nutrition interruption but poor knowledge about the definition, causes, and consequences of enteral nutrition interruption, as well as negative attitudes toward active learning, assessment, and communication. And the longer work time in the ICU, joining the nutrition team, receiving systematic training, and acquiring relevant knowledge from academic journals more frequently were favorable to improving ICU nurses' knowledge level of enteral nutrition interruption. Personal interviews further identified the key factors affecting their cognitive level, including (1) lack of knowledge, (2) lack of proactive thinking, (3) lack of enteral nutrition management programs, and (4) lack of quality management tools for enteral nutrition interruption., Conclusion: Although ICU nurses demonstrate a relatively high level of cognition, there is still room for improvement. ICU administrators must take specific measures to improve the knowledge of ICU nurses, especially in non-tertiary hospitals, in order to prevent nurse-induced enteral nutrition interruption in all ICUs and improve medical quality., Trial Registration: Not applicable., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Nanoparticles (NPs) can be conjugated with diverse biomolecules and employed in biosensing to detect target analytes in biological samples. This proven concept was primarily used during the COVID-19 pandemic with gold-NP-based lateral flow assays (LFAs). Considering the gold price and its worldwide depletion, here we show that novel plasmonic NPs based on inexpensive metals, titanium nitride (TiN) and copper covered with a gold shell (Cu@Au), perform comparable to or even better than gold nanoparticles. After conjugation, these novel nanoparticles provided high figures of merit for LFA testing, such as high signals and specificity and robust naked-eye signal recognition. Since the main cost of Au NPs in commercial testing kits is the colloidal synthesis, our development with the Cu@Au and the laser-ablation-fabricated TiN NPs is exciting, offering potentially inexpensive plasmonic nanomaterials for various bioapplications. Moreover, our machine learning study showed that biodetection with TiN is more accurate than that with Au.

Nanoparticles (NPs) can be conjugated with diverse biomolecules and employed in biosensing to detect target analytes in biological samples. This proven concept was primarily used during the COVID-19 pandemic with gold NPs-based lateral flow assays (LFAs). Considering the gold price and its worldwide depletion, here we show that novel plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) based on inexpensive metals, titanium nitride (TiN) and copper covered with a gold shell (Cu@Au), perform comparable or even better than gold nanoparticles. After conjugation, these novel nanoparticles provided high figures of merit for LFA testing, such as high signals and specificity and robust naked-eye signal recognition. To the best of our knowledge, our study represents the 1st application of laser-ablation-fabricated nanoparticles (TiN) in the LFA and dot-blot biotesting. Since the main cost of the Au NPs in commercial testing kits is in the colloidal synthesis, our development with TiN is very exciting, offering potentially very inexpensive plasmonic nanomaterials for various bio-testing applications. Moreover, our machine learning study showed that the bio-detection with TiN is more accurate than that with Au.

Introduction: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants has presented a significant challenge to global health, as these variants show resistance to most antibodies developed early in the pandemic. Therapeutic antibodies with potent efficacy to the Omicron variants are urgently demanded., Methods: Utilizing the rapid antibody discovery platform, Berkeley Lights Beacon, we isolated two monoclonal neutralizing antibodies, 2173-A6 and 3462-A4. These antibodies were isolated from individuals who recently recovered from Omicron infections., Results: Both antibodies, 2173-A6 and 3462-A4, demonstrated high affinity for the RBD and effectively neutralized pseudoviruses from various Omicron lineages, including BA.4/5, XBB.1.16, XBB.1.5, and EG.5.1. This neutralization was achieved through binding to identical or overlapping epitopes., Discussion: The use of the Beacon platform enabled the rapid isolation and identification of effective neutralizing antibodies within less than 10 days. This process significantly accelerates the development of novel therapeutic antibodies, potentially reducing the time required to respond to unknown infectious diseases in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yu, Ran, Yang, Zhu, Lu, Wu, Zhao and Xiong.)

Mycotoxin contamination is widespread in plants and herbs, posing serious threats to the consumer and human health. Of them, alternariol (AOH) has attracted great attention as an "emerging" mycotoxin in medicinal herbs. However, a specific and high-throughput extraction method for AOH is currently lacking. Thus, developing an efficient pre-treatment technique for AOH detection is extremely vital. Here, a novel automated magnetic solid-phase extraction method was proposed for the highly efficient extraction of AOH. Combining the aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (AMNPs) and the automatic purification instrument, AOH could be extracted in medicinal herbs in high throughput (20 samples) and a short time (30 min). The main parameters affecting extraction were optimized, and the method was finally carried out by incubation AMNPs with 3 mL of sample solution for 10 min, and then desorption in 75% methanol for liquid-phase detection. Under optimal conditions, good reproducibility, stability, and selectivity were realized with an adsorption capacity of 550.84 ng/mg. AOH extraction in three edible herbs showed good resistance to matrix interference with recovery rates from 86% to 111%. In combination with AMNPs and the automatic purification instrument, high-throughput and labor-free extraction of AOH in different complex matrices was achieved, which could be extended in other complex matrices., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Objective: The relationship between gout and osteoporosis is poorly clarified, and the association between gout and fractures incidence remains controversial. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the available literature to elucidate whether gout is associated with an increased risk of both osteoporosis and fractures., Materials and Methods: We conducted an exhaustive search of pertinent literature published until 20 March 2023, in well-recognized databases, namely Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library, focusing on examining the association between gout and the risk of osteoporosis or fracture. Meta-analysis was performed to aggregate the relative risks (RR) using random- or fixed-effects models. Sensitivity analyses were conducted iteratively, whereby each study was removed sequentially to gauge its impact on the overall outcome. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's and Begg's tests. This study was registered with PROSPERO (registry number: CRD42022376822)., Results: Herein, we included 10 observational studies comprising a total of 1,606,095 participants. An independent population sample of four studies validated the significant association between gout and osteoporosis (RR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.48), with the results demonstrating robustness. However, our analysis did not detect any association between gout and fracture risk when compared with the control group (RR = 1.09, 95%CI 0.99-1.19), along with high heterogeneity (p for heterogeneity = 0.000; I 2  = 79.7%). Further subgroup analysis revealed that gout is positively associated with fracture risk in the Chinese population (RR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.14-1.21), with no evidence of heterogeneity (p for heterogeneity = 0.420; I 2  = 0.00%)., Conclusion: Our meticulous evaluation of the available literature indicates that gout has no discernible impact on fracture incidence, although it is positively associated with an enhanced risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize preventive measures to prevent osteoporotic complications in individuals diagnosed with gout., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Background: Continuous insulin infusion is a method for maintaining blood glucose stability in critically ill patients with hyperglycemia. Many insulin infusion protocols have been applied in intensive care units. Understanding the content of these protocols can help clinical staff choose the most appropriate and convenient protocol and promote best practices in managing glucose levels in critically ill adult patients., Objective: To examine the types of insulin infusion therapies performed for blood glucose management in critically ill patients., Methods: For this scoping review, 3 Chinese-language and 8 English-language databases were searched for articles published from May 25, 2016, to October 25, 2022., Results: Twenty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-one insulin infusion protocols were examined. Most of the insulin infusion protocols were paper protocols. Fourteen glucose management indicators were included in the 21 protocols. The glucose target range for all 21 protocols ranged from 70 to 180 mg/dL (3.9-10.0 mmol/L). Nurses were primarily responsible for protocol implementation in most protocol development processes. The roles of nurses differed in nurse-led insulin infusion protocols and non-nurse-led insulin infusion protocols., Discussion: This scoping review indicates an urgent need for more comprehensive glycemic control guidelines for patients receiving critical care. Because insulin infusion protocols are core aspects of blood glucose management guidelines, different population subgroups should also be considered., Conclusions: Nurse-led guidelines must be based on the best available evidence and should include other variables related to glucose management (eg, patient disease type, medication, and nutrition) in addition to insulin infusion., (©2024 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.)

Objective: Pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) depends on multiple factors. Identifying risk factors for CRC may facilitate the early prevention of the disease. We aimed to assess whether existing evidence suggests that serum uric acid (SUA) levels and gout are associated with CRC incidence., Methods: The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022371591). Searches of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were conducted from the establishment to November 11, 2022. Pooled relative risk (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) was derived to evaluate the effect of SUA or gout on CRC incidence. Non-linear trend analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between SUA level and CRC incidence., Results: Twelve eligible studies with 22 reports were included. A meta-analysis of the included studies showed that when the highest and lowest SUA level categories were compared, an association between SUA level and CRC incidence was revealed (RR, 1.35; 95 % CI: 1.27-1.43; P < 0.001). Non-linear relationship between SUA level and CRC incidence was found. Further meta-analysis indicated that gout was associated with CRC incidence (RR, 1.22; 95 % CI: 1.08-1.36; P = 0.001)., Conclusions: Both SUA level and gout were associated with an increased risk of CRC. Maintaining low SUA levels may be beneficial in reducing the incidence of CRC. Further studies evaluating the precise mechanisms underlying this association are needed to establish whether SUA/gout causes CRC., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no potential conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2023 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Efficient and sensitive detection of targets is one of the motivations for constant development and innovation of various biosensors. CRISPR-Cas12a, a new generation of gene editing tools, has shown excellent application potential in biosensor design and construction. By combining with the specific recognition element-aptamer, a single-stranded oligonucleotide obtained by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) in vitro screening, CRISPR-Cas12a also shows superior performance non-nucleic acid targets detection, such as small molecules, proteins, virus and pathogenic bacteria. However, aptamer and CRISPR-Cas12a (CRISPR-Cas12a/Apt) still face some problems in non-nucleic acid target detection, such as single signal response mode and narrow linear range. The development of diverse CRISPR-Cas12a/Apt biosensors is necessary to meet the needs of various detection environments. In this review, the working principle of CRISPR-Cas12a/Apt was introduced and recent progress in CRISPR-Cas12a/Apt in the application of non-nucleic acid target detection was summarized. Moreover, the requirements of critical parameters such as crRNA sequence, activator sequence, and reaction system in the design of CRISPR-Cas12a/Apt biosensors were discussed, which could provide the reference for the design of efficient and sensitive novel non-nucleic acid target biosensors. In addition, the challenges and prospects of CRISPR-Cas12a/Apt-based biosensor were further presented.

Chondrocyte survival is critical for the preservation of a healthy cartilage matrix. Limited chondrocyte function and survival can result in articular cartilage failure, thereby contributing to osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, miR-5581 was significantly up-regulated in OA samples, and miR-5581-associated genes were enriched in Kras signaling. miR-5581 up-regulation was observed in clinical OA samples and IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. miR-5581 inhibition attenuated IL-1β-induced chondrocyte proliferation suppression, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis suppression and degradation, and IL-1β-suppressed Kras signaling activation. miR-5581 was targeted to inhibit NRF1. In IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, NRF1 overexpression attenuated IL-1β-induced cellular damage and partially abolished the effects of miR-5581 overexpression on IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. NRF1 was down-regulated in knee joint cartilage of OA mice. In conclusion, miR-5581, which was up-regulated in OA samples and IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes, inhibited chondrocyte proliferation and ECM synthesis, and promoted ECM degradation through targeting NRF1, whereby Kras signaling might be involved., (Copyright © 2023 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Fifty-four obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were selected for this study were randomly divided into an exercise group (16 men and 11 women, mean age 21.3 ± 1.0) and control group (16 men and 11 women, mean age 21.8 ± 0.8). The exercise group underwent a 12-week FATmax exercise intervention, while the control group did not engage in any type of systematic physical activity. The controlled diet was given to both groups. After the test, the microvascular reactivity of the exercise group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). After the experiment, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of catalase (CAT) and the activity of exercise group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05); and in contrast the activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were significantly higher than those of the control group (p< 0.05). The change in microcirculation function caused by 12-week FATmax intensity exercise may have an interaction mechanism with oxidative stress and antioxidant system function, and may improve the microvascular reactivity of obese NAFLD patients. In addition, also may improve of oxidative stress and antioxidant system functions.

Heavy metal contamination in soils seriously threatens human health and aggravates the global pollution burden. In this study, we investigated the risk of heavy metal contamination in soils at a Zn-Pb mineral processing plant in Longnan, China, and the effects of different heavy metal contamination levels on diverse microbial communities. Statistical analysis showed that, except for Ni, the average content of all detected metals (Zn, Pb, As, Cu, Cd, Hg) in the soil was higher than the background value of soil in the study area, which was most seriously contaminated with Pb and As. Comparison of functional divisions showed that heavy metal soil contamination was most serious in the raw material stacking area and the production area. Interpolation analysis showed that areas closer to the wastewater discharge area had higher contents of each heavy metal and were more seriously polluted. From the point of pollution index, the risk of heavy metal soil pollution in the study area was very high (RI = 2845.24, i.e., > 600), with Cd and Hg being the most serious pollutants compared with other heavy metals. Microbial community abundance, diversity, and structure differed at different levels of heavy metal contamination. The community diversity of bacteria decreased with increasing heavy metal concentrations, while no significant change in fungi was observed. Evidence from variation redundancy analysis (RDA) and the Spearman correlation analysis showed that the leading factors affecting microbial community composition were Cu, Cd, Hg, and pH. Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes at the uncontaminated level (CL) were significantly and negatively correlated with the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi at the severely contaminated level (SL) were significantly correlated with pH and Hg. However, heavy metal contamination had less effect on most of the dominant fungi. In conclusion, microbial communities such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Ascomycota showed greater tolerance to heavy metals. These results could be used as important references for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic element with two species, Tl(I) and Tl(III). We discovered the Tl uptake in rice exposed to Tl(III) hydroponic treatment was significantly lower than that to Tl(I) treatment, but the content of oxalic acid secreted from roots in Tl(III) treatment was higher than that in Tl(I). The physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the difference between the two Tl species were studied using a hydroponic system. The results showed the reduction of oxalic acid content had no effect on the amount of Tl on the root surface, indicating oxalic acid might not immobilize Tl to affect the Tl uptake. Therefore, the secretion of oxalic acid from roots may not be a strategy for detoxifying Tl in rice. Notably, Tl(III) increased the expression of Oryza sativa H + -ATPase genes OsAs and the activity of H + -ATPase, and decreased potassium transport gene expression of OsKAT1.1 and OsHKT2;4, which indicated that the difference in Tl uptake of rice between the two Tl species mainly cause by the potassium transport system rather than oxalic acid., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Although studies have confirmed the safety and feasibility of early active mobilization, its implementation status is still unsatisfactory. The most important obstacle is ensuring patient safety. Comprehensively assessing the physical condition of patients considered for mobilization is the basis of safety. However, appropriate guidance is lacking. We performed a systematic review to extract and summarize current safety assessment criteria for the early active mobilization of mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU., Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using English and Chinese databases according to the PRISMA checklist and guidelines to identify relevant original studies that evaluated safety assessment variables and specific parameters., Results: A total of 24 medium- and high-quality articles involving a total of 4,842 subjects were included in the analysis. Among these studies, there were 15 randomized controlled trials involving 1,777 subjects (888 in the control groups, 889 in the interventional groups) and 9 cohort studies involving 3,065 subjects (1,240 in the control groups, 1,825 in the exposure groups). There were 5 safety assessment criteria, including cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal, and other. Within these were 17 different variables and 48 specific parameters., Conclusions: The safety assessment criteria should focus on cardiac reserve, respiratory reserve, consciousness, and muscle strength. It is especially important to note whether the parameters are stable because parameter stability can be more representative of a patient's condition than absolute values. We provide a flow diagram for clinical safety assessments; however, some limitations exist, and this assessment requires further validation and optimization., Competing Interests: The authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 by Daedalus Enterprises.)

Purpose: Ovarian cancer is responsible for a significant number of deaths in women and there is urgent need to develop efficient treatment strategies for this disease. Studies have shown microRNAs (miRs) are involved in diverse cellular processes and exhibit therapeutic implications. Herein, the role of miR-375 in ovarian cancer was explored., Methods: OVACAR-3 cell line was mainly used in this research. Expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. Transwell assay was used for cell migration and invasion. Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein expression., Results: Gene expression analysis carried out by qRT-PCR of ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues revealed significant downregulation of miR-375. Ectopic expression of miR-375 halted the growth of the OVACAR-3 cells by triggering G2/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, miR-375 also caused a significant decrease in the migratory and invasive potential of the OAVACAR-3 cells and enhanced their chemosensitivity to cisplatin. Bioinformatic analysis and the dual luciferase showed that miR-375 targets PAX2 in OVACAR-3 cells. Suppression of PAX2 inhibits the growth of the OVACAR-3 cells while PAX2 overexpression could avoid the growth inhibitory effects of miR-375 in OVACAR-3 cells., Conclusion: miR-375 may prove to be an important therapeutic target in ovarian cancer and warrants further research endeavors.

Purpose: The standard treatment for mid or low locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgical resection. Laparoscopic surgery has recently been applied for the treatment of rectal cancer. However, few studies have reported the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for elderly patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. This study aimed to investigate the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for elderly patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy., Methods: Patients received a total dose of 50.4 Gy over 5.5 weeks (45 Gy in 25 fractions to the pelvid and 5.4 Gy boost in 3 fractions to the primary tumor). Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy was performed at our hospital on 89 elderly patients aged 75 years or older (the elderly group) from January 2008 to January 2016. Outcomes of the 89 patients were compared to those of 269 patients younger than 75 years enrolled during the same time period (the nonelderly group)., Results: Compared with the nonelderly group, the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores were higher in the elderly group. For short-term outcomes, there were no statistically significant differences. Differences between the two groups in the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate were not statistically significant., Conclusion: Although the CCI was higher in elderly patients than in the nonelderly patients, laparoscopic surgery after neoadjuvant therapy was safe and effective in elderly patients with rectal cancer. Therefore, in the absence of any contraindications, laparoscopic surgery after neoadjuvant therapy is an appropriate treatment approach for elderly patients with rectal cancer.

Infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii ( A. baumannii ) have emerged as a global public health concern because of high pathogenicity of this bacterium. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have a lower likelihood of promoting drug resistance and offer targeted treatment, thereby reducing potential adverse effects; however, the therapeutic potential of mAbs targeting A. baumanni i has not been fully characterized. In this study, mAbs against the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of A. baumannii were isolated in a high-throughput manner. The ability of Omp38-specific mAbs to bind to A. baumannii strains from diverse sources was confirmed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intravenous administration of the Omp38-specific mAbs significantly improved the survival rate and reduced the bacterial load in a mouse model of lethal A. baumannii infection. Flow cytometry and ELISA confirmed that immune cell infiltration and cytokine production, respectively, decreased in a mouse model of sublethal A. baumannii infection. In addition, analysis of the Omp38-mAb C3 binding conformation revealed the potential mechanism of broad-spectrum binding activity of this mAb against A. baumannii . Taken together, these findings indicate that mAbs against Omp38 facilitate bacterial clearance from host, minimize inflammatory mediator release and reduce host damage, highlighting the potential of Omp38-specific mAbs in the clinical treatment of A. baumannii infection.

IL33/ST2 axis activates airway eosinophils that exacerbate airway inflammation. The data was obtained from PubMed, EMBASE, Clinical trial, Cochrane Library, Web of science, CNKI and Wanfang database with time restrictions of 1 Jan, 2000 to 15 Feb, 2016. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.2 software. After searching, total 15 documents were included into this meta-analysis, involving in 633 asthma patients and 379 healthy people. The meta-analysis results revealed that the serum IL33 or ST2 level was higher in asthma patients compared to that in healthy people. (P=0.02, 95% CI (7.57, 72.74); P<0.0001, 95% CI (31.27, 91.32)). Compared to healthy people, severe, moderate or mild asthma patients had much higher serum IL33 level. (P<0.00001, 95% CI (87.86, 188.09); P<0.00001, 95% CI (31.93, 72.29); P<0.00001, 95% CI (100.51, 153.08), respectively). The serum ST2 level in different asthma progress included severe or moderate was higher, (P<0.00001, 95% CI (50.76, 76.93); P<0.00001, 95% CI (1.02, 1.79), respectively) but nor mild. (P=0.30, 95% CI (-22.37, 72.61)). The meta-analysis result shown the sputum IL33 was not higher in moderate asthma patients than that in healthy people. (P=0.20, 95% CI (-1.99, 9.52)) The meta-analysis results shown that there were significantly difference between and among two asthma progress, (P<0.00001, 95% CI (14.02, 19.09), severe vs moderate; P<0.00001, 95% CI (0.52, 1.24), moderate vs mild) However, there was no significant differences between severe group and mild group. (P=0.08, 95% CI (-20.95, 336.50)). Serum IL33 and ST2 level is relevant to asthma disease. With asthma disease progress, IL33 and ST2 are increased significantly.

Objective: To evaluate the intrauterine state of fetuses with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) through quantitative measurement of placenta by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography, and to judge the value of three-dimensional power Doppler in PIH fetuses., Methods: A total of 50 pregnant women with PIH in our hospital from November 2012 to August 2014 were enrolled into the observation group, while 50 cases were randomly selected into the control group to match the former group's gestational week (GA). The placental vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were quantitatively measured by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography in the two groups. SPSS 19 statistics software was used to do the linear regression for the above parameters.And those parameters of the two groups were compared by t test. P<0.05 was deemed significant., Results: The detection ratio of fetal placental VI, FI and VFI of the whole 100 cases was 100%. The regression equation of VI and GA was: Y=0.394X-5.358, R² = 0.694, P<0.05; the regression equation of FI and GA was: Y=0.801X+5.61, R² = 0.807, P<0.05; the regression equation of VFI and GA was: Y=0.225X-4.148, R² = 0.691, P<0.05. t tests showed the differences of the means of placental VI, FI and VFI between the observation group and the control group were statistically significant (all P<0.05)., Conclusions: VI, FI and VFI of placenta measured by three-dimensional power Doppler examination increase with the increase of GA, and the means of placental VI, FI and VFI in PIH patients are less than those in normal cases. Quantitative measurement of placenta with three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound has its own advantages, and can evaluate the status of placenta of PIH fetus accurately.

Objective: To establish the research model of ovarian carcinoma in nude mice, and to explore the effect of Paris Phyllin VII combined with silica nano complex on the inhibition and the antioxidant ability of ovarian carcinoma in nude mice., Method: Nude mice models with ovarian carcinoma were established by axillary subcutaneous inoculation of human SKOV3/DDP resistant ovarian cancer cell 200 µl and were used in the experiment. Treating the nude mice with Paris Phyllin VII combined with silica nano complex by gavage for 15 days to observe the weight change of the nude mice, tumor inhibition effect and changes of serum antioxidant capacity., Results: Compared with the negative control group, tumor inhibition rate increased significantly in Paris Phyllin VII combined with silica nano complex treatment group, and was higher than that in both Paris Phyllin VII treatment only and silica nano composites treatment only group. The serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level of Paris Phyllin VII combined with silica nano complex treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group, Paris Phyllin VII treatment only and silica nano composites treatment only group. The serum malonaldehyde (MDA) level of Paris Phyllin VII combined with silica nano complex treatment group was significantly lower than that of the negative control group., Conclusion: Paris Phyllin VII combined with silica nano complex treatment can inhibit the ovarian carcinoma in nude mice, which may mediate by the enhancement of antioxidant capability in nude mice with ovarian cancer.

Objective: To explore the drug resistance of Chonglou saponin VII plus silica nano complex for ovarian cancer., Methods: The method of thiazolyl blue tetrazolium blue (MTT) was employed for determining the proliferation inhibition rate of Chonglou saponin VII plus silica nano composite for SKOV3/DDP drug-resistant human ovarian cancer cell. Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining were used for detecting apoptosis rate and cell cycle phase distribution. And the changes of apoptosis-related protein were examined by immunoblot assay., Results: There were obvious inhibitory effects of Chonglou saponin VII on cell proliferation. The inhibition rate increased with rising drug concentration with an obvious dose-effect relationship (P < 0.05). At the same time, the cell proliferation inhibition rate significantly improved at 48 h versus 24 h (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining showed that, after a 24 h treatment of SKOV3/DDP cells with 50 and 100 µmol/L Chonglou saponin VII, early apoptotic cell ratio significantly increased compared with control group., Conclusion: The composite of Paris polyphylla saponin VII and silica nano has obvious proliferation inhibitory effects on SKOV3/DDP cells. And there is a significant concentration dependence and it also has some correlation with time. The above composite can increased the proportion of early apoptotic cell ratio.

Objective: To establish the reference values of thalamus, caudate nucleus and lenticular nucleus diameters through fetal thalamic transverse section., Methods: A total of 265 fetuses at our hospital were randomly selected from November 2012 to August 2014. And the transverse and length diameters of thalamus, caudate nucleus and lenticular nucleus were measured. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to calculate the regression curve of fetal diameter changes and gestational weeks of pregnancy. P < 0.05 was considered as having statistical significance., Results: The linear regression equation of fetal thalamic length diameter and gestational week was: Y = 0.051X+0.201, R = 0.876, linear regression equation of thalamic transverse diameter and fetal gestational week was: Y = 0.031X+0.229, R = 0.817, linear regression equation of fetal head of caudate nucleus length diameter and gestational age was: Y = 0.033X+0.101, R = 0.722, linear regression equation of fetal head of caudate nucleus transverse diameter and gestational week was: R = 0.025 - 0.046, R = 0.711, linear regression equation of fetal lentiform nucleus length diameter and gestational week was: Y = 0.046+0.229, R = 0.765, linear regression equation of fetal lentiform nucleus diameter and gestational week was: Y = 0.025 - 0.05, R = 0.772., Conclusions: Ultrasonic measurement of diameter of fetal thalamus caudate nucleus, and lenticular nucleus through thalamic transverse section is simple and convenient. And measurements increase with fetal gestational weeks and there is linear regression relationship between them.

Objective: To explore the value of prenatal ultrasound in assessing thyroid function in fetuses of hyperthyroidism pregnant women and establish the reference values of fetal thyroid transverse diameter and anteroposterior diameter for different gestational weeks., Methods: For observation group, 30 cases of pregnant women diagnosed as hyperthyroidism were recruited from our hospital from November 2012 to November 2013. And another 100 cases of pregnant women during 20 to 40 weeks of gestational weeks were selected into control group. The measured ultrasonic parameters included fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, amniotic fluid index, heart rate, fetal thyroid transverse diameter, anteroposterior diameter and fetal movement frequency. A fetus was considered as suspected positive when they were less than gestational age, thyroid measurement higher than 95% confidence interval, heart rate over 160 beats/min or less than 120 beats/min. In the observation group, the blood levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine were measured after birth., Results: The regression equation of fetal thymus transverse diameter and GA was: Y = 0.053X - 0.096, R² = 0.758, P < 0.05; the regression equation of fetal thymus anteroposterior diameter and GA: Y = 0.034X - 0.397, R² = 0.596, P < 0.05. The measured value of 95% confidence interval for 2 cases in observation group exceeded that in control group. There were fetal tachycardia (n = 2), bradycardia (n = 1), low TSH after birth (n = 2), T4 elevation after birth (n = 1) and clinical T4 high value (n = 1)., Conclusion: Ultrasonic assessment of fetal thyroid function is timely and noninvasive. And it has an irreplaceable value in hyperthyroidism pregnant women. And normal reference values of fetal thyroid measurements are established for 20-40 gestation weeks.

Objective: To measure the ultrasonic parameters of transverse diameter, anteroposterior diameter and volume of fetal thymus through two and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) probes, establish normal reference range of fetal thymus development and assess the correlation between fetal intrauterine growth restriction and fetal thymus development., Methods: A total of 53 patients with suspected fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) at our hospital from December 2012 to May 2014 were selected into the observation group while another 53 cases as the control group corresponding to the former group's gestational week (GA). The transverse and anteroposterior diameters were measured in the three vessel view by 2D-ultrasound and the volume of fetal thymus was measured through 3D ultrasound. The control parameters were analyzed by linear regression analysis. And two groups of parameters were tested by rank sum test. P < 0.05 was deemed significant., Results: The regression equation of fetal thymus transverse diameter and GA was: Y = 0.14X-1.174, R² = 0.766, P < 0.05; the regression equation of fetal thymus anteroposterior diameter and GA was: Y = 0.49X-0.166, R² = 0.792, P < 0.05; the regression equation of fetal thymus volume and GA was: Y = 0.652X-10.611, R² = 0.791, P < 0.05. Two groups underwent rank sum test of fetal thymus transverse diameter, anteroposterior diameter and volume (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Fetal thymus transverse diameter, anteroposterior diameter and volume increase with gestational weeks. In IUGR, fetal thymus transverse diameter, anteroposterior diameter and volume are less than those of the same GA fetal thymus.

F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) has of late gained prominence in the investigation of cervical cancer since it gives a better clarity on imaging modalities for the status of the lymph node and distant metastasis. The current review is an appraisal of the recent updates on the role of FDG-PET/CT in the screening of cervical cancer as evidenced by publications till date. 985 studies were obtained in the initial search on cervical cancer and publications selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the final selection, 14 were selected and coded as the most appropriate for the present review. Valuable studies on (FDG) PET/CT have been identified. These studies point to the fact that recent advanced protocols like PET/CT supported by therapeutic innovations ensure better cancer care and survival chances in cervical cancer patients.