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Controllable design of the nanocrystal-assembled plasmonic/magnetic nanoarchitectures (P/MNAs) inspires abundant methodologies to enhance light-matter interactions and control magnetic-induced effects by means of fine-tuning the morphology and ordered packing of noble metallic or magnetic building blocks. The burgeoning development of multifunctional nanoarchitectures has opened up broad range of interdisciplinary applications including biosensing, in vitro diagnostic devices, point-of-care (POC) platforms, and soft bioelectronics. By taking advantage of their customizability and efficient conjugation with capping biomolecules, various nanoarchitectures have been integrated into high-performance biosensors with remarkable sensitivity and versatility, enabling key features that combined multiplexed detection, ease-of-use and miniaturization. In this review, we provide an overview of the representative developments of nanoarchitectures that being built by plasmonic and magnetic nanoparticles over recent decades. The design principles and key mechanisms for signal amplification and quantitative sensitivity have been explored. We highlight the structure-function programmability and prospects of addressing the main limitations for conventional biosensing strategies in terms of accurate selectivity, sensitivity, throughput, and optoelectronic integration. State-of-the-art strategies to achieve affordable and field-deployable POC devices for early multiplexed detection of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 has been covered in this review. Finally, we discuss the urgent yet challenging issues in nanoarchitectures design and related biosensing application, such as large-scale fabrication and integration with portable devices, and provide perspectives and suggestions on developing smart biosensors that connecting the materials science and biomedical engineering for personal health monitoring. • Overview of the representative developments and controllable design methodologies of plasmonic/magnetic nanoarchitectures. • Discussion on the structure-function programmability and prospects of addressing the main limitations for conventional biosensing strategies. • Highlight state-of-the-art strategies to achieve affordable and field-deployable biosensing and bioelectronics for point-of-care applications. • Prospects of the features and challenges in building multifunctional nanoarchitectures, and envision the next-generation biosensors and soft electronics for personal health monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factors driving community recovery trajectories after disaster are not well understood. We assess why some communities show stronger recoveries from disaster than others, examining the role of four policy toolkits that U.S. county governments frequently adopt to recover from disaster. Using mixed methods, we examine the cases of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita with a novel dataset of recovery policies adopted within each Louisiana parish following the disasters. We typologize recovery strategies and analyze policy adoption patterns after crises. To compare which policy toolkit leads to the best recovery outcomes, we use synthetic control experiments on the 20 parishes hit by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita between August and September 2005, tracking net income inflow and net in-migration measures from 1997 to 2018 over 1408 parish-year observations, paired with qualitative case studies of parish policies and recovery outcomes. On average, soft and local recovery policies focused on community policies and feedback helped parishes stem the flow of finances away from the disaster-zone, as did infrastructural 'hard' policies, to a degree. in comparison, state policies focused on top-down planning experienced weaker recovery. Evidence shows that soft and local policy toolkits can accelerate recovery and that governments seeking to rebuild infrastructure should invest in locally-engaged community development in order to attain better overall recovery. • We test policy toolkits' effects on recovery rates after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. • We track human and economic recovery in 20 Louisiana parishes, 2005–2018. • Synthetic control experiments project counterfactual recovery for parishes. • Locally-engaged, community development policies are linked to better recovery. • Top-down, state-led recovery policies are not significantly linked to recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible pressure sensors have been widely studied due to the increasing interest in wearable devices, intelligent skin, and hyperthermia equipment. However, it is still challenging to apply the sensors to practical wearable applications, because their sensing performance is subject to change and degraded when the sensor is stretched. Herein, we report a stretching-insensitive capacitive pressure sensor (SICPS) with high sensitivity. This is obtained by developing a highly stretchable electrode composed of copper nanowires (Cu NWs) networks and wrinkled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastic film. The prepared sensors show a pressure sensitivity of 0.162 kPa−1 in a pressure range up to 6 kPa. The SICPS can maintain a good performance in the stretched state (below 200% of strain). More importantly, the SICPS achieves an excellent insensitivity to the stretching within a strain of 80%, the change of sensitive factor is below 0.8%. These enable the demonstration of stretchable and resilient on-skin strain sensors capable of monitoring the motions of the human. [Display omitted] • Stretching-insensitive capacitive pressure sensor is prepared successfully. • The change of sensitivity is below 0.8% even stretched up to a strain of 80%. • The sensor still works steadily in the stretched state (below stain of 200%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lacustrine organic-rich laminated dolomites are widespread in the Permian Lucaogou Formation (P 2 l) of the Santanghu Basin. However, the origin of the dolomites remains controversial due to the influence of volcanism and complex sedimentary environment. Therefore, a composite analysis of mineralogical and geochemical is utilized to study the origin and hydrocarbon generation potential of the P 2 l dolomite. The results showed that the P 2 l dolomite was the product of penecontemporaneous dolomitization, burial dolomitization, and local hydrothermal dolomitization. The evidence was as follows: (1) Under microscopy, a large number of dolomites had obvious trigonal rhomboid and zonal structure, indicating the existence of metasomatism. Besides, the P 2 l was characterized by an arid climate, suboxic-anoxic condition, and high salinity of the lake, with some evaporite minerals and low-order degree of the dolomite (0.4–0.6), which suggested that the dolomite was formed by penecontemporaneous rapid crystallization; (2) Part of the dolomites were characterized by a high content of Fe2+ and Mn2+, a moderately positive excursion of δ13C V-PDB values (2–12‰, avg. 7.4‰), a negative excursion of δ18O V-PDB values (−20 to −2.3‰, avg. −10.6‰), a high-order degree (0.7–0.8), a positive anomaly of Eu, and a certain enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs), indicating that it was caused by burial dolomitization; (3) Most of the dolomites were ankerite, and the speckled dolomite and veins were mostly developed near the fault zone, with a lower value of δ18O V-PDB (<−8‰), an obvious positive anomaly of Eu (1.01–1.68, avg. 1.28), and an obvious enrichment of LREEs, indicating a higher formation temperature. A large number of algal blooms caused by volcanic ash led to a high abundance of organic matter (OM) in the P 2 l dolomites, with total organic carbon (TOC) values ranging from 0.8 to 7.3% (avg. 2.7%). The lower limits of the TOC of the P 2 l dolomite as an effective source rock were determined to be 2.1%. Moreover, the hydrocarbon potential of the P 2 l dolomite, with abundant oil-prone OM (Type I and II 1 kerogen with hydrogen index (HI) values ranging from 142 to 975 mg/g) in the stage of early mature to mature (Peak temperature of pyrolytic hydrocarbon peak (T max) and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) values ranging from 430 to 451 °C and 0.3–0.96%, respectively), is considerable. The values of the oil saturation index (OSI S 1 /TOC × 100) are 6.1–479 mg/g (avg. 59 mg/g), indicating that the P 2 l dolomite contains producible oil. High contents of brittle minerals and TOC, and traces of clay minerals show that the P 2 l holds a significant hydrocarbon generation potential. • Volcanic ash provided the Mg2+ for dolomite formation and promoted algal bloom. • Three types of dolomite can be identified in the Lucaogou Formation (P 2 l). • The dolomitization mechanism of the dolomites in the P 2 l was established. • The base limit of the TOC value of dolomite as effective source rock was determined. • The dolomite in the P 2 l held a significant hydrocarbon generation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Self-explaining performance of vertically facilities for SSES and PRT is better. • The closer actual speed of the test scene is to the SSES, the greater PRT. • Combined of contour and alignment guidance can play better self-explaining effect. A low-cost and effective speed control method is to be developed for urban road tunnels in order to enhance traffic safety and improve operation in the tunnels. The self-explaining performance of the visual guiding facilities on driver's speed perception and reaction time in the interior zone of urban tunnels was investigated. Using 3D Max to build video simulation model, and referring to the common visual guiding facilities in urban tunnels, six scenes were constructed, namely no facility, horizontal stripe, edge marker, retroreflective arch, vertical stripe and multiple facilities. Stimulus of subjectively equal speed (SSES) and perception reaction time (PRT) were selected as the basic performance indicators to evaluate the different scenes. The experimental results showed that the SSES in multiple facilities scene was closest to the standard speed, followed by the vertical stripe, retroreflective arch, horizontal stripe, and no facility, while speed over-estimation was the most serious in edge marker scene. The results of PRT also showed that self-explaining performance of PRT in multiple facilities and vertical stripe scenes was better than other facilities. Vertically spaced facilities had better SSES and PRT self-explaining performance. The reasonable combination of different types of visual guiding facilities can integrate the advantages of each facility, which is more conducive to realizing the self-explaining effect of rapid perception, accurate judgment, timely decision and easy manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different zones have different visual characteristics. • The drivers' attention is decreased due to the exit portal in the visible zone. • Special attention should be paid to visible zone. This study aims to investigate drivers' visual characteristics under different radii and turning conditions in small-radius optically long tunnels on rural roads. Fixation and saccade were our main research objectives. We conducted real vehicle tests in optically long tunnels under four different radii. Using the distribution of gaze points, fixation duration, and fixation frequency, the drivers' fixation characteristics were examined. In addition, the drivers' saccade characteristics were examined by selecting the saccade duration, saccade frequency, and saccade amplitude. Accordingly, we established mathematical models of fixation duration and saccade duration with a radius under different turning conditions in different zones. Along with the visual task, we further examined drivers' characteristics in optically long tunnels. We found that the smaller the tunnel radius, the more focused gaze points on inside of the curves, the larger the fixation duration, and the lower the safety with higher psychological pressure. In the zone where the exit portal was invisible, drivers' tension and risk were higher during turning right, whereas drivers' tension and risk were higher during turning left in the zone that the exit portal was visible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Driver's pupils gradually widened when entering an extra-long undersea tunnel. • A mathematical model of the driver's pupil area and time is constructed. • Solution method for dark adaptation time is established by pupil area growth rate. • A method for the entrance zone length of extra-long undersea tunnel is proposed. As a new form of urban traffic, extra-long undersea tunnels have emerged as an important means of transportation to promote the development of coastal cities in recent years. Owing to the black hole effect and the special alignment at the entrance of these tunnels, the occurrence of a traffic accident can often lead to casualties and traffic paralysis. This study analyzed the main characteristics of the tunnel entrance length division methods proposed by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), the United States, and China, and discussed the main differences between the lighting environments of extra-long undersea tunnels and ordinary highway tunnels. A real vehicle test was carried out in an extra-long undersea tunnel, and primary data, such as the driver's pupil area and tunnel illuminance, under continuous time series were collected. The drivers' pupil variation characteristics while driving into the tunnel during the daytime were studied, and a mathematical model of the change in the pupil area with time was constructed. In addition, a method for calculating the drivers' dark adaptation time at the tunnel entrance was established, with the pupil area growth rate and volatility less than 15% as the indices. Based on the driver's visual adaptation characteristics and stopping sight distance, a method for the entrance zone length of the extra-long undersea tunnel was proposed. The lengths were enhanced by 41.176, 34.513, and 20.635%, respectively, compared to those obtained using the CIE/USA/CHN standards. In view of the different calculation methods and results of the existing standards, our method overcomes the limitations of the existing methods that rely excessively on the physical and lighting characteristics of tunnels. Moreover, it considers the potential safety hazards where the main road and the ramp merge near the entrance of the tunnel, and provides a new idea for the safe length of the entrance zone from the perspective of the driver's visual physiological response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a progressive renal insufficiency in patients with chronic heart failure, but its pathophysiology is still unclear. The Chinese medicine Zhenwu Decoction plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of 2-CRS, however, its mechanism of action remains unknown., Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ameliorative effect of ZWD on 2-CRS renal fibrosis is related to the modulation of miR-451 expression and thus mediating the TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α loop., Study Design and Methods: A type 2 CRS rat model was constructed using ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery + 3/4 nephrectomy, and randomly divided into Control, Sham, Model, Captopril, ZWD-L, ZWD-M and ZWD-H groups.After 4 weeks of ZWD intervention, its effects on cardiac and renal functions of type 2 CRS rats were observed by hematuria and cardiac ultrasonography. Changes in kidney tissue morphology were observed by HE, Masson and PASM staining. The protein and mRNA expression of TLR4, NF-κB, HIF-1α and IκBα in kidney tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein expression of NF-κB and HIF-1α in renal tissues. Western blot and qPCR were used to detect the protein expression of MCP-1, ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, α-SMA, FN, Smad2, Smad3, and E-cadherin in renal tissues. PCR was used to detect the protein expression of miR-451mRNA expression level in kidney tissues., Results: In this study, we found that ZWD was able to reduce the expression of Scr, BUN, NT-proBNP, and 24-hour quantitative urine protein, elevate LVEF, FS, CO, and reduce the level of LVIDS in type 2 CRS rats, as well as attenuate renal interstitial fibrosis and improve tubular swelling. In addition, Zhenwu Decoction up-regulated the expression of miR-451 in renal tissues and inhibited the expression of TLR4, NF-κB, and HIF-1α proteins and genes, which in turn inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors and fibrosis-related factors., Conclusion: ZWD was able to up-regulate the expression of miR-451 in renal tissues, inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α response loop, and then inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors and fibrosis-related factors, improve renal fibrosis, and delay the pathological process of type 2 CRS., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)

Solid polymer electrolytes have been considered as promising candidates for solid-state batteries (SSBs), owing to their excellent interfacial compatibility and high mechanical toughness; however, they suffer from intrinsic low ionic conductivity (lower than 10 -6 S/cm) and large thickness (usually surpassed over 100 μm or even 500 μm), which has a negative influence on the interface resistance and ionic migration. In this work, ceria quantum dot (CQD)-modified composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) membranes with a thickness of 20 μm were successfully manufactured via 3D printing technology. The CQD fillers can reduce the crystallinity of the polymer, and the oxygen vacancies on CQDs can facilitate the dissociation of ion pairs in the NaTFSI salt to release more free Na + , improving the ionic conductivity. Meanwhile, tailoring the thickness of the CPE-CQDs membrane via 3D printing can further promote the migration and transport of Na + . Furthermore, the printed NNM//CPE-CQDs//Na SSB exhibited outstanding rate capability and cycling stability. The combination of CQD modification and thickness tailoring through 3D printing paves a new avenue for achieving high performance solid electrolyte membranes for practical application in Na SSBs.

The appearance of dried fruit clearly influences the consumer's perception of the quality of the product but is a subtle and nuanced characteristic that is difficult to quantitatively measure, especially online. This paper describes a method that combines several simple strategies to assess a suitable surrogate for the elusive quality using imaging, combined with multivariate statistics and machine learning. With such a convenient tool, this study also shows how one can vary the pretreatments and drying conditions to optimize the resultant product quality. Specifically, an image batch processing method was developed to extract color (hue, saturation, and value) and morphological (area, perimeter, and compactness) features. The accuracy of this method was verified using data from a case study experiment on the pretreatment of hot-air-dried kiwifruit slices. Based on the extracted image features, partial least squares and random forest models were developed to satisfactorily predict the moisture ratio (MR) during drying process. The MR of kiwifruit slices during drying could be accurately predicted from changes in appearance without using any weighing device. This study also explored determining the optimal drying strategy based on appearance quality using principal component analysis. Optimal drying was achieved at 60 °C with 4 mm thick slices under ultrasonic pretreatment. For the 70 °C, 6 mm sample groups, citric acid showed decent performance.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the changes in angiopoietin-2 and tumor necrosis factor α levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with pulmonary infection., Methods: Retrospective selection was conducted on 61 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with pulmonary infection and 122 patients with simple acute myocardial infarction. A comparison was made between the two groups regarding general information and serum myocs. The distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were also explored., Results: The study showed significant differences in the duration of alcohol consumption, the proportion of diabetes mellitus, and levels of certain markers (serum cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase isoenzyme, myoglobin, angiopoietin-2, tumor necrosis factor α) between the two groups (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis identified elevated levels of serum angiopoietin-2 and tumor necrosis factor α, along with diabetes mellitus, as independent risk factors for acute myocardial infarction complicated with pulmonary infection (P < .05). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between serum angiopoietin-2 and tumor necrosis factor α levels and CPI scores in patients (P < .05). ROC curve analysis indicated that combined diagnosis of serum angiopoietin-2 and tumor necrosis factor α had an AUC of 0.867, with a sensitivity of 85.25% and specificity of 77.87% for detecting acute myocardial infarction complicated with pulmonary infection. Among the sputum culture specimens, gram-negative bacteria accounted for 55.34%, gram-positive bacteria for 39.81%, and fungi for 4.85%. Gram-negative bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli showed high resistance to various antibiotics, while gram-positive bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus had relatively low resistance to specific antibiotics., Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens and exhibited resistance to several antibiotics. Increased levels of angiopoietin-2 and tumor necrosis factor α were observed. Early detection of these markers can assist in the clinical diagnosis and guide the appropriate use of antibiotics.

Developing argyrodite-type, chlorine-rich, sodium-ion, solid-state electrolytes with high conductivity is a long-term challenge that is crucial for the advancement of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). In this study, chlorine-rich, argyrodite-type Na 6- x PS 5- x Cl 1+ x solid solutions were successfully developed with a solid solution formation range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5. Na 5.5 PS 4.5 Cl 1.5 ( x = 0.5), displaying a highest ionic conductivity of 1.2 × 10 -3 S/cm at 25 °C, which is more than a hundred times higher than that of Na 6 PS 5 Cl. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results demonstrated that the rich chlorine significantly enhanced the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, in addition to causing a reduction in activation energy. The Na 5.5 PS 4.5 Cl 1.5 composite also showed the characteristics of a pure ionic conductor without electronic conductivity. Finally, the viability of Na 5.5 PS 4.5 Cl 1.5 as a sodium electrolyte for all-solid-state sodium batteries was checked in a lab-scale ASSB, showing stable battery performance. This study not only demonstrates new composites of sodium-ionic, solid-state electrolytes with relatively high conductivity but also provides an anion-modulation strategy to enhance the ionic conductivity of argyrodite-type sodium solid-state ionic conductors.

Objective: Cardiac regenerative medicine has gained significant attention in recent years, and integrins are known to play a critical role in mediating cardiac development and repair, especially after an injury from the myocardial infarction (MI). Given the extensive research history and interdisciplinary nature of this field, a quantitative retrospective analysis and visualization of related topics is necessary., Materials and Methods: We performed a scientometric analysis of published papers on cardiac integrin adhesion complexes (IACs), including analysis of annual publications, disciplinary evolution, keyword co-occurrence, and literature co-citation., Results: A total of 2,664 publications were finally included in the past 20 years. The United States is the largest contributor to the study and is leading this area of research globally. The journal Circulation Research attracts the largest number of high-quality publications. The study of IACs in cardiac repair/regenerative therapies involves multiple disciplines, particularly in materials science and developmental biology. Keywords of research frontiers were represented by Tenasin-C (2019-2023) and inflammation (2020-2023)., Conclusion: Integrins are topics with ongoing enthusiasm in biological development and tissue regeneration. The rapidly emerging role of matricellular proteins and non-protein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating matrix structure and function may be a further breakthrough point in the future; the emerging role of IACs and their downstream molecular signaling in cardiac repair are also of great interest, such as induction of cardiac proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and metabolism, fibroblast activation, and inflammatory modulation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Lv, Fu, Zheng and Song.)

Background: Next-generation sequencing-based molecular assessment has benefited the diagnosis of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) subtypes. However, the clinical and genetic spectrum of HSP due to large fragment deletions/duplications has yet to be fully defined., Objective: We aim to better characterize the clinical phenotypes and genetic features of HSP and to provide new thoughts on diagnosis., Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in patients with clinically suspected HSP, followed by multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) sequentially carried out for those with negative findings in known causative genes. Genotype-phenotype correlation analyses were conducted under specific genotypes., Results: We made a genetic diagnosis in 60% (162/270) of patients, of whom 48.9% (132/270) had 24 various subtypes due to point mutations (SPG4/SPG11/SPG35/SPG7/SPG10/SPG5/SPG3A/SPG2/SPG76/SPG30/SPG6/SPG9A/SPG12/SPG15/SPG17/SPG18/SPG26/SPG49/SPG55/SPG56/SPG57/SPG62/SPG78/SPG80). Thirty patients were found to have causative rearrangements by MLPA (11.1%), among which SPG4 was the most prevalent (73.3%), followed by SPG3A (16.7%), SPG6 (3.3%), SPG7 (3.3%), and SPG11 (3.3%). Clinical analysis showed that some symptoms were often related to specific subtypes, and rearrangement-related SPG3A patients seemingly had later onset. We observed a presumptive anticipation among SPG4 and SPG3A families due to rearrangement., Conclusions: Based on the largest known Asian HSP cohort, including the largest subgroup of rearrangement-related pedigrees, we gain a comprehensive understanding of the clinical and genetic spectrum of HSP. We propose a diagnostic flowchart to sequentially detect the causative genes in practice. Large fragment mutations account for a considerable proportion of HSP, and thus, MLPA screening acts as a beneficial supplement to routine WES. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society., (© 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.)

Background: Autologous tooth transplantation requires precise surgical guide design, involving manual tracing of donor tooth contours based on patient cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. While manual corrections are time-consuming and prone to human errors, deep learning-based approaches show promise in reducing labor and time costs while minimizing errors. However, the application of deep learning techniques in this particular field is yet to be investigated., Purpose: We aimed to assess the feasibility of replacing the traditional design pipeline with a deep learning-enabled autologous tooth transplantation guide design pipeline., Study Design, Setting, Sample: This retrospective cross-sectional study used 79 CBCT images collected at the Guangzhou Medical University Hospital between October 2022 and March 2023. Following preprocessing, a total of 5,070 region of interest images were extracted from 79 CBCT images., Predictor Variable: Autologous tooth transplantation guide design pipelines, either based on traditional manual design or deep learning-based design., Main Outcome Variable: The main outcome variable was the error between the reconstructed model and the gold standard benchmark. We used the third molar extracted clinically as the gold standard and leveraged it as the benchmark for evaluating our reconstructed models from different design pipelines. Both trueness and accuracy were used to evaluate this error. Trueness was assessed using the root mean square (RMS), and accuracy was measured using the standard deviation. The secondary outcome variable was the pipeline efficiency, assessed based on the time cost. Time cost refers to the amount of time required to acquire the third molar model using the pipeline., Analyses: Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance was set at P < .05., Results: In the surface matching comparison for different reconstructed models, the deep learning group achieved the lowest RMS value (0.335 ± 0.066 mm). There were no significant differences in RMS values between manual design by a senior doctor and deep learning-based design (P = .688), and the standard deviation values did not differ among the 3 groups (P = .103). The deep learning-based design pipeline (0.017 ± 0.001 minutes) provided a faster assessment compared to the manual design pipeline by both senior (19.676 ± 2.386 minutes) and junior doctors (30.613 ± 6.571 minutes) (P < .001)., Conclusions and Relevance: The deep learning-based automatic pipeline exhibited similar performance in surgical guide design for autogenous tooth transplantation compared to manual design by senior doctors, and it minimized time costs., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

VLF magneto-electric (ME) antennas have gained attention for their compact size and high radiation efficiency in lossy conductive environments. However, the need for a large DC magnetic field bias presents challenges for miniaturization, limiting portability. This study introduces a self-biased ME antenna with an asymmetric design using two magneto materials, inducing a magnetization grading effect that reduces the resonant frequency during bending. Operating principles are explored, and performance parameters, including the radiation mechanism, intensity and driving power, are experimentally assessed. Leveraging its excellent direct and converse magneto-electric effect, the antenna proves adept at serving as both a transmitter and a receiver. The results indicate that, at 2.09 mW and a frequency of 24.47 kHz, the antenna has the potential to achieve a 2.44 pT magnetic flux density at a 3 m distance. A custom modulation-demodulation circuit is employed, applying 2ASK and 2PSK to validate communication capability at baseband signals of 10 Hz and 100 Hz. This approach offers a practical strategy for the lightweight and compact design of VLF communication systems.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) possess therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury, and the chemokine CXCL12 has been shown to enhance their functional properties. However, the cumulative effects of ASCs when combined with various structures of CXCL12 on ischemic stroke and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we genetically engineered mouse adipose-derived ASCs with CXCL12 variants and transplanted them to the infarct region in a mice transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model of stroke. We subsequently compared the post-ischemic stroke efficacy of ASC-mCXCL12 with ASC-dCXCL12, ASC-wtCXCL12, and unmodified ASCs. Neurobehavior recovery was assessed using modified neurological severity scores, the hanging wire test, and the elevated body swing test. Changes at the tissue level were evaluated through cresyl violet and immunofluorescent staining, while molecular level alterations were examined via Western blot and real-time PCR. The results of the modified neurological severity score and cresyl violet staining indicated that both ASC-mCXCL12 and ASC-dCXCL12 treatment enhanced neurobehavioral recovery and mitigated brain atrophy at the third and fifth weeks post-tMCAO. Additionally, we observed that ASC-mCXCL12 and ASC-dCXCL12 promoted angiogenesis and neurogenesis, accompanied by an increased expression of bFGF and VEGF in the peri-infarct area of the brain. Notably, in the third week after tMCAO, the ASC-mCXCL12 exhibited superior outcomes compared to ASC-dCXCL12. However, when treated with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, the beneficial effects of ASC-mCXCL12 were reversed. The AMD3100-treated group demonstrated worsened neurological function, aggravated edema volume, and brain atrophy. This outcome is likely attributed to the interaction of monomeric CXCL12 with CXCR4, which regulates the recruitment of bFGF and VEGF. This study introduces an innovative approach to enhance the therapeutic potential of ASCs in treating ischemic stroke by genetically engineering them with the monomeric structure of CXCL12.

Objective: As a pseudokinase, Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) is implicated in a wide array of biological processes, including cell signal transduction, metabolic regulation, stress responses, and immune regulation. While its significant role in the immune regulation of certain cancers is well-established, the specific functions and impact of TRIB3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remain unclear., Methods: The data of RNA-sequence was acquired from the TCGA database to analyze the expression patterns of TRIB3 and elucidate its prognostic value in HNSC patients. Furthermore, the correlation between TRIB3 and tumor mutation burden, clinical data, immune checkpoint genes, and immune cell infiltration was explored. Moreover, the TRIB3 location in tumor tissues and subcellular structures was identified via Tisch in the HPA database, and the potential protein interaction molecules for TRIB3 were elucidated in the STRING database. The potential TRIB3 gene function was assessed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), whereas the TRIB3 expression levels in clinical HNSC samples were verified by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. the role of TRIB3 in enhancing the malignant behavior of HNSC cells was validated in vitro through a series of methods including RT-qPCR, CCK8 assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay., Results: It was revealed that TRIB3 was significantly overexpressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HNSC. Furthermore, this overexpression markedly enhanced the migration ability of tumor cells. As an independent prognostic factor, TRIB3 was associated with advanced tumor T stage and was significantly involved with tumor mutation burden and immune cell infiltration in HNSC. Moreover, it was observed that TRIB3 was not a predicted factor for PD1/PDL1 and ATL4 inhibitor treatment; however, it was substantially correlated with various immune evasion-related genes in HNSC., Conclusion: TRIB3 could serve as a potential prognostic marker for HNSC and might be a key gene mediating HNSC immune evasion., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wu, Fu, Li, Fang, He, Ye, Wu, Xu, Zheng and Zhang.)

Introduction: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) with intracardiac metastasis is rare, and here we reported a patient with intracardiac metastasis of high-risk and refractory gestational choriocarcinoma and reviewed relevant literatures., Case Presentation: A 37-year-old woman presented with vaginal bleeding and high level of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) at 199,060 (mIU/mL). It was clinically diagnosed with gestational choriocarcinoma. The patient initially received eight cycles of chemotherapy but unsatisfactory response was observed, and the level of β-hCG still ranged between 5000 and 10,000. Then there was found intracardiac masses in the right atrium (2.6*1.7 cm), anterior chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve (1.4*0.7 cm) and the right ventricle (4.1*2.9 cm) by ultrasonic cardiogram (UCG). PET/CT highly suspected the intracardiac metastasis of choriocarcinoma (SUVmax = 9.3) and no disease was found in the lung and pelvis. The patient undertook complete intracardiac masses resection. The pathology confirmed the intracardiac metastasis of disease. After a week of operation, the UCG found a 5.4*4.2 cm mass in the right atrium again. Considering the poor prognosis, the patient received palliative care and eventually died of disease progression., Conclusion: Intracardiac metastasis of GTN is an aggressive sign of disease. Patients can benefit from chemotherapy and surgery. Future investigation of PD-1 immunotherapy combines with chemotherapy are expected to improve the prognosis in this group of patients., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that has still not been effectively treated. Paeoniflorin is a traditional Chinese medicine with potential neuroprotective effects against brain injury; however, the beneficial effects and mechanisms of action in AD have not been clarified. We aimed to explore the mechanisms of action of paeoniflorin in AD using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 30 candidate targets through the intersection of the targets of paeoniflorin and related genes in AD, which were mainly enriched in oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, key targets of paeoniflorin against AD, namely Nrf2 (encoded by NFE2L2) and TLR4, were screened and found to be closely related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Subsequent in vivo experiments revealed that paeoniflorin treatment improved the cognition of APP/PS1 mice by ameliorating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which were associated with the upregulation of Nrf2 and HO1, and the downregulation of TLR4. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that paeoniflorin alleviates cognitive impairment in AD by regulating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and that Nrf2, HO1, and TLR4 could be key targets., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Spastic paraplegia type 76 (SPG76) is a subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by calpain-1 (CAPN1) mutations. Our study described the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of three families with spastic ataxia due to various CAPN1 mutations and further explored the pathogenesis of the two novel mutations. The three patients were 48, 39, and 48 years old, respectively. Patients 1 and 3 were from consanguineous families, while patient 2 was sporadic. Physical examination showed hypertonia, hyperreflexia, and Babinski signs in the lower limbs. Patients 2 and 3 additionally had dysarthria and depression. CAPN1 mutations were identified by whole-exome sequencing, followed by Sanger sequencing and co-segregation analysis within the family. Functional examination of the newly identified mutations was further explored. Two homozygous mutations were detected in patient 1 (c.213dupG, p.D72Gfs*95) and patient 3 (c.1729+1G>A) with HSP, respectively. Patient 2 had compound heterozygous mutations c.853C>T (p.R285X) and c.1324G>A (p.G442S). Western blotting revealed the p.D72Gfs*95 with a smaller molecular weight than WT and p.G442S. In vitro, the wild-type calpain-1 is mostly located in the cytoplasm and colocalized with tubulin by immunostaining. However, p.D72Gfs*95 and p.G442S abnormally formed intracellular aggregation, with little colocalization with tubulin. In this study, we identified three cases with SPG76, due to four various CAPN1 mutations, presenting lower limb spasticity and ataxia, with or without bulbar involvement and emotional disorder. Among these, c.213dupG and c.1324G>A are first identified in this paper. The genotype-phenotype correlation of the SPG76 cases reported worldwide was further summarized., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Garlic (Allium sativum), the underground bulb of the Allium genus, has been consumed on Earth for thousands of years. Many clinical trials of garlic supplementation on components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have emerged in recent years, but there is no consensus on the effect. This meta-analysis aimed at systematically evaluating the effect of garlic supplementation on components of MetS., Methods: In this meta-analysis, we searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Medline, Web of Science databases, and clinical trials online sites from inception to November 1, 2022, with language restrictions to English. We engaged participants > 18 years and eligible for the clinical diagnosis of MetS or those with metabolic disorders and garlic was the only intervention. Outcomes included waist circumference, and body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted based on six covariates (total sample size, the mean age, the mean dose, the duration of intervention, the oral form of garlic, and the dietary intervention)., Results: Results from 19 RCTs were included engaging 999 participants. Compared to placebo, garlic significantly reduced TG [SMD (95%CI) = -0.66 (-1.23, -0.09)], TC [SMD (95%CI) = -0.43 (-0.86, -0.01)], LDL [SMD (95%CI) = -0.44(-0.88, -0.01)], DBP [SMD (95%CI) = -1.33 (-2.14, -0.53)], BMI [SMD (95%CI) = -1.10(-1.90, -0.20)], and WC [SMD (95%CI) = -0.78(-1.09, -0.47)]. Meta-regression showed age and sample size are potential effect modifiers., Conclusion: According to the results of meta-analysis, the modulatory effect of garlic on some MetS components is evident. More high-quality, large-scale RCTs are needed to confirm iat based on the high heterogeneity and potential publication bias of the current data., Trial Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display&#95;record.php?RecordID=373228 , ID: CRD42022373228., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Identifying cancer-related differentially expressed genes provides significant information for diagnosing tumors, predicting prognoses, and effective treatments. Recently, deep learning methods have been used to perform gene differential expression analysis using microarray-based high-throughput gene profiling and have achieved good results. In this study, we proposed a new robust multiple-datasets-based semi-supervised learning model, MSSL, to perform tumor type classification and candidate cancer-specific biomarkers discovery across multiple tumor types and multiple datasets, which addressed the following long-lasting obstacles: (1) the data volume of the existing single dataset is not enough to fully exert the advantages of deep learning; (2) a large number of datasets from different research institutions cannot be effectively used due to inconsistent internal variances and low quality; (3) relatively uncommon cancers have limited effects on deep learning methods. In our article, we applied MSSL to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Comprehensive Database (GEO) pan-cancer normalized-level3 RNA-seq data and got 97.6% final classification accuracy, which had a significant performance leap compared with previous approaches. Finally, we got the ranking of the importance of the corresponding genes for each cancer type based on classification results and validated that the top genes selected in this way were biologically meaningful for corresponding tumors and some of them had been used as biomarkers, which showed the efficacy of our method., Competing Interests: Peng Chen, Zhenlei Li, Zhaolin Hong, Haoran Zheng and Rong Zeng declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Background: Drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction plays an important role in drug discovery and repositioning. However, most of the computational methods used for identifying relevant DTIs do not consider the invariance of the nearest neighbour relationships between drugs or targets. In other words, they do not take into account the invariance of the topological relationships between nodes during representation learning. It may limit the performance of the DTI prediction methods., Results: Here, we propose a novel graph convolutional autoencoder-based model, named SDGAE, to predict DTIs. As the graph convolutional network cannot handle isolated nodes in a network, a pre-processing step was applied to reduce the number of isolated nodes in the heterogeneous network and facilitate effective exploitation of the graph convolutional network. By maintaining the graph structure during representation learning, the nearest neighbour relationships between nodes in the embedding space remained as close as possible to the original space., Conclusions: Overall, we demonstrated that SDGAE can automatically learn more informative and robust feature vectors of drugs and targets, thus exhibiting significantly improved predictive accuracy for DTIs., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Objective: To describe myeloid sarcoma (MS) that mimic gynecological tumors and provide guidelines for improving the diagnosis and treatment of patients., Methods: This case series study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and oncological outcomes of female patients who were histologically diagnosed with MS after initially presenting with reproductive-system tumors at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2000 and March 2022., Results: There were eight cases in which MS mimicked cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, or hysteromyoma. Six patients had isolated MS, and the other two had acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-M2. The average age was 39.00 ± 14.26. They each sought advice from a gynecological oncologist at the initial visit, complaining of irregular bleeding (3/8), low abdominal pain (3/8), dysmenorrhea (1/8), or an accidentally found mass (1/8). CT/MRI exams revealed that the average tumor size reached 5.65 ± 2.35 cm, with 50% of the tumors being larger than 8 cm. The final diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy (2/8) or postoperative pathology (6/8); the most frequent positive immunohistochemical markers were Ki-67 (60-90%), MPO (100%), LCA (62.5%), CD43 (62.5%), CD117 (62.5%), CD99 (50%), vimentin (37.5%), and lysozyme (25%). MLL/AF9 gene fusions and CEBPA, JAK2, NRAS, and FLT3-TKD mutations were found in the patients. Six (75%) of the patients showed a complete response after upfront treatment using chemotherapy + surgery and experienced no recurrence during follow-up. The overall survival (OS) rate was 72.9%, and the 5-year OS rate was 72.9% (95%CI: 0.4056-1.000). The median OS was 26 months (range: 3-82)., Conclusion: For patients with isolated MS, treatment by chemotherapy and surgery are radical procedure, and initial treatment using chemotherapy alone should be considered for MS with synchronous intramedullary AML. Poor response to chemotherapy, short interval to leukemia occurrence, and heavy tumor burden (> 10 cm) could indicate a poor prognosis for patients with MS., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the lethal malignancies, with limited biomarkers identified to predict its prognosis and treatment response of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). This study aimed to explore the predictive ability of T cell marker genes score (TMGS) to predict their overall survival (OS) and treatment response to ICB by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq data. Multi-omics data of PDAC were applied in this study. The uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) was utilized for dimensionality reduction and cluster identification. The non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm was applied to molecular subtypes clustering. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-Cox regression was adopted for TMGS construction. The prognosis, biological characteristics, mutation profile, and immune function status between different groups were compared. Two molecular subtypes were identified via NMF: proliferative PDAC (C1) and immune PDAC (C2). Distinct prognoses and biological characteristics were observed between them. TMGS was developed based on 10 T cell marker genes (TMGs) through LASSO-Cox regression. TMGS is an independent prognostic factor of OS in PDAC. Enrichment analysis indicated that cell cycle and cell proliferation-related pathways are significantly enriched in the high-TMGS group. Besides, high-TMGS is related to more frequent KRAS, TP53, and CDKN2A germline mutations than the low-TMGS group. Furthermore, high-TMGS is significantly associated with attenuated antitumor immunity and reduced immune cell infiltration compared to the low-TMGS group. However, high TMGS is correlated to higher tumor mutation burden (TMB), a low expression level of inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules, and a low immune dysfunction score, thus having a higher ICB response rate. On the contrary, low TMGS is related to a favorable response rate to chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapy. By combining scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data, we identified a novel biomarker, TMGS, which has remarkable performance in predicting the prognosis and guiding the treatment pattern for patients with PDAC., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

A dual-wavelength tunable lidar system that simultaneously detects the Ca and C a + layers has been established in Yanqing Station (40.41°N, 116.01°E). The lidar system implements a pulsed Nd:YAG laser that simultaneously pumps two dye lasers, which reduces the hardware configuration of the lidar system. The two dye lasers use infrared laser dyes with high conversion efficiency suitable for long-term observation. The resonance wavelengths of Ca and C a + are generated by frequency doubling of the two infrared laser beams. We compared the dual-wavelength tunable lidar system to previous dye-based systems and performed experiments to determine resonance frequencies to within 0.4 pm and to test the dual optical fiber receiving system and found it does not cause cross talk. Three nights of preliminary simultaneous observations of Ca and C a + layers are reported; the diversity of these observations begs for more systematic observations and challenging interpretations in terms of Ca processes in the ionosphere and illustrates the effectiveness of this system for aeronomy and space physics studies.