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Amaç: İşkence uluslararası insan haklan ve insancıl hukuk belgeleri ile mutlak yasak olarak kabul edilmesine rağmen halen tüm dünyada varlığını sürdüren bir insanlık suçudur. Türkiye gibi geçmişinde askeri darbeler yaşamış ülkelerde yüzbinlerce insanı etkilemiş, travmayı kuşaktan kuşağa aktararak toplumu derin bir şekilde yaralamıştır. İşkencenin belgelenmesi ise işkence ile mücadelenin en önemli basamaklarından biridir ve uluslar arası standartlarını da İstanbul Protokolü vermektedir. Uzun yıllar önce işkenceye maruz kalmış kişilerde işkencenin tıbbi delillerini ortaya koymanın zorluğu ve /veya fiziksel ya da radyolojik delillerin yetersiz kaldığı durumlar nedeniyle başka ileri tanılama yöntemleri kullanılabilir mi sorusu gündeme gelmiş ve kemik sintigrafisinin bir tanılama yöntemi olarak kullanılabilirliği denenmiştir. Bu çalışmada işkence görenlere tedavi-rehabilitasyon ve belgeleme hizmeti sunan Türkiye İnsan Haklan Vakfı olgulanmn verileri üzerinden sintigrafınin bir tanı yöntemi olarak değerini göstermek amaçlanmış ve literatür eşliğinde tartışılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Türkiye İnsan Haklan Vakfı Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezlerine 1991-2012 yıllan arasında başvuran 13477 olgu arasından kemik sintigrafi taraması yapılan 415 olgu çalışmaya alındı. Olguların tedavi dosyaları geriye dönük; cinsiyet, yaş, sosyoekonomik durum, uygulanan işkence yöntemi, işkence sıklığı, işkence süresi, işkence üzerinden geçen süre, fiziksel bulgular ve kemik sintigrafi bulguları açısından değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Olguların hepsi kaba dayak işkence yöntemi ve birden fazla ağır fiziksel hasar yaratan işkence yöntemlerine maruz kalmışü. 65’i kadın (% 15.7), 350’si erkek (% 84.3), yaş ortalaması 30.98 ±9.67 (aralık 11-72 yaş)’tı. Sintigrafi taraması yapılan 415 olgunun 232’si (% 56) travmatik nedenli sintigrafi pozitifti, literatür ile uyumlu bulundu. İşkenceye maruz kalma süresinin uzamasıyla (7 gün ve üzeri) sintigrafi pozitifliğinin arttığı görüldü. Sonuç: Kemik sintigrafisi; geç dönem başvurularda ya da fiziksel bir bulgu tespit edilemeyen işkence iddiası ile başvurmuş olguların değerlendirilmesi ve belgelenmesinde non-invaziv bir tanılama yöntemi olarak önerilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İşkence, Kemik Sintigrafisi, İşkencenin Belgelenmesi.Tanılama Yöntemi, İstanbul Protokolü.

Objective: This study analyzes the clinical and laboratory findings of children with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) followed in various referral centers of Turkey.Materials and Methods: A simple three-page questionnaire prepared by the Turkish Histiocyte Study Group was used for documentation of patient data.Results: Age at diagnosis varied from 0.6 to 78 months (median±SD, 16.5±26.1). Sex distribution was almost equal (F/M=10/12). The frequencies of parental consanguinity and sibling death in the family history were 100% and 81.1%, respectively. The most common clinical findings were hepatomegaly (100%) and fever (95%). The most common laboratory findings were anemia (100%), hyperferritinemia (100%) and thrombocytopenia (90.9%). Triglyceride and total bilirubin levels in the deceased versus surviving group appear to be high (triglyceride: 394±183 mg/dl, 289±7 mg/dl; total bilirubin: 2.7±6.9 mg/dl, 0.5±1.2 mg/dl, respectively).Conclusion: We concluded that fever, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperferritinemia are the most common clinical and laboratory findings in primary HLH. Increased triglyceride and total bilirubin level at the time of diagnosis might be an indicator of poor prognosis in HLH.

We present a case of a 4.5-month-old boy from Turkey with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) associated with H1N1 virus and Leishmania spp. coinfection. Because visceral leishmaniasis can mimic hematologic disorders like HLH, it is important to rule out this clinical condition before starting immunosuppressive therapy. In our case, treatment with liposomal amphotericin B resulted in a dramatic resolution of clinical and laboratory abnormalities.

Background: The present study aimed to determine the problems, unmet needs and expectations of phenylketonuria (PKU) patients in Türkiye regarding follow-up and treatment in order to provide data for future planning and implementations on PKU. Methods: The study included patients diagnosed with PKU and/or their parents. They were informed about the study via phone calls and their verbal consents were obtained. Questions in the data collection forms, which were established separately for pediatric, adolescent, and adult age groups, were applied during the interviews and the answers were recorded. Results: Among 182 classical PKU patients, 66 (36.3%) were in the pediatric group (0–12 years old), 44 (24.2%) were in the adolescent group (13–19 years old), and 72 (39.5%) were in the adult group (≥ 20 years old). In all patient groups, phenylalanine-restricted diet and medical nutrition products were the main options for treatment. The median of the last measured blood phenylalanine concentration (patient-reported) was 290 µmol/L, 425 µmol/L, and 750 µmol/L in the pediatric, adolescent, and adult groups, respectively. The frequency of blood testing for serum phenylalanine level according to the age groups was appropriate in nearly half of the patients. While the majority of the patients have been visiting the metabolism center they have been diagnosed with PKU for control, considerable proportion of the patients would like to change the center or the doctor they visit for control if they could. It was determined that nearly half of the patients had trouble in accessing the metabolism center. Treatment options' being limited and expensive were the major problems. The main requests of the patients and patient relatives included easier access to the metabolism centers and more options for treatment and diet. Conclusions: Access to the services should be easier to improve the patients' follow-up and treatment. There is need for low-cost, easily applicable, and accessible nutrition products and effective novel pharmacological agents. Focusing on these issues in health policies by providing pedagogic/psychological support, establishing support programs also comprising the families, and increasing the awareness activities were the key outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, fibers were extracted from okra stems and corn husks via alkalization. The obtained fibers were subjected to physical and thermal analyses. It was found that okra bast fibers have better breaking strength and are finer than corn husk fibers. Corn husk fibers show high elongation at break rates. The paper also presents results of thermogravimetric analysis of the okra bast and corn husk fibers. Tests were carried out in oxygen and inert gas atmospheres. The temperature range of the main thermal decomposition stage was determined in the range of 290–400°C for thermo-oxidation and 290–420°C for pyrolysis investigation. Slight differences in the thermal resistances of the tested fibers were found. The maximum temperature in which both types of materials can used is determined. The calculated activation energy values show large-spread ranges.

Objectives: It is important to diagnose obligatory carrier (OC) type 3 von Willebrand Disease (vWD) in countries, such as Turkey, where marriages between relatives is common. However, mild bleeding or no bleeding in such patients complicates the diagnosis of the disease. It is not clear how the diagnosis of OC type 3 vWD will be made based on FVIII:C (Factor VIII activity), vWF:Ag (von Willebrand factor antigen), vWF:RCo (von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor activity), and PFA (platelet function analyzer )-100 parameters. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate how OC type 3 vWD diagnoses may be established by studying laboratory phenotypes of close relatives of patients with diagnosed 3 vWD. Patients and Methods: 8 patients with type 3 vWD (index cases) and 20 patients who were defined as OCs type 3 vWD were enrolled into the study. Result: 10 cases had similarity with mild type VWD, 4 cases had similarity with moderate type 1 vWD, 4 other cases had type 1 or 2 vWD similarities, 1 case had similarity with severe type 1 vWD, and 1 case also had similarity with severe type 1 or type 2 vWD; regarding their laboratory phenotypic characteristics. Conclusion: we identified that OC type 3 vWD is similar specifically to type 1 vWD in terms of laboratory phenotypic character, and we suggest that it may be used with PFA-100 as an easy and fast method in screening relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, biologically degummed okra bast and corn husk fibers were subjected to alkalization processes. Alkalization treatments resulted in decrease of linear density of the biologically degummed fibers. Increment in alkali concentration resulted in an initial increase then a successive decrease in all tensile indicators: initial modulus, breaking tenacity and breaking elongation. 3 g/L NaOH-treated fibers showed the best tensile characteristics for both okra bast and corn husk fibers. The IR spectra analysis suggested elimination of extracellulosic materials upon alkaline treatment. The ranges for properties of the produced okra bast and corn husk fibers can be summarized in consecutive order as linear density of 9.7–12.3 and 20.0–24.3 tex; initial modulus between 1257-1897 and 156.4–354.6 cN/tex; breaking tenacity range in 28.0–46.8 and 6.37–15.2 cN/tex; and elongation in the range 2.0–2.5% and 8.7–19.9%. The properties of obtained okra bast fibers are found to be superior to corn husk fibers and comparable to that of conventional bast fibers.

This study aims to investigate and compare mathematics teachers’ knowledge of pedagogical content, knowledge of students’ understanding and knowledge of instructional strategies, subcomponents of pedagogical content knowledge, student errors in the relationship between perimeter and areas in rectangles, squares, and parallelograms. 10 pre-secondary school in-service mathematics teachers and 10 prospective mathematics teachers participated in the study. The qualitative case research approach was used. To collect the data, an interview form consisting of four questions showing student errors related to perimeter and area was prepared. The participants were asked to comment on the questions given in the form, and their answers were recorded. Later, they were asked to write down their answers to these questions. According to the outcomes, there is a lack of knowledge of students’ understanding and knowledge of instructional strategies, which are the subcomponents of the pedagogical content knowledge of prospective mathematics teachers. Moreover, prospective teachers are found to be incompetent as regards the necessary mathematical subject matter knowledge. To prevent difficulties, when the concepts of perimeter and area are taught, instead of giving formulae initially, concrete materials or real-life examples about these concepts should be provided.

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is considered to be a cancer biomarker in the assessment of metastatic potential in patients and an early indicator of atherosclerosis. A labelless biosensor based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signal from the specific affinity interaction of an aptamer and a soluble ICAM-1 protein was developed for blood samples. The developed aptasensor provided real-time information on the concentration of the ICAM-1 protein in blood when integrated to a purification step based on a magnetic pull-down separation. The SPR aptasensor was highly specific with a limit of detection of 1.4/0.2 ng ml−1, which was achieved through aptamer-functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudden hearing loss (SHL) is a significant problem requiring emergency intervention; however, consensus on its diagnosis and treatment remains to be determined. Although several factors could cause SHL, its cause can only be determined in 10% of patients. Several approaches have been described for its treatment. The primary aim of treatment is to prevent cochlear hypoxia by increasing the partial O2 pressure in the perilymph. Apelin is an oxidative stress mediator. If apelin level changes are associated with SHL etiology, the protective and therapeutic effects of apelin can be beneficial. This study aimed to investigate the extent of influence of apelin hormone level changes in the SHL etiology. A total of 27 patients diagnosed with SHL and 26 healthy volunteers were evaluated as the patient and control groups, respectively. Apelin levels, biochemical parameters, and hemoglobin levels were measured. No difference was found between the patient and control groups in respect of apelin and other parameters. Although the study results did not show a statistically significant difference, the degree of hearing loss increased with decreased apelin levels in patients with SHL. Although not statistically significant, Apelin level was lower as the level of hearing loss increased in patients presenting with SHL. According to studies, it can be thought that patients with low apelin levels can be assumed to be less likely protected against inflammatory diseases related to oxidative stress. Therefore, further comprehensive and extensive clinical studies to examine apelin effect mechanisms should be performed. According to studies, the Apelin hormone shows a protective effect against inflammatory diseases caused by oxidative stress. In our study, there was no significant difference when Apelin hormone levels were compared with the patients with sudden hearing loss in the control group. However, due to the low number of patients to investigate the mechanisms of action of Apelin, more extensive and larger studies are needed. [Med-Science 2020; 9(3.000): 704-7]

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı gebe kadınlarda Pelvik Kuşak Anketi'ni (PKA) Türkçe'ye çevirmek ve test-tekrar test güvenilirliği ve geçerliğini değerlendirmekti. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya pelvik kuşak ağrısı olan 135 gebe alındı. Ağrı şiddetini değerlendirmek için görsel analog skalası, duruma özel sağlık ile ilgili yaşam kalitesine için PKA, sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesi için Nottingham Sağlık Profili, özürlülük düzeyi için Oswestry Özürlülük İndeksi, PKA'da kültürlerarası uyum için kılavuzlar kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 30 ± 4,77 olan 135 gebe dahil edildi. Test-tekrar test güvenirliği için sınıflar arası korelasyon katsayısı puanı, PKA aktivite alt boyutu için 0,972 (% 95 CI = 0,968-0,977), PKA semptom alt boyutu için 0,910 (% 95 CI = 0,905-0,915) ve PKA toplam için 0,979 (% 95 CI = 0,905-0,915) olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Çalışma, pelvik kuşak ağrısı olan Türkçe konuşan gebelerde PKA'nin Türkçe versiyonunun hem sakatlığı hem de semptomu ölçmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğunu ve iyi psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Quercetagetin (3,3ʹ,4ʹ,5,6,7-hexahydroxyflavone) is a characteristic flavonol that has six hydroxy (–OH) group based on the chemical structure of the flavone backbone. Herein, we report a concise, efficient, and scalable synthesis of biologically important quercetagetin with antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The synthesis has been achieved in three steps from starting materials 1 and 2 in 27 % overall yield. The chemical structure of synthetic quercetagetin has been confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses. Antioxidant activity of synthetic quercetagetin and control compounds quercetin, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and Trolox has been compared using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The synthetic quercetagetin exhibits the highest antioxidant activity when compared with control compounds. Furthermore, the synthetic quercetagetin has displayed potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with MIC value of 16 µg/mL when compared with standard antibiotic drugs Ampicillin and Kanamycin (with MIC values of >256 µg/mL). To distinguish bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of synthetic quercetagetin, time-kill kinetic studies have been performed and the results exhibit that the synthetic quercetagetin possesses bacteriostatic action.

In this research, fibers were extracted from different parts of the okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus) via water- and dew-retting methods. The fibers were subjected to physical and thermal analyses. The fibers obtained from the upper part of the okra plant showed higher breaking strength and lower linear density. Fibers obtained via water-retting exhibited higher breaking strength, higher elongation at break rates, and lower linear density values. The paper also presents the results of thermogravimetric analysis of the okra fibers. Tests were carried out in oxygen and inert gas atmospheres. Slight differences were found in the thermal resistance of the tested fibers, which was confirmed by an analysis using the αs-αr methodology. The calculated activation energy showed a widespread range of values.

Kearn sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare disease with a typical onset before 20 years and characterized by triad of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, retinitis pigmentosa and progressive cardiac conduction abnormalities. The most important prognostic factor in KSS patients is the involvement of heart characterized by progressive degeneration of the conduction system. In patients with KSS, early diagnosis of cardiac involvement is very important because complete atrioventricular (AV) block may develop and it can be cause of sudden cardiac death. Herein we report a patient with KSS who presented with syncope due to complete AV block. [Med-Science 2016; 5(4.000): 1013-5]

Angiomyolipoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor, which is mostly renal in origin. A sixty-year-old male patient with the diagnosis of angiomyolipoma located in the larynx has been presented here, and the literature is reviewed.

Purpose: Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a raredisorder characterized by diminished neutrophil levels. Despite granulocytecolony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment, SCN patients remain still prone tosevere infections, including periodontal disease-a significant oral healthrisk. This study investigates the host proteome and metaproteome in saliva andgingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of G-CSF-treated patients., Experimental Design: We used label-free quantitative proteomics on saliva and GCF samples from SCN patients before (n = 10, mean age: 10.7 ± 6.6 years) and after a 6-month oral hygiene intervention (n = 9,mean age: 11.6 ± 5.27 years), and from 12 healthy controls., Results: We quantified 894 proteins in saliva (648 human,246 bacterial) and 756 proteins in GCF (493 human, 263 bacterial). Predominant bacterial genera included Streptococcus, Veillonella, Selenomonas, Corynebacterium, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. SCN patients showed reduced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and elevated complement proteins compared tohealthy controls. Oral hygiene intervention improved oral epithelial conditionsand reduced both AMPs and complement proteins., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: SCN patients have aunique proteomic profile with reduced AMPs and increased complement proteins, contributing to infection susceptibility. Oral hygiene intervention not onlyimproved oral health in SCN patients but also offers potential overall therapeuticbenefits., (© 2024 The Author(s). PROTEOMICS ‐ Clinical Applications published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Current guidelines recommend computed tomography (cCT) scans of the chest in children with leukemia following 96 h of the onset of idiopathic neutropenia to eliminate pulmonary invasive fungal infections (IFIs). However, cCT exposes some children who are at a very high risk of developing secondary cancers to radiation. We aimed to determine the effect of antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) with voriconazole (VCZ) on the need for cCT scans in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to eliminate pulmonary IFIs during chemotherapy. We retrospectively screened all patients' data from their electronic charts. Children who were diagnosed as having ALL before February 2013 and did (AFP group) or did not (NoP group) receive AFP were divided into two groups and compared regarding cCT scans and relapse-mortality rates. Ninety-six children were diagnosed before February 2013 and did not receive primary AFP and 146 children were administered VCZ following a diagnosis of ALL. There were no significant demographic differences between the groups. A total of 128 cCTs had been required in 62 children in the NoP group, compared with 64 cCTs in 52 children in the AFP group. The percentage of the patients who had required at least one chest CT scan and the mean number of cCT scans in the NoP group were significantly higher compared with the AFP group. Proven-probable IFIs and relapse-mortality rates were higher in the NoP group compared with the AFP group. Mold-active AFP revealed a significant decrease in the need for cCT scans in children with ALL., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestAll of the authors declare they have no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Objective: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, etiology, and outcome of IFIs in children with AML and the effect of mold-active antifungal prophylaxis., Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients treated for AML between January 2004 and December 2022. Proven, probable, or possible IFIs were defined using standardized definitions of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) classification published at 2008., Results: A total of 298 febrile neutropenia episodes from 78 patients were evaluated. Proven, probable, and possible IFI rates were 3%, 2.6%, and 9.4%, respectively. Profound neutropenia was detected in 18 (58%) and prolonged neutropenia in 20 (64.5%) of the IFI episodes.. Invasive aspergillosis accounted for the majority of IFI episodes; however, non-albicans Candida spp. were the most isolated pathogens in the proven group. Patients with relapsed AML were particularly at risk for the development of IFI ( P =0.02). A significant decrease in IFI episodes was achieved with mold-active antifungal prophylaxis with voriconazole ( P =0.01, odds ratio: 0.288, %95 CI:0.104-0.797). The overall mortality was 35.8%, and the IFI-attributable mortality rate was 25%. In the multivariate analysis, relapsed disease was the most significant risk factor associated with mortality ( P =0.006, odds ratio:4.745; 95% CI: 1.573-14.316)., Conclusion: Mold-active prophylaxis reduced the rate of IFIs in this cohort however IFI-related mortality was still high as 25% in pediatric AML patients. Relapsed AML was the most significant risk factor associated with mortality., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is very rare during childhood. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) provide very good results in terms of survival. The medical records of 15 chronic phase (CP)-CML patients in a university hospital pediatric hematology department between 1997 and 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Complete hematological response was documented in all patients between 20 and 68 (median 30) days of treatment. Major molecular response was achieved in seven patients within 6 months. Median follow-up for the study group was 79 (range 3-330) months and overall survival was 100%. Three patients (2 blastic transformation, 1 therapy resistant) underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and one with blastic transformation is scheduled to undergo BMT. TKI were discontinued in three patients after a median of 86 (range 73-177) months. The complete molecular remission maintenance period before discontinuation of TKI was 81 (range 62-122) months. While no molecular relapse was seen before the last follow-up, the median overall follow-up period was 152 (range 131-300) months. In conclusion, recent advances have led to a very good prognosis for children with CP-CML. With TKI treatment, most patients continue their lives without disease progression. Additionally, in selected patients TKI can be discontinued without molecular relapse., (© 2022. Japanese Society of Hematology.)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) on the relative translucency parameter (RTP) and color stability of thermally aged CAD-CAM glass-ceramics with glazing or polishing. Three different CAD-CAM blocks-feldspathic (VM), lithium disilicate (IPS), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (VS)-were used in this study. The specimens were divided into two groups (n=10) according to surface treatments (glazing or polishing). Bleaching treatment with 16% CP was applied to the thermally aged specimens. A spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Advance) was used to measure the CIE L*a*b*coordinates of the specimens on white and black backgrounds, and RTP and color difference (ΔE00) values were calculated. The surface topography of the specimens and the atomic weight of the elements were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray. The data were analyzed by using the two-way ANOVA test for ΔE00 values and two-way repeated measures ANOVA test for RTP and color parameters values (a=0.05) and the Tukey post-hoc test was used for multiple comparisons of the groups. RTP values were statistically influenced by material type, bleaching, and finishing technique, and the interaction among these factors was found to be significant (p<0.05). ΔE00 values were statistically influenced by material type, finishing technique, and the interaction among these factors was also found to be significant (p<0.05). IPS presented significantly lower RTP and ΔE00 values for both glazed and polished surfaces (p<0.05). 16% CP bleaching agent caused changes in translucency of aged VM and IPS at different levels. Glazed surfaces presented higher color stability in comparison to mechanically polished surfaces for VS (p<0.05)., (© Operative Dentistry, 2023.)

Assestment of minimal residual disease (MRD) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is of utmost importance both for risk classification and tailoring of the therapy. The data of pediatric ALL patients that received treatment with Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM) protocols were retrospectively collected from 5 university hospitals in Turkey. Of the 1388 patients enrolled in the study 390 were treated according to MRD-based protocols. MRD assestment was with real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 283 patients and with multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC)-MRD in 107 patients. MRD monitoring had upstaged a total of 8 patients (2%) from intermediate risk group to high-risk group. Univariate analysis revealed age 10 years or above, prednisone poor response, PCR-MRD ≥10-3 on day 33 and on day 78 as poor prognostic factors affecting event-free survival (EFS). Detection of >10% blasts on day 15 with MFC (MFC-high-risk group) was not shown to affect EFS and/or overall survival (log-rank P=0.339). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed PCR-MRD ≥10-3 on day 78 as the only poor prognostic factor affecting EFS (odds ratio: 8.03; 95% confidence interval: 2.5-25; P=0.000). It is very important to establish the infrastructure and ensure necessary standardization for both MRD methods for optimal management of children with ALL., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To decipher the underlying immunological mechanisms in predisposition to oral microbial dysbiosis in severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) patients., Experimental Design: Ten SCN patients (5-23 years old) and 12 healthy controls (5-22 years old) are periodontally examined and provided saliva, subgingival plaque, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples. The SCN patients received oral hygiene therapy and are re-evaluated after 6 months. Antimicrobial peptides HPN1-3 and LL-37 are assessed in saliva by ELISA. Concentration of 30 cytokines is measured in saliva and GCF by human 30-plex panel, while bacterial profiles of saliva and subgingival plaque are assessed using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing., Results: There is no significant difference in salivary HPN1-3 and LL-37 concentration between the SCN patients and controls. At baseline, clinical, immunological, and microbiological parameters of the patients are indicative of oral ecological dysbiosis. The SCN patients have significantly higher bleeding on probing (BOP)%, GCF volume, and cytokine levels, high bacterial load with low bacterial diversity in saliva. The associations between the microbiome and immunological parameters in the SCN patients differ from those in the healthy individuals., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: SCN patients have a dysregulated immune response toward commensal oral microbiota, which could be responsible for the observed clinical and microbiological signs of dysbiosis., (© 2020 The Authors. PROTEOMICS - Clinical Applications published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.)

Background: Postural control allows performance of daily and sports activities. The previous studies show that postural sway inceases in orthopaedic injuries such as osteoarthritis and total knee arthroplasty., Objective: To compare postural sway, risk of falling and function between individuals with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFS)., Methods: This study included 22 subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome, age-matched pain-free 22 females serving as a control group. Visual anolog scale and Kujala were used to evaluate the pain. Posturographic assesment was performed by Tetrax posturographic device. Biering Modified Sorenson test for extensor endurance and sit-up test for flexor endurance were used for the evaluation of trunk endurance. Timed get-up and go test was used for lower extremity function. The Student's t Test was used to compare variables between the groups. The Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine correlation between the quantitative variables., Results: Postural sway included eyes open without pillow, eyes open on pillow, eyes closed on pillow, risk of falling, function and postural stabilization included flexor endurance, extansor endurance are impared in patient with patellofemoral pain syndrome when compare to controls. In subjects with PFPS increased postural sway significantly associated with body mass index (r= 0.52), pain duration (r= 0.43), postural control (extansor endurance) (r= -0.50) and risk of falling (r= 0.62) on pillow with open eyes. In addition we found function significantly related with postural control (extansor endurance and flexor endurance) (r= -0.59 and r= -0.59) and risk of falling (r= 0.77)CONCLUSIONS: Decreased neuromuscular control of the trunk core and increased postural sway and falling risk were found in patients with PFPS. Patients may be evaluated for deficits in postural control and falling risk before treatment.