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Background: The fitness of the rape leaf is closely related to its biomass and photosynthesis. The study of leaf traits is significant for improving rape leaf production and optimizing crop management. Canopy structure and individual leaf traits are the major indicators of quality during the rape seedling stage. Differences in canopy structure reflect the influence of environmental factors such as water, sunlight and nutrient supply. The traits of individual rape leaves traits indicate the growth period of the rape as well as its canopy shape., Results: We established a high-throughput stereo-imaging system for the reconstruction of the three-dimensional canopy structure of rape seedlings from which leaf area and plant height can be extracted. To evaluate the measurement accuracy of leaf area and plant height, 66 rape seedlings were randomly selected for automatic and destructive measurements. Compared with the manual measurements, the mean absolute percentage error of automatic leaf area and plant height measurements was 3.68 and 6.18%, respectively, and the squares of the correlation coefficients (R 2 ) were 0.984 and 0.845, respectively. Compared with the two-dimensional projective imaging method, the leaf area extracted using stereo-imaging was more accurate. In addition, a semi-automatic image analysis pipeline was developed to extract 19 individual leaf shape traits, including 11 scale-invariant traits, 3 inner cavity related traits, and 5 margin-related traits, from the images acquired by the stereo-imaging system. We used these quantified traits to classify rapes according to three different leaf shapes: mosaic-leaf, semi-mosaic-leaf, and round-leaf. Based on testing of 801 seedling rape samples, we found that the leave-one-out cross validation classification accuracy was 94.4, 95.6, and 94.8% for stepwise discriminant analysis, the support vector machine method and the random forest method, respectively., Conclusions: In this study, a nondestructive and high-throughput stereo-imaging system was developed to quantify canopy three-dimensional structure and individual leaf shape traits with improved accuracy, with implications for rape phenotyping, functional genomics, and breeding.

Purpose : Although local oncolytic viral therapy (OVT) may enhance tumor lysis, antigen release, and adaptive immune responses, systemic antitumor responses post-therapy are limited. Adoptive immunotherapy with autologous dendritic cells (DC) and cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) synergizes with systemic therapies. We hypothesized that OVT with Herpes Simplex Virus-granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (HSV-GM-CSF) would induce adaptive T cell responses that could be expanded systemically with sequential DC-CIK therapy. Patients and Methods : We performed a pilot study of intratumoral HSV-GM-CSF OVT followed by autologous DC-CIK cell therapy. In addition to safety and clinical endpoints, we monitored adaptive T cell responses by quantifying T cell receptor (TCR) populations in pre-oncolytic therapy, post-oncolytic therapy, and after DC-CIK therapy. Results : Nine patients with advanced malignancy were treated with OVT (OrienX010), of whom seven experienced stable disease (SD). Five of the OVT treated patients underwent leukapheresis, generation, and delivery of DC-CIKs, and two had SD, whereas three progressed. T cell receptor sequencing of TCR β sequences one month after OVT therapy demonstrates a dynamic TCR repertoire in response to OVT therapy in the majority of patients with the systematic expansion of multiple T cell clone populations following DC-CIK therapy. This treatment was well tolerated and long-term event free and overall survival was observed in six of the nine patients. Conclusions : Strategies inducing the local activation of tumor-specific immune responses can be combined with adoptive cellular therapies to expand the adaptive T cell responses systemically and further studies are warranted.

Background: The medicinal herb, Pinellia ternata, is purported to be an anti-emetic with analgesic and sedative effects. Alkaloids are the main biologically active compounds in P. ternata, especially ephedrine that is a phenylpropylamino alkaloid specifically produced by Ephedra and Catha edulis. However, how ephedrine is synthesized in plants is uncertain. Only the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and relevant genes in this pathway have been characterized. Genomic information of P. ternata is also unavailable., Results: We analyzed the transcriptome of the tuber of P. ternata with the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 sequencing platform. 66,813,052 high-quality reads were generated, and these reads were assembled de novo into 89,068 unigenes. Most known genes involved in benzoic acid biosynthesis were identified in the unigene dataset of P. ternata, and the expression patterns of some ephedrine biosynthesis-related genes were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Also, 14,468 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified from 12,000 unigenes. Twenty primer pairs for SSRs were randomly selected for the validation of their amplification effect., Conclusion: RNA-seq data was used for the first time to provide a comprehensive gene information on P. ternata at the transcriptional level. These data will advance molecular genetics in this valuable medicinal plant.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis infection in blood donors of Chinese Nanjing area, to strengthen control of blood quality and to provide the scientific evidence for working out the strategy of prevention and treatment of syphilis infection., Methods: Firstly the double antigen sandwich ELISA was carried out according to its instructions, test results showing positive will be examed by double orifice second-round., Results: A total of 362425 blood samples were collected from 2010 to 2014, among them 1277 positive samples were detected. The average rate of syphilis infection was 0.35％. The positive rates of different old years were statistically different（X(2)=265.679,P<0.001）, and the change trend of 5 years was statistically different(X(2)trend=237.928,P<0.001）. Among all age groups in the detection of treponema pallidema(TP), the most amount of positive samples and the lowest positive ratio 0.23% were found in the group 18 to 29 years old. The highest positive ratio was shown in age 50 years old and above. There was statistical different in all age groups(X(2)=361.620,P<0.001）. The positive ratio of the detection of TP was 0.32% in male donors which was lower than that in female donors(0.42%). There was statistical different in all sex groups(X(2)=24.659,P<0.001）. Peasant group had the highest positive ratio(1.07%) in the detection of TP and the student group had the lowest positive ratio(0.19%). There was statistical different in all occupation groups(X(2)=300.198,P<0.001）. Junior and under group had the highest positive ratio(0.59%) in the detection of TP and the undergraduates group has the lowest positive ratio(0.19%). There was statistical different in all education groups(X(2)=241.734,P<0.001）. Through chi-square test and trend test analysis showed that there was statistical different in sex, age, educational level and occupation differences. The tendency of the groups' statistics in 5 years is equally important., Conclusion: It is necessary to publicize blood donation information consultation scientifically before blood donation, especially for high-risk population. To ensure blood supply safety, it is important to recruit low-risk blood donors and develop permanent voluntary blood donors for reducing blood waste.

Background: Self-incompatibility (SI) is a widespread and important mating system that promotes outcrossing in plants. Erigeron breviscapus, a medicinal herb used widely in traditional Chinese medicine, is a self-incompatible species of Asteraceae. However, the genetic characteristics of SI responses in E. breviscapus remain largely unknown. To understand the possible mechanisms of E. breviscapus in response to SI, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis with capitulum of E. breviscapus after self- and cross-pollination, which may provide valuable information for analyzing the candidate SI-associated genes of E. breviscapus., Methods: Using a high-throughput next-generation sequencing (Illumina) approach, the transcriptionexpression profiling of the different genes of E. breviscapus were obtained, some results were verified by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR)., Results: After assembly, 63,485 gene models were obtained (average gene size 882 bp; N50 = 1485 bp), among which 38,540 unigenes (60.70% of total gene models) were annotated by comparisons with four public databases (Nr, Swiss-Prot, KEGG and COG): 38,338 unigenes (60.38% of total gene models) showed high homology with sequences in the Nr database. Differentially expressed genes were identified among the three cDNA libraries (non-, self- and cross-pollinated capitulum of E. breviscapus), and approximately 230 genes might be associated with SI responses. Several these genes were upregulated in self-pollinated capitulum but downregulated in cross-pollinated capitulum, such as SRLK (SRK-like) and its downstream signal factor, MLPK. qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression patterns of EbSRLK1 and EbSRLK3 genes were not closely related to SI of E. breviscapus., Conclusions: This work represents the first large-scale analysis of gene expression in the self-pollinated and cross-pollinated flowers of E. breviscapus. A larger number of notable genes potentially involved in SI responses showed differential expression, including genes playing crucial roles in cell-cell communication, signal transduction and the pollination process. We thus hypothesized that those genes showing differential expression and encoding critical regulators of SI responses, such as MLPK, ARC1, CaM, Exo70A1, MAP, SF21 and Nod, might affect SI responses in E. breviscapus. Taken together, our study provides a pool of SI-related genes in E. breviscapus and offers a valuable resource for elucidating the mechanisms of SI in Asteraceae.

Leaves are the plant's solar panel and food factory, and leaf traits are always key issues to investigate in plant research. Traditional methods for leaf trait measurement are time-consuming. In this work, an engineering prototype has been established for high-throughput leaf scoring (HLS) of a large number of Oryza sativa accessions. The mean absolute per cent of errors in traditional measurements versus HLS were below 5% for leaf number, area, shape, and colour. Moreover, HLS can measure up to 30 leaves per minute. To demonstrate the usefulness of HLS in dissecting the genetic bases of leaf traits, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for 29 leaf traits related to leaf size, shape, and colour at three growth stages using HLS on a panel of 533 rice accessions. Nine associated loci contained known leaf-related genes, such as Nal1 for controlling the leaf width. In addition, a total of 73, 123, and 177 new loci were detected for traits associated with leaf size, colour, and shape, respectively. In summary, after evaluating the performance with a large number of rice accessions, the combination of GWAS and high-throughput leaf phenotyping (HLS) has proven a valuable strategy to identify the genetic loci controlling rice leaf traits., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.)

Objective: To investigate the distribution of HCV genotypes in Chinese Han population with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)., Methods: This randomized multicenter study included 1 014 CHC patients from 28 hospitals in different regions of China. SPSS 20.0 was applied to analyze the relationship among region, HCV genotype, gender and the replication level of HCV-RNA., Results: HCV 1 genotype (56.80%) was the most common genotype. The majority of CHC patients were of genotype 1, 2, 3, 6 in the order of frequency, except those in southwestern, southern and central China. HCV 1, 2, 3, 6 genotypes were most common among male patients in southern China; among female patients in northern China; among male patients in northern and northwestern China and among male patients in northwestern China, respectively (all P <0.05). There was no statistical significance between different genders in other regions. The high viral load was more common than the low viral load among HCV 1, 2, 3, 6 genotype-infected patients., Conclusion: There are different distributions of HCV genotypes among the different regions. In addition, HCV genotypes are correlated with gender and HCV-RNA load.

Background: P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, called "Yesanqi" in Chinese, is a new variety of P. vietnamensis, which was first found in Jinping County, the southern part of Yunnan Province, China. Compared with other Panax plants, this species contains higher content of ocotillol-type saponin, majonoside R2. Despite the pharmacological importance of ocotillol-type saponins, little is known about their biosynthesis in plants. Hence, P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus is a suitable medicinal herbal plant species to study biosynthesis of ocotillol-type saponins. In addition, the available genomic information of this important herbal plant is lacking., Results: To investigate the P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus transcriptome, Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 sequencing platform was employed. We produced 114,703,210 clean reads, assembled into 126,758 unigenes, with an average length of 1,304 bp and N50 of 2,108 bp. Among these 126,758 unigenes, 85,214 unigenes (67.23%) were annotated based on the information available from the public databases. The transcripts encoding the known enzymes involved in triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis were identified in our Illumina dataset. A full-length cDNA of three Squalene epoxidase (SE) genes were obtained using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and the expression patterns of ten unigenes were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, 15 candidate cytochrome P450 genes and 17 candidate UDP-glycosyltransferase genes most likely to involve in triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis pathway were discovered from transcriptome sequencing of P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus. We further analyzed the data and found 21,320 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 30 primer pairs for SSRs were randomly selected for validation of the amplification and polymorphism in 13 P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus accessions. Meanwhile, five major triterpene saponins in roots of P. vietnamensis var. fuscidicus were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD)., Conclusions: The genomic resources generated from P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus provide new insights into the identification of putative genes involved in triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis pathway. This will facilitate our understanding of the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins at molecular level. The SSR markers identified and developed in this study show genetic diversity for this important crop and will contribute to marker-assisted breeding for P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus.

With homology cloning approaches coupling with RACE (rapid-amplification of cDNA ends) techniques, the full-length coding sequence of pathogenesis-related protein PR10-1 with differential expression was cloned from the total RNA of the root of Panax notoginseng, and its function was explored furtherly. As a result, the longest 465 bp ORF (named as PnPR10-1 with the Accession No. KJ741402 in GenBank) was detected from the cloned sequence with full-length of cDNA of 863 bp. The corresponding peptide encoded consisted of 155 amino acids, contained some domains such as Bet-v-I, and showed high similarity with that from Panax ginseng by analysis of phylogenetic trees created from the alignments. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of PnPR10-1 gene was constitutive in different tissues of 1-3 year old plant, suggesting that it might be involved in growth, development, and secondary metabolism; yet it was up-regulated significantly with the infection of Fusarium oxysporum in root, suggesting that it might be involved in defense against many diseases including root rot in P. notoginseng.

Background: There are few choices for treatment of advanced cancer patients who do not respond to or tolerate conventional anti-cancer treatments. Therefore this study aimed to deploy the benefits and clinical efficacy of continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions in such patients., Materials and Methods: A total of 381 infusions (from 67 advanced cases recruited) were included in this study. All patients underwent peripheral blood mononuclear cell apheresis for the following cellular therapy and dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells were expanded in vitro. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were quantified through flow cytometry to address the cellular immunity status. Clinical efficacy and physical activities were evaluated by RECIST criteria and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores respectively. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between cellular infusions and clinical benefits., Results: An average of 5.7±2.94x10(9) induced cells were infused each time and patients were exposed to 6 infusions. Cellular immunity was improved in that cytotoxic CD8+CD28+T lymphocytes were increased by 74% and suppressive CD8+CD28-T lymphocytes were elevated by 16% (p<0.05). Continuous infusion of dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells was associated with improvement of both patient status and cellular immunity. A median of six infusions were capable of reducing risk of progression by 70% (95%CI 0.10-0.91). Every elevation of one ECOG score corresponded to a 3.90-fold higher progression risk (p<0.05) and 1% increase of CD8+CD28- T cell proportion reflecting a 5% higher risk of progression (p<0.05)., Conclusions: In advanced cancer patients, continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions are capable of recovering cellular immunity, improving patient status and quality of life in those who are unresponsive to conventional cancer treatment.

Even as the study of plant genomics rapidly develops through the use of high-throughput sequencing techniques, traditional plant phenotyping lags far behind. Here we develop a high-throughput rice phenotyping facility (HRPF) to monitor 13 traditional agronomic traits and 2 newly defined traits during the rice growth period. Using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the 15 traits, we identify 141 associated loci, 25 of which contain known genes such as the Green Revolution semi-dwarf gene, SD1. Based on a performance evaluation of the HRPF and GWAS results, we demonstrate that high-throughput phenotyping has the potential to replace traditional phenotyping techniques and can provide valuable gene identification information. The combination of the multifunctional phenotyping tools HRPF and GWAS provides deep insights into the genetic architecture of important traits.

Objective: In order to establish new molecular markers and to design SSR primers,the SSR information was analyzed in the transcriptome of Pinellia ternata., Methods: The unigenes in transcriptome were filtered and then redundant sequences were removed by the tool of EST-trimmer and cross-match, respectively. Meanwhile, the non-redundant unigenes were examined by the tool of MISA., Results: 14,468 SSRs were found, and these SSRs were distributed in 12 000 unigenes in the examined sequences. Frequency of occurrences for SSRs was 16.24%, and density of distribution was on average 1/4.33 kb in the present study. Di-nucleotide and tri-nucleotide were the major repeated types,accounting for 51.15% and 41.50%, respectively. AG/CT and CCG/CGG were most frequent motifs in di-nucleotide and tri-nucleotide, accounting for 41.54% and 11. 84%, respectively. 87.14% motifs in the length ranged from 12 bp to 20 bp., Conclusion: The SSR site in the transcriptome of Pinellia ternata have the characteristics of high frequency of occurrences, type richness, high density and high potential of polymorphism, and these characteristics might be applied in the study on genetic diversity, marker-assisted breeding,and genetic map of Pinellia ternata.

This study was purposed to understand the infection of HBV, HCV, HIV among the voluntary blood donors and the epidemic trend in infectious population in Chinese Nanjing area, and to guide the mobilization and recruitment of blood donors. A total of 199777 whole blood samples of voluntary blood donors were tested by ELISA, the nucleic acid technology (NAT) combined detection (HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA, HIV-RNA) was added for detection of the samples with HBsAg,anti-HCV, anti-HIV at least unilateral negative donors from June 10, 2010 to June 9, 2013 years, and these statistic data were analyzed. Every HIV reactive sample(HIV-antibody and/or HIV-RNA) was sent to be confirmed in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Nanjing. The results showed that the voluntary donors' infection rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV were 0.45%, 0.28%, 0.11% respectively; NAT positive rate was 0.07%, 32 cases were confirmed with anti-HIV positive, in which 30 cases were male (6 cases were repeated blood donors) and 2 cases were female, 3 cases were unconfirmed, in which 2 cases were males and 1 case was female. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the difference of unqualitative rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV was statistically significant between the first-time and repeated blood donors.It is concluded that the positive rate of anti-HCV and anti-HIV displayed a declining trend year by year in Nanjing voluntary blood donation population from June 10,2010 to June 9, 2013 years. The unqualitative rate of HBsAg and NAT increased with the age increasing, while that of anti-HCV, anti-HIV decreased with age increasing. The unqualitative rate of the repeated blood donors is far lower than that of the first-time blood donors. The ELISA positive rate of anti-HIV testing in females is higher than that in males, but the confirmed positive rate of male is significantly higher than that of female. Therefore the consulting skills before donating should be improved, concerning the link of recruiting donors, focusing on strengthening the first-time donors' consultation, evaluating and developing the fixed voluntary blood donors, and vigorously popularizing NAT technology in blood screening to improve the blood safety effectively.

Background: Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. is a famous medicinal plant. Scutellarin and chlorogenic acids are the primary active components in this herb. However, the mechanisms of biosynthesis and regulation for scutellarin and chlorogenic acids in E. breviscapus are considerably unknown. In addition, genomic information of this herb is also unavailable., Principal Findings: Using Illumina sequencing on GAIIx platform, a total of 64,605,972 raw sequencing reads were generated and assembled into 73,092 non-redundant unigenes. Among them, 44,855 unigenes (61.37%) were annotated in the public databases Nr, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, and COG. The transcripts encoding the known enzymes involved in flavonoids and in chlorogenic acids biosynthesis were discovered in the Illumina dataset. Three candidate cytochrome P450 genes were discovered which might encode flavone 6-hydroase converting apigenin to scutellarein. Furthermore, 4 unigenes encoding the homologues of maize P1 (R2R3-MYB transcription factors) were defined, which might regulate the biosynthesis of scutellarin. Additionally, a total of 11,077 simple sequence repeat (SSR) were identified from 9,255 unigenes. Of SSRs, tri-nucleotide motifs were the most abundant motif. Thirty-six primer pairs for SSRs were randomly selected for validation of the amplification and polymorphism. The result revealed that 34 (94.40%) primer pairs were successfully amplified and 19 (52.78%) primer pairs exhibited polymorphisms., Conclusion: Using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, this study firstly provides abundant genomic data for E. breviscapus. The candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of scutellarin and chlorogenic acids were obtained in this study. Additionally, a plenty of genetic makers were generated by identification of SSRs, which is a powerful tool for molecular breeding and genetics applications in this herb.

Objective: The SSR information in the transcriptome of Erigeron breviscapus was analyzed in this study, in order to further develop new functional genes SSR markers laid a solid foundation., Method: SSR loci were searched in all of 52,060 unigenes by using est&#95;timmer. Perl program and SSR primers were designed by Primer3. Furthermore, 36 pairs of primers were randomly selected for the polymorphism analysis on 13 Erigeron breviscapus plants collected from different places., Result: A total of 3639 SSRs were found in the transcriptome of Erigeron breviscapus, distributed in 3260 unigenes with the distribution frequency of 6.99%. Di-nucleotide repeat was the main type, account for as much as 34.41% of all SSRs, followed by mono-nucleotide (31.41%) and tri-nucleotide repeat motif (28.08%). The di-nucleotide repeat motifs of AT/AT and AC/GT were the predominant repeat types (28.71%). The tri-nucleotide repeat motifs of AAT/AT was the predominant repeat types (7.94%). For validation the availability of those SSR primers, we randomly selected 36 pairs of primers for PCR amplification. Among them, 34 pair primers (94.44%) produced clear and reproductive bands, 19 pair primers showed polymorphism (52.78%), and 13 Erigeron breviscapus plants were divided into 2 groups., Conclusion: There are numerous SSRs in Erigeron breviscapus transcriptome with high frequency and various types, this will provide abundant candidate molecular markers for genetic diversity study and genetic map in this plant.

Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the key enzyme for folate metabolism. Previous studies suggest a relationship between its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of C677T and A1298C with a variety of tumor susceptibility including hematological malignancy. SNP frequency distribution in different ethnic populations might lead to differences in disease susceptibility. There has been little research in Chinese people on the MTHFR SNP with the susceptibility of the hematological malignancy. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between MTHFR SNPs and hematological malignancy in Jiangsu province in China., Methods: Gene microarray was used to detect MTHFR C677T and A1298C single nucleotide polymorphism loci on 157 healthy controls and 127 patients from Jiangsu province with hematological malignancies (30 with multiple myeloma, 28 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 22 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 40 with acute myeloid leukemia, and seven with chronic myeloid leukemia)., Results: The allele frequency of 677T was 41.3% in patients and 33.1% in controls, showed significant difference (chi2 = 4.08, p = 0.043); 677TT genotype with a high susceptibility to hematological malignancy (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.01 - 4.45, p = 0.041). In subgroup analyses, the genotypes 677TT and 1298CC were associated with significantly increased multiple myeloma risk (TT vs. CC: OR 8.92, 95% CI 1.06 - 75.24, p = 0.006; CC vs. AA: OR = 4.80, 95% CI 1.56 - 14.73, p = 0.044). No associations were found between polymorphisms and susceptibilities to acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma., Conclusions: MTHFRC677T polymorphisms influence the risk of hematological malignancy among the population in Jiangsu province. Both MTHFR 677TT and MTHFR 1298CC genotypes increase susceptibility to myeloid leukemia.

Biomass is an important component of the plant phenomics, and the existing methods for biomass estimation for individual plants are either destructive or lack accuracy. In this study, a hyperspectral imaging system was developed for the accurate prediction of the above-ground biomass of individual rice plants in the visible and near-infrared spectral region. First, the structure of the system and the influence of various parameters on the camera acquisition speed were established. Then the system was used to image 152 rice plants, which selected from the rice mini-core collection, in two stages, the tillering to elongation (T-E) stage and the booting to heading (B-H) stage. Several variables were extracted from the images. Following, linear stepwise regression analysis and 5-fold cross-validation were used to select effective variables for model construction and test the stability of the model, respectively. For the T-E stage, the R(2) value was 0.940 for the fresh weight (FW) and 0.935 for the dry weight (DW). For the B-H stage, the R(2) value was 0.891 for the FW and 0.783 for the DW. Moreover, estimations of the biomass using visible light images were also calculated. These comparisons showed that hyperspectral imaging performed better than the visible light imaging. Therefore, this study provides not only a stable hyperspectral imaging platform but also an accurate and nondestructive method for the prediction of biomass for individual rice plants.

Objective: To study the antagonism of Trichoderma spp. to fungi S9(Fusarium solani)which caused root rot of Sophora tonkinensis and discuss the further develop prospects of microbial biological control in soil-borne diseases on Chinese herbal medicines., Methods: Antagonism of H2 (Trichoderma harsianum), M6 (Trichoderma viride) and K1 (Trichoderma koningii) to Fusarium solani were researched by growth rate and confront culture. And their mechanisms were discussed., Results: H2 and M6 had obvious competitive advantage, the growth rate of which were 1.43-2.72 times and 1.43-1.95 times as S9 respectively. The space competitive advantage of K1 was relatively weak; the growth rate was slower than S9. The antagonism of three species of Trichoderma spp. to S9 was in varying degrees. The antagonism to S9 of M6 and H2 was better,the inhibition rate were 100% and 82.35% respectively, even cultivated S9 for three days in advance. And their inhibition indexes were both reached class I. The inhibition index and inhibition rate of K1 was respectively 46.36% and class IV. The Trichoderma spp. could cause S9 mycelium to appear some phenomenon just like fracture, constriction reduced, digestion, etc. which were observed under the microscope., Conclusion: Trichoderma harsianum and Trichoderma viride showed the further develop prospects in the fight against soil-borne disease on Chinese herbal medicines.

Objective: To study the mixed infection caused by meloidogyne and pathogenic fungi on Siraitia grosvenorii,the result can provide basis for controltion., Methods: The correlation of fungi, nematode with the disease was studied base on tissue-isolation, back-inoculation and morphological characters., Results: The species of root-knot nematode was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. The main pathogens were Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Verticillium alboatrum. The three fungis and their mixture can infect the tubers of Siraitia. grosvenorii, and the disease incidence was 57.14%, 38.10%, 47.62% and 71.43% respectively. Inoculation tests showed that the three pathogens and the root-knot nematode could cause mixed infection,, Conclusion: Meloidogyne and pathogenic fungi can infect Siraitia. grosvenorii together. The three pathogens and nematode should be controlled all together at the same time.

Objective: To identify the pathogens what caused of root rot, it can provide method of theoretical gist of integrated pest management of these kinds of diseases in the future., Methods: Pathogens from rotten root of Sophora tonkinensis were isolated by tissue isolation. Their morphological characteristics were observed and rDNA-ITS sequence were sequenced, then analyzed by Blast in GenBank., Results: Round colony in PDA medium. The aerial mycelium was thin, white, light gray and yellowish brown eustroma was on the surface of material. The surface of base material was flesh. Large number of small conidia ware oval, kidney-shaped, 8-16 microm x 2.5 -4 microm. And the large conidia just like Matt spore type, which had 3 to 5 septums. The length of rDNA-ITS of the fungi was 553 bp, which the ITS region sequences compared with the sequence of Fusarium solani (accession number: AB518683.1, AB470903.1, AB369488.1, AJ608989.1, GQ365154.1, EF152426.1), and Fusarium oxysporum (accession number: GQ922558.1, GQ922559.1, DQ452447.1) homology reached 99%., Conclusion: Combination of two identification methods,it arrived at the cause of root rot pathogen fungi was Fusarium solani.

The aim of this study was to set up a new method for 5, 10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyping, and to investigate the hereditary susceptibility of hematological malignancy. Prepared an aimed gene microarray based on cDNA microarray theory, dual-color fluorescence hybridization was used to detect SNP loci, and DNA sequencing was performed to confirm the results. The MTHFR C677T SNP loci of 157 controls and 127 patients with hematological malignancies (30 multiple myeloma, 28 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 22 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 40 acute myeloid leukemia, 7 chronic myeloid leukemia) from Jiangsu province were detected. The results showed that after overlapping, homozygous wild type, heterozygote type and homozygous mutant type yielded green, yellow and red fluorescence, respectively. DNA sequencing validated these results. The allele frequency of 677C and 677T in patients and controls were 58.7% and 66.9%, 41.3% and 33.1% respectively, showing statistically significant difference (chi2 = 4.077, P = 0.043). 677TT genotype showed a significantly higher risk of MM (OR = 4.21; 95% CI = 1.50 - 11.83; P = 0.006). It is concluded that this microarray-based method is accurate, high-throughput and inexpensive, suitable for SNP genotyping in a large number of individuals. C677T polymorphisms influence the risk of hematological malignancies. 677TT genotype is susceptive to MM.