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In this paper, definition of natural resources was discussed at first, and chief characteristics of natural resources were concluded and summarized systematically. Then, in point of eco-ethics, relationship between natural resources and human was discussed. Human in the contemporary era should hold the responsibilities and commitments to remain abundant resources for survival and development of the offspring, and it is the same important to meet the requirement of human in the contemporary era and the offspring. Bringing eco-ethics into the practice of protection, exploitation, and sustainable development of natural resources has very important theoretic and practical significance undoubtedly. Therefore, approaches and main measures to sustainable development of natural resources were also discussed in this paper.

Riparian zone is an important component of small forested watershed. Due to the integrate effects of stream water and edge effect, there are obvious difference in composition, structure, and distribution pattern between riparian community and non-riparian community. Community minimum sampling areas are also different. In this study, minimum sampling areas of riparian community in original broad-leaved and Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain were studied by using species-area curve. At the same time, species richness of riparian community was discussed. The results showed that the minimum sampling areas of riparian plant community were smaller than those of the non-riparian community. According to the original broad-leaved and Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain, the average community minimum sampling areas in riparian zone of three plots including 60%, 80%, and 90% of community species were about 80 m2, 180 m2, and 320 m2, respectively. And then, those of forest community were about 260 m2, 380 m2, and 480 m2 correspondingly. The results also showed that the species richness of riparian community was higher than that of non-riparian community.

Ecosystem is the basic unit to maintain human environment. Ecosystem function mainly includes two aspects: ecosystem service function and goods function. These two functions are the basis for human living and development. Ecosystem health is the presupposition of ecosystem function. The completeness (structure and function), resilience, stability, and sustainability are the characteristics of ecosystem health. Ecosystem health assessment selects the indicator based on the ecosystem structure and function, including completeness, suitability, and effectiveness of ecosystem. Ecosystem health assessment mainly has two methods: one is indicator species assessment, and the other is structure and function index assessment which includes single index assessment, complex index assessment, and index system assessment which includes natural index system assessment and social-economic-natural index system assessment. In this paper, different assessment methods on ecosystem health are compared, and different health assessment method for different ecosystem types are also expatriated.

With the litterbag method, the decomposition of leaf of 4 tree species growing in riparian forest in a headwater stream was investigated in 90 d consecutively in Xangxi River catchment. The results showed that the loss rate of dry weight of leaf differed among 4 species. The loss rate of dry weight of Pterocarya insignis and Cercidiphyllum japonicum was 77% and 71%, and shat of Fagus engleriana and Cyclobalanopsis multinervis was 43% and 42%. Using exponential equation, the loss process of dry weight of leaf was modeled. According to the value of constant k, 4 species could be divide into to fast group and medium group. The invertebrate was also collected, and there were 22 species, belong to 3 classes, 6 orders, and 21 families. The quantity of invertebrate differed in each tree species litterbag and different periods. The invertebrate was rich in number and small in body during early time of leaf decomposing, and it was less in number and big in body during middle and late time of decomposing.