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INTRODUCTION THE last 10 years have witnessed a very rapid rise in egg production in Japan. In 1957 there were an estimated 30 million laying hens. In 1967 this number had risen to 90 million. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Japanese government estimated the 1967 per capita intake of eggs per day was 27.5 grams. This would be the equivalent of approximately 185 large eggs per year. Such a rapid expansion in production and consumption would imply many changes in marketing. Much of the breeding stock used in Japan for egg production originates in the United States and Canada. The feedstuffs used there come from many countries with the United States and Canada being major suppliers. Egg handling and processing equipment and supplies also come in part from outside Japan. Everyone connected with these aspects of the Japanese egg industry should be concerned about the level of…

1. Within the first 4 h following administration of growth hormone to hypophysectomized rats, increased incorporation of 14C from precursor [14C]orotic acid into cytoplasmic messenger and ribosomal RNA was observed. The polysome pattern also had increased RNA labeling 4 h following administration of the hormone. 2. Using a discontinuous sucrose gradient, labeled 40-S and 65-S particles were concentrated at the 0.5–1.8 M sucrose interface (“R” fraction). These particles of the “R” fraction were further separated by centrifugation through a 5–20 % linear sucrose gradient. Isolation of the labeled RNA from the 40-S and 65-S particles 30–40 min after [3H]orotic acid injection revealed the presence of 18-S and 23-S RNA, respectively. The RNA labeled in the “R” fraction had a higher specific activity than the RNA obtained from the polysome fraction. 30 min after isotope injection the label in the “R” fraction occurred predominantly in the 40-S and 65-S particles and accounted for the increased specific activity over that observed in the polysome fraction. 3. 4 h after growth hormone administration, increased labeling of both the 40-S and 65-S particles by [3H]orotic acid was observed. The increased incorporation into these particles was presumably the result of increased labeling of both messenger and ribosomal RNA.

Synphilin-1 is an α-synuclein binding protein that is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. The present study investigated the phospholipid-binding capacity of Synphilin-1. The C-terminus of Synphilin-1 was found to selectively bind to acidic phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylglycerol, but not to naturally charged phospholipids. Synphilin-1 was targeted to cytoplasmic lipid droplets in mammalian cells. The amino acid sequence 610–640 was found to represent the primary determinant site for phospholipid binding. Moreover, the R621C mutation identified in Parkinson’s disease abolished Synphilin-1 association with lipid droplets. The lipophilicity of Synphilin-1 might prove relevant to its physiologic function.

This study focused on the Edo city and the basin of the Tokyo bay in the late 19th century. Edo is the former name of Tokyo, Japan, and was the central political city in the Edo period, which was from 1603 to 1868. In 1603 the Shogunate Government of Edo was formed, and the Edo period was ruled through a feudal system for all of its 265 years. Edo had over one million populations and high levels of consumption at the end of the Edo period, however, it is thought that the water environment of the city area and the Tokyo bay basin was unpolluted, and various and abundant marine resources had existed at that time. The reason is that the sustainable society was realized by means of the human wastes recycling system in the Edo society. In this study, we try to make a quantitative analysis of the "Edo system" from the viewpoint of the socio-economic and environmental aspects.

The prostaglandin F (PGF) concentration of the uterus (shell gland) of the hen oviduct, measured by a radioimmunoassay, was found to increase slightly 6 h before oviposition and steeply immediately after oviposition. An intravenous injection of arginine vasotocin (AVT) caused the increase in the uterine PGF concentration and induced oviposition. When indomethacin was injected before the injection of AVT, the uterine PGF concentration was not increased, and the incidence of oviposition was reduced. Estrogen injection caused an increase in the uterine PGF concentration at 1 and 2 h after injection. Specific binding of the estrogen receptor of the uterine tissue increased 9 and 7 h before oviposition. The slight increase in the uterine PGF concentration 6 h before oviposition may be due to the action of estrogen via its receptor, and the steep increase immediately after oviposition may be caused by AVT released at the time of oviposition.

For steels and related ferrous alloys containing pearlite, the precise microstructural characterization of pearlite is of great importance since it significantly contributes to the mechanical properties of the material. The yield strength of pearlite depends on its interlamellar spacing. Refining that spacing entails an increase in strength which follows a HallPetch type relation [1,2]. Beyond the contribution of the interlamellar spacing, the strength of pearlite was reported to depend as well on the prior austenite grain size and on the pearlite colony size although these effects were considered to be small [3]. In contrast to these findings Ray and Mondal [4] observed that the strength of pearlite in hypoeutectoid steels does not follow a Hall-Petch type relation. They reported that the strength of pearlite in the hypoeutectoid steels varied considerably even when the interlamellar spacings in the pearlite colonies are almost constant. They attributed that variation in the strength of the pearlite in the hypoeutectoid steels to the influence of hydrostatic stresses exerted by the presence of proeutectoid ferrite in the material. Besides the morphological parameters such as interlamellar spacing, prior austenite grain size, and pearlite colony size, other microstructural factors such as the amount of elements in solid solution and the dislocation density in the ferrite have been commonly taken into account when evaluating the strength of pearlite. The influence of the substructure and of the crystallographic texture of the pearlite, however, have not been sufficiently considered in that context yet. The contributions of these influencing factors were up to now only evaluated on the basis of regression analysis by which possible scattering of the strength of the pearlite constituents due to the presence of microstructural heterogeneities was simply averaged over the whole pearlite volume rather than studied in detail. It is a common observation though that the lamellar structure in a pearlite colony is not always homogeneous, but rather contains various types of substructures even in the astransformed state. Puttick [5] has identified several kinds of growth faults in the lamellae of the pearlite colonies. These include linear discontinuities in the cementite lamellae; branched crystallization; deviations of lamellar orientation; rod-like growth; and growth of round cementite inclusions. Bramfitt and Marder [6] have also studied the substructural faults of pearlite colonies. They showed that areas with higher dislocation densities and extended dislocation substructures in the pearlitic ferrite were sometimes associated Investigation of Orientation Gradients in Pearlite in Hypoeutectoid Steel by use of Orientation Imaging Microscopy

Intentional early rehabilitation with mechanical ventilation in ICUs is performed in clinical settings. However, strict indexes for safe rehabilitation have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to analyze ventilator response (VR) between healthy volunteers and patients with mechanical ventilation.