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International audience; IntroductionAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a significant disease burden in France, where alcohol use is deeply rooted in culture. However, the treatment gap is large because of several barriers, including stigmatisation and drinkers' apprehension about total abstinence. However, standardised and evidence-based interventions based on controlled-drinking for people with AUD are lacking. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a novel community-based French therapeutic patient education (TPE) program for people with AUD named Choizitaconso.MethodsA before-after non-randomised quasi-experimental study, named ETHER, was designed and implemented with people living with AUD, over a period of 6 months. The primary outcome was percentage change in the number of alcohol-related harms experienced. Secondary outcomes were percentage changes in psycho-social patient-reported and community-validated outcomes. Participants in the intervention group (n = 34) benefited from the 10-week TPE program Choizitaconso, while the comparison group (n = 58) received standard care. The Kruskall–Wallis and chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare before-after changes in variables in both groups. Linear regression models were used to test for the effect of study group on each outcome and to test for the effect of alcohol consumption as a confounder.ResultsAt 6 months, all outcomes but one either remained stable or numerically improved in both groups. Internalised stigma significantly improved in the intervention group (p = 0.026) but not in the comparison group (p = 0.207), with a significant group effect (p = 0.014).Discussion and ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Choizitaconso TPE program on community-validated outcomes, especially internalised stigma.

International audience; La vida y la obra del celebérrimo pintor Pablo Ruiz Picasso están estrechamente vinculadas, como ha demostrado la crítica tras haber abordado su producción desde diferentes puntos de vista. El suicidio de su amigo Carles Casagemas fue el detonante del llamado “período azul”, primera gran etapa dentro del recorrido artístico del malagueño en la que se enfrenta el dibujante Tyto Alba en la novela gráfica La Vida, de 2016. En este estudio, analizaré de qué manera la novela gráfica permite arrojar luz, no solo sobre la historia de una amistad a través de una documentación nutrida acerca de Picasso y Casagemas, sino que, además, por medio de la intermedialidad, el cómic se convierte el vehículo de la pintura picassiana y testimonio gráfico de la bohemia finisecular francoespañola vivida por los dos artistas.

International audience; Pleistocene archaeology records the changing behaviour and capacities of early hominins. These behavioural changes, for example, to stone tools, are commonly linked to environmental constraints. It has been argued that, in earlier times, multiple activities of everyday life were all uniformly conducted at the same spot. The separation of focused activities across different localities, which indicates a degree of planning, according to this mindset characterizes later hominins since only 500,000 years ago. Simbiro III level C, in the upper Awash valley of Ethiopia, allows us to test this assumption in its assemblage of stone tools made only with obsidian, dated to more than 1.2 million years (Myr) old. Here we first reconstruct the palaeoenvironment, showing that the landscape was seasonally flooded. Following the deposition of an accumulation of obsidian cobbles by a meandering river, hominins began to exploit these in new ways, producing large tools with sharp cutting edges. We show through statistical analysis that this was a focused activity, that very standardized handaxes were produced and that this was a stone-tool workshop. We argue that at Simbiro III, hominins were doing much more than simply reacting to environmental changes; they were taking advantage of new opportunities, and developing new techniques and new skills according to them.

International audience; Interest in environment, society, and governance (ESG) issues has increased in accordance with the growth of ESG-related investment in Japan. Until recently, however, interest remained low in this country, which is unexpected, since Japanese firms have been characterized by stakeholder-oriented corporate governance. Thus, this study examined how Japanese firms address ESG issues, focusing on the corporate governance structure comprised of internally promoted managers, foreign shareholders, and independent directors. Using corporate-level raw data from 1522 listed firms from 2009 to 2016, this study shows that both internal managers and foreign shareholders promote ESG engagement from the consideration of corporate performance, whereas independent directors promote it from the consideration of stakeholder interests. Our empirical research exhibits that independent directors in Japanese firms have a dual function to represent shareholder and stakeholder interests.; L'intérêt pour les questions d'environnement, de société et de gouvernance (ESG) s'est accru au Japon, parallèlement à la croissance des investissements liés à l'ESG. Jusqu'à récemment, cependant, l'intérêt est resté faible dans ce pays. Ce qui est un peu inattendu, puisque les entreprises japonaises ont été caractérisées par une gouvernance d'entreprise orientée vers les parties prenantes. Cette étude a donc examiné comment les entreprises japonaises abordent les questions ESG, en se concentrant sur la structure de gouvernance d'entreprise composée de dirigeants promus en interne, d'actionnaires étrangers et d'administrateurs indépendants. En utilisant les micro-données brutes emanant de 1522 entreprises cotées entre 2009 et 2016, cette étude montre que les managers internes et les actionnaires étrangers encouragent l'engagement ESG en tenant compte de la performance de l'entreprise, alors que les administrateurs indépendants le font en tenant compte des intérêts des parties prenantes. Notre recherche empirique montre que les administrateurs indépendants des entreprises japonaises ont une double fonction de représentation des intérêts des actionnaires et des parties prenantes.Traduit avec www.DeepL.com/Translator (version gratuite)

Published online: 10 Jan 2023; International audience; This introduction discusses responses to ethno-racial discrimination in a hostile political environment, colour-blind France. The article presents the current characteristics of the French case, including data measuring ethnoracial discrimination. We outline the on-going role of state institutions and their agents in disqualifying minority claims, but also the recent turn against Islam and the hostility towards new movements against structural racism. We discuss how colour-blindness constrains both local policies and movements. We examine the consequences for individuals that experience discrimination and the collectives that fight against it. We highlight the various strategies that they adopt such as discretion, infrapolitical mobilization as well as tactical re-framing.

International audience; There is a gap in the literature for how organizational and individual factors affect teachers’ adjustment. This study, focused on teachers, attempts to fill this lack by examining the extents to which psychological need satisfaction acts as a mediator between organizational justice, resilience, and teachers’ adjustment to work. We based this study on the predictive model of psychological health at work (Boudrias et al., 2011), psychological adjustment theory (Dawis & Lofquist, 1984), and self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2017) which argue that individuals have a sense of well-being at work if it promotes the satisfaction of their needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. We tested our model in the education sector. Using a cross-sectional design, we asked French teachers (N = 393) to fill in a one-step self-report questionnaire. Mediation analyses showed that satisfaction of the three needs played a mediating role between organizational justice and job adjustment, and between resilience and job adjustment.; Il existe une lacune dans la littérature sur la façon dont les facteurs organisationnels et individuels affectent l'adaptation des enseignants. Cette étude, centrée sur les enseignants, tente de combler cette lacune en examinant dans quelle mesure la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques agit comme médiateur entre la justice organisationnelle, la résilience et l'adaptation/mesadaptation au travail des enseignants. Nous avons basé cette étude sur le modèle prédictif de la santé psychologique au travail (Boudrias et al., 2011), la théorie de l'ajustement psychologique (Dawis & Lofquist, 1984), et la théorie de l'autodétermination (Ryan & Deci, 2017) qui soutiennent que les individus ont un sentiment de bien-être au travail si celui-ci favorise la satisfaction de leurs besoins d'autonomie, de compétence, et de relation. Nous avons testé notre modèle dans le secteur de l'éducation. En utilisant un modèle transversal, nous avons demandé à des enseignants français (N = 393) de remplir un questionnaire d'auto-évaluation en une étape. Les analyses de médiation ont montré que la satisfaction des trois besoins jouait un rôle médiateur entre la justice organisationnelle et l'adaptation au travail, et entre la résilience et l'adaptation au travail.

International audience; This study explores the relations between the International Statistical Institute (ISI) and Turkey during the early republican period. It investigates the ISI’s influence in Turkish statistical reform from the mid- to late-1920s through a Belgian expert who led this reform and conducted the Turkish Republic’s first population census. The study proposes to consider the ISI as an international authority and expert space for the negotiation of conventions of quantification, which contributed to the formation of an international statistical system. Focusing on the case of Turkey in the process of modernization and nation-building during the 1920s, it analyses how this international framework structured national quantification policies outside the Western world, and what this meant for state organization and social order.

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International audience; BackgroundPolarized debates about Covid-19 vaccination and vaccine mandates for healthcare workers (HCWs) challenge Belgian HCWs ability to discuss Covid-19 vaccine sentiments with peers and patients. Although studies have identified drivers of HCWs vaccine hesitancy, they do not include effects of workplace interactions and have not addressed consequences beyond vaccine coverage.MethodsInterviews and focus group discussions with 74 HCWs practicing in Belgium addressed Covid-19 vaccine sentiments and experiences of discussing vaccination with peers and patients.ResultsMost participating HCWs reported difficulties discussing Covid-19 vaccination with peers and patients. Unvaccinated HCWs often feared that expressing their vaccine sentiments might upset patients or peers and that they would be suspended. Consequently, they used social cues to evaluate others’ openness to vaccine-skeptical discourses and avoided discussing vaccines. Surprisingly, some vaccine-confident HCWs hid their vaccine sentiments to avoid peer and patient conflicts. Both vaccinated and unvaccinated HCWs observed that unvaccinated patients occasionally received suboptimal care. Suboptimal care was central in unvaccinated HCW unwillingness to express their vaccine sentiments to peers. Both vaccinated and unvaccinated HCWs described loss of trust and ruptured social relations with peers and patients holding divergent vaccine sentiments.DiscussionBelgian HCW perceived Covid-19 vaccines as a risky discussion topic and engaged in “strategic silences” around vaccination to maintain functional work relationships and employment in health institutions. Loss of trust between HCW and peers or patients, along with suboptimal patient care based on vaccination status, threaten to weaken Belgium’s, and by implication, other health systems, and to catalyze preventable disease outbreaks.

International audience; Uncertainty in inherent to every aspects of medical practice. As the concept of uncertainty in healthcare is still to explore, deciphering the determinants and the roots of this uncertainty would benefit from the insights of various disciplines, such as epistemology, sociology, mathematics, or philosophy. The urgent need to improve physician's ability to cope with uncertainty, has been recently highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, the concept of uncertainty tolerance has been proposed, and could serve as a relevant basis for approaching uncertainty, in medical education. Thus, we propose at first to discuss the uncertainty tolerance framework from Hillen et al. Then, from an educational perspective, we outline some avenues regarding how uncertainty tolerance could be thought, in a competence-based approach, and discuss several educational activities, which have proven efficient in promoting uncertainty tolerance among medical practitioners abroad.

International audience; As part of New Caledonia's process of negotiated decolonization, the Noumea Agreement has explored the path to a new model of sovereignty, recognizing that the sovereignty of the Kanak people is a prerequisite for the founding of a "new sovereignty, shared in a common destiny". In the aftermath of the third referendum on the transfer of the last sovereign powers (12 December 2021), it seems important to analyse the emergence of this "shared sovereignty" and to question its content and its links with the notions of "decolonization" and "independence". Then, following on from earlier work, we review the hypothesis of an emerging “islandian” sovereignty in New Caledonia and conclude by assessing the progress of the decolonization process. The originality of our approach lies in its multidisciplinary nature, combining law, politics and economics.

Globally, robots can be described as some sets of moving parts that are dedicated to a task while using their own energy. Yet, humans commonly qualify those machines as being intelligent, autonomous or being able to learn, know, feel, make decisions, etc. Is it merely a way of talking or does it mean that robots could eventually be more than a complex set of moving parts? On the one hand, the language of robotics allows multiple interpretations (leading sometimes to misreading or confusion in various contexts). On the other hand, the status of robots is challenged more and more by technical achievements and humans’ own empirical beliefs. In this paper, we follow a linguistic approach in order to explore the relevance of these words when talking about robots. Since we note that the words impose themselves (even if opposed), we discuss the efficiency of a rhetorical strategy in order to work with such a lexicon in robotics. More precisely, we explore the argumentative technique of the dissociation of notions through the study of a practical case: the case of robot lawn mowers versus hedgehogs.

Based on an ethnosemiotic study of two concerts broadcast in livestream in 2019 and 2020 by the Indochine music band, we observe how fans express themselves about live performances and how they document them on Twitter and Instagram. Through the analysis of their publications and comments, we study which images of these concerts are published, “redocumentarized”, and what meaning and emotions are carried in these publications. The two platforms are places for sharing opinions and emotions. They show that the live experience is lived by anticipation and by extension, and that logics of collection coexist with self-visibility and promotion of the beloved artists.; À partir d’une étude ethnosémiotique de deux concerts diffusés en livestream en 2019 et 2020 par le groupe Indochine, nous observons sur Twitter et Instagram comment les fans s’expriment à propos des live et de quelle manière ils les documentent. À travers l’analyse de leurs publications et commentaires, il s’agit d’étudier quelles images de ces concerts sont publiées, « redocumentarisées », et de quels sens et émotions les fans investissent ces publications. Les deux plateformes sont des lieux de partage d’opinions et d’émotions, mais permettent également à l’expérience live de se vivre par anticipation et par extension, et donnent à voir la coexistence de logiques de collection et de mise en visibilité de soi et des artistes.

International audience; Artworks in museums are presented to visitors generally through the sense of sight, it is forbidden to touch them because these objects are considered fragile or their size does not allow them to be touched. An inclusive approach becomes a priority so that these works of art are accessible to all. Some figures are not easy to describe in words but can be depicted tactilely, while colors and shadows can’t be understood by touch but these details and the emotions induced can be evoked with audio description. By using our F2T force feedback tablet, the audio description of an element in a painting can be reinforced and supplemented. We propose a new inclusive approach to the discovery of works of art combining inclusive audio description with the movements of the user's finger on the F2T tablet, while giving the possibility of free and interactive tactile exploration.

International audience; Dans une perspective néo-institutionnaliste centrée sur la transformation des normes de l’action collective et l’articulation entre externalités et entrepreneur institutionnel, cet article s’efforce de comprendre le rôle des tiers-lieux dans le processus de régénération territoriale. Il s’agit d’analyser le processus de transition d’une ville administrative à une ville productive. Nous menons une étude de cas sur la petite ville de Digne-les-Bains en France en déployant un processus méthodologique participatif et un dispositif d’évaluation conçus comme un levier encapacitant pour les acteurs du territoire. Nous montrons le rôle central des interactions et des coopérations sur un territoire, les effets des tiers-lieux résidant moins dans leurs outputs (leurs effets directs et quantifiables) que dans leurs externalités. Ces externalités sont autant de leviers des processus de transition.

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International audience; This article follows the activities of two initiatives seeking to improve living conditions of migrants in Germany. In their attempts to foster collective livability, both rely on ingenious assemblages of food, people, material objects, and their individual and collective affordances. Central in these assemblages are technological solutions the initiatives have devised to overcome the obstacles newcomers face: One uses food bikes that bypass social, physical, and bureaucratic hurdles, whereas the other employs a shipping container with a built-in kitchen that travels across Germany, leaving behind communities that cook together. We explore how material agencies operate and matter in the pursuance of convivial contexts that favor social inclusion, the latter seen as an ongoing socio-material accomplishment constituted as human and nonhuman actors interact in the world.

En considérant le vagabondage comme une déviance, au sens de Howard S.~Becker, cet article s'intéresse à l'usage du délit de vagabondage pour réprimer les déviances urbaines au xixe~siècle. L'étude des sources judiciaires et policières d'une agglomération moyenne, la ville d'Amiens, permet de suivre isolément certains cas, durant les années 1830 et 1840. Appara\ⁱt alors un ensemble de marginaux urbains, sans domicile fixe et pourtant presque sédentaires, car fortement liés à une ville en particulier. Les modes de sociabilité vagabonde, les étapes constitutives de ces carrières déviantes et les formes de résistance et d'adaptation à la répression de ce qui demeure avant tout un délit sont ici éclairés. Finalement, en dépeignant leur quotidien, cet article brosse un portrait de ces marginaux du xixe~siècle, à rebours des représentations traditionnelles de l'errant rural ou du clochard parisien.

International audience; Cet article pose un regard monographique sur le principal opérateur du détachement dans l’agriculture provençale : l’entreprise de travail temporaire espagnole (ett) Campo Verde [1]. Ce faisant, il propose une analyse du fonctionnement de la prestation de services internationale dans un secteur dit « en tension », fonctionnement qui repose sur l’articulation de trois logiques d’action distinctes mais complémentaires : une logique de stock, qui conduit l’ett à mobiliser une infrastructure logistique de transport et d'hébergement pour créer dans le pays où est fournie la prestation un excédent de main-d'œuvre détachée disponible et en attente ; une logique de flux, basée sur les principes de convocabilité et de révocabilité de l’intérimaire, qui font de celui-ci un ouvrier mobile et discipliné, susceptible d’être déplacé « juste-à-temps » d’un chantier à un autre, en fonction de la demande des entreprises utilisatrices ; et une logique de fidélisation des meilleurs éléments et d’accumulation du temps de travail par les salariés détachés, liée à leur trajectoire de migrants extracommunautaires et au fait que le travail agricole réalisé en France, faiblement rémunéré, soit sous-déclaré en Espagne. L’article est issu d’une recherche collective menée au sein du projet Frontières, im-mobilisation et néolibéralisme en temps de Covid dans l’agriculture (finca) [2]. Il repose sur l’exploitation d’un matériau riche et diversifié comprenant des données statistiques (base de données du système d’information sur les prestations de services internationales [sipsi]), des archives judiciaires, des entretiens semi-directifs et des observations participantes réalisées au sein du Collectif de défense des travailleurs agricoles étrangers (codetras).

International audience; L’approche multisectorielle du dossier permet de comparer la manière dont le recours aux détachés — qui est certes lié à une forme d’organisation du travail à flux tendu —, s’explique par, et est propre à, chaque procès de travail. C’est d’ailleurs là tout l’intérêt d’aborder le détachement avec les outils de la sociologie du travail et la méthode des études de cas. Cette dimension comparative est également présente en matière d’échelle d’analyse.

International audience; Pour ma recherche doctorale, j’ai exploré le rapport de certains coordonnateurs d’ULIS collège (unité localisée pour l’inclusion scolaire) à leurs propres pratiques professionnelles en France. Dans le cadre du projet nationale pour une école inclusive, les coordonnateurs d’ULIS sont des enseignants spécialisés qui proposent un enseignement adapté auprès des élèves reconnus en situation de handicap et mettent en œuvre le PPS (projet personnalisé de scolarisation), conçu pour chacun d’entre eux, en collaboration étroite avec les autres enseignants et acteurs du médico-social. À partir d’une approche clinique d'orientation psychanalytique en sciences de l’éducation et de la formation, j’ai souhaité explorer comment les enseignants spécialisés occupant cette fonction complexe vivaient leur métier sur le plan psychique. Dans cette perspective, j’ai mené des entretiens cliniques de recherche avec quatre professionnels. Ici, j’expose le dispositif d’analyse des entretiens mis en place dans l’après-coup et la place particulière de l’écriture comme une modalité d’élaboration psychique. Inspiré des travaux de T. Ogden (1994, 2005), le terme « écrire-rêver » désigne la rêverie sous-tendant le processus d’écriture dans ce dispositif, qui permet la représentabilité du lien interviewer-interviewé en rapport avec la pratique professionnelle. Pour illustrer ce propos, je présente l’analyse d’un seul entretien avec un coordonnateur, en restituant le chemin qui m’a amené à l'hypothèse de l’actualisation d’une réalité « inrêvée » (Ogden, 2005) dans l’entretien en rapport avec son lien aux autres enseignants du collège.

International audience; In anthropology, a rite of passage is a process voluntarily initiated to allow an individual or a group move through a difficult stage of transformation. The liminal period is the intermediate stage of this process (Van Gennep, 1909). The idea of liminality has been widely used in the social sciences and in management. However, although it initially had a strong operational dimension for carrying out a transformation, it has become a simple concept describing the situation of individuals who are disoriented and sidelined. Nonetheless, organizational management needs operational tools to facilitate the integration of individuals during transition phases. This article seeks to understand how rituals can facilitate the integration process of liminal individuals. We study a case of ritual of passage within a highly ritualized non-religious organization: a Masonic lodge. We identify several mechanisms, activated through the ritual, that help to integrate liminal individuals. We analyze them through the ventriloquial perspective of communication, borrowed from the theory called Communicative Constitution of Organization (CCO). The results show that the ritual favors (1) the integration of individuals by reducing the ambiguity of the liminal situation, (2) the affirmation of a temporality, (3) the alignment of individual and collective objectives, (4) the recognition of otherness, (5) the lesser hierarchization of individuals, (6) the reduction of hyper-subjectivity, (7) the use of declarative statements, and (8) the rise in authority. We discuss the discrepancies between these results and works on liminality in management and the possible transposition of these mechanisms to various organizations.; En anthropologie, un rituel de passage est un processus enclenché volontairement pour permettre à un individu ou un groupe de franchir une étape de transformation difficile. La période liminaire est l’étape intermédiaire de ce processus (Van Gennep, 1909). L’idée de liminalité a été largement mobilisée en sciences sociales et en management. Mais, alors qu’initialement elle présentait une dimension opérationnelle forte pour mener à bien une transformation, elle est devenue un simple concept décrivant la situation d’individus désorientés et mis à l’écart. Le management des organisations a pourtant besoin d’outils opérationnels pour faciliter l’intégration d’individus lors de phases de transition. Cet article cherche à comprendre comment les rituels peuvent favoriser le processus d’intégration des individus liminaires. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé l’étude d’un cas de rituel de passage, au sein d’une organisation non religieuse très ritualisée : une loge maçonnique. Nous avons identifié plusieurs mécanismes, actionnés au travers du rituel, et agissant sur l’intégration des individus liminaires. Nous les avons analysés grâce à la mobilisation d’une perspective ventriloque de la communication, empruntée à la théorie dite Communicative Constitution of Organization (CCO). Les résultats montrent que le rituel favorise l’intégration des individus par la réduction de l’ambiguïté de la situation liminaire, l’affirmation d’une temporalité, l’alignement des objectifs individuels et collectifs, la reconnaissance de l’altérité, la moindre hiérarchisation des individus, la réduction de l’hypersubjectivité, le recours à des déclaratifs et des montées en autorité. Nous discutons les écarts entre ces résultats et certains travaux sur la liminalité en management ainsi que la possible transposition de ces mécanismes à des organisations diverses.

International audience; This article presents the method and results of a new multispectral imaging process, developed by Lumiere Technology, to facilitate easier and more complete reading of palimpsest manuscripts. To demonstrate the advantages of this technique, the team used the oldest surviving manuscript of Strabo, copied at the end of the fifth century and provenant from the Abbey of Grottaferrata, most of the folios of which are now preserved in the Vatican Library (Vat. gr. 2061. pt. A, Vat. gr. 2306). The importance of this manuscript for the establishment of Strabo's text is briefly explained, as is the history of transcriptions made from these folios by Wolfgang Aly and François Lasserre during the twentieth century.

Preprint de l'article publié le 06/12/2022 dans la revue "Ñawpa Pacha - Journal of the Institute of Andean Studies (Berkeley)", URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00776297.2022.2136305; International audience; The Quebrada de Morohuasi (Salta Province, Argentina), located in a semi-arid high-altitude environment, is known to host vast pre-Hispanic cultivation areas. Recent archaeological studies carried out in the agricultural area of Morohuasi allow for a better definition and understanding of the social and productive dynamics that took place there. Field records and AMS dating indicate two main productive phases that were discontinuous in time. These show an initial phase during the Formative Period, between the 1st and 4th centuries CE, during which the agricultural substratum was formed, and a final phase during the first decades of the 15th century CE that was related to the establishment of an agricultural colony under the control of the Inkas. Although the same cultivation plots were utilized during both phases, the mode and relations of production were substantially different, particularly in the second phase with the participation of contingents of mitmaqkunas brought from other regions.; Ubicada en un ambiente semiárido de altura, la Quebrada de Morohuasi (Salta, Argentina) es conocida por albergar vastas áreas de cultivo prehispánicas. Los recientes estudios arqueológicos realizados en el área agrícola de Morohuasi permiten una mejor definición y comprensión de las dinámicas sociales y productivas que allí se dieron. Los registros de campo y las dataciones AMS realizadas indican dos fases productivas principales discontinuas en el tiempo. Una fase inicial durante el Período Formativo, entre los siglos I y IV CE, en la cual se conforma el sustrato agrícola, y una fase final durante las primeras décadas del siglo XV CE, relacionada con el establecimiento de una colonia agrícola bajo control de los inkas. Si durante ambas fases se cultivaron las mismas parcelas, el modo y las relaciones de producción fueron sustancialmente distintas, destacándose particularmente en la segunda la participación de contingentes de mitmaqkunas llevados desde otras regiones.

International audience

International audience; En ayant recours à des outils et méthodes de cartographie de réseau et d’analyse sémantique, cet article explore comment la revue Sciences Sociales et Santé s’inscrit dans l’espace des sciences sociales de la santé, et plus largement des sciences sociales. À partir d’un corpus d’articles publiés dans Sciences Sociales et Santé entre 1994 et 2021, l’article identifie, d’une part, les horizons disciplinaires qui alimentent la production de la revue depuis 30 ans et met en relief, d’autre part, des thématiques de prédilection présentes ou passées et leur prévalence relative. Ces analyses confirment et prolongent celles réalisées à l’occasion des précédents numéros anniversaires de la revue. L’analyse thématique des trente dernières années de production de la revue montre qu’elle est restée fidèle au cœur de son projet : rendre compte – via un regard pluridisciplinaire – des multiples débats portant sur la santé et ses enjeux de société.

International audience; Psychoanalysis is today faced, clinically and conceptually, with extremes of violence and forced exile, creating a need to rethink clinical work with patients whose life has been marked by disaster. In work with foreign patients, difficulty in speaking about trauma is sometimes attributed to a linguistic barrier; however, the experience of terror can in any situation whatever be expressed only with difficulty. Cultural differences must not be ignored, but the clinician must find a way to facilitate speech in a subject experiencing a state of dread. Speaking cannot be forced. Offering a pres-ence in which the analyst accepts being the recipient of what is unbearable and recognizes the subject’s current state of chaos is essential in establish-ing or mobilizing transference in work with patients subject to unlinking. This can initiate a transformation of the trauma, as is shown in two clinical vignettes of refugee patients in France who were victims of terror in their countries of origin. The approach discussed here differs from the earlier ethnopsychiatric method, which would reduce these others to exotic envelopes of their culture, independent of their subjectivity

In a world faced with growing instability and inequality, food supply is a constant challenge for governments and societies. Beyond concrete organizational aspects, two fundamental issues are at stake: the strategic control of flows and the geographical and social relations operating within supply systems. This article focuses on the complementary approaches commonly adopted to address this question, rarely studied in recent years. By closely associating the field of resources and power, it shows that food supply is not simply a technical question of price, volumes and flows, but depends ultimately on the relations between different types of actors – governments, businesses, communities, trade networks, etc. – thus becoming a truly political issue. We observe that under certain authoritarian regimes (Gulf States, Latin America), the organizing state remains ever-present, while outside times of crisis (sub-Saharan Africa), there is greater scope for developing more informal dynamics. Dans un monde d’instabilités et d’inégalités croissantes, l’approvisionnement alimentaire apparaît comme un défi permanent pour les gouvernants et pour les sociétés. Au-delà de ses modalités pratiques d’organisation, il renvoie à deux enjeux fondamentaux : celui de la maîtrise stratégique des flux et celui des liens géographiques et sociaux au sein des systèmes d’approvisionnement. Cet article introductif insiste sur les complémentarités des approches couramment mobilisées pour aborder cette question, récemment peu étudiée. En associant, de manière étroite, le champ des ressources et des pouvoirs, il rappelle combien la fourniture de denrées n’est pas seulement une question technique de prix, de volumes et de flux, mais dépend in fine des relations établies entre différents types d’acteurs : États, entreprises, collectivités, réseaux marchands… On constate que, dans certains contextes autoritaires (pays du Golfe, Amérique latine), la présence de l’État-organisateur reste incontournable, tandis que, hors crise (Afrique subsaharienne), une plus large place est laissée à des dynamiques plus informelles. En un mundo de inestabilidades y desigualdades crecientes, el aprovisionamiento alimentario aparece como un desafío permanente para los gobernantes y las sociedades. Más allá de sus modalidades prácticas de organización, remite a dos desafíos fundamentales: el control estratégico de los flujos y de los vínculos geográficos y sociales en el seno de los sistemas de aprovisionamiento. Este artículo introductorio insiste en las complementariedades de los enfoques empleados habitualmente para abordar esta cuestión, poco estudiada en tiempos recientes. Asociando estrechamente el ámbito de los recursos y el de los poderes, recuerda en qué medida el suministro de bienes no es únicamente una cuestión técnica de precios, volúmenes y flujos sino que depende, en última instancia, de las relaciones establecidas entre diferentes tipos de actores: Estados, empresas, colectividades, redes de mercados, etc. Se constata que, en ciertos contextos autoritarios (países del golfo Pérsico, América Latina…), la presencia del Estado-organizador resulta ineludible mientras que, fuera de los contextos de crisis (África subsahariana), se deja más espacio a dinámicas más informales.

RésuméL'on considère, selon une interprétation largement soutenue, que nous assistons dans la Méditation première à une montée en puissance du doute reposant sur une efficacité croissante des raisons de douter. Nous suggérons ici que nous pouvons défendre une lecture déflationniste du doute des Méditations en ce que la succession des arguments sceptiques utilisés par Descartes accuse une courbe d'efficacité décroissante. Cette lecture n'est bien évidemment pas sans conséquences, évoquées en conclusion, sur l'interprétation de l'exercice même du doute et, plus fondamentalement, de la doctrine cartésienne de la connaissance.

Ecological farming, such as organic and low-input farming, is gaining popularity in the public discourse. One question is how this type of farming may impact farm labour from a socio- economic point of view. The article first discusses how low-input farming practices (i.e. with lower reliance on inputs derived from fossil fuels) may affect the economic returns to labour, measured as the farm’s revenue per hour of labour input, on data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in 2004-2015 for four European countries. Returns to labour appear to be highest at the two extremes – very low-input farms and highly intensive farms. Farms in the low-input end of the spectrum are in the minority, while the overwhelming majority of farms are intensive and have internal economic incentives to intensify further. The article also analyses how working conditions differ between organic and conventional dairy farms in two European countries based on interviews with farmers in 2019. Results show that all dimensions of working conditions are affected by being an organic farm or not, but this is not the only factor. There are many influences on working conditions, such as the production context and workforce composition.

International audience; Dans une dernière période de sa vie de chercheur Jean-Pierre Poitou porte son attention sur une anthropologie des connaissances. Bien que faisant écho aux orientations politiques des pays de l’OCDE annonçant une « société de la connaissance » en fin des années 1990, cette attention s’inscrit dans une pratique intellectuelle très élaborée, qui associe un large éventail de sciences humaines et sociales à une connaissance très fine des techniques industrielles et de l’informatique alors en plein développement.Ce chapitre se concentre sur les derniers écrits consacrés à l’anthropologie des connaissances, en incluant l’ouvrage de 1989 sur la fresque historique de la CAO. On insiste sur la précocité des analyses de l’auteur en matière de rationalisation des savoirs et des savoir-faire dans l’industrie à partir du milieu du XXème siècle. On prend appui sur trois textes de l’auteur qui constituent trois axes majeurs de sa réflexion : l’émergence d’une industrie du logiciel, qui devient centrale dans la rationalisation des savoirs industriels (ouvrage 30 ans de CAO en France) ; la réhabilitation de la place et du rôle de la technique dans les dynamiques socioéconomiques (La gestion des connaissances, comme condition et résultat de l’activité industrielle) ; la nécessaire anthropologie des connaissances pour comprendre la domination du discours cognitiviste dans cette rationalisation (Des techniques de gestion des connaissances à l'anthropologie des connaissances).

International audience; The Saint-Maurice residence in Cairo fully illustrates the reuse of Islamic architectural elements during the 19th century. Built between 1875-1879, it was dismantled in 1937. The decorative elements are certainly those of the current French Embassy in Cairo. If the multiform documentation is large, the information on the building remains incomplete. Our work toward a 3D restitution tends to demonstrate that these technologies are particularly suitable for understanding and validating multiple and fragmentary data for architectural studies. For this purpose, photographic and 3D data were acquired on-site (including ceilings and doors at the French Embassy) and compared with surveys or even old photographs and lithographs. 3D modeling based on these elements leads to a renewed visualization of the volumes, as well as the outbreak of architectural and structural inconsistencies (plans of an older state) which made it possible to refine the restitution hypotheses. The confrontation of documents with a 3D restitution has provided some answers. The acquired ceiling of the "grand salon", when placed back in the 3D model, demonstrates that the current dimensions are similar to the original ones. The other dimensions of the building are now more validated by adjustments as close as possible to all the documents. This leads to discard certain plans which appear to be architectural preliminary blueprints prior to the residence built. Enriched by hyperspectral images, this work has shown a posteriori that the origins of architectural ornaments, particularly ceramics, may be more diversified than expected. This research constitutes an essential milestone in a better understanding of the Islamic reuses of this building. However, remains to better characterize the origin of the ceramics and the appearance of the painted and sculpted decorations of the Saint-Maurice Residence in order to be able to compare it with the existing visual documents.

International audience; Aussi loin que l’on remonte dans l’histoire des sociétés lettrées, le désir de posséder et de se constituer une bibliothèque a fasciné l’imaginaire des hommes. Loin de disparaitre, l’idée de « faire bibliothèque » séduit encore aujourd’hui. Défiant tout paradoxe, les réseaux sociaux comme Youtube, Instagram, mais aussi TikTok, fondés sur l’image animée et le son, ont intégré en leur sein ces lieux pourtant silencieux et immobiles que sont les bibliothèques. ? Dans une société où les jeunes semblent depuis des années moins attirés par la lecture, d’où vient ce regain d’intérêt de « faire bibliothèque » ? Par ailleurs, qui sont ces boulimiques du livre qui divulguent au plus grand nombre des codices fraîchement publiés ?

International audience

International audience; Taking a place in Activity-Based Flexible-Office (ABFO) means making choices. In the ABFO model, workplaces are not assigned and each worker is free to choose where they wishes to work. The choice of a workplace is made through placement criterias, which at first sight seem to indicate individual needs difficult to link to the concept of activity. In this text we propose to question certain placement criteria collected from observations and interviews conducted during a thesis. The aim is to link them with a collective dimension. On the basis of the placement criteria, we can finally grasp the link between the worker as an individual and their relationship with others through encounters in different collectives. Collectives with different forms and functions allowing the worker a dialogical relationship in their activity enabling them to answer questions that they cannot resolve alone.; S’installer dans un bureau en flex-office suppose de faire des choix. Dans le modèle du flex-office les places de travail ne sont pas attitrées et chaque travailleur est libre de s’installer où il le souhaite. Le choix d’une place de travail s’opère via des critères d’installation, qui à première vue, nous semble indiquer des besoins individuels difficiles de rattacher à l’activité. Dans ce texte nous proposons de questionner certains critères d’installation recueillis à partir d’observations et d’entretiens menés durant un travail de thèse. L’objectif est de les mettre en lien avec une dimension collective. À partir des critères d’installation, nous pouvons finalement nous saisir du lien entre le travailleur en tant qu’individu et son rapport à autrui à travers la rencontre dans différents collectifs. Collectifs aux formes et aux fonctions différentes permettant au travailleur un rapport dialogique dans l’activité lui permettant de répondre à des questions qu’il ne peut résoudre seul.

National audience

International audience; To contribute to the sustainable management of the coastal fishing in the future Marine Protected Area (MPA) of “Taza” (Algeria, SW Mediterranean), the aim of this study was to evaluate the Local Knowledge (LK) of fishers operating near the forthcoming MPA and to understand their conservation-oriented attitudes. Data were collected through interviews and participatory mapping. To this end, 30 face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted between June and September 2017 with fishers, collecting socioeconomic, biological, and ecological information in the fishing harbor of Ziama (Jijel, NE Algeria). The case study focuses on both professional and recreational coastal fisheries. This fishing harbor is located in the eastern part of the Gulf of Béjaia, a Bay located within the area of this future MPA, but outside its boundaries. Based on fishers' LK, cartography of fishing grounds within the MPA perimeter was obtained, while the perceived healthy bottom habitats and polluted areas in the Gulf were mapped by the use of a hard copy map. The results show that fishers present detailed knowledge that is consistent with literature about different target species and their breeding seasons, showing awareness about the reserve effects ‘spillover’ in enhancing local fisheries. Overall, the fishers noted that the good management of the MPA relies on limiting trawling in coastal areas and avoiding land-based pollution within the Gulf. Some of such management measures are already included in the proposed zoning plan, but lack of enforcement is a perceived constraint. Given the gap observed between the two shores of the Mediterranean Sea in terms of both financial resources and MPA coverage, the use of local knowledge system (e.g., fishers' LK and their perceptions) can enable the implementation of a cost-effective method to encourage the creation of new MPAs in the Southern shore for more ecological representativeness systems of MPAs at a Mediterranean scale. Therefore, this work offers management opportunities that may be used for addressing the lack of scientific knowledge in managing coastal fishing and valuing MPAs in Southern Mediterranean low-income countries characterized by a data-poor context.

International audience

FNEGE 3, HCERES B, ABS 2; International audience; The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic augmented the propensity for fake news globally. Today, over 90% of the global population depends on the internet for information. However, there is an enormous difference in fake news propensity in different countries. Thus, one must understand what factors influence the propensity for fake news during the COVID-19 crisis. Leveraging prior literature on fake news, the authors theorize the relationship between human and economic development and fake news propensity within nations. They analyzed the proposed model on a dataset generated from 104 countries. The research finds that a level of human development did not affect a nation's fake news propensity, while a higher level of economic development curbed its fake news propensity. This research extends prior IS research on fake news at the macro level and aims to better inform governments and policymakers in designing future crisis-proof policies to curb fake news.

International audience

International audience

International audience; Cet article, inscrit notamment dans une approche d’archéologie des médias, analyse les spécificités de l’émergence d’un nouveau média, la plateforme de streaming musicale, à partir d’une comparaison avec la radio musicale, en prenant deux exemples français : Deezer et FIP. La comparaison s’appuie sur la notion de stockage et l’agencement du stockage avec le flux. Ce rapport entre flux et stockage permet d’expliciter le mouvement de convergence entre fournisseurs de flux musicaux et d’interroger la distinction entre ces deux logiques, qui tend à se brouiller en régime numérique.

International audience; The French Yellow Vest (YV) movement was born out of the opposition to an increase in carbon taxation. It has therefore been conventionally depicted as an anti-environmental protest. This article challenges this view, based on a review of scholarship on YVs and on the environmental values, actions and mobilizations of underprivileged citizens. We start with an overview of the studies available on the YVs’ characteristics and their relationship to ecology and draw on different large-N data to show that YVs are on average similar to the French general population, with low levels of environmental concerns, a distance from “institutional environmentalism”. The coexistence of an ecological block and an anti-ecological block within the movement is not peculiar to YVs. We recall how carbon taxes generate right-wing contestation resisting taxation in general, but also opposition from left-wing activists concerned with social justice and/or the climate crisis. Local interactions with environmentalist mobilizations result in spatial variations and changes over time in YVs’ environmental attitudes. Finally, we emphasize the varieties of environmentalism among dominated social groups. The conclusion derives lessons on the drivers of contestation of climate policy and draws avenues for further research.

This paper addresses how the realizations of different constitutive components of Twitter complaints shape the perception of these complaints by other customers. We present three experiments on French language in which we test how customer complaint perception is impacted by the realization of the complainable (Exp. 1), of the entity responsible for the complainable (Exp. 2), and of the customer’s wish for the complainable to be remedied (Exp. 3). The results of Exp. 1 indicate that the perceived likelihood that the complaint will be responded to by the company is highest when the complainable is realized as a combination of an assertion + question + picture. In Exp. 2, we found that, in comparison with the use of the discourse marker dites to refer to the entity responsible for the complainable, the use of a noun phrase or the absence of this component increases perceived politeness. Finally, our data from Exp. 3 reveal that, compared to the use of an imperative to voice the customer’s wish for the complainable to be remedied, “indirect” request forms, and preparatory interrogatives, in particular, are perceived as more polite, as expressing lower dissatisfaction, and as decreasing the likelihood of a response from the company.

International audience; Plan : - Vers un modèle de santé de plus en plus intégré- Enquêter sur les centres de santé et les permanences d’accès aux soins- L’importance de l’échelon territorial local dans l’analyse- Politiques publiques de santé : l’enjeu de la « responsabilité populationnelle »- Le défi de l’intégration sociale

International audience; BACKGROUND: The diverse and complex variations in the possible forms of health-work interactions are constantly reconfigured over the course of a person’s career. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were: 1) assess the scope of the individual changes in working conditions; 2) examine conjoint changes in working conditions; 3) examine the links between these changes and back pain and fatigue. METHOD: Analyses were conducted using data from the French observatory EVREST. The variations for each individual (close to 8,000 in total) were studied by comparing data for each individual obtained at two dates at least four years apart within the period between 2010 and 2017. RESULTS: The frequency of the studied constraints was often similar at two dates (T1 and T2), but significantly higher for repetitive movements, working additional hours and interruptions which disrupt the work. The variations in physical constraints, intensity of work and lack of agency scores between the two timepoints are two-by-two positively correlated. Finally, respondents in the higher tertiles for any of these working condition scores at T2 had a higher probability of back pain or fatigue, compared to individuals in the lower tertiles at both timepoints. Being in a higher tertile at both dates corresponded to the highest odds-ratios for health complaints. CONCLUSION: From a “sustainability” perspective, these findings support treating this diversity of seniority in a profession and past experience at the same time as major decisions on production are made, rather than dealing with it as an afterthought.

International audience

International audience