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The calculation technique of industrial cascade separators based on experimental and analytical research process methods for air fractionation of bulk materials is considered. The main technological factors and process defining parameters used in calculation of separator design are presented. It is shown that for the design of an industrial separator, it is necessary to find a relationship between the initial granulometric distribution and the fractional requirements for the finished product from the concentration of the material flow and the air flow velocity to the complete cross-section of the separator. The experiment results of material flow concentration influence on division efficiency for various cascade separator constructions are given. Mathematical relationship of the air flow rate through the apparatus on the separation boundary and bulk concentration is proposed. The correlation of these parameters with the constructive sizes of the separator is shown. The initial particle size distribution of bulk, the set restrictions for fractional characteristics of the received powder and the approximating equations of fractional extraction function of fineness narrow classes in a large or small product based on experimental data are used for calculation of the equipment.

The current standards for the effective pore diameter in geotextile materials both in Russia and in other countries have been determined by the techniques using natural sands of certain composition. However, particles that fall into geotextiles from railway ballast differ in form from natural sands. Thus, the existing requirements for the diameter of geotextile filtration passages need to be corrected. The calculation methodology for determining the possibility of colmated layers in sands is described. The requirements for the size of geotextile filtration passages preventing them from colmatage and ensuring the preservation of their filtration properties within the required limits throughout the standard service life are presented. In case of non-compliance with the requirements for sands, colmated layers will occur in them, which will lead in pumping.

The article is devoted to assessing the impact of the technological depressurization of the powdered material dispenser on the work of the cascading pneumatic separator. The results of laboratory tests are presented. The article states that the magnitude of effectiveness and the separation boundary of powdered materials are reduced when working with a depressurized dispenser. The mathematical model of the cascading separator and the results of the computer experiment are presented. The article presents the dependence of the quantity of the product and the content of fine particle classes in the finished material on the amount of relative air flow through the powdered dispenser of the initial product. The change in the granulometric composition of the enriched quartz sand received is shown, depending on the amount of relative air consumption through the powdered dispenser at a fixed air velocity through the upper part of the separator. It was found that the maximum relative speed of air flow through the powder dispenser should be no more than 10–15 %.

An annotated checklist of 212 species belonging to 56 genera of the 11 subfamilies in 3 families of leaf beetles from Omsk Province, West Siberia, is provided. 135 species are recorded for the region for the first time. Records of 201 species are documented by the collection material; the rest are based on the literature data. The distribution of Oulema melanopus, Cryptocephalus solivagus, C. bameuli, and Pachybrachis fimbriolatus and the absence of their sibling species in the region are reported.

The development of the stress-strain state of the soil mass, represented by argillite-like clays and sandstones, at the base of bored end-bearing piles is examined. A method is developed for conducting experimental studies. Stamp tests showing the load-settlement relation were performed and three phases of development of the stress-strain state were identified. Recommendations are formulated for designing bases comprised of argillite-like clays and sandstones.

A stepwise mechanism for the isomerization of n-pentane into 2-methylbutane on a bifunctional palladium-containing mordenite catalyst is proposed and a corresponding kinetic model is built. Kinetic experiments are performed in a flow catalytic reactor. During the experiments, the reactor pressure varied from 10 to 30 atm, the reactor temperature varied from 603 to 640 K, and the hydrogen/n-pentane molar ratio varied from 2 to 10. The contact time (the ratio of the catalyst weight to the mass flow rate of the raw material) varied from 0.5 to 2 h. From the data of the kinetic experiment, the kinetic constants of the model and the constants of the distribution density of the observation errors are estimated by the maximum likelihood (ML) method. A sequential design of the kinetic experiment is implemented in order to precisely estimate the model constants and the kinetic model allowing us to predict the experimental results with an accuracy exceeding that of the starting experiments. The model is shown to be adequate for the experimental data obtained.

The article presents the data on the prevalence of tuberculosis in the penitentiary units in the countries of the WHO European Region compared to theRussian Federation.It lists factors providing an impact on the risk of the disease and notification rate of tuberculosis cases in prisons.Monitoring of tuberculosis in the penitentiary units is described including the formation of notification rates and treatment outcomes. It presents information on the comparatively high quality of tuberculosis monitoring in the penitentiary units of theRussian Federation.Potential causes of differences between the incidence of tuberculosis in different countries of the WHO European Region are analyzed.

Subject: the “load”-“deformation” dependence and phases of the stress-strain state of claystones and sandstones. Research objectives: perform stamp and pressuremeter tests, analyze results of field tests and create recommendations for the design and calculation of foundations on claystones and sandstones. Materials and methods: in this article the field methods of testing of claystones and sandstones are considered. Stamp and pressuremeter tests were performed, the “load - settlement” dependence was obtained and phases of the stress-state for claystone and sandstone were identified. The design strength of the soil for the drill pile buried in claystones and sandstones by more than 0.5 m was determined. Results of field tests are processed by mathematical statistics methods in accordance with GOST 20522-2012. The obtained results are analyzed and compared with the previous results of tests on foundations. Results: the scientific novelty of this work consists in revealing the regularities in the formation of the stress-strain state in claystones and sandstones under the action of the load in various directions. The deformation mode and development of phases of the stress-strain state in claystones and sandstones differ significantly from modern clays and sands. In 58 % of the stamp tests, the loss of the bearing capacity of the base, composed of claystones and sandstones, was observed only after reaching the load of 3.0 MPa. In 19 % of the stamp tests, the deformations sharply increased already at the load level of 0.6…2.2 MPa, which is characteristic of less stable varieties of claystones and sandstones. In 23 % of the experiments, the vertical deformations of sandstones and claystones had a linear character for the entire “load”-“settlement” graph and the phase of soil bearing capacity loss was not achieved. A similar picture was observed when performing pressuremeter tests: the phase of bearing capacity loss was not achieved for claystones at a maximum horizontal pressure of 0.85 MPa and for sandstones - at a maximum horizontal pressure of 1.0 MPa, and the deformations of the soil were predominantly linear, which is typical for compaction phase and phase of local shears. Conclusions: claystones and sandstones have high values of design strength and can be a reliable low-compressible base for buildings and constructions with loads from 0.2 to 0.3 MPa. Calculations can be made using the theory of a linearly deformed soil when designing the foundations of buildings and constructions on claystones and sandstones. However, it should be taken into account that this observation is valid for one-time loading, since claystones and sandstones have residual deformations associated with the destruction of cementation bonds between soil particles. It is rational to use in calculations of foundations on claystones and sandstones the values of the strength parameters of the soil obtained in laboratory or field tests with soaking, taking into account the possible deterioration of the properties of these soils.

Aim. To reveal the specifics of arterial hypertension (AH) development under the circumstances of penitentiary stress.Material and methods. Totally, 107 patients included, among the persons first time imprisoned, comparable by age and gender — almost healthy young males 25-36 y. o. The relation studied, of psychological test and 24-hour blood pressure (BP) profile and Holter ECG, as heart rate variablity, in three groups of participants formed depending on the duration of imprisonment.Results. It was found that psychoemotional state during the first month of imprisonment is characterized by a high level of situational, personality anxiety with predominant depressive symptomatic. This is followed by heart conduction and rhythm pathology. With the time of imprisonment, level of anxiety and depression declines. Also, heart rhythm variability analysis shows significant decrease of value of LF (%) and predomination of VLF (%) in the wave spectrum. The parameters of 24-hour BP show a significant increase of BP at later periods of imprisonment. Daytime BP level shows direct relation with the parameter “duration of imprisonment”, and nocurnal BP — with the level of situational anxiety.Conclusion. Under the circumstances of penitentiary stress, one of the revealed mechanism of AH development is weakening of sympathetic modulation of vegetative innervation of the heart and decline of baroreflectory sensitivity. Increase of the duration of imprisonment and of the level of situational anxiety are the specific factors of penitentiary circumstances that influence AH development in young clinically healthy men.

A stage six-path mechanism for the reaction of n-hexane hydroisomerization on a BEA Pt-zeolite catalyst has been proposed. The mass flow rate of n-hexane in the feed stream varies in the range of 0.7−2.8 h−1; the mole ratio of hydrogen to the n-hexane range of 2.7–14.6; the reactor temperature falls in the range from 453 to 573 K; and the gas flow pressure varies in the range of 1.0–10.0 atm. Thirty experiments have been carried out. In the product stream, the concentrations of n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, propane, C1-alkanes, and C2-alkanes are analyzed by gas chromatography. A kinetic model has been constructed for the six-path mechanism of the reaction of n-hexane hydroisomerization, which contains 15 kinetic constants. Based on the results of laboratory experiments, the kinetic constants of the model have been estimated by the method of nonlinear least squares. The model has been shown to correspond with the experiment in the selected field of experimentation.

In focus is waste management—utilization of screenings after volcanic rock crushing at broken stone production plants. The authors formulate causes of increased production of screenings and their poor utilization. The composition and properties of screenings of granite, gabbro and hornblendite are determined. High content of dust particles limits the use of screenings in production of concrete and mortar. It is proposed to remove dust from screenings by pneumatic treatment. The test data on air separation of screenings by cross-flow classifier are reported. The efficiency of dry processing of screenings is checked in tests of treated sand behavior in composition of heavy concrete. It is shown that treated sand enhances strength of concrete.

The kinetics of the isomerization of cyclohexane to methylcyclopentane on Pd-mordenite catalyst in a flow reactor has been studied. In the experiments, parameters such as the volumetric flow rate of the feedstock, the component composition of the feed gas (cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, hydrogen), and the temperature and pressure in the reactor have been varied. The concentrations of hydrogen, cyclohexane, and methylcyclopentane in the feed gas have been determined. A stepwise reaction mechanism of cyclohexane isomerization has been suggested. A kinetic model that contains the direct constant of the limiting stage rate and the combination of equilibrium constants of the fast stages in a set for estimating the constants has been built. An additional precision (improving) experiment has shown that the model constants are estimated with a high accuracy. A predictive ability of the model under experimental conditions has been proved to be high.

Significant mortality due to oncological diseases as a whole, and oncohematological diseases in particular, motivates scientific and medical community to develop new treatment methods. One of the newest methods is adoptive cell therapy using patient’s own T-cells modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) to tumor-specific antigens. Despite high cost and side effects of treatment, promising clinical trials even in patients with advanced disease allow to anticipate successful use of this method in clinical practice. The article includes a review of the main principles of this technique, published results of clinical studies of CAR T-cells with a focus on CD19 gene targeting, complications of this therapy, mechanisms of tumor resistance to CAR T-cells, and potential ways to overcome it.

The article presents a clinical observation of two patients with generalized sarcoidosis. The woman typical granulomatous changes in the lungs and lymph nodes combined with atrial fibrillation, kidney failure and hereditary thrombophilia, men with atherosclerotic coronary arteries, re-myocardial infarction, cholestasis, tubulointerstitial nephritis. The accession of systemic manifestations was accompanied by increase of level of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the blood serum, morphological examination of lung tissue in both cases there were high histological activity of vasculitis and granulomatous inflammation. Extrapulmonary symptoms regressed when conducting immunosuppressive therapy. Discusses modern aspects of diagnosis of sarcoidosis in clinical practice.

The results of a clinical study showing the importance of surfactant proteins A and D in assessing the activity and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic lung sarcoidosis are presented. Aim. To study the clinical significance of SP-A, SP-D in assessing the activity of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis. We examined 81 patients with morphologically confirmed diagnoses of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ILF) and sarcoidosis, a control group of 20 healthy individuals. The MSCT of the thoracic organs of the chest was performed, the diffusivity of the lungs was examined, oxygen saturation was determined. In the serum, the surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. A significant increase in SP-A and SP-D (p

Pile foundations are among the most common types of deep foundations. Predicting their draft is a fairly standard engineering goal. There are many techniques for this. Many methods for determining the settlement of piles are based on various empirical relationships. In particular, the cone penetration test allows you to determine the settlement and bearing capacity of a pile using the developed empirical dependencies. However, some models must be used to develop such correlations. This study proposes to use a slightly different approach. Instead of using a pile model and a set of empirical dependencies, it is suggested to use machine learning methods. Artificial neural networks are one of the machine learning methods. The article presents a description of the development of a neural network that allows estimating pile settlement using data from the CPT test.

The scientific research presents a control and measuring method for assessing the condition of patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis. The methodology was developed using a point-based method for assessing indicators. The studied parameters were grouped into 4 clusters (anamnestic data, comorbid diseases, clinical data, laboratory studies). The metrological support of anamnestic data and clinical data was considered in particular detail. The approbation of the technique was carried out on patients who are kept in institutions of the penal system. The applicability has been proven using the methods of systems analysis (correlation, regression and analysis of variance data).

The paper considers the melted material level determining problem in the recuperative furnace bath melter in technological process automated control system for the basalt mineral fiber production. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use a visual level measurement system based on the analysis and processing of the melt boundary image. A block diagram of the visual level measurement system developed by the authors is presented, and an algorithm for determining the melt level using a modified Sobel edge detection method is proposed.

The article describes the computational complex designed for large-scale mathematical modeling and optimization of intra-quarter thermal regimes heating networks. Developed software allows to manage all users of thermal energy and carry out its accounting. On its basis, a strictly analytical system of targeted budget subsidies to individual consumers of thermal energy can be built, taking into account the social norms of housing, the estimated and actual power of heating devices, the location of the apartment in the house and the state of its enclosing structures. The article concludes about the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical modeling method in the organization and effective management of ensuring energy saving in the design of heating networks.

The study presents an analysis and the possibility of applying machine learning methods to automate the technological process of drinking water deodorization. One of the most actual and popular machine learning methods today is the use of artificial neural networks. Possible neural network structures, activation functions and the number of neural connections were described. The relevance of the introduction of these methods into the system of water management is described.

A comparison is made of estimated settling values for a single pile, obtained using numerical (using the PLAXIS 2D software package) and analytical methods per SP 24.13330.2011, as well as with the results of field experiments.

The study presents the stages of developing a HIV prognosis model in inmates. Correlation data analysis and regression modeling were used to develop the model. It was estimated that the developed model gives the best results for patients under the age of 40 years. On the obtained results there were developed an information system and a computer program. The study results application will help to predict correctly the HIV severity and to take timely treatment measures.

The article considers the possibility of using a point scoring system of medical parameters for HIV severity monitoring and modeling in numerical terms. There were investigated the features of the use of medical parameters in the form of a point scoring system as well as the possibility of applying a numerical model for determining the HIV severity when tuberculosis is joined. To solve the problem, it was developed a step-by-step algorithm for applying the point scoring system. Conclusions were drawn. The possibility to predict in numerical terms the outcome of the disease (in particular the AIDS progression) using the number of systematically collected medical parameters in HIV carriers is of great interest. The information system development allows to determine the most important properties of the process and to separate its non-essential characteristics. Often the information system and modeling allow us to formulate new hypotheses and gain new knowledge about the object, those which were not available during the research.

The article considers the issue of actuality of medical propaganda among crew of criminal executive system. It is established that actually the health care managers of criminal executive system are lacking interest to this kind of propaganda. The importance of implementation of medical propaganda among stuff of institutions of criminal executive system is substantiated. The study established such main problems of this activity as low level of medical activity of crew of penitentiary system, inadequate resource support of sanitary education, non-optimal structure of organization of medical care of decreed contingent, inferior implementation of sanitary education activities in medical organizations of various departmental belonging. The attention is focused on existence of various categories of certified employees, including characteristics of preventive activities with personnel performing service in rural territory and also with cadets of educational organizations that predisposes different approaches to implementation of measures of medical propaganda. The main means of meeting the complications in sanitary educational work with the given category of individuals.

The results of investigations of the thermal energy obtained from different types of energy-efficient foundations under the conditions in Permskii Krai are presented. The general principles for designing energy-efficient foundations are described.

The operating principles and engineering solutions for constructing compensation-type pyrometers with nonlinear negative feedback and a built-in calibrator are considered.

Laws governing deformation of argillite-like clays and the effect of their anisotropic nature on overall compression modulus are examined. Recommendations are given for calculation of settlements of pile foundations, the beds of which are composed of these clays.

The paper presents one of the methods of nonproductive machine time optimization of tools during milling of parts with complex surfaces on combined machine. In particular, there was described an algorithm to minimize the idle movements of spherocylindrical and conical cutters. Calculations were performed on the test parts with complex surfaces.

The research describes the development of the forecasting information system that can predict the outcome of a disease in inmates with HIV-associated tuberculosis. The aim of the research is to develop an additional high-precision diagnostic criterion giving the possibility of the timely correction of diagnostic, treatment and organizational measures for patients with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection that helps to improve the quality of medical care. The research material is based on the data from clinical cases of patients with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection who were hospitalized in a tuberculosis hospital providing specialized medical care to inmates from 2012 to 2018. (367 people). The study methodology was developed in several stages with the use of the methods of system analysis and mathematical modeling (logical-statistical method of optimally reliable partitions, the method of analysis of hierarchies, artificial neural network, methods of statistical grouping). The result of a complex multi-stage research makes possible the development of the prognostic index forecasting outcome of HIV-associated tuberculosis in prisoners. For the automated calculation of the developed index a software package was created. Interpretation of the received data allows timely correcting of diagnostic and treatment tactics in order to improve the quality of medical care and reduce the hospital mortality rate. The developed information system does not require complex and expensive diagnostic measures, it is easy to use and can be suggested to use as a screening method.

The article considers the possibilities of using cluster analysis and modeling of cancer monitoring in inmates. The article presents the analysis based on the hierarchical clustering, the k-means method along with F-test criterion for the main indicators monitored in the penitentiary system. The application of modeling was analyzed using the example of regression analysis of the data. The development of the model was relative to the indicator of the proportion of mortality rate to the total number of malignant neoplasms. According to the statistic data of 2018, the main statistical indicators on oncopathology in inmates reflect a similar situation in the whole country. The researchers consider the possibility to apply the results obtained not only within the penitentiary system, but also to monitor the situation with cancer in the country in general.

The designs of modern vehicles and aviation can be traced to a constant increase in the range of parts that have complexly shaped free-form surfaces. Production of such quality parts requires new methods of automated mechanical engineering and particularly program operated multi-purpose five-coordinate machine processing. The paper is dedicated to dynamical modelling of surface treatment of materials by spherical cylindrical milling cutter. The simulation results are the basis for the formation of optimal conditions for machining free-form surfaces and determining combinations of tilt and advance angles and their optimization for positioning the tool for end milling of surfaces on five-axis CNC machines.

Laws governing development of additional settlements of buildings constructed in the 1960s and 70s on shallow strip foundations when the bed is loaded by the weight of a newly constructed entity in a dense urban setting are examined.

The purpose of this research is to develop methods of measuring the temperature of the friction surface high-speed rotor at the tribological investigations. This research is of current importance due to the wide demand for such systems in investigations and diagnostics of thermal state of friction units of machines and aggregates. The object of study is the friction surface of the rotor, which is part of the experimental stand for research of the tribological characteristics and the process of heat transfer between gas and surfaces forming a sickle-shaped gap of the sliding bearing of the turbounit. This article suggest technique of temperature measurement based on the use of autonomous measuring unit and thermocouples installed in the rotor as close as possible to the friction surface. Transmission of measurement data produced by the infrared channel to a PC. Temperature measurement is performed at four points with a resolution of 0.25 0C and the error not more than ± 0,6 0C. To assess the accuracy of the developed system of temperature measurement used a thermal imager FLIR E60 and portable temperature meter ITP-1. As a result the unique method for measuring the temperature of the friction surfaces of the rotating rotor of the test bed is developed. The proposed method can be used to determine with high precision the magnitude of the heat transfer coefficient in experimental studies of heat transfer processes in bearing units of sliding friction.

Currently, one of the main metrological noncontact temperature measurement challenges is the emissivity uncertainty. This paper describes a pyrometer with emissivity effect diminishing through the use of a measuring scheme with tracking balancing in which the radiation receiver is a null-indicator. In this paper the results of the prototype pyrometer absolute error study in surfaces temperature measurement of aluminum and nickel samples are presented. There is absolute error calculated values comparison considering the emissivity table values with errors on the results of experimental measurements by the proposed method. The practical implementation of the proposed technical solution has allowed two times to reduce the error due to the emissivity uncertainty.

This paper presents carburizing the surface of 20 low carbon steel using electric arc and graphite prior. A carbon black solution was prepared with graphite powder and sodium silicate in water. A detailed analysis of the phase structure and the distribution profile of the sample hardness after plasma treatment were given. The hardened layer consists of three different zones: 1 – the cemented layer (thin white zone) on the surface, 2 – heat-affected zone (darkly etching structure), 3 – the base metal. The experimental result shows that the various microstructures and micro-hardness profiles were produced depending on the type of graphite coating (percentage of liquid glass) and processing parameters. The experiment proved that the optimum content of liquid glass in graphite coating is 50–87.5%. If the amount of liquid glass is less than 50%, adhesion to metal is insufficient. If liquid glass content is more than 87.5%, carburization of a metal surface does not occur. A mixture of the eutectic lamellar structure, martensite and austenite was obtained by using graphite prior with 67% sodium silicate and the levels of the hardness layer increased to around 1000 HV. The thickness of the cemented layer formed on the surface was around 200 μm. It is hoped that this plasma surface carburizing treatment could improve the tribological resistance properties.