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Relevance: in the last decade, virtual reality (VR) technologies have been actively introduced into the training process in various types of sprints. At the same time, there are studies showing the inconsistency of VR for the formation of sports skills and their transfer to real conditions. But despite this, the use of VR can be useful for practicing specifi c motor skills and cognitive functions, for example, anticipation. Objective: to develop VR-PACE technology (VR Technology for training Puck hitting And HOSKE skill Eff ectiveness) using virtual reality aimed at diagnosing and analyzing the skill level of a hockey player, as well as their training. Methods: within the framework of the study, a simulation virtual environment was developed that simulates a hockey fi eld (ice arena in Sochi) and sets four diffi culty levels (four blocks) depending on the speed of the puck and the distance to it. Th e study involved 22 people, 13 of whom were professional hockey players (Mage = 20 ± 2.5), and seven were beginners in hockey (Mage = 20 ± 1.4). Results: it was found that professional hockey players have a signifi cantly smaller amplitude of head vibrations during the refl ection of pucks, that is, they understand the position of their body well enough during certain actions, and they do not need to observe the full trajectory of the puck. Th ere were also signifi cant diff erences in the speed of response to the presented washers in the block with the fastest speed of presentation of 2 washers. Th e results obtained may indicate a better formation of technical and tactical, temporal and spatial factors in professional hockey players. Conclusions: the adequacy of the developed tools for the analysis of professional skills of hockey players was demonstrated. It was also shown that the skill level of a hockey player is determined by the formation of a set of parameters, including spatial, temporal, technical and tactical abilities. Th is is manifested in the automation of a number of skills, as well as the optimization of motor responses: 1) higher and more stable amplitude of movements over the entire observation interval and minimization of unnecessary movements; 2) higher reaction speed to more complex pucks (close to real game situations); 3) concentration of attention on signifi cant signals, anticipation.

BACKGROUND: The article describes experimental studies aimed at studying the features of post-retrograde gunshot trauma using the latest modern methods of forensic medical research. AIMS: The aim of the work was to study the nature of the distribution of metal particles of a destroyed firearm projectile after passing through an obstacle ― triplex glass. MATERIAL AND METHODS: As a barrier, car windshield triplex windows are used, located at an angle of 60 to the aiming line. The shots were fired from the Saiga-MK carbine with 5.4539 BPZ FMJ cartridges. During the experiments, shots were fired from a distance of 10 m (a total of 30 shots were fired). White cotton fabric (calico) with dimensions of 100150 cm, fixed on a chipboard, was used as targets. The distance between the target and the barrier was 100 cm. The targets were studied using a scanning electron microscope Hitachi FlexSem 1000 II and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer Bruker Quantax 80. In the course of the experiment, high-speed video shooting was carried out with a Sony RX0 video camera with a frequency of 1000 fps. RESULTS: A frame-by-frame study of the obtained video recordings showed that the deviation of the flight of the projectile fragments from the original trajectory was up to 10 side of the normal to the back surface of the glass. The fragments of the projectile, having overcome the barrier, moved in stages, in 3 phases: overcoming the barrier, ejecting fragments in the form of a cone, breaking through the target and retrograde movement of the fragments of the barrier. The scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy studies showed that the topography and morphology of the distribution of metals on the target surface correspond to the data of the analysis of the movement of parts of a firearm during high-speed video shooting. The metal alloy found on the target contained the following elements: plumbum (Pb), cuprum (Cu), antimony (Sb), and kalium (K). CONCLUSION: When conducting an experimental study, it was found that various types of particles that were destroyed during the passage of the barrier, a firearm projectile, are registered on the surface of the target. The nature of the particle distribution and their morphology are very specific, and most likely a qualitative assessment of the projectile particles on the target will allow us to determine the distance of the shot beyond the barrier.

Background Intraoperative rectal injury in prostatectomy patients is an uncommon but severe complication. Particular attention is paid to improving the results of healing damage to the anterior rectal wall during prostatectomy.Objective To study the morphological features of the parietal pelvic fascia and the rectal wall to substantiate the possibility of the formation of fascial duplication in the elimination of damage to the anterior rectal wall during prostatectomy.Material and Methods The authors carried out an intravital morphological analysis of the parietal pelvic fascia covering the levator rectum muscle and the anterior rectal wall in 10 men.Results The parietal pelvic fascia contains more powerful bundles of collagen fibers, which in certain areas are partially woven into the fibers of striated muscle tissue. The adventitia of the rectum is characterized by a looser arrangement of the interacting components of the formed connective and smooth muscle tissue. In the studied formations of the small pelvis, the thickness of collagen fibers separately and in the composition of bundles, as well as the cells of the differon and each fiber separately did not differ, which indicated the identity of their tinctorial properties in the compared zones.Conclusion Morphological analysis showed that when juxtaposing and touching the edges of the healing area of the surgical wound without tension, a stable and continuous scar of the fascial duplication is formed, which ensures reliable fusion of the stitched anatomical structures.

The concept of chemical elements is analyzed. Is shown, that instead of it in interscientific practice it is more expedient to use concept of nuclear elements. The genetic approach to process of development of material systems indicates, that he occurs to law from the past to the future, from simple to complex, from lowest (undeveloped) to highest (developed). These features of development require at ordering material objects to place them in system of coordinates, with which the simple undeveloped objects are placed at the left below, and complex advanced - are placed on the right and above. Such approach contrary to the standard point of view is a substantiation of variant of ordering of periodic system of atomic elements with accommodation in the bottom of simple and above – complex atomic elements.

The epidemic situation and etiological factors of enterovirus infection in Russia and Vietnam were analysed and compared. The identified strains of enteroviruses of 47 types, which circulated in Russia in 2018–2019, belonged to different species: Enterovirus species A (CV-A2, CV-A4, CV-A6, CV-A8, CV-A10, CV-A16, EV-A71), as well as Enterovirus species B and Enterovirus species C. The strains isolated from 87 children from southern Vietnam hospitalised in 2018–2019 into infectious hospitals while having enterovirus infection with exanthema were also studied. All identified strains were represented by Enterovirus species A: EV-A71 — 59 strains, CV-A10 — 20 strains, CV-A16 — 5 strains, CV-A6 — two strains and CV-A2 — one strain. Out of 59 viruses EV-A71, 53 strains belonged to genotype C4 and 6 strains belonged to genotype B5. The sequences of EV-A71 strains of genotype C4 from South Vietnam formed a monophyletic cluster with the sequences of EV-A71 viruses which circulated during 2016–2018 in different provinces of China, and they were very close to EV-A71 strains of the same genotype from the Yunnan Province. These strains were genetically different from Russian viruses and Vietnamese viruses identified in the years 2003–2005 and 2011– 2012. Most of the cases of enterovirus infection from southern Vietnam (78%) caused by EV-A71 virus of genotype C4 were reported in three provinces located in southern Vietnam in the Mekong Delta. The epidemic process and the etiology of enterovirus infection in Russia and Vietnam have common features. At the same time, the epidemic situation in these countries is not the same. The incidence of enterovirus infection is influenced by geographic, climatic, economic and demographic factors that differ in two countries. In the majority of territories of Russia, the climate is temperate or cold, seasonal rises in the incidence rates of enterovirus infection usually occur in the summer, when people go on vacation, spend a lot of time outdoors and swim in open reservoirs. In Vietnam, a constant high-level temperature, a high population density and a large proportion of children determine the higher incidence of enterovirus infection, especially in the southern provinces of Vietnam, compared to Russia. The fact that more than 20% of the Vietnamese population lives in the Mekong Delta, which is the largest river in Indochina, has a significant impact on the epidemic process of enterovirus infection in South Vietnam. The Mekong River which flows through China, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, and carries huge streams of water, including rainstorm waters and sewages, from all of these countries into the southern provinces of Vietnam, which have the highest incidence rates of enterovirus infection in the country. The results of the research underline the importance of active epidemiological and virological surveillance of enterovirus infection, which plays the key role in informing the public health authorities about the changes in the epidemic situation in order to take appropriate measures and develop the prevention strategies. The goal of anti-epidemic and preventive measures is to reduce the incidence of enterovirus infection and the economic burden of this infection for Russia and Vietnam.

Whole exome sequencing of invasive mammary carcinomas revealed the association of mutations in PTEN and ZFHX3 tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). We generated single and combined PTEN and ZFHX3 knock-outs (KOs) in the immortalized mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A to study the role of these genes and their potential synergy in migration regulation. Inactivation of PTEN, but not ZFHX3, induced the formation of large colonies in soft agar. ZFHX3 inactivation in PTEN KO, however, increased colony numbers and normalized their size. Cell migration was affected in different ways upon PTEN and ZFHX3 KO. Inactivation of PTEN enhanced coordinated cell motility and thus, the collective migration of epithelial islets and wound healing. In contrast, ZFHX3 knockout resulted in the acquisition of uncoordinated cell movement associated with the appearance of immature adhesive junctions (AJs) and the increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Inactivation of the two TSGs thus induces different stages of partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT). Upon double KO (DKO), cells displayed still another motile state, characterized by a decreased coordination in collective migration and high levels of vimentin but a restoration of mature linear AJs. This study illustrates the plasticity of migration modes of mammary cells transformed by a combination of cancer-associated genes.

BACKGROUND: Doppler twinkling artifact is a rapid change of colors seen in CFI-mode in the presence of kidney stones and calculi. Therefore, numerous researchers use the twinkling artifact as a diagnostic sign. However, this phenomenon is under-researched, because most assumptions concerning its causes are made based on pure visual observations of the scanners screen leaving the important steps of signal transformation hidden behind the black box curtains of ultrasound machines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Raw radiofrequency ultrasound signals were recorded in the phantom studies. The recorded echoes were received from objects that create the Doppler twinkling artifact and artificial blood vessels and soft tissues imitators. The data were collected between June 2016 and March 2021. Sonomed-500 with the 7.5 L38 and 3.4 C60 probes served as the research machine for the signal capture. Data records: We present the database containing raw radiofrequency ultrasound signals from the beam former output of the research ultrasound machine. The dataset consists of CFI and B-mode echoes recorded from twinkling objects. Therefore, this database can be useful for those who test, develop and study ultrasound signal processing algorithms. Furthermore, the database is freely available online. The 10.5 GB database consists of echoes received from five phantoms. Raw radiofrequency signals were stored in the binary files; scanning parameters were stored in text files. The database is available at: https://mosmed.ai/datasets/ultrasound_doppler_twinkling_artifact. Code availability: The public can visualize the database content with the specially written program TwinklingDatasetDisplay available at: https://github.com/Center-of-Diagnostics-and-Telemedicine/TwinklingDatasetDisplay.git. Usage notes: The database can be used to test and develop signal-processing algorithms, such as wall filtration, velocity estimation, feature extraction, speckle reduction, etc. Furthermore, the public is free to share (copy, distribute, and transmit) and remix (adapt and do derivative works) the dataset considering appropriate credit is given.

Background: The article aims to assess the possibilities of innovative research methods in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersion analysis (EDS) forensic medicine. The described methods were used in experimental studies of a gunshot retrograde injury. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the particles formed during the destruction of a semi-shell shell and an obstacle (triplex car glass) when fired from a hunting Saiga carbine with 5.4539 cartridges. Material and methods: Triplex windshields from BMW and Mercedes-Benz cars were used as barriers. The shots were fired from a hunting Saiga carbine with a 5.4539 cartridge from a distance of 10 m. As targets, white calico with dimensions of 100150 cm was used, while stretched on a wooden frame or fixed on a chipboard. The distance between the target and the barrier was 100 cm, which approximately corresponded to the distance from the car windshield to the driver and the passenger in the front seat. The studies were conducted using the SEM Hitachi FlexSem1000 II and the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer Bruker Quantax 80. Results: Microscopy helped identify seven types of foreign bodies on the surface of the target, which were the products of destruction of the fire projectile and the barrier: glass fragments, glass fragments, crumbly depositions of glass particles, glass fragments caked with the projectile metal, fragments of the projectile, spherical metal particles, and overlays of molten metal in the form of puddles. EDS helped determine the elemental composition of the barrier particles, fire shell, and the overlap of target particles. Conclusion. The experimental study demonstrated that the use of SEM and EDS significantly increased the effectiveness and evidence-based expert research value while solving the problems of causing damage through the barrier-the windscreen of modern cars.

In recent years, magnesium calcium phosphate materials have been considered as an alternative to calcium phosphate-based materials in reconstructive surgery. In this work, bone cements in the calcium phosphates–magnesium phosphates system were synthesized and studied. The interaction of this system with a cement liquid gives struvite MgNH4PO4·6H2O as the main phase. The obtained materials have a compressive strength of up to 54 ± 5 MPa, a setting time of 6–7 min, and a neutral pH value. The effect of the introduction of vancomycin to the cement materials was studied. Investigation of the kinetics of vancomycin release showed that up to 98% of the antibiotic is released within 21 days. The materials exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. After the introduction of vancomycin, the zone of inhibition of bacterial growth more than doubled compared to the reference samples. In vivo tests were conducted, the structural factors were calculated based on the results of micro-CT. According to macro and micro signs, the cement materials are fully biocompatible; by the sixth week, the formation of new bone tissue is observed.

Background: The article presents the results of experimental studies of gunshot injuries of biological tissue simulators in relation to the morphology of the wound channel, which depend on the characteristics of the cartridge used. Aim: To establish the features of the wound channel in the biological simulator caused by semi-shell bullets of cartridges fired from the KO-98M1 carbine under the 8×57 JS cartridge. Material and methods: Experimental shots were fired with 8×57 JS cartridges with shell and semi-shell bullets from the KO-98M1 hunting carbine. The first group of observations consisted of shots of cartridges with shell bullets of two radius ogival shape; the second group-shots of cartridges with semi-shell bullets with a head part in the form of a truncated cone. Shots with shell bullets of a single-radius ogival form formed the control group. In each group of observations, 10 shots were fired from a distance of 5–10 m, and a pig's half-carcass was used as a target. Results: In the first group of observations, the entrance injury had an oval or rounded shape, with a Central tissue defect with a diameter of 6.5±0.5 mm. the Wound channel from the entrance injury expanded conically and reached a maximum at a distance of 6 cm. In the second group of observations, the entrance gunshot injury had a rounded shape, with multiple radial tears, with a Central tissue defect with a diameter of 7.5±0.5 mm. The wound channel from the entrance injury expanded spherically immediately behind the skin, reaching a maximum at a distance of 4 cm. In the control group of observations, the entrance gunshot injury had a rectangular shape, with one or two radial breaks and a Central tissue defect with a diameter of 5.5±0.5 mm. The wound channel throughout corresponded to the diameter of the firearm shell. Conclusion: In the course of experimental studies, it was found that the rounding of the head part of the shell increases the size of the wound canal cavity by about 4 times. The runway occurs at a distance of 6 cm from the input damage. A semi-shell bullet with a head shape in the form of a truncated cone leads to the formation of a runway immediately behind the layer of skin, while the size of the visible cavity of the wound channel exceeds the size of the projectile by 15 times.

The paper presents that the correlation analysis revealed reliable links between the following predictors associated with death in patients with severe traumatic shock: lactate/ACTV, lactate/pH venous blood, body temperature/pH venous blood, вody temperature/lactate, ACTV/Ca ionized. No significant links were found between body temperature and ACTV.

Introduction . The pentavalent rotavirus vaccine has been registered in Russia, however, the vaccination coverage remains low, and an annual increase in the incidence of rotavirus infection is unavoidable. In this regard, molecular monitoring of rotaviruses in order to search for new variants possessing epidemic potential is an urgent task. Material and methods . PCR genotyping and VP4 and VP7 genes sequencing were used to characterize rotaviruses circulating in Nizhny Novgorod in 2012–2020. The phylogenetic analysis of the strains was carried out using the BEAST software package. Results . The spectrum included 17 genotypes with predominance of G9P[8] (37,4%). Detected in this study genotypes G1P[4], G1P[9], G2P[8], G4P[4], G4P[6], G8P[8], and G9P[4] were not previously identified in Nizhny Novgorod. The circulation of DS-1-like strains possessing genotypes G1P[8], G3P[8], G8P[8], or G9P[8] and a short RNA pattern had been shown. Rotaviruses of the common genotypes were genetically heterogeneous and belonged to different phylogenetic lineages and/or sublineages (P[4]-IV-a; P[4]-IV-b; P[8]-3.1; P[8]-3.3; P[8]-3.4 and P[8]-3.6; G1-I; G1-II; G2-IVa-1; G2-IVa-3; G3-1; G3-3; G4-I-c; G9-III; G9-VI). Discussion . These results extend the available data on the genotypic structure of rotavirus populations in Russia and show the genetic diversity of viral strains. G3P[8] DS-1-like viruses were representatives of the G3-1 lineage, new for the territory of Russia, and had the largest number of amino acid substitutions in the VP7 antigenic epitopes. Conclusion . The emergence and spread of strains with new genetic features may allow rotavirus to overcome the immunological pressure formed by natural and vaccine-induced immunity, and maintain or increase the incidence of rotavirus infection.

Background. Intraoperative rectal injury in patients undergoing prostatectomy is a severe complication, worsens the quality of life and leads to social maladjustment.Objective. To develop, substantiate the reproducibility and safety of the technique for the formation of fascial duplication in the elimination of damage to the anterior rectal wall during prostatectomy.Materials and methods. The authors present a description of the technique and their own experience of retropubic prostatectomy with the formation of fascial duplication in the elimination of damage to the anterior rectal wall in 2 patients with prostate cancer. Patients with intermediate risk of recurrence and progression according to the D'Amico index. The observation period is 6 and 11 months.Results. Prostatectomy revealed damage to the anterior rectal wall and destruction of the external longitudinal muscular layer of the rectum. The rectal defect was eliminated according to the original method. The duration of the operation is 160 and 140 min. Intraoperative blood loss 350 and 150 ml. The first bowel movement on the 5th day. Removal of the urethral catheter on day 10. The period of hospitalization was 11 and 14 days, no postoperative mortality was noted. No lethal outcomes were noted.Conclusion. A constructively simple surgical technique for the formation of fascial duplication by local tissues in case of intraoperative injury of the rectum during prostatectomy has been developed and implemented into clinical practice.

In this paper, we study the scheme of a descent vehicle’s return from the Moon using several intermediate passages of the Earth’s atmosphere before landing. The features of the behavior of these trajectories near the Earth are shown for a ballistic capsule and gliding descent vehicles with low aerodynamic quality (0.3–0.5). Using the atmosphere as a natural braking method reduces inertial and thermal loads in comparison with direct entry at near-parabolic velocity. However, a decrease in the magnitude of loads is accompanied by an increase in the duration of their impact. Even in the case of one intermediate passage of the atmosphere, this leads to the burnout of a noticeably larger (compared to direct entry) mass of the heat-protective coating, which is a key factor in ensuring the safety of the descent. This paper shows that the use of trajectories with one intermediate passage of the atmosphere makes it possible to change the nature of the carryover of a heat-protective coating consisting of a filler and binder. For direct entry with a near-parabolic velocity, the destruction of the filler occurs accompanied by a change in the shape of the vehicle. When using the scheme with preliminary atmospheric braking, the bulk of the carried away matter falls on the binder, which brings the descent mode closer to the repeatedly worked out in practice descent from low near-Earth orbit.

The influence of the coupling effect on the parameters of field Hall elements based on thin-film MOS transistors has been studied. Analysis of the development of today’s microelectronics shows the necessity of developing the element base for high performance sensors based on silicon technologies. One way to significantly improve the performance of sensing elements including magnetic field sensors is the use of thin-film transistors on the basis of silicon on insulator (SOI) structures. It has been shown that field Hall sensors (FHS) may become the basis of high-performance magnetic field sensors employing the coupling effect occurring in the double gate vertical topology of these sensing elements. Electrophysical studies of FHS have been conducted for different gate bias and power supply modes. The results show that the coupling effect between the gates occurs in FHS if the thickness of the working layer between the gates is 200 nm. This effect leads to an increase in the effective carrier mobility and hence an increase in the magnetic sensitivity of the material. Thus field Hall elements based on thin-film transistors fabricated using silicon technologies provide for a substantial increase in the magnetic sensitivity of the elements and allow their application in highly reliable magnetic field sensors.

Background: Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) is currently one of the most common etiological agents of enterovirus infection (EVI). Over the past decade, severe and fatal cases of CV-A10 infection have become more frequent while clinical manifestations of the disease are similar to those of Enterovirus A71 infection. The objective of our study was to characterize circulation of Coxsackievirus A10 in the Russian Federation in 2008–2019 and to study the phylogenetic relationships of strains isolated in Russia and Vietnam. Materials and methods: In 2008–2019, 220 CV-A10 strains were isolated from patients with various clinical manifestations of EVI and from sewage water samples taken in the Russian Federation and then studied using molecular genetic methods. In addition to that, we analyzed 26 CV-A10 strains isolated from patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and acute flaccid paralysis in South Vietnam in 2018–2019. Results: We established a two-year periodicity of CV-A10 active circulation in Russia. In the structure of clinical forms of CV-A10 infection, herpetic angina prevailed (30.8 %), followed by minor illness (25.25 %), respiratory diseases (15.66 %), exanthema (14.65 %), gastrointestinal disorders (8.08 %), and asymptomatic infections (2.02 %). Symptoms of CNS damage (meningitis, meningoencephalitis) were observed in 3.53 % of cases. Most CV-A10 strains from Vietnam were isolated from patients with CNS affection of varying degrees of severity. During the study period, CV-A10 strains of genotypes C, E, and F3 circulated in the territory of the Russian Federation whereas the strains from South Vietnam were represented by genotypes F3 and F1. The studied strains showed a genetic relationship with those of CV-A10 circulating in different countries. Vietnamese and some Russian strains of the F3 genotype were genetically close to the strains isolated from severe cases. Conclusions: Molecular monitoring of CV-A10 circulation is an important component of the global epidemiological surveillance of EVI.

Aim: to evaluate the results of original manual intracorporeal end-to-end invagination ileotransverse anastomosis after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.Patients and methods: twenty-two patients with right colon cancer were included in the study: 17 females and 5 males aged 53.1±3.4 years. They underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with the standard D2 lymphadenectomy and intracorporeal ileotransverse anastomosis by the original technique. Follow-up period after surgery was 3 months.Results: no conversions to open surgery occurred. The operation time was 120.0±12.5 minutes, the median blood loss was 87.0±5.0 ml. Twenty (90.9%) patients are still under follow-up. The hospital stay was 11.4±2.6 days. There were no intraoperative complications. There were no cases of anastomotic leakage. No mortality occurred. At the time of the follow-up, all the patients are alive. Two (9.1%) patients have dropped out of control.Conclusion: the experience of the first 22 laparoscopic right hemicolectomies with intracorporeal laparoscopic end-to-end invagination ileotransverse anastomosis makes it possible to recommend this reliably safe method.

Ultrasound imaging through the intact skull is challenging because of the skull-induced aberrations and signal attenuation. We have designed an experimental ultrasound diagnostic system for noninvasive brain imaging through the intact skull. To overcome skull-induced aberrations and focus efficiently, the system implements the correction procedure based on a beacon approach. This approach is considered classical and highly accurate in comparison with other correction methods. Operation of the system requires two probes working at 3-4 MHz central frequency. The probes are attached coaxially on both sides of the head to the acoustic transparency windows.

Mechanical eye injury and damage to the blood-ocular barrier cause inflammation resulting in oxidative stress, which, in turn, triggers myocardial ischemia, since the heart's need for oxygen exceeds its supply. A rapid decrease in the oxygen concentration in ischemic tissues causes a switch from oxidative to anaerobic metabolism, when energy deficit initiates a chain of physiological processes. The discovery of the molecular mechanisms underlying the manifestation of oxidative stress in the cardiac tissues will enable the development of effective therapeutic approaches to such condition. Objective: to analyze the dynamics of glutathione peroxidase (GP) activity in cardiac tissues of rats in response to oxidative stress caused by mechanical eye injury. Materials and methods . In our experiment, we used 150 healthy white mature (8-month old) male rats weighing 190–210 g and kept under standard conditions in a vivarium. GP activity was evaluated before the experiment and then on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14. Nonparametric statistical analysis was used in this study. Conclusion . GP activity in cardiac tissues of rats during oxidative stress caused by mechanical eye injury was most effectively stabilized by standard treatment for mechanical eye injury plus injections of quercetin.

The article is devoted to the architectural search for an artistic image and the study of the design features of future settlements on the Moon for space explorers. The demonstration of the works of the participants of the competition speaks about the interest of future architects in the development of such topics of scientific and design experimental research. The most incredible and wonderful ideas are always formed within the walls of the Moscow Architectural Institute. But this article is about Space Cities. In discussions, conversations, after lectures, the creation of the Lunar City project takes place. The article presents a brief excursion into the history of the development of the question of the exploration of the Moon in different periods. The article presents the best student work completed as part of the clause assignment and the competition for the creation of settlements on the Moon

In the case of full implementation of the programs of studying and developing the Moon, announced in recent years (“Luna”, Artemis, Chang’e), significant increase in cargo turnover between the Moon and the Earth is expected. Therefore the research and development of appropriate spacecrafts and their structural elements is believed to be promising, especially thermal protection coatings ensuring spacecraft safety during movement (descent) in the dense atmosphere layers. A special characteristic of the trajectory of the spacecraft returning from the Moon’s orbit is the closeness of the speed of its entry into the Earth’s atmosphere to the parabolic one. This circumstance significantly complicates solving the problem of creating thermal protection for such a vehicle, because of higher convective and radiative heat flows compared to those acting on orbital landers. The analysis showed that when implementing the trajectory of the return of spacecraft with multiple re-entries into the Earth’s atmosphere, a trajectory can be selected (at least for cargo flights) so that the intensity of heat exchange on the surface of the coating does not exceed the permissible level. In this case, use of modern and advanced anisotropic heat-protective composite materials can reduce the spacecraft surface temperature to a level that does not cause destruction of the thermal protection coating.

Relevance: the problem of diagnosing perfectionism in sports activities is relevant for solving a large number of research issues related to the study of emotional states and factors of success in athletes, as well as practical tasks related to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of athletes. In this regard, seems to us the design of a method for diagnosing perfectionism in sports activities necessary and relevant.Objective: to test the method “Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale”, and to check the reliability and structural validity of this method. Methods: testing was carried out on a sample (N = 323) of Russian athletes of different kinds of sports. In the process of adapting the questionnaire, a direct and reverse translation of the questionnaire was performed, the factor structure of the questionnaire was checked using exploratory factor analysis, the internal consistency of the questionnaire scales and convergent validity using correlation analysis. Results: a five-factor model of the method was identified. It include the following scales: “Organization and high personal standards“, “High parental expectations”, “Doubts about actions“, “ Concern over mistakes” and “High coaching expectations”. Analysis of the reliability of the scales showed significant internal consistency of each of them. To assess convergent validity, a correlation analysis of the scales of the tested method and the “Three-factor perfectionism questionnaire” by N. G. Garanyan and A. B. Kholmogorova was performed. The results of the analysis showed that the method “Multidimensional perfectionism scale in sports” has the high convergent validity, which indicates a fairly predictive value of this tool. Conclusions: for the first time in the field of Russian sports psychology, a tool for measuring perfectionism in athletes has been tested, which has shown high structural validity and reliability. In this regard, the method “Multidimensional perfectionism scale in sports” can be used for practical purposes to solve diagnostic and psychotherapeutic problems in the field of professional sports.

The nonstationary problem of thermal conductivity in a two-layer thermal protection coating is under consideration. The solution is given for a metal hemispherical shell with axisymmetrical distribution of the heat flux density over the outer surface of the coating.

The article continues the discussion of the topic related to strategies for working with historical and cultural heritage monuments that contain traces of the impact of wars and armed conflicts. Based on the exposition and funds of the CNM, the analysis of specific monuments, the form and semantic aura of which bear the «scars» of history, is carried out. Among the monuments, which are given special attention in the article, there are St. Andrew's flag from the battleship «Tsesarevich», items from the cruiser «Varyag», a fragment of the foremast from the battleship «Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky», a shot-through helmet of a marine infantry soldier found at the Sinyavino heights, a damaged propeller blade of the DB-3F bomber, etc. The article considers the status of «scarred» artifacts as «places of memory» that ensure the preservation and transmission of ideas about the military past and are an integral part of military culture. The article describes the main strategies for working with monuments whose «patina of time» contains traces of military influences. As an example of a complex artifact with a deep semantic load, symbolizing the unity of different periods of national history, demonstrating the historical and cultural continuity of its epochs (including through the synthesis of different-time military-historical materials with a high sacred component), the image of the Saviour Not Made with Hands – the main icon of the Main Temple of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is considered.

In the current circumstances of digital transformation of the economy, the study of the efficiency of commercial banks is widely demanded and provides an opportunity for identifying the prerequisites for the formation of a sustainable financial system. Despite the large number of scientific publications in this field, there are no systematic studies that summarize the existing methodological framework for the study of the effectiveness of banking activities. The purpose of the article is to critically analyze the approaches to assessing the efficiency of banking activities and prospects for its improvement in the digital economy. The complexity of assessing the effectiveness of commercial banks consists in the multiplicity of forms of output and resources used for this process. In this study, the author puts forward a hypothesis that the implementation of modern approaches and methods to assess the effectiveness of banking activities can improve the accuracy of the assessment itself, and help identify factors that increase the effectiveness of such activities. The article is based on English-language scientific papers published in between 2016 and 2020 and indexed in the international scientometric database «Web of Science». The author applies the method of systematic bibliographic study of the set of publications, highlights the main discussion issues of the recent years, namely, research methodology, internal efficiency factors, country specifics of banking activities. The article reveals the content, certain issues, and the limits of the applicability of the nonparametric method of data envelopment analysis and the parametric method of stochastic frontier analysis in assessing the effectiveness of activities. Particular attention is paid to the generalization of research results in terms of identifying factors that have a significant impact on the effectiveness of commercial banks: ownership structure, returns to scale, regulation. The author highlights the increasing role of information technology as a key production factor, highlights the phenomenon of breaking the value chain in banking activities, the formation of new business models and the functioning of banking ecosystems. The scientific and practical significance of the article lies in the gain of knowledge, which might provide the basis for the development of measures to improve banking regulation, as well as serve as the framework for the identification of the most effective forms of banking intermediation.

At present, a high school graduate aimed at becoming an aerospace engineer faces the need for a deeper study of STEM disciplines already in senior classes. Successful comprehension of such disciplines should be based, in addition to personal interests and propensity to study, on additional online courses, visits of laboratories at universities and facilities, and a direct involvement in personal projects with subsequent presentation thereof. However, our experience in practical educational activities in senior classes shows that even pupils of physics-mathematics schools experience difficulties in solving interdisciplinary problems. As a result, this is manifested in the inability to analyze integrated problems and reduce them into a set of solutions, which were properly studied in school. Analytical skills will be required from future students of aerospace universities for working on their first projects. Hence during senior classes, school students have to gain skills in fast adaptation of a known material to problems with unfamiliar conditions. The primary purpose of such tasks is the demonstration of how some or other solutions can go beyond habitual frames of its subject field. High school students should be able to see that a problem, which at first sight seems very demanding can be solved by fairly standard mathematical methods if one has an idea about the underlying physical principles. With the help of several exercises that have real-world settings and thus are easily remembered, the authors show how links between abstract mathematics and the real world can be highlighted. While dealing with such tasks, associative images are formed in heads of future engineers, which later may become instrumental in solving ill-posed problems.

The influence of the coupling effect on the parameters of field Hall elements based on thin-film MOS transistors has been studied. Analysis of the development of today’s microelectronics shows the necessity of developing the element base for high performance sensors based on silicon technologies. One way to significantly improve the performance of sensing elements including magnetic field sensors is the use of thin-film transistors on the basis of silicon on insulator (SOI) structures. It has been shown that field Hall sensors (FHS) may become the basis of high-performance magnetic field sensors employing the coupling effect occurring in the double gate vertical topology of these sensing elements. Electrophysical studies of FHS have been conducted for different gate bias and power supply modes. The results show that the coupling effect between the gates occurs in FHS if the thickness of the working layer between the gates is 200 nm. This effect leads to an increase in the effective carrier mobility and hence an increase in the magnetic sensitivity of the material. Thus field Hall elements based on thin-film transistors fabricated using silicon technologies provide for a substantial increase in the magnetic sensitivity of the elements and allow their application in highly reliable magnetic field sensors.

BACKGROUND:Effective and safe tools assisting triage decisions for COVID-19 patients could optimize the pressure on the healthcare system. COVID-19 often has respiratory manifestations, and medical imaging techniques provide an opportunity to assess the diseases severity. AIMS:To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound for different degrees of pulmonary involvement in COVID-19 patients by a systematic review of English articles using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Search terms included lung ultrasound, chest ultrasound, thoracic ultrasound, ultrasonography, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, diagnosis, diagnostic value, specificity, and sensitivity. Only studies addressing lung ultrasound diagnostic accuracy for patients with suspected COVID-19 using thoracic computed tomography, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, or laboratory data as a reference standard were included. Independent extraction of articles was performed by two authors using predefined data fields with subsequent assessment of study quality indicators. The random-effect model was used to analyze and pool lung ultrasound sensitivity and specificity across the included studies. Sixteen studies met our inclusion criteria, but only three of them divided patients into distinct and defined groups depending on the disease severity. We used the remaining studies data to assess the secondary outcomes: the values of sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound for COVID-19 regardless of the patients clinical status. Heterogeneity for primary and secondary outcomes was observed that remained when pooling for different scenarios (screening, assessing severity) and cohorts of participants. Lung ultrasound had the highest accuracy for confirmed COVID-19 patients with severe disease (sensitivity 87.6% 12.3%, specificity 80.5% 7.1%), and the lowest accuracy for the patients with mild disease (sensitivity 72.8% 7.1%, specificity 74.3% 2.7%). CONCLUSIONS:Lung ultrasound can be used in patients with confirmed COVID-19 to detect serious damage to the lung tissue. The diagnostic value of the method for assessing mild and moderate lung lesions is relatively low.

Earlier, when studying with the help of instrument-technological simulation of the silicon-on-insulator field-effect Hall sensor (SOI FEHS) in the partial depletion mode, the effect of increasing its magnetic sensitivity was discovered. In this paper, we study the parameters of SOI-FEHS samples in various operation modes to experimentally confirm the discovered effect. To increase the measurement accuracy in the partial depletion mode, the FEHS design with a split drain is used. The optimal values ​​of the load resistances of the bridge circuit are determined. An analysis of the results of studying the experimental SOI-FEHS samples shows that the peak of the increased magnetic sensitivity is observed in the partial depletion mode. At a load resistance of 1 MΩ and a supply voltage of –9 V, the maximal magnetically induced signal approximately triples in the partial depletion mode compared with the full depletion mode. When recalculating the ΔU voltage difference on the load resistances to the magnetic sensitivity, the specific magnetic sensitivity of the FEHS in the partial depletion mode can reach values ​​of about 105 V/(A T), which is significantly higher than that of semiconductor Hall elements.

The hematoophthalmic barrier is one of the mechanisms of resistance that serves to protect the body and prevents homeostasis disorder when the body is affected by factors that can disturb this balance. One of the complications of mechanical trauma of the eye and violation of the hematoophthalmic barrier is the appearance of oxidative stress on the background of the general inflammatory process in violation of cellular structures. Objective: to study the dynamics of catalase activity in the heart and muscle tissue of rats under oxidative stress caused by mechanical action on the hematoophthalmic barrier. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on white neonatal mature healthy male rats of six months of age, weighing 200–220 g and having 150 pieces. The activity of catalase in heart and muscle tissue was studied before the beginning of the experiment, as well as on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th day of the experiment using the standard Korolyuk M.A. method. The dynamics of catalase activity was evaluated by different methods of treatment of mechanical eye trauma, including the use of quercetin antioxidant. The results of the study. It was found that in addition to the standard therapy of mechanical eye injury injection of quercetin, the activity of catalase in the heart and muscular tissue after falling on the background of induced oxidative stress increases to the values of physiological norm by 14 days, which indicates the effective elimination of oxidative stress. Conclusions. The activity of catalase in rat heart and muscle tissue under oxidative stress caused by mechanical influence on hematoophthalmic barrier is most effectively stabilized under standard therapy of mechanical eye injury with addition of quercetin in the form of injections.

Organotypic cultivation of melanoma cells in a three-dimensional matrix that mimics the dermis is a promising area of investigation for modeling a tumor and studying its biology. The aim of the study was to study the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of melanoma cells obtained as a result of an excision skin biopsy during prolonged 3D cultivation on a gelatin matrix. After 35 days of cultivation, light-optical morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of scaffolds was performed using antibodies to the melanocytic antigens S100, SOX10, as well as to the membrane antigen CD44. After 35 days of culturing the cells of the primary melanoma culture on porous gelatin scaffolds obtained by the leaching method, the expression of melanocytic antigens and membrane antigen CD44 was preserved. Melanoma cells adhered to the surface and destroyed the scaffold matrix. Thus, the component and quantitative composition of a three-dimensional gelatin scaffold has been developed, which ensures the adhesion and proliferation of cells of the primary melanoma culture while maintaining the expression of melanocytic antigens and protein CD44.

Branched actin networks polymerized by the Actin-related protein 2 and 3 (Arp2/3) complex play key roles in force generation and membrane remodeling. These networks are particularly important for cell migration, where they drive membrane protrusions of lamellipodia. Several Arp2/3 inhibitory compounds have been identified. Among them, the most widely used is CK-666 (2-Fluoro-N-[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-benzamide), whose mode of action is to prevent Arp2/3 from reaching its active conformation. Here 74 compounds structurally related to CK-666 were screened using a variety of assays. The primary screen involved EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) incorporation in untransformed MCF10A cells. The resulting nine positive hits were all blocking lamellipodial protrusions and cell migration in B16-F1 melanoma cells in secondary screens, showing that cell cycle progression can be a useful read-out of Arp2/3 activity. Selected compounds were also characterized on sea urchin embryos, where Arp2/3 inhibition yields specific phenotypes such as the lack of triradiate spicules and inhibition of archenteron elongation. Several compounds were filtered out due to their toxicity in cell cultures or on sea urchin development. Two CK-666 analogs, 59 (N-{2-[5-(Benzyloxy)-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl] ethyl}-3-bromobenzamide) and 69 (2,4-Dichloro-N-[2-(7-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl]-5-[(dimethylamino) sulfonyl] benzamide), were active in all assays and significantly more efficient in vivo than CK-666. These best hits with increased in vivo potency were, however, slightly less efficient in vitro than CK-666 in the classical pyrene-actin assay. Induced-fit docking of selected compounds and their possible metabolites revealed interaction with Arp2/3 that suppresses Arp2/3 activation. The data obtained in our screening validated the applicability of original assays for Arp2/3 activity. Several previously unexplored CK-666 structural analogs were found to suppress Arp2/3 activation, and two of them were identified as Arp2/3 inhibitors with improved in vivo efficiency.

4,6,10-Trihydroxy-1,4,6,10-tetraazaadamantane (TAAD) has been shown to form a stable Fe(IV) complex having a diamantane cage structure, in which the metal center is coordinated by three oxygen atoms of the deprotonated ligand. The complex was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, HRMS, NMR, FT-IR, Mössbauer spectroscopy and DFT calculations, which supported the d

The article is devoted to the issues of numerical simulation of field Hall sensors based on the "silicon on insulator" structure with two control gates. To solve the problem, a two-level local-one-dimensional computational model is used. At the first level, a series of one-dimensional Schrödinger—Poisson equations are solved, which describe the distribution of the electron density across the heterostructure in different sections. The obtained information is transmitted to the second level, where the current characteristics of the element are calculated. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental data obtained for field Hall sensors. Comparative analysis shows good agreement between calculated and experimental data. The developed computer model makes it possible to carry out a multivariate analysis of various heterostructures, which creates the basis for optimizing devices of the class under consideration.

—Mechanochemical synthesis in a ball mill was applied for the nanocomposite Cu(CuO)–CeO2 catalyst preparation from CeO2 and following dopants: Cu metal and copper oxides of different morphology and composition (CuO pure and CuO containing 4 or 16.5 wt % of Cu2O). The materials obtained were examined with the use of X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, temperature-programmed reduction in CO, H2, C2H6 (TPR-СО, TPR-Н2, and TPR-С2Н6), and tested as catalysts in reactions of selective CO oxidation in H2 excess (CO-PROX) and total C2H6 oxidation. New forms of oxygen with high low-temperature reactivity towards CO, H2, and C2H6 were found by TPR in the samples synthesized. It was shown that CO conversion was slightly affected by the dopant nature in the dopant-CeO2 mixture. Contrary, C2H6 conversion at low temperatures depends on dopant composition. The highest C2H6 conversion at 400°С (91.4%) was observed on Cu–CeO2. The lowest one (54.2%) was observed on CuO–CeO2. As was demonstrated, mechanochemical synthesis is a universal technique to produce copper oxide–ceria catalysts.

We analyzed the possibility to detect microcalcifications using a novel ultrasound diagnostic mode based on advanced analysis of the color Doppler twinkling artifact. The special mode was tested with two phantoms: a commercially available polyurethane mammographic breast phantom with dense inclusions simulating microcalcifications and a phantom developed in our laboratory and containing chemically grown CaSO4 microcrystals less than 200 μm in size. The mineral inclusions in the first phantom were visible in B-mode and correctly detected with the novel mode. The presence of inclusions in the second phantom was not obvious when imaged in B-mode; however, it was reliably detected with the special mode. The special mode used two colors to distinguish between the physical processes behind the color Doppler twinkling artifact — elastic vibration and microcavitation. This research demonstrated the applicability and usefulness of the special diagnostic mode for the detection of microcalcifications in phantoms.

Through the prism of the historical experience accumulated by mankind, the debatable problems of the essence and periodization of the Russian Civil War, as well as its general and special features, are examined in comparison with the civil wars in Europe, America, and Asia. Concepts existing in the domestic and foreign historiography are analyzed, and new assessments and definitions are proposed. In particular, it is proposed to consider a civil war as a prolonged armed struggle for power within a country by various political forces, social and ethno-confessional groups, using the state, state formations, and military formations (“armies”). The author’s calculations of human losses in Russia in the post-February (1917) period and at the initial stage of the Civil War are presented.

The article is devoted to the consideration of special forms of communication using military equipment and striking elements. The main part reveals the general features of the studied communications, off ers several ways of their typological ranking, – by the ratio of sender and recipient, delivery vehicles and thematic content. The presentation and analysis of factual material is based on all of the specifi ed typologies; fi rst of all, according to the ratio of addresser and addressee (within the framework of this issue – messages between «friends»), with the fixation of the thematic content of the identifi ed groups, as well as taking into account the factor of manifestation of the specifi city of the delivery means of «messages». Among the main themes implemented in the analyzed messages, there are the topics of national messages, intentions and direction of actions; revenge – both personal and group; images of ancestors; drawing on military equipment the names of the dead compatriots; and etc.

The developed SM-model, describing the suspended matter concentrations in water environment, was used to assess the consequences of the works on dredging and dumping ground during the reconstruction and modernization of the water body area in the Pionersky Port (Kaliningrad region). The complex of recreated works includes 11 stages of the dredging works during which the various types of bottom sediments are extracted, some part of these sediments are transported outside the port water area and discharged into the marine underwater dump, while other their part are used for hydraulic engineering works in the port area. At the dredging and dumping the sediments, additional zones of water turbidity are formed (with a suspended matter concentration > 50 mg/L), its deposition causes the formation of a layer of sediments on the bottom. For each work stages, the technological data on the currents in the port water area are used for mathematical modeling and calculations of the amounts of various types of sediments extracted from the bottom, their redistribution over the sea area, the concentration of suspended matter in sea water, and the indicators (areas and volumes) of the emerging turbidity zones water due as a result of the construction works. Calculated data may be used to compile a report “Assessment of influence on the water environment state” (or AIWES) in the frame of these works.