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This study examines the promotion and knowledge of online patent literature search among students, librarians, and instructors to enhance university scientific output in Zanzibar. The study was guided by four key questions: What is the level of awareness of students, instructors and library staff about patent documents as source of information? To what extent do students and instructors access online patent databases? What is the library experience in training students about online patent literature searching?, and what are the challenges facing library and instructors in promoting patent literature search? The study used survey approach whereby questionnaire and interview were used to collect data. The recent literatures regarding online patent literature searching were also critically reviewed. A survey was conducted at two Universities in Zanzibar namely the State University of Zanzibar and Zanzibar University, whereby 20 library staff, 10 instructors and 140 undergraduate students from the School of Computing and the Faculty of Engineering were involved in this study. The findings show that more than three quarters of respondents were either partially aware or not aware at all about the existence of free online patent databases. Likewise, the majority of students had no enough skills of patent literature searching. However, usually the library organizes training on general online literature searching skills but patent literature searching was not effectively taught and a big challenge observed in this study regarding promotion of patent literature searching is inadequate patent searching skills among library and instructors. Based on the findings, the study proposed several recommendations to rectify the existing problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in non-infected orthopedic surgery is evident, in contrast to prophylaxis during surgery for infection. Epidemiological data are lacking for this particular situation. Methods and findings: It is a single-center cohort on iterative surgical site infections (SSIs) in infected orthopedic patients. We included 2480 first episodes of orthopedic infections (median age 56 years and 833 immune-suppressed): implant-related infections (n = 648), osteoarticular infections (1153), and 1327 soft tissue infections. The median number of debridement was 1 (range, 1–15 interventions). Overall, 1617 infections (65%) were debrided once compared to 862 cases that were operated multiple times (35%). Upon iterative intraoperative tissue sampling, we detected pathogens in 507 cases (507/862; 59%), of which 241 (242/507; 48%) corresponded to the initial species at the first debridement. We witnessed 265 new SSIs (11% of the cohort) that were resistant to current antibiotic therapy in 174 cases (7% of the cohort). In multivariate analysis, iterative surgical debridements that were performed under current antibiotic administration were associated with new SSIs (odds ratio 1.6, 95%CI 1.2–2.2); mostly occurring after the 2nd debridement. However, we failed to define an ideal hypothetic prophylaxis during antibiotic therapy to prevent further SSIs. Conclusions: Selection of new pathogens resistant to ongoing antibiotic therapy occurs frequently during iterative debridement in orthopedic infections, especially after the 2nd debridement. The new pathogens are however unpredictable. The prevention, if feasible, probably relies on surgical performance and wise indications for re-debridement instead of new maximal prophylactic antibiotic coverage in addition to current therapeutic regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat production is affected by a wide-range of abiotic factors, salinity is one of the major and increasing abiotic stress. Application of salicylic acid was used to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity and improve productivity of wheat. Two field experiments were laid out in the Desert Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University at Wadi El-Natroon, Egypt. A split-plot design was used, the main plots were allocated to salicylic acid [zero (control), 100 and 200 mg L-1] and three wheat varieties, Gemmeiza 7, Sakha 93 and Giza 168 were devoted to sub-plot with three replications. Results showed spraying the wheat with 100mg L-1 of salicylic acid significant increased the grain yield of all varieties Gemmeiza 7, Sakha 93 and Giza 168 with rate of 1.07, 1.83 and 0.91 ton ha-1 compared with control, respectively. The interaction between the Sakha 93 and 100mg L-1of salicylic acid gave the highest values of spike weight/plant, number of grains/plant, grain yield/plant, shoot dry weight and grain yield ha-1, maximum contents of phosphors, potassium in leaves, potassium in grains and proline. It can concluded that, the exogenously applied SA increased the salinity tolerance of wheat, particularly by reducing the negative effects of salts and improve yield and its components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis paper demonstrates a thorough examination of the bending behavior of sandwich concrete building structures that are reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs). The analysis is confirmed using a machine learning technique. Sandwich structures have notable benefits in terms of strength, longevity, and thermal insulation, making them well-suited for many building applications. Integrating GPLs into the concrete matrix improves the mechanical characteristics and performance of these structures, especially in terms of bending behavior. This study utilizes a machine learning technique to verify the characterization of the temporary bending behavior of a concrete building structure reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets. The approach utilizes a dataset consisting of simulated bending data to create a prediction model that can reliably estimate the temporary bending response of the reinforced structure under different loading situations. The machine learning algorithm’s effectiveness and dependability in optimizing the design and performance of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced sandwich concrete building structures are demonstrated through validation against simulated results. This provides engineers and designers with a powerful tool. This study enhances the comprehension and use of machine learning approaches in analyzing and designing sophisticated structural materials and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article presents a new method called the artificial neural networks-genetic programming (ANNs-GP) algorithm, which effectively predicts the bending behavior of functionally graded graphene origami-enabled auxetic metamaterial (FG-GORAM) structures under transient conditions. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) display spatial heterogeneity in their composition and microstructure, resulting in distinctive mechanical characteristics that make them well-suited for a wide range of engineering applications. The objective of this study is to create a prediction model that can accurately capture the intricate transient bending behavior of FGM structures. To do this, the researchers have used the ANN-GP technique, which combines ANNs with GP. The ANN component acquires knowledge from a dataset including actual or simulated bending data, while the GP component fine-tunes the structure and parameters of the neural network to improve its ability to make accurate predictions. The proposed algorithm combines the strengths of ANNs and GP to accurately predict the bending behavior of FG-GORAM structures. This algorithm is robust and efficient, allowing designers and engineers to optimize the performance and reliability of these structures in various applications. The effectiveness of the ANN-GP method is proved by comparing it to experimental or simulated data. This shows that the algorithm has the potential to be a useful tool for designing and analyzing sophisticated materials and structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A geophysical exploration employing ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was conducted at the Western Cemetery, Giza, Egypt, in 2021–23 by a joint research team of Higashi Nippon International University, Tohoku University and the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Egypt. We believe we found an anomaly: a combination of a shallow structure connected to a deeper structure. The shallow structure, which is L‐shaped in the horizontal plane, 10 m by 10 m, was clearly imaged by GPR. It seems to have been filled with sand, which means it was backfilled after it was constructed. It may have been an entrance to the deeper structure. Its depth is of up to 2 m, measured from the ground surface. Below this structure, ERT reveals a highly electrically resistive anomaly, which extends over an area of about 10 m by 10 m. The depth of the structure is about 5–10 m below the surface. Electrically resistive material in a sand dune can be a mixture of sand and gravel, including sparse spacing or air voids within it. Neither GPR nor ERT could identify the properties of the anomaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis work introduces a quasi-3D refined theory for assessing the transient dynamic reactions of a sandwich annular sector plate subjected to mechanical shock loading. The sandwich structure has two facesheets composed of graphene origami (GOri)-enabled auxetic metal metamaterials (GOEAMs) and a core composed of carbon fiber reinforced polymer. The auxetic quality of the annular plates is mainly determined by the quantity of graphene and the level of folding in the GOri material. The elements are assessed layer by layer across the thickness of the plates. Micromechanical models supported by genetic programming may be used to predict the position-dependent Poisson’s ratio and other material parameters. The concept of Hamiltonian is used to deduce the governing equations of the structure. The equations of motion, which vary with time, are solved using the numerical solution process and the Laplace transform. A comprehensive parametric study is carried out to examine the influence of various geometric and physical parameters on the time-dependent behavior of annular sector plates. The current mathematical modeling results are being compared to the findings of previous works, as well as a machine learning technique. By using this machine learning methodology, it is feasible to computationally solve differential equations at a reduced expense, while simultaneously surmounting the challenge of formulation. To use machine learning techniques, a dependable dataset acquired from either experimental or numerical analysis is necessary. The dataset was created using the quantitative findings of the investigation. Furthermore, the machine learning technique demonstrates its capacity to provide very precise outcomes when predicting the transient behavior of the existing structure under novel loading and boundary circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a classical approach for the production of liquid fuel and organic chemicals from syngas (CO + H 2). In this study, a surfactant-free sonochemical approach was employed to synthesize unique nanostructures of Fe 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 composites with various Fe/Zr molar ratios (0.5, 1, and 2) and different nanocube (NC), nanorod (NR) and sphere-like (S-L) morphologies. Moreover, highly dispersed Au nanoparticles were sonochemically decorated on the Fe 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 NC surface. The as-synthesized Fe 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 NPs were evaluated as FTS catalysts. The obtained catalytic results demonstrated that the Fe/Zr molar ratio played important roles on the obtained FTS catalytic activity. Interestingly, when 2.5 wt% Au nanodot used as promoter to Fe 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 nanocube catalyst, the CO conversion ratio was raised significantly, meanwhile, the methanation process was suppressed and the C 5+ selectivity was quite increased to reach a maximum value of 79.5% at 270 °C. The significant enhancement in the catalytic activity of the Au-doped Fe 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 NC composites catalyst is mostly attributed to the enhanced reducibility, the enriched catalyst surface with abundant electron density and the blocked hydrogenation on the surface of Fe active sites, and the dramatic increase in the pore size of the catalyst. Increasing the Au concentration in the catalyst to 5 wt% produced deactivated catalysts due to the particles aggregation and poisoning. Highlights • Morphology-controlled Fe 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 and Au/Fe 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 were prepared as Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalysts. • Fe/Zr molar ratios on Fe 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 catalysts were found to play vital roles on FTS catalytic performance. • Fe 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 nanocube (Fe/Zr = 1) catalyst displayed high CH 4 selectivity. • Addition of Au as promoter was significantly enhanced the C 5+ selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, superparamagnetic Fe3O4/C core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a room‐temperature and green route combining co‐precipitation method, followed by hydrothermal process. The prepared nanoparticle was utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb+2 ions from a wastewater. The effect of various parameters; such as pH, dose of adsorbent, contact time and concentration of lead ions on the adsorption capacity were examined in details. The adsorption capacity (qm) of Fe3O4/C NPs was estimated from the Langmuir isotherm curve and was found to be 244 mgg−1. Interestingly, the produced Fe3O4/C NPs exhibited a rapid removal of toxic lead metal ions from wastewater effluents and the adsorption kinetics is well described by pseudo‐second‐order model. Furthermore, the data of Pb2+ adsorption is best fit for the Langmuir model. Moreover, the Fe3O4/C core/shell NPs were recycled and reused for at least five times without a significant loss of adsorption efficiency. A cconvenient and cost‐effective hydrothermal approach is developed for the synthesis of highly efficient superparamagnetic Fe3O4/C core/shell NPs as adsorbent materials for the removal of toxic lead metal ions from wastewater [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmentally benign hydrogenation reaction of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) to produce the important platform chemicals methyl glycolate (MG), ethylene glycol (EG) and ethanol (EtOH) has gained significant importance in recent years. In this work, novel and highly efficient catalysts composed of Zn-doped lamellar Cu nanocrystals supported on porous MgO nanoparticles were synthesized using an innovative and facile sonochemical approach, and applied in the DMO hydrogenation reaction. The obtained catalytic activity revealed that the addition of Zn was found to significantly enhance the catalytic performance. The product selectivity dramatically changed from MG selectivity (88%) for the un-doped catalyst to a high EtOH selectivity of 98% for the Zn-doped Cu/MgO catalyst. To understand the relationship between the catalyst structure and the catalytic performance, the prepared, reduced and spent Cu/MgO and Zn-doped Cu/MgO catalysts were thoroughly characterized using XRD, TEM, HR-TEM, EDS mapping analysis, N2 physical adsorption, XPS, Cu-LMM, FTIR and H2-TPR techniques. The enhancement in the deep hydrogenation reaction for the Zn-doped catalyst to produce high EtOH selectivity is attributed to the improved dispersion, crystal defects, surface segregation and the synergistic ratio effect between Cu0/(Cu0 + Cu+) in the catalyst. Moreover, the produced catalysts maintained high efficiency for DMO conversion and EtOH selectivity with long-term stability for at least 200 h. The developed sonochemical approach in this study seems to be promising for the green and surfactant-free aqueous synthesis of highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts of interest (COIs) do occur in healthcare research, yet their impact on research in the field of infection prevention and control (IPC) is unknown. We conducted a narrative review aiming to identify examples of COIs in IPC research. In addition to well-known instances, we conducted PubMed and Google searches to identify and report case studies of COIs in IPC and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which were chosen arbitrarily following consensus meetings, to illustrate different types of COIs. We also searched the Retraction Watch database and blog to systematically identify retracted IPC and/or infectious disease-related papers. Our review highlights COIs in academic research linked to ties between industry and physicians, journal editors, peer-reviewed journals' choice for publication, and guideline committees participants and authors. It explores how COIs can affect research and could be managed. We also present several selected case studies that involve (1) the chlorhexidine industry and how it has used marketing trials and key opinion leaders to promote off-label use of its products; (2) the copper industry and how reporting of its trials in IPC have furthered their agenda; (3) the influence of a company developing "closed infusion systems" for catheters and how this affects networks in low- and middle-income countries and guideline development; (4) potential perverse incentives hospitals may have in reporting healthcare-associated infection or AMR rates and how government intervention may restrict AMR research for fear of bad publicity and subsequent negative economic consequences. Finally, the analysis of reasons for the retraction of previously published papers highlights the fact that misconduct in research may have other motivations than financial gain, the most visible form of COIs. COIs occur in the field of research in general, and IPC and AMR are no exceptions. Their effects pervade all aspects of the research and publication processes. We believe that, in addition to improvements in management strategies of COIs, increased public funding should be available to decrease researchers' dependency on industry ties. Further research is needed on COIs and their management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper presents two low cost methodologies for fault diagnosis and localization in digitally calibrated pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). A simple design for test (DFT) is proposed to generate the required test stimulus and to provide the required controllability to collect the code error (fault) signature, which is represented by the difference between the transfer characteristics of the device under test and a golden one. In the first method, the features of the code error-signature are modeled to differentiate between the fault types and fault locations. The main focus of the first method is to detect and localize the capacitance mismatch, gain degradation, reference voltage error and offset voltage error of the device under test (DUT). The modeled features of the code error signatures are the number of zero crossing and the number of jumps in its derivative. The number of zero crossing is utilized to diagnose and localize the capacitance mismatch and gain degradation faults, while the number of jumps is used to detect and localize the reference voltage and offset voltage faults. The faults are determined stage-wise. The second method needs longer diagnosing time, but is able to diagnose the multi-source faults. To verify the proposed methodologies, a ten-stage digitally-calibrated pipelined ADC is behaviorally modeled and simulated using MATLAB. Faults having different type and values are intentionally injected in different stages of the design. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods in detecting the faulty portion and fault type. Therefore, the faulty (or even the weak) portion(s) of the DUT can be identified. Which is useful feedback information for the designer to enhance the reliability of the subsequent design generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increase pressure on arteries branching points and curves (hyperdynamic theory) is the most popular theory to explain the aneurysms formation that augmented by the observation of high incidence of anomalies (either A1 aplasia or hypoplasia) and the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms. It still underestimated the correlation between these anatomical anomalies and aneurysm occurrence and its rupture. We aim to estimate the incidence and type of anatomical anomalies of the anterior cerebral circulation, including the A2 segment in patients with ACoA aneurysms and their predictive value for aneurysm occurrence and rupture parallel to the risk of hypertension. Also, we study the impact of these anomalies on the configuration of the aneurysm, including the neck and size. Results: A1 hypoplasia and aplasia were significantly higher in AcoA aneurysms group than in the control group (P < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). These anomalies have no significant statistical difference between rupture and unruptured ACoA aneurysms. A2 anomalies were insignificantly different between both groups. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies in the A1 segment (hypoplasia and aplasia) have a significant predictive value for AcoA aneurysms formation, with no predictive value for the aneurysm rupture. Concomitantly, A2 anomalies have no significant risk for AcoA aneurysms formation and rupture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into an examination of the existence, uniqueness, and stability properties of a non-local integro-differential equation featuring the Hilfer fractional derivative with order ω ∈ (1 , 2) for the RLC model. Based on Schaefer's fixed point theorem and Banach's contraction principle, the existence and uniqueness results are established. Furthermore, Ulam–Hyers and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability results for the boundary value problem of the RLC model are discussed. To showcase the practicality and efficacy of our theoretical findings, a two-step Lagrange polynomial interpolation method is applied to solve some numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of methyl glycolate (MG) from the catalytic hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) derived from syngas (H2 + CO) as an environmentally benign and economical route has attracted tremendous interest in the modern chemical industry. Silica-supported noble and transition metal elements have been employed as efficient catalyst materials for this reaction. In this paper, we used a novel, highly efficient and eco-friendly sonochemical approach to synthesize noble metal-free, ultra-small and highly dispersed Cu nanodots wrapped on porous SiO2 catalysts. The hydrothermal method as a well-known conventional approach is used to synthesize the same catalyst of Cu/SiO2. The synthesized catalysts were exposed to the industrially relevant vapor-phase hydrogenation reaction of dimethyl oxalate, and then the calcined, reduced and spent catalysts were fully characterized using XRD, TEM, HR-TEM, N2 physical adsorption, FTIR, XPS, Cu-LMM and H2-TPR. Notably, the obtained results confirmed that the sonochemically synthesized noble metal-free Cu/SiO2 catalyst displayed remarkably high MG selectivity of 94% and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 5.08 h−1 compared with 81% MG selectivity and 3.45 h−1 TOF for the hydrothermally synthesized catalyst. These results could be attributed to the synergistic and high value of the Cu+/(Cu+ + Cu0) ratio for the synthesized catalyst and the high dispersion and surface area of the nanoparticles. Our ultrasonication technique holds promise for the synthesis of highly dispersed and efficient heterogeneous catalytic materials in aqueous medium with a short reaction time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Fe 3 O 4 nanocubes (NCs) decorated on RGO nanosheets (NSs) structures were successfully synthesized through an innovative and environmentally-friendly rapid sonochemical method. More importantly, iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate and GO were employed as precursors and water as reaction medium, meanwhile, NaOH within the generated free radicals from the high intensity ultrasound were sufficient as reducing and base agent in our clean synthesis. Moreover, the hydrothermal method as a conventional approach was employed to synthesize the same catalysts for the comparison with the ultrasonocation technique. The as-synthesized Fe 3 O 4 and RGO/Fe 3 O 4 NSs catalysts were exposed to industrially relevant Fischer-tropsch synthesis (FTS) conditions at various reaction temperatures (250–290 °C), and they subjected to fully characterization before and after FTS reaction using XRD, TEM, HRTEM, EDS mapping, XPS, FTIR, BET, H 2 -TPR, H 2 -TPD and CO-TPD to understand the structure–performance relationships. Notably, the catalysts produced using the sonochemical method had a better CO conversion rate [Fe 3 O 4 (80%), RGO/Fe 3 O 4 (82%)] than the hydrothermally synthesized catalysts. However, compared to the naked-Fe 3 O 4 catalysts, the sonochemically and hydrothermally synthesized RGO-supported Fe 3 O 4 catalysts had higher long chain hydrocarbon (C5+) selectivity values (72% and 67%) and C 2 -C 4 olefin/paraffin selectivity ratio (3.2 and 2) and low CH4 selectivity values (6% and 8.5%), respectively. This can be attributed to their high surface area, the degree of reducibility, and content of Hägg iron carbide (χ-Fe 5 C 2 ) as the most active phase of the FTS reaction. Proposed reaction mechanisms for the sonochemical and hydrothermal reaction synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 and RGO/Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles are discussed. In conclusion, our developed surfactantless-sonochemical method holds promise for the eco-friendly synthesis of highly efficient catalysts materials for FTS reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing systems need to be designed to cope with products' variety and frequent changes in market requirements. Switching between product families in different production periods often requires reconfiguration of the manufacturing system with associated additional cost and interruption of production. A mixed integer linear programing (MILP) model is proposed to synthesize manufacturing systems based on the co-platforming methodology taking into consideration machine level changes including addition or removal of machine axes and changing setup as well as system level changes such as addition or removal of machines. The objective is to minimize the cost of change needed for transition between product families and production periods. An illustrative numerical example and an industrial case study from tier I automotive supplier are used for verification. Finally, the effect of maintaining a common core of machines in the manufacturing system on the total capital and change cost is investigated. It has been demonstrated that synthesizing manufacturing systems designed using the co-platforming strategy reduces the total investment cost including initial cost of machines and cost of reconfiguration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have designed an efficient and direct sonochemical method for the facile synthesis of Cd(OH) 2 , CdO, and Cd(OH) 2 /Ag core/satellite nanorods. A Cd(OH) 2 nanorod was synthesized with a one-pot, environmentally-friendly aqueous sonochemical reaction, followed by calcination at 500 °C to produce CdO nanorods. Thirty minutes of re-ultrasonicated CdO nanorods in the presence of the Ag precursor was sufficient for phase transformation from the cubic structure of CdO to the monoclinic crystalline structure of Cd(OH) 2 , accompanied by deposition of Ag nanodots on the surface to form Cd(OH) 2 /Ag core/satellite nanorods. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, N 2 Brunauer–Emmett–Teller adsorption-desorption, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements confirmed the successful formation of the various phases and the unique morphology of the nanorods/satellites. We also measured the magnetic properties using a vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature, and the produced nanorods showed weak unsaturated ferromagnetic properties with a magnetic moment values of 0.105 and 0.076 emu/g for CdO and Cd(OH) 2 /Ag NRs, respectively. In conclusion, our one-pot, cost-effective, sonochemical approach holds promise for the synthesis of various oxides and core/satellite nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and eco-friendly efficient sonochemical approach was designed for the synthesis of highly crystalline FeO and FeO/SiO core/shell nanospheres in single reaction. The generated physical properties (shock waves, microjets, and turbulent flows) from ultrasonication as a consequence of the collapse of microbubbles and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a chemical linker were found to play a crucial role in the successful formation of the core/shell NPs within short time than the previously reported methods. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that a uniform SiO shell is successfully coated over FeO nanospheres, and the thickness of the silica shell could be easily controlled in the range from 5 to 15 nm by adjusting the reaction parameters. X-ray diffraction data were employed to confirm the formation of highly crystalline and pure phase of a cubic inverse spinel structure for magnetite (FeO) nanospheres. The magnetic properties of the as-synthesized FeO and FeO/SiO core/shell nanospheres were measured at room temperature using vibrating sample magnetometer, and the results demonstrated a high magnetic moment values with superparamagnetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to evaluate wild forage plant species derived from Egyptian rangelands based on the determination of their chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gross energy value. Twenty four wild palatable forage plants were identified and analyzed for crude fiber, ether extract, crude protein, nitrogen free extract, ash, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, cellulose, hemi-cellulose, silica, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and gross energy. The differences among species were significant in the same group of plants and among different groups (grasses, legumes and forbs). Significant differences were observed between grasses in all factors evaluated, except acid detergent lignin. In legumes the differences among species in values of acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin and cellulose were not significant. Contrary, all tested factors among forbs species were significantly different. IVDMD and IVOMD showed a significantly higher trend for grasses compared to legumes and forbs. Contrary, forbs showed a higher trend in gross energy compared to grasses and legumes. It can concluded that the high protein, moderate fiber contents and high in vitro digestibility found in Ammophila arenaria, Trigonella maritime and Vicia monantha, Vicia sativa, Ononis vaginalis, Atriplex nummularia and Lycium shawii make them good quality wild forage plant species that can be used in ruminants' nutrition under Egyptian rangelands conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multiresidue method was studied for determination of 323 pesticides representing a wide range of physicochemical properties in dry herbs (chamomile and parsley) based on QuEChERS method and LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. In the current study, three different parameters were optimised for a higher accuracy and a lower matrix effects: extraction procedures, cleanup and matrix effect. Optimum extraction efficiency was obtained at sample hydration of 10 mL water on 2 g dry herbs and soaking time for 10 min. Use of different extraction techniques supported the use of mechanical shaker in comparison with ultrasound and handed shaking. As a way to remove interfering components from final extract, different cleanup techniques were studied: three dispersive solid phase extraction (D-SPE) (C18, primary secondary amine and graphitised carbon black) have been investigated; matrix effect was reduced, but several pesticides were lost during the cleanup process. Unlike the SPE (hydrophilic lipophilic balanced polymer) produced a good recovery with all substances without expected reduction in matrix effect. Moreover, sample dilution and LC-MS/MS injection volume were studied, 3 µL injection volume was found to be the best sensitive condition without sample dilution. The developed method was validated by performing recovery tests at 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, the average recoveries ranged from 70% to 120%. The reproducibility expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD %) was ≤ 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finally, K. Zakaria was incorrectly affiliated with 'Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, P.B. 11727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt'. Mohamed A. Abbas was incorrectly affiliated with 'Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, P.B. 11727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt'. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract It’s all about speed and scale in the quickly evolving corporate world of today, and business executives are looking to cutting-edge technology to help them find answers to their most difficult problems. A data-driven strategy provides the means to more thoroughly comprehend, confirm, and quantify decision-making outcomes. It is possible to feel greater confidence in the decisions made by the designers in a data-driven business. So, using this essential technique, and via mathematical modeling, the nonlinear wave dispersion of a sandwich nanoshell made of a Bi-directional functionally graded (BD-FG) core, and piezoelectric patch is investigated. In the mathematical modeling, first-order shear deformation theory with moderately thick hypothesis is used to model the displacement fields of the current work for both layers. After that, compatibility conditions are presented to model interface equations between the layers. For correct and exact modeling of the current nanosystem, nonlocal strain gradient theory with length scale and nonlocal parameters is presented. For solving the nonlinear equations, the harmonic solution technic for the displacement domain, and the multiple scale method for the time domain are presented in the solution procedure section. After that, to decrease the computational cost of the current work, the data-driven solution is presented for solving the nonlinear vibration problem. Comparing the results of current work with the outcomes of data-driven solutions and another published article can verify the results. Finally, in the results section, the influences of various factors such as length scale, nonlocal, applied voltage, area of piezoelectric patch, FG power index, and geometry condition of the structure on the nonlinear phase velocity of the BD-FG nanoshell coupled with piezoelectric patch is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Due to the use of Perovskite solar cells (PSC) in aerospace applications, so, in this work for the first time, aerodynamic flutter and vibrational analysis of PSC are presented. For modeling the PSCs aerodynamic motion in the mathematical domain, the variational differential quadrature (VDQ) technique is used as a numerical operator for the discretization of various domains. Also, due to improving the stability of the PSC, carbon nanotubes with various distribution patterns as the reinforcement of the metal layer are presented. In this work for modeling the aerodynamics behavior, we use Krumhaar’s modified supersonic piston theory incorporating curvature influence, to simulate the aerodynamic stiffness and damping matrices. Also, for modeling the size effect, a modified couple stress theory with only one length scale factor is suggested. Data-driven solution with the aid of deep neural network with independent variables, input, hidden, and output layers, activation function, neural network’s intrinsic parameters, loss function, and hidden neurons is presented to solve the current applicable structure. The results show that the stability of the system is substantially impacted by the value of the yaw angle, and the link between Mach number and stability is heavily reliant on the value of the yaw angle. Another important outcome is that designing a spherical PSC and increasing its stability should have special attention to the a/b parameter. Also, future engineering research should have special attention that spherical solar cell has the highest natural frequency than other types of solar cells. Other important outcomes of the innovative PSC are presented in the results section for future handbooks on solar cells as sustainable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Critically ill patients are considered a high-risk group for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Due to their impaired cardiopulmonary reserve, these VTEs may result in significant morbidity and mortality. In this study, we compared two types of low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, and bemiparin, as regards to their efficacy and safety in VTE prevention among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized trial of 100 critically ill patients who are at high risk for developing VTE were included in this study and assigned to receive subcutaneous injections of either 3500 international units (IU) anti-factor Xa of bemiparin sodium or 40 mg of enoxaparin given once a day and patient were followed for 60 days after initiation of anticoagulant therapy for the development of documented deep venous thrombosis (DVT) using bilateral lower limb venous duplex, documented pulmonary embolism using computed tomography pulmonary angiography, and complications related to injectant anticoagulant. Results: Confirmed DVT was observed in two patients (4%) in the bemiparin group compared with 10 patients (20%) in the enoxaparin group with P < 0.05. Confirmed pulmonary embolism (PE) was observed in seven patients (14%) in the enoxaparin group with no recorded cases of confirmed PE in the bemiparin group (P < 0.05). No deaths were recorded in either group. Adverse events such as ecchymosis or hematoma at the injection site were observed in one patient (2%) in the bemiparin group and eight patients (16%) in the enoxaparin group (P < 0.05). There was no significant statistical difference between both groups as regards other adverse effects and complications related to the injectant anticoagulant. Conclusion: Bemiparin was superior to enoxaparin as a prophylactic anticoagulant for VTE in critically ill patients with less adverse local complications at the injection site. The study was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov, Registration ID: NCT02795065. Registered June 8, 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core/shell nanostructures of MNPs/inorganic materials have attracted enormous research interest due to their promising applications in bio-medicine, energy, electronics, the environment, etc. Although several approaches are available for the synthesis of these core/shell nanostructures, the use of large quantities of surfactants, multi-step synthesis procedures and long reaction times still remain as challenges to be overcome for industrial applications. In this study, a novel one-pot sonochemical approach was developed for the synthesis of core/shell iron oxide/silica and iron oxide/carbon nanostructures in aqueous medium. Interestingly, the total reaction time for the synthesis of the core/shell nanostructures is found to be shorter than for other reported methods. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy indicated that the sonochemical technique produces a uniform core/shell with a highly crystalline cubic structure. However, rod-like shaped nanostructures were obtained in the absence of ultrasound. The biocompatibility of the Fe3O4/SiO2 and Fe3O4/C nanocubes and nanorods was investigated and compared with iron oxide nanostructures in in vitro quantification of TK-6 and THP-1 cell viability using a CCK-8 assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and efficient chemical approach for the synthesis of Fe3O4/Au core/satellite nanocubes is reported. In a one-pot reaction, metallic Au nanodots were successfully deposited on the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) functionalized Fe3O4 nanocube surface for the fabrication of a core/satellite structure (Fe3O4/Au) by the reduction of HAuCl4 using ammonia. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping revealed that small Au nanodots of about 2 nm average size decorated the surface of Fe3O4 nanocubes. X-ray diffraction data was used to confirm the formation of both the phases of a cubic inverse spinel structure for Fe3O4 and a bcc structure for Au in the core/satellite structure of Fe3O4/Au nanocubes. The magnetic properties of the seed Fe3O4 nanocubes and Fe3O4/Au core/satellite nanocubes were measured by using a superconducting quantum interference device at 300 K. For biological application purposes, the as-synthesized Fe3O4/Au core/satellite nanocubes were functionalized by cysteamine followed by successful immobilization of streptavidin protein as confirmed through the fluorescence confocal microscopy images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the present paper is to introduce the new concepts "j-near concepts" in rough set context to be used as mathematical tools, approximating the rough sets and removing the vagueness (uncertainty) of rough sets. The basic notions of j-near approximations are sufficiently illustrated. Comparisons among the accuracy of these types of approximations are superimposed. We further investigate some practical examples to illustrate the importance of the suggested structures. Finally, several examples are given to indicate counter connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, for the first time, we introduce and study the new concepts near closure operators induced from binary relation. These operators represent a generalization to closure operators that are induced from binary relations. The suggested techniques will narrow the gap between topologists and those who are interested in applications with topology in their field. The fundamental properties of the suggested structures are obtained. Finally, we introduce some applications of the suggested structures in rough set theory. Moreover, we give a simple practical example to illustrate the importance of near concepts in rough set theory and we introduce comparisons between our approaches and other approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at investigating the effect of multi-direction stress and deformation boundary conditions on the volume change behavior of highly expansive compacted soils. Stress boundary condition refers to the stresses applied on the axial and lateral boundaries of the specimen. Deformation boundary condition refers to restraint imposed on the axial or lateral boundaries of the specimen. To this end, a series of response-to-wetting triaxial tests were carried out to simulate three boundary conditions; namely, constant isotropic stress (CIP), constant axial (CA) deformation, and constant volume (CV). In addition, a series of one-dimensional consolidation tests (oedometer tests) was performed to provide baseline information on volume change of expansive specimens under fully laterally restrained conditions. All tests, including the triaxial, axial stress and oedometer tests, were performed under a wide range of confining pressures, ranging between 50 and 800 kPa. Test results revealed that stress conditions had a significant effect on the magnitude and sign of strain realized during inundation of CIP and CA specimens. It was observed that axial restraint (in CA tests) or full restraint (in CV tests) induced time-dependent changes in stresses. In addition, this study demonstrated the effect of stress ratio, K, on the axial and volumetric swelling behavior of tested specimens. Finally, comparisons between triaxial and oedometer test results were conducted for realistic estimation of swelling strain under given boundary and stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correction to: I Scientific Reports i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16755-6, published online 22 July 2022 In the original version of this Article, A. M. El Shamy and S. Zein El Abedin were incorrectly affiliated with 'Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, P.B. 11,727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt'. Electrochemistry and Corrosion Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt. [Extracted from the article]

[Display omitted] • The anticorrosion effect of two inhibitors on C-steel in 1 M HCl was studied. • The polarization results show that (HBEDA) and (HBDETA) are mixed-type inhibitors. • The impedance data suggest the adsorption of the inhibitors on C-steel surface. • The Langmuir adsorption isotherm governs the adsorption mechanism. • QC and MC show that hetero atoms serve as active sites to facilitate adsorption. As part of the efforts made by many researchers to evaluate a lot of chemical compounds as inhibitors for carbon steel corrosion, this research focuses on novel two compounds of benzamide derivatives. The investigated compounds namely N, N -bis (p-hydroxybenzoyl) ethylenediamine (HBEDA) and N, N -bis (p-hydroxybenzoyl) Diethylenetriamine (HBDETA), were formulated then characterized using FTIR, 1HNMR, and elemental analysis to elucidate the structures chemically. Theoretical and experimental (electrochemical and morphology) studies made clear that (HBEDA) and (HBDETA) improve carbon steel (C-steel) inhibition efficiency in 1 M hydrochloric acid as concentrations increase (25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm). The benzamide derivatives acted as interface corrosion inhibitors in an electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS) experiment, and they acted as mixed type corrosion inhibitors in a polarization test. They yielded best efficiency gains of 95.8 percent for HBEDA and 99.6 percent for HBDETA. Information collected from the EIS technique was studied in order to represent the corrosion inhibition procedure using an equivalent circuit (EC). The elevated K ads values and negative ΔG ads (-28.71, −28.79 kJ/mol) values of the two compounds (understudy) revealed that they were strongly and spontaneously adsorbed at C-steel/electrolyte connections respectively, and the adsorption isotherm of Langmuir fitted widely with the empirical data. The Surface examination (morphology) of metal employing energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluations confirmed the adsorption of (HBEDA) and (HBDETA) on the substrate (C-steel). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study provides an analysis of the soil and vegetation composition at 10 sites in Wadi El Rayan Protected Area and concentrates on the environmental factors that affect plant species distribution. A total of 17 vascular plant species belonging to 13 botanical families was recorded. Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Zygophyllaceae were the largest families identified. Chorological analysis revealed that 47% of the studied species are Pluri-regional, 41% are Bi-regional and 12% are Mono- regional. The recorded species extend their distribution all over the Saharo-Arabian (33%) followed by Irano- Turanian (24%), Mediterranean (22%), Palaeotropical (8%), Sudano-Zambezian (5%), Neotropical (5%), and Euro- Siberian (3%). The life-form spectrum revealed that the phanerophytes (35%) and geophytes helophytes (23%) are the most frequent, followed by chamaephytes (18%), therophytes (12%), hemicryptophytes (6%), and helophytes (6%). The dominant species were Phragmites australis, Tamarix nilotica and Zygophyllum album; while the co-dominant species were Juncus rigidus, Nitraria retusa, Alhagi graecorum, Typha domingensis, Zygophyllum coccineum and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Variation in species diversity among different locations were evident, the Northeast of the Lower Lake(9 species), followed by the Southwest of the Lower Lake and the Northeast of the Upper Lake(6 species each) showed highest species richness, while the Southeast of the Lower Lake showed the lowest recorded species richness (one species). Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) Ordination techniques were used to examine the relationship between the vegetation and soil parameters; pH, electric conductivity, CaCO3, organic matter and relative concentrations of cations.CCA analysis showed positive correlations of species and sites along the most important ecological gradients. Both ordination techniques clearly indicated the importance of these ecological factors on the distribution of the vegetation pattern in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Penetrating head injuries with impacted foreign bodies are rare, associated with a high incidence of morbidity and potentially life-threatening. In this study, we aimed at investigating the outcome of these cases as well as analyzing the factors affecting the prognosis. Methods: A retrospective study in which the records of 16 patients who had penetrating head injuries caused by low-velocity impacted foreign bodies were revised. All patients were males with a mean age of 28.9 years (range, 18 to 50 years). The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 13 months with a mean of 8.1 months. Causes of injury were construction accidents in 6 (37.5 %) patients, assault in 6 (37.5 %) and road traffic accidents in 4 (25 %). The impacted objects included a bar of iron, a piece of wood, a nail, a sickle and a piece of glass. Diagnostic computerized tomography (CT) of the brain was carried out on admission in all patients. Thirteen (81.3 %) patients were submitted to surgery, and all had the appropriate management in the form of antibiotics and dehydrating measures as required. The primary outcome measure was the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at the end of follow-up. Results: At the end of follow-up, ten (62.5 %) patients had a GOS score of 5, two (12.5 %) patients had a score of 4, and four (25 %) patients had a score of 1. Conclusions: Low-velocity penetrating head injuries are most common in young adult males. With the appropriate management, a majority of even the most severe cases can have a favorable outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new Schiff base cationic surfactants were synthesized and their chemical structures confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy. The tensioactive and thermodynamic characteristics of their solutions were determined using surface tension/log concentration plots. The protection performance of the synthesized compounds against carbon steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution was evaluated using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The compounds were found to be excellent corrosion inhibitors, and their efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration. The mode of adsorption obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarization curves showed that the two compounds were mixed-type inhibitors. The temperature dependence of the corrosion rate in the absence and presence of these compounds was studied in a temperature range of 303 to 333 K using the weight loss data. Activation parameters E, Δ H, and Δ S were determined and discussed. In addition, the presence of a protective film on the carbon steel surface was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, static deformation, dynamic characteristic, and time response of laminated composite plates with surface-bonded shape-memory alloy (SMA) sheets are modeled. A modified higher order shear deformation theory with Ritz method is utilized. The energy balance equations are used to formulate the nonlinear heat transfer governing equations. The time response of the SMA/elastomer plate and the deflection as well as dynamic characteristics before and after activation of the SMA is computed. A Mathematica code is developed to analyze different plate problems. Parametric studies are performed for proposed structure system to demonstrate the effect of thickness ratio, aspect ratio, material properties, thermal expansion coefficient, electric input power, and thickness of SMA sheet on the transverse deflections, natural frequencies, and response time of the SMA layer. The obtained results are compared to the available studies solved by different theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove the existence and uniqueness of solution for fractional differential equations with Riemann-Liouville fractional integral boundary conditions. The first existence and uniqueness result is based on Banach’s contraction principle. Moreover, other existence results are also obtained by using the Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem. An example is given to illustrate the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of mild solution for fractional integrodifferential equations with nonlocal initial conditions are investigated by using Hölder's inequality, p--mean continuity and Schauder's fixed point theorem in Banach spaces. The Mittag-Leffler-Ulam stability results are also obtained by using generalized singular Gronwall's inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monodisperse Mn x Zn 1− x Fe 2 O 4 ( x = 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8) nanoparticles have been synthesized using two different routes namely sonochemical and polyol methods, and the shape and size along with physiochemical properties of the nanoparticles were compared in detail. In both the routes, the synthesis was performed in a single reaction without the use of any surfactant and deoxygenated conditions. The reaction kinetics and surface adsorption characteristics of nanoparticles were observed by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of a pure ferrite phase with cubic spinel structure, and the patterns further clearly indicate that the sonochemical method produces highly crystalline particles without any post calcination reaction, comparing with the polyol process. Transmission electron microscopy results reveal that the nanoparticles synthesized by polyol method are mostly aggregated and spherical in nature whereas the nanoparticles produced by sonochemical method are monodisperse large particles with cubic like shapes. The overall studies demonstrated that the sonochemical method is facile, reliable, rapid and very attractive for the aqueous synthesis of highly crystalline and high magnetic moment (84.5 emu/g) monodisperse superparamagnetic Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles which considered as potential materials for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution for a boundary value problem of fractional order involving two Caputo's fractional derivatives. Our investigation is based on Hölder's inequality together with Banach contraction principle and Schaefer's fixed point theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing is now a fundamental type of computing due to technological innovation and it is believed to be a benefit for mid-scale enterprises. The use of cloud computing is increasing daily, which improves service quality but also gives rise to security concerns. Finding trustworthy service can be very challenging, take a great deal of time, or produce subpar services. Due to these difficulties, the client needs a service that is dependable, suitable, time-saving, and trustworthy. As a result, from the end user's perspective, adopting a cloud service's trustworthiness becomes crucial. Trust is a measure of how well users' expectations about a service's capabilities are realized. In this research, a recommendation system for cloud service customers based on random iterative fuzzy computation (RIFTC) is proposed. RIFTC focuses on the assessment of trust using Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics. RIFTC calculates trust using the machine learning approach Support Vector Regression (SVR). RIFTC can helpfully recommend a cloud service to the end user and anticipate the trust values of cloud services.. Precision (97%), latency (51%), throughput (25.99 mbps), mean absolute error (54%), and re-call (97%) rates are used to assess how well this recommendation system performs. RIFTC's average F-measure rate is calculated by adjusting the number of users from 200 to 300, and it is 93.46% more accurate on average with less time spent than the current methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The evolution of several hygrothermal properties with moisture was measured. • Pith composites' properties present a particular sensitivity to moisture. • The transport of liquid water plays a significant role in hygroscopic transfers. • Wet/dry cup tests don't systematically follow sorption isotherms nor their average. • In wet/dry cup tests, the moisture content variation with thickness is almost linear. This paper deals with the experimental assessment of the influence of water content on thermal conductivity, thermal effusivity, heat capacity and vapor permeability of pith and hemp shiv composites. The results, which will be used to enrich modelling databases, show that all four properties increase their value with relative humidity, especially for pith composites, while remaining within adequate margins. They are compared to the results commonly measured for other porous construction materials, namely hemp concrete, wood, and rammed earth. This comparison allows to better understand the influence of the material morphology and nature on hygrothermal properties in presence of moisture. It has been noted that, in hygroscopic conditions, the specific heat cannot always be deduced from the specific heat of water and of the dry material due to the interactions between the adsorbed water and the material. On the other hand, the transport of liquid water has been observed to play a significant role in the hygroscopic transfers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the volume change behavior of expansive soils typically utilizes conventional oedometer which provide estimates of vertical strain and swelling pressure under fully lateral restrained conditions. In this study, testing was conducted on compacted highly expansive clay using a thin-walled oedometer to evaluate the state of stresses during inundation in both vertical and lateral directions in addition to the vertical strain. First, calibration, correction, and verification of the thin wall oedometer were described. Second, an experimental program was developed to evaluate the volume change behavior during inundation for a wide range of vertical stresses at inundation (σ i ) under two conditions: (i) constant vertical stress at inundation and (ii) constant volume. Results of tests under constant vertical stress at inundation indicate the dependency of strain state of expansive soil on the inundation vertical stress. Moreover, the vertical stress at inundation (σ i ) was observed to affect the vertical stress state after inundation for constant volume condition. Investigating the equilibrium vertical stress state after inundation under constant volume condition showed that there is one relation termed as “Swell-Collapse Equilibrium Line, SCEL” that represents the equilibrium condition after inundation for specimens subjected to different initial sample conditions prior to inundation. General trends of strain softening behavior for the evolution of lateral stresses with time were observed, particularly for the swelling zone. Stress path followed by tested samples was depicted. Interpretation of results in light of Barcelona Expansive Model (BExM) was also performed. An enlargement of yield envelop after loading to stresses greater than past stress history was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sahl El-Hussainia is an important reclamation project in Egypt located on El-Salam channel. Soils of these areas are irrigated with drainage water mixed with Nile water at a ratio of 1:1. North of Sahl El-Hussinia there exists Lake Manzalla, which receives large quantities of domestic, industrial, and agricultural discharges. The current study was aimed at measuring the contamination level of Sahl El-Hussainia soils with heavy metals and their effects on the grown plant contents of these contaminants. In addition, human risks resulting due to exposure to these heavy metals through different exposure routes were evaluated. To achieve these goals, soil and rice plant samples were collected from Khalid Ibn El-Waleed village, SahlEl-Hussainia, and analyzed for their contents of trace elements, i.e. Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, As, and Se. The results reveal that the soil of study suffers from moderate contamination with Pb, Co, Ni, and As to severe contamination with Cd and Se. Moreover, As and Pb were found at high concentrations in rice grains exceeding the permissible ones. The expected health risk assessments indicate that As, Se, and Pb can possess a health threat for children, whereas only As and Se can posses health problem for adults. Arsenic was found to contribute to more magnitude of cancer risks. Finally, bad management of Sahl El-Hussainia resulted in contamination of soil with trace elements. Accordingly, food obtained from the area of study might not be suitable for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of different sources of inocula, i.e. eggs, juveniles and cysts on the development, reproduction and virulence of the corn cyst nematode,Heterodera zeaeinfected corn cv. Giza 2 under greenhouse conditions (30?±?5?°C) revealed that the lowest final population and rate of build-up of the nematode were detected in those plants inoculated with juveniles; while the maximum values were obtained by eggs when used as initial inocula. Hence, the percentage of reduction in Giza 2 corn growth parameters were more pronounced in plants which had been inoculated with eggs as inocula comparing with those plants inoculated either by cysts or by juveniles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monodisperse Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles of different compositions have been synthesized using two different routes, such as sonochemical and polyol methods. In both the cases, the process was attempted in a single reaction in the absence of any surfactant and deoxygenated conditions. X-ray diffraction data on the samples confirmed formation of pure ferrite phase with spinel structure, and indicated that the sonochemical method produces highly crystalline particles compared to the polyol process. Transmission electron microscopy images reveal formation of different shapes, such as cubic, spherical, flower-like and amorphous depending on the method and composition of the ferrite. The magnetic properties of the synthesized Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles, measured by vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature, show that the highest magnetization value was obtained for the composition of Ni0.5 Zn0.5 Fe2O4 in both the synthesis methods. The results of both the methods were discussed by correlating the structure to the magnetism at nanoscales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Amorphous titania coated magnetite (Fe3O4/TiO2) nanocubes were successfully synthesized through hydrolysis and condensation of titanium isopropoxide and iron sulfate heptahydrate using single reaction sonochemical process for catalytic applications. X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the crystal structure, size and morphology, elemental composition, metal–metal and metal–oxygen bonds of the core/shell nanocubes. Magnetic properties of the samples were measured by a vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. Catalytic measurements on the samples showed an excellent efficiency for the degradation of methylene blue, and this efficiency was further promoted remarkably by addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) within only 5min of reaction time in the absence of ultraviolet irradiation. Even after recycling the sample for six times, the introduced catalyst was found to retain as much as 90% initial efficiency. A possible reaction mechanism for the sonochemical deposition of titania on the surface of magnetite nanocubes and also for the degradation process of methylene blue by the introduced catalyst was discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of articles published in scientific journals has skyrocketed; unfortunately, the quality of many of these articles leaves much to be desired.[[1]] We read with interest two publications from the same group[[3]] whose objectives were to demonstrate that normal speech generates droplets that can be suppressed by covering the mouth of a speaker and aerosols that persist for several minutes. The experiment was done in an environment with a relative humidity of 27%, which is below the minimum recommended indoor relative humidity of 40%.[5] Second, the authors assumed an average viral load in saliva of 7 × 10 SP 6 sp copies per mL on the basis of a prospective study[6] wherein viral load was measured in sputum. [Extracted from the article]

• The utilized ERE acts as an efficient eco-friendly and cost-effective corrosion inhibitor in 1.0 M HCl solution. • The polarization results stated that ERE exhibits as a mixed-type inhibitor. • The EIS data proved the mechanism of ERE as a corrosion inhibitor. • The excellent inhibiting ability of ERE was confirmed by QC calculations, MC simulations, and SEM studies. Considerable attention has been paid to utilizing eco-friendly and cost-effective corrosion inhibitors in oilfields. Regarding these criteria, the main objective of this work is the evaluation of the corrosion inhibition performance of an expired herbal drug on carbon steel in a 1.0 M HCl solution using electrochemical techniques. It was found that the herbal drug is an effective mixed-type inhibitor and the inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in concentration to achieve 97.5% at 1.2 g/L of the inhibitor. The adsorption model obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm out of both polarization and impedance results. Depending on the effect of temperature on the corrosion rate, the activation parameters E a , Δ H a o and Δ S a o were estimated and discussed. The structural–corrosion inhibition relationships have been assessed using quantum chemical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations on the chief chemical constituents of the extract. The computational studies confirmed the formation of an adsorbed film on the metal surface through several active centers of polysaccharides and glycosides constituents besides nitrogen atoms of alkylamides ones. Also, they supported the interaction of the unshared electron pairs of O and N atoms with the d-orbitals of Fe which, played a vital role in the adsorption of herbal drug molecules on the carbon steel surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]