Search

A simple higher-order model (HOM) is presented in this study for the bending analysis of an intact or delaminated composite and sandwich beam. This model adopts the concept of sub-laminates to simulate multilayered structures, and each sub-laminate takes cubic variation for axial displacement and linear variation for transverse displacement through the thickness. A sub-laminate possesses displacement components at its surfaces (bottom and top) that provide a straightforward way to improve the accuracy of prediction by stacking several sub-laminates. Thus, analysts will have the flexibility to balance the computational cost and the accuracy by selecting an appropriate sub-lamination scheme. The proposed model was implemented by developing a C0 beam element that has only displacement unknowns. The model was used to solve numerical examples of composite and sandwich beams to demonstrate its performance.

This study aims to examine the approach in teaching practice to "muallaf" (Muslim indigenous people: "orang asli") and the factors of attraction toward the acceptance of Islamic understanding among them. The study was conducted at the village of "muallaf orang asli" at Paya Sendayan, Temerloh Pahang, Malaysia. Design of this study are using the qualitative methods. Data were collected by observation and selected informant interviews based on purposive sampling methods. Data were analysed using the thematic methods. The results of the study found that the approach in teaching practice to "muallaf orang asli" is "syarah" (explanation) and discussion presented through storytelling, stimulation method and "talaqqi musyafahah" (face to face). Meanwhile, the results of the attraction factors toward the acceptance of teaching and learning among "muallaf orang asli" are aspect of reward, facilities, understanding and skills of teachers or educators for the socio-culture and role model shown by teachers or educators as well as the Muslim community nearby the living community. The findings of this study show that the teaching and learning of "muallaf orang asli" should be organized systematically in line with the factors of attraction in order to increase interest and earnestly.

The goal of this study is to forecast cash flow during the Covid-19 pandemic in food and beverage companies registered on the Indonesian stock exchange using gross profit, operational profit, and net profit. This study employs a sample of 18 businesses to make it quantifiable. SPSS version 26 was utilized for the analysis in this study. According to the study's findings, gross profit has a positive and significant impact on cash flow, operating profit and net profit do not, but gross profit, operating profit, and net profit all have an impact on cash flow simultaneously. It is clear that gross profit has the greatest impact on cash flow. This shows that the company's cash flow will increase along with its gross profit. This study provides input to enrich the theory about the relationship between cash flow and company profits.

Here, five bonds to carbon through tri-coordination are theoretically established in the global minimum energy isomers of Al3C3− anion (1a) and Al3C3 neutral (1n) for the first time. Various isomers of Al3C3−/0 are theoretically identified using density functional theory at the PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level. Chemical bonding features are thoroughly analyzed for these two isomers (1a and 1n) with different bonding and topological quantum chemical tools, such as adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP), Wiberg Bond Indices (WBIs), nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), and atoms in molecules (AIM) analyses. The structure of isomer 1a is planar with C2v symmetry, whereas its neutral counterpart 1n is non-planar with C2 symmetry, in which its terminal aluminum atoms are out of the plane. The central allenic carbon atom of isomers 1a and 1n exhibits tri-coordination and thus makes it a case of five bonds to carbon, which is confirmed through their total bond order as observed in WBI. Both the isomers show σ- and π-aromaticity and are predicted with the NICS and AdNDP analyses. Further, the results of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal their kinetic stability at room temperature; thus, they are experimentally viable systems.

The use of fractal–fractional derivatives has attracted considerable interest in the analysis of chaotic and nonlinear systems as they provide a unique capability to represent complex dynamics that cannot be fully described by integer-order derivatives. The fractal–fractional derivative with a power law kernel is used in this paper as an analytical tool to analyze the dynamics of a chaotic integrated circuit. Using coupled ordinary differential equations of classical order, the complexity of an integrated circuit is modeled. The classical order model is generalized via fractal–fractional derivatives of the power law kernel. Moreover, this paper is concerned with investigating the Ulam stability of the model and conducting theoretical studies in order to analyze equilibrium points, identify unique solutions, and verify the existence of such solutions. By examining the complex dynamics that result in chaotic behavior, these investigations shed light on the fundamental properties of integrated circuits. For the purpose of exploring the non-linear fractal–fractional order system, a numerical algorithm has been developed to facilitate our analysis. MATLAB software has been used to implement this algorithm, making it possible to carry out detailed simulations. Simulating solutions are accomplished using 2D and 3D portraits, which provide visual and graphical representations of the results. Throughout the simulation phase, particular attention is given to the impact of fractional order parameter and fractal dimension. As a result of this study, we have gained a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of the system and its response to variations in values.

It is essential for mathematicians, physicists, and engineers to construct fractional mathematical models for specific phenomena and develop numerical or analytical solutions for these models. In this work, we implement the natural decomposition approach with nonsingular kernel derivatives to investigate the solution of nonlinear fractional forced Korteweg–de Vries (FF-KdV) equation. We first investigate the FF-KdV equation under the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative. The similar equations are then examined using the Atangana–Baleanu derivative. This approach combines the decomposition method with the Natural transform method. The series solution of the suggested equations is thus obtained using the natural transform. The key benefit of this novel approximate-analytical approach is that it may provide an analytical solution for the FF-KdV problem in the form of convergent series with simple computations. For each equation, three unique situations are chosen to demonstrate and test the viability of the proposed method. To guarantee the competence and dependability of the proposed method, the nature for various values of the Froude number Fr have been provided. The present approach is also used to calculate solutions at various fractional orders. The approximate series solution’s behavior for various fractional orders has been graphically displayed. The outcomes demonstrate that the methodology is simple to use and reliable when applied to numerous fractional differential equations.

In this study, a novel three-step learning-based machine learning (ML) methodology is developed utilizing 26 000 experimental records from The Perovskite Database Project. A comprehensive set of 29 features encompassing both categorical and numerical data was utilized to train various ML models for various solar cell performance metrics, including open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current (JSC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The model accuracy was assessed using four key metrics: mean absolute error, mean square error, root mean square error, and R2 score. Among the constructed models, random forest (RF) emerged as the standout performer, boasting an R2 score of 0.70 for PCE. This RF model was then used for prediction on the large, optimized design pool of Sn-based perovskite data with intent to probe a viable non-toxic substitute to the standard Pb-based absorber. A three-step algorithm was tailored, which led to the discovery of a new set of feature combinations, showcasing a PCE improvement over the existing peak performance of Sn-based devices. The key aspects identified were device architecture, dimensionality, and deposition procedures for essential layers, including the electron transport layer, the hole transport layer, the perovskite absorber layer, and the back-contact. Through consideration of these features, an impressive increase in PCE was achieved. There was a 28.35% increase in PCE from 12.24% to 15.71% for architecture optimization and a 24.6% increase in PCE from 12.24% to 15.25% for deposition method optimization. This study additionally addresses the effective implementation of target encoding applied to a diverse set of categorical feature labels. The data-driven methodology proposed in this study allows scientists to efficiently identify an optimal architecture and deposition parameters for non-toxic Sn-based perovskite materials with a much higher anticipated device PCE compared to traditional trial-and-error analyses. Further exploration and exploitation of the current investigation is expected to lead to successful and sustainable development of highly efficient Sn-based perovskite solar cells.

To study magneto-acoustic waves in plasma, we will use a numerical method based on the Natural Transform Decomposition Method (NTDM) to find the approximative solutions of nonlinear fifth-order KdV equations. The method combines the familiar Natural transform (NT) with the standard Adomian decomposition method. The fractional derivatives considered are the Caputo–Fabrizio and the Atangana–Baleanu derivatives in the sense of Caputo derivatives. Adomian polynomials may be employed to tackle nonlinear terms. In this method, the solution is calculated as a convergent series, and it is demonstrated that the NTDM solutions converge to the exact solutions. A range of two- and three-dimensional figures have been used to illustrate the dynamic behavior of the derived solutions. The tables provide a visual representation of numerical data. The physical behavior of the derived solutions about fractional order is further demonstrated by several simulations. When addressing nonlinear wave equations in science and engineering, the NTDM offers a broad range of applications. Several examples are given to highlight the importance of this work and to demonstrate the simplicity and trustworthiness of the method.

This study explores the factors influencing the innovation process and examines regional innovation management in regency and city level organizations in Indonesia. Using secondary data from financial and innovation sources, the research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach. The sample is made up of 383 regencies and 95 cities in Indonesia. The POEMS framework, which assesses five elements, is used in the analysis: Person, Object, Environment, Message/Media, and Service. The findings highlight the importance of various dimensions, including leadership, vision, and mission; income levels and regional capital spending; transparent governance and accountability mechanisms; regulatory environment; and efficient service delivery. By contextualizing the findings within the existing literature, the study adds to the body of knowledge on regional innovation management. However, limitations include relying on secondary data and focusing on specific organizational levels in Indonesia. Future research should consider primary data collection and broader samples. In designing effective strategies and policies to promote regional innovation, the findings of the study provide insights for policy makers, practitioners, and researchers.

This Study aims to create a Falling Floor type of Rats Trap that can automatically catches and kills rats that enter the trap and then, it will send a notification to the user’s phone via telegram chat app also automatically set it back to steady state again once the times given to kill the rat is over by using a sensor while system is controlled by a microcontroller. The system consists several main components that construct the system, first Wemos D1 “a wifi connections ready microcontroller” that controls whole system, an ultrasonic sensor as the main input, it detects the range of the sensor from the rat that enter the trap, the exact range will be determined as the the right condition so that system says a rat is detected, servo motors that used as rat traps mechanic that move each exact part of rat traps, like moves the rat enter‘s door, moves the trap floor, and moves the fences insde the rat cage, and especially systems should be connected to an internet connection by the wemos D1, so that system can sends a notification to user’s phone if a rat caught by the system with overall success rate is 67%.

Background: Mushrooms have been in use as food and ethnomedicines since ancient times. Ethnomycological information has been drawn from aboriginal and common masses in different regions of the world including India. However, no such ethnomycological survey has been conducted in the present study area. Therefore, present study was carried out to draw the ethnomycological knowledge about the usage of mushrooms for various purposes held by local populace and to evaluate this drawn knowledge for various ethnomycological parameters. Methods: Different areas of South Kashmir were surveyed to document this declining traditional knowledge source. A total of 200 respondents including traditional healers (hakims), mushroom hunters, tribals and local people encompassing all the age groups were interviewed. Ethnomycological data sets were evaluated for various parameters and were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: A total of 32 species were found to be used as food and ethnomedicines against diabetes, cardiovascular complications, respiratory problems, skin disorders, etc. It was also revealed that the ethnomycological information is equally distributed across the gender, however maximum ethnomycological information was found to be held by the elder age group. Conclusions: Ethnomedicinal uses of 32 mushroom species were documented which need further exploration for other properties that could be used for human welfare on robust scale. The knowledge compiled during the study can be passed on to young generations of the local inhabitants and forest dwellers and could serve to acquaint them about this declining traditional knowledge source.

This study raises the issue of whether the Minnesota model in solving university selection physics questions gets the right results in terms of answers and time. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using the Minnesota problem-solving model for the accuracy of answers and time in solving physics problems. The type of research is quantitative research with experimental methods. The population of this study was students of class XI from senior high school in Banda Aceh. The sample in this study was two classes. There was the experimental class and control class. Determination of the sample is done by purposive sampling. The approach used is a quantitative approach with the type of experimental research. The data was collected using a written test technique and data processing using an analysis of the effectiveness of the accuracy of the answers using an assessment rubric that has been validated and using t-test statistics, as well as the effectiveness of the use of time analysis based on the average time use of the two classes. The results of the data analysis showed that the average value of the experimental class using the Minnesota problem-solving model was higher than the control class, and the experimental class’s time usage was faster than the control class. It was stated that the Minnesota problem-solving model was effectively used in solving physics problems.

Abstract Several scientists are interested in recent developments in nanotechnology and nanoscience. Grease is an essential component of many machines and engines because it helps keep them cool by reducing friction between their various elements. In sealed life applications including centralized lubrication systems, electrical motors, bearings, logging and mining machinery, truck wheel hubs, construction, landscaping, and gearboxes, greases are also utilized. Nanoparticles are added to convectional grease to improve its cooling and lubricating properties. More specifically, the current study goal is to investigate open channel flow while taking grease into account as a Maxwell fluid with MoS 2 nanoparticles suspended in it. The Caputo-Fabrizio time-fractional derivative is used to convert the issue from a linked classical order PDE to a local fractional model. To determine the precise solutions for the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions, two integral transform techniques the finite Fourier sine and the Laplace transform technique are jointly utilized. The resultant answers are physically explored and displayed using various graphs. It is important to note that the fractional model, which offers a variety of integral curves, more accurately depicts the flow behavior than the classical model. Skin friction, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number are engineering-related numbers that are quantitatively determined and displayed in tabular form. It is determined that adding MoS 2 nanoparticles to grease causes a 19.1146% increase in heat transmission and a 2.5122% decrease in mass transfer. The results obtained in this work are compared with published literature for the accuracy purpose.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and impact of Christianity as a missionary religion on the Islamic da'wah in Indonesia, where the Muslim community has a long history of resistance to colonialization, which was initiated by the Christian community. Furthermore, a qualitative descriptive method was used with data predominantly obtained through the observation of facts in the Christianization field. In addition, the effects of Christianity on the Islamic da'wah were analyzed through a review of documentation and reference studies. The results showed that some of the methods used by Christians in spreading their religion and movements were occupation, politics, Western citizens, poverty, diseases, consciousness weakness, self-preparation, Muslims' indulgence, financial guarantees, Laziness in teachings, preparing the missionaries, and brainwashing. By utilizing these methods, Christians often proclaimed their denomination and congregation, ultimately leading to various community conflicts. The findings suggest the need for a healthy and productive dialogue from a new perspective to resolve conflicts, promote harmony, and create a fairer, peaceful, and innovative civilization that views religion through spiritual perspectives.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA is known to be shed upon reactivation of latent EBV. Based on our previous findings linking Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) to an EBV DNA-driven surge in IL-17A production, we aimed to examine the therapeutic potential of TLR9 inhibition in EBV DNA-exacerbated arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. C57BL/6J mice were administered either collagen, EBV DNA + collagen, EBV DNA + collagen + TLR9 inhibitor, or only the TLR9 inhibitor. After 70 days, paw thicknesses, clinical scores, and gripping strength were recorded. Moreover, affected joints, footpads, and colons were histologically scored. Furthermore, the number of cells co-expressing IL-17A, IFN-γ, and FOXP3 in joint sections was determined by immunofluorescence assays. Significantly decreased paw thicknesses, clinical scores, and histological scores with a significantly increased gripping strength were observed in the group receiving EBV DNA + collagen + TLR9 inhibitor, compared to those receiving EBV DNA + collagen. Similarly, this group showed decreased IL-17A+ IFN-γ+, IL-17A+ FOXP3+, and IL-17A+ IFN-γ+ FOXP3+ foci counts in joints. We show that inhibiting TLR9 limits the exacerbation of arthritis induced by EBV DNA in a CIA mouse model, suggesting that TLR9 could be a potential therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis management in EBV-infected individuals.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a Herpesviridae family member, is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune disease development in the host. We previously demonstrated that EBV DNA elevates levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A and that inhibiting Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, 7, or 9 reduces its levels. Moreover, this DNA exacerbated colitis in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the study at hand, we examined whether inhibition of TLR3, 7, or 9 alleviates this exacerbation. Mice were fed 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) water and administered EBV DNA. Then, they were treated with a TLR3, 7, or 9 inhibitor or left untreated. We also assessed the additive impact of combined inhibition of all three receptors. Mice that received DSS, EBV DNA, and each inhibitor alone, or a combination of inhibitors, showed significant improvement. They also had a decrease in the numbers of the pathogenic colonic IL-17A+IFN-γ+ foci. Inhibition of all three endosomal TLR receptors offered no additive benefit over administering a single inhibitor. Therefore, inhibition of endosomal TLRs reduces EBV DNA exacerbation of mouse colitis, offering a potential approach for managing IBD patients infected with EBV.

Nonlinear fractional-order differential equations have an important role in various branches of applied science and fractional engineering. This research paper shows the practical application of three such fractional mathematical models, which are the time-fractional Klein–Gordon equation (KGE), the time-fractional Sharma–Tasso–Olever equation (STOE), and the time-fractional Clannish Random Walker’s Parabolic equation (CRWPE). These models were investigated by using an expansion method for extracting new soliton solutions. Two types of results were found: one was trigonometric and the other one was an exponential form. For a profound explanation of the physical phenomena of the studied fractional models, some results were graphed in 2D, 3D, and contour plots by imposing the distinctive results for some parameters under the oblige conditions. From the numerical investigation, it was noticed that the obtained results referred smooth kink-shaped soliton, ant-kink-shaped soliton, bright kink-shaped soliton, singular periodic solution, and multiple singular periodic solutions. The results also showed that the amplitude of the wave augmented with the pulsation in time, which derived the order of time fractional coefficient, remarkably enhanced the wave propagation, and influenced the nonlinearity impacts.

Hydrogen production through water splitting involves separating hydrogen and oxygen using different technologies. The copper-chloride (Cu-Cl) cyclic reaction is a promising method of hydrogen production due to its low operating temperature, which allows it to use low-grade waste heat from industries, leading to reduced heat discharge to the environment. The process forms a closed loop, with all intermediate chemicals being recycled. All of the chemical and electrochemical reactions can be carried out at temperatures that do not exceed about 530 °C. The heat requirement of this process can be satisfied by an intermediate temperature. This study aims to assess the energy efficiency of an integrated system comprising a chemical heat pump as a heat recovery unit and copper-chloride thermochemical cycle water splitting for hydrogen generation. The simulation is conducted using Aspen Plus software to analyze the energy and mass balance of each stream in the process. The results indicate that the Cu-Cl cycle alone has an energy efficiency of 41.14 % and an internal heat recovery ratio (IHHR) of 72 %. Integrating the Cu-Cl cycle with two chemical heat pump hierarchies could enhance the overall process efficiency to 48.14 %.

BackgroundLung cancer is more common in posttransplant recipients than in the general population. The objective of this study was to examine the chimerism donor/recipient cell origin of graft cancer in recipients of lung transplant.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted at Foch Hospital for all lung transplantations from 1989 to 2020. Short tandem repeat PCR (STR-PCR) analysis, the gold standard technique for chimerism quantification, was used to determine the donor/recipient cell origin of lung cancers in transplant patients.ResultsFourteen (1.4%) of the 1,026 patients were found to have graft lung cancer after lung transplantation, and one developed two different lung tumors in the same lobe. Among the 15 lung tumors, 10 (67%) presented with adenocarcinoma, four (27%) with squamous cell carcinoma and one with small cell lung cancer. STR analysis showed that the origin of the cancer was the donor in 10 patients (71%), the recipient in three patients (21%), and was undetermined in one patient. Median time to diagnosis was 62 months.ConclusionThe prevalence of lung cancer in lung transplant recipients is very low. However, the results of our study showed heterogeneity of genetic alterations, with 21% being of recipient origin. Our results highlight the importance of donor selection and medical supervision after lung transplantation.

The validity of the use of financial statements as a source of information for detecting financial distress is questionable because of the opportunistic behaviour of the company’s management. This study aims to analyse the effect of accrual earnings management, real earnings management, and family control on the Z-score financial distress prediction. Using the sample that includes 372 firm years of observations for the 2017 to 2019 periods listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, this study found that accrual earnings management, real earnings management, and family control variables affect the Z-score financial distress prediction and cause a higher probability for the company to be in the category of better financial condition. The novelty of this study lies in earnings management and family control as factors that affect the category of assessment and the probability of assessing the company’s financial condition as a better company. Empirical evidence from this study is important for investors and company creditors, as input to consider these factors in using the company’s financial distress prediction model. For standard setters, the results of this study can be used as input for establishing corporate governance design rules to improve the quality of financial information.

Background: Well-planned verbal autopsies can provide timely, robust, and plausible information on mortality causes and can have positive influence on disease control priorities. The present study was intended to assess probable causes of death in rural areas of Anand district of Gujarat State by implementing “Verbal autopsy tool.” Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted where all recorded 227 deaths from six villages of selected areas during January 2017 to December 2018 were considered for the study. Multiple steps were employed in conducting verbal autopsy including staff training, development of study questionnaires, physician’s involvement in assigning causes of death etc. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Software with Version 24. Results: Out of 227 deaths, the maximum deaths were attributed to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The predominant NCDs among deceased individuals were cardiovascular diseases (66.01%), malignancy (21.56%), chronic pulmonary diseases (9.80%) and Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (2.63%). Among communicable diseases, nearly 48% of deceased individuals had bacterial infections including Tuberculosis followed by viral infections including HIV (31%), parasitic infections (21%). Conclusions: Despite few limitations, lay reporting of deaths supplemented with physician assignment of cause of death for verbal autopsies, remains a practicable strategy to record the various patterns of mortality reliably for unattended deaths.

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the “totally extra-peritoneal” repair (TEP) using three midline ports with “enhanced view totally extra-peritoneal repair” (eTEP) repair in the management of inguinal hernia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital by analyzing a prospectively maintained database over a period of 3 years. Data from 152 patients with inguinal hernias were analyzed who were operated in equal numbers, either by TEP repair or by eTEP repair. Follow-up data of 1 year were also analyzed. In the TEP group, five patients, and in the eTEP group, four patients had not completed the mandatory 1-year follow-up and as such were excluded from the final analysis. Thus, the total number of patients considered for final analysis was 143 (TEP [71], eTEP [72]). RESULTS: The average operative time in TEP repair using three midline ports was 68.16 minutes and that in eTEP repair was 65.12 min (P = 0.4321). No statistically significant difference was noted in the intraoperative and postoperative complication rates between these two techniques. The Surgeon’s Satisfaction Score was significantly better in the eTEP group as compared to the TEP group (P = 0.0023). The recurrence rates (P = 0.7861) and postoperative hospital stay were not different between the two techniques (P = 0.7125). CONCLUSION: In experienced hands, both TEP and eTEP provide similar results; however, eTEP provides an overall better surgeon satisfaction score.

Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental illnesses that are frequently disregarded as disorders. It is estimated that more than 5% of the population suffers from depression or anxiety. Although there have been a number of studies in these fields, the majority of the research focuses on one or two factors for detection purposes, whereas these factors are not mutually inclusive and vary among studies. To mitigate these issues, we first consider all possible symptoms associated with depression and develop a multimodal diagnosis system that may take into account any number of patient-specific factors. If multiple factors can be addressed within a single learning model, it is advantageous for data collection and future development. To facilitate training with missing modalities, we propose an attention-based multimodal classifier with selective dropout and normalization, which can facilitate the training of various multimodal datasets on one neural network. We have experimented with three multimodal datasets with varying modalities to show the impact of combined training in one neural network and achieved an F1 score of 0.945. However, missing modalities in the model can create uncertainty in the prediction. For uncertainty approximation, the Monte Carlo dropout (MC dropout) and the spectral-normalized neural Gaussian process (SNGP) with the coefficient of variation and S1-Score metrics are implemented to provide important information about multimodal diagnosis processes. In the experiment, selective dropout with SNGP achieved a coefficient of variation in loss of 0.384 and an S1-score of 0.9374.

This article presents an alternative ac–ac converter topology and its control for low-speed three-phase induction motor drives fed from single-phase ac mains. The proposed matrix converter based drive system eliminates the dc link capacitor, thus facilitating high power density and system reliability. The primary challenge in controlling a $1\phi$ to $3\phi$ matrix converter is to navigate the discrepancy of instantaneous power across the $1\phi$ grid and $3\phi$ load via a direct ac–ac converter. In order to address this concern, it is proposed to use mathematical modeling of the motor and input LC filter for state selection, in order to deliver improved current waveforms. Enhanced performance is demonstrated through simulations, and further validated using experimental results. Particularly improved power quality performance is achieved at low motor speeds, where precise low-speed sensorless operation is ensured through suitable speed observer.

The purpose of this study is to determine the form of need for a social competency training model to improve the performance of elementary school teachers. This research uses the Research Development method with a research and development design at the preliminary study stage as a needs and content analysis, the source of the data is the working group of elementary school teachers in Takalar Regency which amounts to 32 people. The results showed that: Training in communicating orally, in writing, and/or gestures; Training uses communication and information technology functionally and implements ethics, values, and norms that apply in the community in the need category. The training applies the principles of fraternity and the spirit of togetherness on average 3.82 or very much need. This means that the four indicators of teacher social competence require a training model to improve teacher performance. The results of this study contribute to providing information to educational institutions and working groups of elementary school teachers as input in conducting training and references for subsequent research.

The emission of nitrogen oxide (NOx), nitrogen monoxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) from vehicle exhaust gas generates an adverse effect to the environment as well as the human health. Therefore, the need to reduce such emission is urgent. The decrease of the emission can be achieved through the use of catalytic converter. This study explains the application of catalytic converter prepared from activated carbon to enhance the activity through its adsorption ability. The activated carbon was derived from banana peels after heating them up at 400 ºC for 1.5 hours and activation using natrium hydroxide (NaOH). Several techniques including N2 adsorption-desorption, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were adopted to characterize the activated carbon properties. The activated carbon formed was then coated with copper. The activity of the catalytic converter using activated carbon coated with copper was then tested for its performance on diesel engine Yanmar TF 70 LY-DI with variations in the number of catalyst layers, namely 1 layer (C1), 2 layers (C2) and 3 layers (C3). Sample with three layers (C3) of catalyst exhibited the highest activity with the percentage efficiency in reducing emissions concentration of 48.76 %; 31.27 % and 29.35 % for NOx, NO and CO, respectively.

This research aimed to find out how the development, feasibility, and effectiveness of android-based guidance and counseling primary service media are used to increase the conceptual understanding of the reproductive system and adolescents sexual behavior during the post-pandemic period. The researchers employed the Borg and Gall’s concept by involving nine stages starting from potential and problem mapping, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trial, product revision, trial use, and product revisions. The research instruments were media expert validation questionnaires, linguists, material experts, student and educator response questionnaires, concept understanding tests, and documentation. The sample used in the limited-scale test was 10 students, while in the wide-scale test there were 76 students. Based on the results of the research on the feasibility test of android-based primary service media on the conceptual understanding of the reproductive system and adolescents sexual behavior, the percentage of material experts was 82%, linguists was 82 %, and media experts was 84 %, all in the very decent category. The results of the questionnaire respondents were very positive in which it was seen from the results of the teacher's response questionnaire that was 94 % and 85 % of students with ‘very interesting’ criteria. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the media can be seen from the average N-gain of the experimental class 0.58 (moderate) and N-gain of the control class 0.57 (moderate). Independent t-test with a sig 2-tailed 0.00 was less than 0.05 (alpha). Thus, it is concluded that the android can increase the conceptual understanding of the reproductive system and adolescents sexual behavior.

Vocational higher education is one of the types of Indonesian higher education. In practice, entrepreneurship has been considered the most important subject that should be taught in vocational higher institutions. Numerous studies have been conducted by discussing the topic of vocational education and entrepreneurship in Indonesia. However, limited studies have been conducted on implementing entrepreneurship education at the Indonesian vocational higher education level. This study aims to explain the status and challenges of entrepreneurship education in Indonesian vocational higher education institutions. The method used in the study was based on a descriptive qualitative method focusing on a contextual review of the literature. The review is enhanced by collecting data from articles, books, reports, and vocational higher education intuitions' websites. This study found that entrepreneurship education has been implemented in vocational higher education institutions, although some aspects still need improvements. Further, the development of entrepreneurship education in vocational higher education institutions in Indonesia is confronted by internal and external challenges. Lastly, the study's findings have significant implications for researchers, policymakers, and entrepreneurship educators. Keywords: challenges; entrepreneurship education; institutions; status; vocational higher education

This research aims to analyze the effect of sukuk structure and sukuk guarantee status on sukuk rating. The research was conducted based on companies in the financial sector and non-financial sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and included in the rating conducted by PT Pefindo for the period 2015-2019. A total of 65 samples were selected using purposive sampling method. The data source in this study is secondary data in the form of the company's annual financial statements. The data analysis methods used are ordinal logistic regression analysis The results showed that the sukuk structure has an opportunity to lower the sukuk rating, while the sukuk guarantee status has the opportunity to increase the sukuk rating. Then for simultaneous test results, sukuk structure and sukuk guarantee status have an effect on sukuk rating.

This study focuses on the numerical illustration of bubble growth and addresses the inherent interface deformation problem associated with phase change in the Volume of Fluid (VOF) interface tracking method. To avoid the interface deformation, this study proposes a cell alternation algorithm that could simulate bubble growth with a sharp interface. The proposed algorithm identifies two types of cells near the vicinity of the interface, which include the primary-interface-cell and small-interface-cell. This algorithm computes mass transfer associated with a phase change at the primary interface cell and relocates it to a nearby cell full of vapor. The predictive accuracy of the proposed method is assessed with a one-dimensional Stefan phase change problem. In the case of the Stefan phase change problem, the results of simulations agree well with the results of the theoretical solution, and the predictive accuracy increases as the grid are refined. In addition, the proposed method is verified with two engineering problems which include bubble growth on a constant temperature surface and bubble growth in a microchannel. The simulation results show a good agreement with the results of the experiment in terms of bubble growth rate, bubble shape, and other parameters associated with experiment. Also, an insight into the temperature and velocity fields is provided in simulation which cannot be achieved directly through experiment.

We intend to investigate numerically non-isothermal fluid flowing through a rectangular channel containing a perforated plate called screen with fixed refraction as well as the resistance coefficient. Air is permitted to flow with an initial temperature of 20 °C and with an initial rate of 1 (m/sec) from the entrance of the channel. A heater with a temperature of 50 °C and flux condition of 10 (W/m2) is applied at the lower boundary of the channel. The two-dimensional incompressible and the steady-state Navier Stokes equation along with the heat equation are worked out with the Galerkin’s Least Square method using COMSOL Multi-Physics. The difference in temperature and the velocity magnitude from the entrance to the exit of the channel is contrasted in terms of angles π/18to π/4. The heat transfer coefficient, the temperature, and the local Nusselt number are calculated downstream of the plate. Moreover, we have focused the behavior or orientation of velocity field, pressure, temperature, and friction factor through the screen with the help of five straight paths arranged with equal distance. Satisfactory results are achieved when compared with the available literature. The parameters of the heat transfer are affected by the angle of the perforated plate and the Nusselt number is increasing linearly with the angles and showing the exceptional pattern for all the angles. Finally, we suggested the angle of attack to achieve the optimum results for velocity field, temperature at the downstream, friction factor and the pressure.

In this study, the use of biodiesel from nyamplung oil (Calophyllum Inophyllum) was studied through a transesterification reaction using a heterogeneous catalyst of CaO from limestone originating from Pamekasan, Madura. The composition ratio used between nyamplung oil and methanol in the transesterification reaction was 1:12 (mol/mol) with the addition of 4% CaO catalyst. The biodiesel that is formed is then tested for its performance and emission characteristics in diesel engines with various fuel mixtures between pure diesel and biodiesel (B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40, B-100 and S-100). The test results for biodiesel blends with the highest power produced from B-10, B-20, B-30 and B-100 fuels were 0.26 kW each at a load of 250 watts. While at a load of 500 watts, the highest power is obtained from the B-40 fuel, which is 0.58 kW. The results of performance testing using S-100 fuel obtained the highest power values ​​of 0.27 and 0.58 kW, respectively, with a load of 250 and 500 watts. Performance testing for biodiesel blends, the highest torque value was obtained when using B-10, B-20, B-30 and B-100 fuels, which were 1.65 N.m each with a load of 250 watts. While at a load of 500 watts, the highest torque is obtained on B-40 fuel, which is 3.69 N.m. The fuel S-100 produces torque of 1.71 and 3.69 N.m, respectively, with a load of 250 and 500 watts. Emission gases characteristics of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) showed the lowest concentrations obtained in B-100 fuel were 387 ppm, 92 ppm and 96 ppm, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest concentrations of CO, NO and NOx emissions were produced from pure diesel fuel (S-100), namely 574 ppm, 126 ppm and 132 ppm, respectively.

This article describes the introduction of the Pan American Health Organization’s HEARTS in the Americas program in Trinidad and Tobago and the successful experiences and challenges encountered in introducing and scaling it up as a strategy for strengthening the health system’s response to cardiovascular diseases. Evidence about implementation of the HEARTS program in the World Health Organization’s Region of the Americas was reviewed to identify the progress made, barriers, success factors and lessons learned. In 2019, the Ministry of Health commenced implementation of the program in 5 (4.9%) of the 102 primary health care centers, and by the end of 2021, it had been scaled up to 46 (45.0%) centers. The HEARTS program ensures that patients’ cardiovascular health is managed in a comprehensive way through providing counseling about a healthy lifestyle, using evidence-based treatment protocols, ensuring access to essential medicines and technologies, and using a risk-based team approach, a monitoring and evaluation system and also a teambased approach to care delivery. The barriers encountered during implementation included the fragmentation of the existing health care system, the paternalistic role assumed by health care professionals, the resistance of some health care workers to change and a lack of team-based approaches to providing care. Successful implementation of the program was enabled through ensuring high-level political commitment, establishing the national HEARTS Oversight Committee, ensuring stakeholder involvement throughout all phases and implementing standardized approaches to care. When implemented in the context of existing primary health care settings, the HEARTS program provides an exceptionally well integrated and comprehensive model of care that embodies the principles of universal health care while ensuring the health of both populations and individuals. Thus, it enables and promotes a strengthened primary health care system and services that are responsive and resilient.

Despite possessing non-renewable properties, fossil fuel is still widely used as a major energy source. Subsequently, the fossil fuel demand has been increasing while the supply is depleting over time leading to an energy crisis. Fossil fuel also causes associated environmental problems such as emissions as the primary driver of global warming and climate change. Thereby, the development of alternative fuels, such as bioethanol, is beneficial to combat the fossil fuel challenges. Bioethanol is a promising fuel owing to its renewable and environmentally friendly characteristics. In this study, bioethanol was synthesized by a fermentation process over yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae). The feedstock for this process is an abundant resource namely black sticky rice. Bioethanol resulting from this process was mixed with gasoline and applied to a motorcycle machine. The performance of bioethanol was defined by power, torque, and emission. The proportion of the mixture was varied with bioethanol content of 0%, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, and 40%. The mixture of bioethanol-gasoline produced higher power and torque value compared to gasoline. The E40 mixture had the highest power and torque value with 8.5 hp and 9.2 Nm respectively. However, the combustion of bioethanol-gasoline resulted in more CO2 emission, while the emissions of O2, NO, and NOx were lower. The lowest NOx emissions content was obtained at E30 and E40 blends, about 7 ppm. Meanwhile, the lowest NO emission content was obtained at E30 and E40 blends, about 6 ppm.

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى قياس العوامل المحددة للإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في الدول النامية ذات الدخل المتوسط الاعلى ضمن تصنيفات الدخل للبنك الدولي وتشمل خمسة دول وهي (المكسيك, البرازيل, ماليزيا, رومانيا والصين) للمدة 1996-2020. ولغرض التعرف على اهم عوامل جذب هذا النوع من الاستثمار في هذه الدول إعتمدت الدراسة على الأسلوب الكمي بإستخدام نموذج الإنحدار الذاتي للإبطاء الموزع والمتعلق بمعطيات بيانات البانل المتوازنة (Panel-ARDL) وذلك لتقدير معلمات تلك العوامل المحددة تدفق الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر على المديين القصير والطويل والمتمثلة في كل من (معدل نمو الناتج المحلي الإجمالي, الاستقرار السياسي, إجمالي تكوين رأس المال, معدل التضخم وسعر الصرف). وتبين من نتائج الدراسة بأنه على المدى القصير لا يوجد تأثير معنوي ذو دلالة احصائية بين الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر والمتغيرات المفسرة له, أما نتائج التقدير على المدى الطويل لقد أظهرت علاقة إيجابية ذات تأثير معنوي بين الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر وكل من معدل نمو الناتج المحلي الإجمالي والاستقرار السياسي وإجمالي تكوين رأس المال في دول عينة الدراسة خلال المدة التي غطتها الدراسة. اما المتغيرات التي أثرت بشكل سلبي على الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر فهما كل من متغير سعر الصرف ومعدل التضخم, فالأول كان ذات تأثير سلبي ومعنوي أما الثاني فكان ذو اثر سلبي ولكن غير معنوي, وكان متغير معدل نمو الناتج المحلي الاجمالي هو الأكثر تأثيرا في جذب الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر, وتقترح الدراسة بأنه على دول الدراسة ان تواصل خطواتها في إطار المحافظة على الاستقرار الإقتصادي, وإعداد خطة إستثمارية شاملة وواقعية لجميع الفرص الاستثمارية, وكذلك العمل على إستقرار الأوضاع السياسية والتي تعد من العوامل المهمة في تحقيق الحجم المرغوب لتدفق رؤوس الأموال الأجنبية في دول الدراسة.

Researchers have reported an excellent desire for power storage devices that are more reliable and long-lasting. Battery storage devices are used in waste-to-energy recovery, wind power, mixed energy generation, and heating reactor designs. There are three more helpful methods for storing heat energy: Latent heat storage, like sensible heat storage and chemical heat storage, is a type of energy storage. In these processes, latent thermal energy storage is quite expensive and productive. Melting is a technique for storing heat energy in a material. The substance is frozen to release the stored heat energy. Melting phenomena include freezing a ground-based pump’s heat exchanger coils, tundra melting, magma solidification, and semiconducting processes. Because of the importance mentioned above, the current study investigates the behavior of a two-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid with heat radiation influence across a stretchable surface. The melting process, quadratic thermal and solutal stratification viscous dissipations, and Joule heating effects will also be examined. The impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion will also be assessed. Moreover, the binary chemical reaction will be included when evaluating the MHD mixed convective flow. The governing nonlinear equations of velocity, temperature, and concentration of nanoparticles will also be used to form the constructed fluid model. Under the boundary layer approximation, the equations governing the problem are reduced into non-linear and dimensionless ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformations. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using the convergent approach. The Maxwell fluid parameter enhances while the magnetic field parameter decreases the velocity of the nanofluid, which is one of the most noteworthy findings of the study. However, when the Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters increase, the fluid temperature increases. The decrease occurs in the concentration profile with improving solutal stratification estimations while growing with enhancing chemical reaction parameters. With the increase in nanoparticle volume fraction, the nanofluid’s temperature decrease, but the nanofluid’s velocity improves.

UMKM adalah kependekan dari Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah yang merupakan bagian penting dari pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu daerah atau negara. Demikan juga halnya dengan Kota Padang, dimana UMKM sangat berperan dalam peningkatan kemajuan ekonomi daerah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana penggunaan teknologi informasi, Inovasi dalam menciptakan produk, dan orientasi pada pasar berpengaruh pada keunggulan UMKM sektor kuliner Kota Padang. Adapun teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, dengan objek penelitian adalah Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di bidang kuliner yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Padang Barat, Kota Padang. Pada kecamatan Padang Barat Kota Padang, terdapat 3.892 UMKM di bidang kuliner yang dijadikan populasi. Sementara itu, yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 120 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji instrumen penelitian, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, dan uji hipotesis yang menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa teknologi informasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keunggulan bersaing UMKM di sektor kuliner Wilayah Padang Barat, inovasi produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan serta orientasi pasar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keunggulan bersaing UMKM di sektor kuliner Wilayah Padang Barat. Berdasarkan temuan ini dapat dikatakan bahwa pelaku usaha UMKM harus dapat memanfaatkan teknologi informasi, dan melakukan inovasi produk, serta adanya orientasi terhadap pasar agar menjadi unggul dalam bersaing

The PjBL-STEAM model of wetland contexts is a learning model that can improve students' critical thinking and self-efficacy skills. It is carried out by utilizing the wetland environment as a medium for learning electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions. This study aims to determine the improvement of students’ critical thinking and self-efficacy through the PjBL-STEAM model in the context of wetlands. This present study employed quasi-experimental experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The participants were obtained through convenient sampling with the inclusive criteria of students of class X MIA 3 at SMAN 3 Barabai. The data were obtained through critical thinking tests and self-efficacy questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive analysis. The results showed that the PjBL-STEAM model in the wetland context could improve the critical thinking ability and self-efficacy of students with an N-gain value of critical thinking ability of 0.58, with a moderate category and N-gain self-efficacy of 0.75 with a high category. In other words, applying the PjBL-STEAM model in wetland contexts effectively improves students' critical thinking and self-efficacy skills.

The primary goal of this study is to create and characterise solitary wave solutions for the conformable Fractional Coupled Boussinesq-Whitham-Broer-Kaup Equations (FCBWBKEs), a model that governs shallow water waves. Through wave transformations and the chain rule, the authors used the modified Extended Direct Algebraic Method (mEDAM) for transforming FCBWBKEs into a more manageable Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation (NODE). This accomplishment is particularly noteworthy because it surpasses the drawbacks linked to both the Caputo and Riemann–Liouville definitions in complying to the chain rule. The study uses visual representations such as 3D, 2D, and contour graphs to demonstrate the dynamic nature of solitary wave solutions. Furthermore, the investigation of diverse wave phenomena such as kinks, shock waves, periodic waves, and bell-shaped kink waves highlights the range of knowledge obtained in the study of shallow water wave behavior. Overall, this study introduces novel methodologies that produce valuable and consistent results for the problem under consideration.

The main features of scientific efforts in physics and engineering are the development of models for various physical issues and the development of solutions. In order to solve the time-fractional coupled Korteweg–De Vries (KdV) equation, we combine the novel Yang transform, the homotopy perturbation approach, and the Adomian decomposition method in the present investigation. KdV models are crucial because they can accurately represent a variety of physical problems, including thin-film flows and waves on shallow water surfaces. The fractional derivative is regarded in the Caputo meaning. These approaches apply straightforward steps through symbolic computation to provide a convergent series solution. Different nonlinear time-fractional KdV systems are used to test the effectiveness of the suggested techniques. The symmetry pattern is a fundamental feature of the KdV equations and the symmetrical aspect of the solution can be seen from the graphical representations. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that only a small number of terms are required to arrive at an approximation that is exact, efficient, and trustworthy. Additionally, the system’s approximative solution is illustrated graphically. The results show that these techniques are extremely effective, practically applicable for usage in such issues, and adaptable to other nonlinear issues.

Disharmony and regulation arrangement is one of the problems in Indonesia that has not been completely resolved. Efforts have been made by the government and various parties. But in reality, disharmony and regulation arrangement are still a problem in Indonesia. There needs to be an out of the box solution, one of which involves the judicial power to organize regulations. The researchers in this article have two problem formulations, namely (1) how is the arrangement of regulations through judicial power from the theoretical aspect? and (2) how is the arrangement of regulations through the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court to realize a synchronized and harmonious simplification of regulations? First, regulatory arrangements can be made by the judiciary through instruments and processes called judicial review. Theoretically, judicial review can be used as an instrument and a process for structuring regulations so that they are synchronous and harmonious. In Indonesia, a judicial review has been applied to the authority of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. This means that theoretically, regulatory arrangements can be made by the judiciary, in this case the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. Second, the judicial review carried out in the context of structuring regulations must be comprehensive on all types of laws and regulations and systematically tiered. Judicial review can also be done horizontally and vertically.

Bariah Mohd-Ali,1 Yu Chen Low,1 Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin,1 Norlaili Arif,1 Hamzaini Abdul Hamid,2 Wan Haslina Wan Abdul Halim,3 Siti Salasiah Mokri,4 Aqilah Baseri Huddin,4 Norhani Mohidin5 1Optometry and Vision Science Program, Research Centre for Community Health, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 4Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 5Optometry Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Bariah Mohd-Ali, Optometry and Vision Science Program & Research Centre for Community Health (REACH), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia, Tel +6019-3296835, Email bariah@ukm.edu.myPurpose: Eyeball shape varies with refraction and body stature. Nevertheless, there are few reports on three-dimensional measurements of eyeball shape in children. The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to investigate the associations between three-dimensional measurements of ocular dimensions, refractive error, and body stature in young Chinese children with myopia in Kuala Lumpur.Materials and Methods: Thirty-five female and 35 male school children aged 8– 9 years old were recruited in this study. Cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) and visual acuity (VA) were determined using a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) chart. Body mass index (BMI), body height, and head circumference were ascertained. Three ocular dimensions, that is, longitudinal axial length (LAL), horizontal width (HW), and vertical height (VH), were determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results: There were significant differences among the ocular dimensions in the myopic children. Bonferroni-corrected pairwise t-tests showed that LAL was significantly longer (mean difference, 0.318 mm) than VH, which was in turn significantly longer (mean difference, 0.245 mm) than HW. Body height was significantly correlated with LAL (p < 0.001) and SE (p < 0.001), and multivariate linear regression confirmed that longer LAL and more myopic SE were associated with increased body height (p < 0.001 for both) but not BMI (p = 0.894 and p = 0.413) or head circumference (p = 0.305 and p = 0.226).Conclusion: This study confirms previous reports that changes in ocular dimensions are associated with body height in young children. Axial elongation (forming a prolate profile) occurs in myopic children of both genders at a young age.Keywords: height, BMI, ocular shape, MRI analysis, axial length

Mastery of abstract chemistry concepts requires learning strategies to facilitate students to make mental imagery to the submicroscopic level. This study aims to analyze the differences in students' mastery of the ionic equilibrium in salt solutions concept by applying the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model with multilevel representation. The study applied a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The research samples were 61 students of natural science 11th grade SMAN 6 Banjarmasin, which were determined by random cluster sampling. This test instrument is in the form of reasoned-multiple choice with a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) score of 1 (valid), reliability score of 0.96 (very high), difficulty index is moderate to difficult, distinguishing power is moderate to good, and sensitivity item is a sensitive category. Data were analyzed inferentially using an unpaired ttest. This research found that the PBL model with multilevel representation increased the students’ thinking ability at Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) levels. The student's mastery of the ionic equilibrium in salt solutions concept learned by using the PBL model with multilevel representation was better than by using the PBL model.

The piping system design due to pressure will experience vibrations due to the excitation force that comes from the pump. Excitation force occurs due to changes in fluid flow velocity. In addition, the length of the pipe and the large number of bends of the pipe due to cross with other installations, cause vibrations in the pipe. vibration analysis in the pipe should not be underestimated, where it is necessary to identify the causes of vibration in the pipe due to flow and placement of good support and the effect of obstacles in the pipe flow to prevent failure of the pipe. In addition, clogging of pipelines can result in reduced system carrying capacity, wastage of energy and resources, and the potential for increased likelihood of environmental and health problems. Therefore, this study will discuss the identification of blockage of water flow in pipes using the vibration method. The excitation force comes from the fluid flow flowing in the pipe, while the vibration response is generated using the accelerometer sensor provided with the FFT Analyzer. Retrieval of data using the accelerometer as a vibration sensor served by Ono Sokki's FFT analyzer which is then analyzed using Matlab. Installation with four supports shows that the resonance that occurs in the installation of two supports can be reduced, but it causes the magnitude of the iron pipe to increase, while the PVC pipe decreases at a frequency of 5 Hz. In general, the result of installing four supports shows that the noise on the PVC pipe is reduced while the iron pipe is getting higher due to the installation of a barrier in the pipe due to water flow. The vibration pattern that occurs uses a harmonic response simulation, the vibration pattern that occurs uses a harmonic response simulation.

This study, considers the fractional order cable model (FCM) in the sense of Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives (R-LFD). We use a modified implicit finite difference approximation to solve the FCM numerically. The Fourier series approach is used to examine the proposed scheme’s theoretical analysis, including stability and convergence. The scheme is shown to be unconditionally stable, and the approximate solution converges to the exact solution. To demonstrate the application and feasibility of the proposed approach, a numerical example is provided.

Kaolin with alumina and silica content is used as the main material in this research to study the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite. The hydrothermal process was carried out through different aging times, namely 12, 24 and 36 hours. Tetrapropyl ammonium bromide (TPABr) was used as a template for the Mobile Five-1 (MFI) structure guide. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instruments were used to characterize the ZSM-5 zeolite formed from the synthesis results. This was done to identify the phase change from kaolin to zeolite ZSM-5. The results of the analysis using XRD for all samples showed a characteristic peak of the ZSM-5 zeolite at 2θ around 7.88°; 8.72° ;23.09°; 23.84° and 24.32°. However, samples with an aging time of 12 hours also showed peaks at 2θ around 15.84° and 26.03° which indicated an analsim phase. The absorption bands from the FTIR characterization for all samples are seen at wave numbers around 453, 542, 793, 1088 and 1221 cm−1 which are the characteristic peak points of ZSM-5 zeolite. The longer the aging time indicates that the crystallinity of the ZSM-5 zeolite is increasing. The highest crystallinity was obtained from ZSM-5 zeolite samples which were aged for 36 hours. This indicates an increasing number of ZSM-5 crystal nuclei with high purity because there is no other phase besides the ZSM-5 phase.

حوار مع أ. د عبد المجيد الصغير حول: "تاريخ الفكر الكلامي ومآلاته؛ محاولة في التأسيس لنموذج تفسيري مركب"

The purpose of this study is to optimize the electrical energy cost (EC) of air conditioning (AC) with consideration of different wall characteristics. The type of wall characteristics is based on the varying composition of the wall. For example: Styrofoam, soil, calcium carbonate and iron. There are three kinds of wall that have been evaluated to design an economical building. To fulfill the goal of this research, a cooling model of building has been designed to optimize the electrical EC of the AC considering to temperature room. Under numerical optimization the electrical EC can be computed by considering thermal conductivity (K) and outside temperature (Tout). Consequently, the electrical EC for Building-1, Building-2, and Building-3 can be reduced to IDR 25,000, IDR 23,000, and IDR 20,000, respectively. In addition, this model is tested considering the value of Tout in Barru South Sulawesi-Indonesia during the entire day of July 17th, 2021 in dry session with geographical coordinates are 4° 24′ 20″ South, 119° 36’ 23” East and Latitude −4.436417.

In this study, we report biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using CaO catalyst derived from Madura limestone through a transesterification reaction. Many limestone quarries in Madura can be used as heterogeneous catalysts because they are cheap, easy to separate, and have high basicity. Conversion of limestone into CaO catalyst through calcination at 900°C for 3 hours. The CaO catalyst formed was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) instruments. Biodiesel formed through the transesterification reaction was analyzed using GC-MS. Furthermore, biodiesel blends from waste cooking oil and pure diesel were prepared in volume percentages (B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40, and B-100) for testing on diesel engine performance. The results of testing the highest torque and brake horsepower (BHP) were obtained on pure diesel fuel (S-100) at 2.49 Nm and 381.12 watts, respectively. The lowest fuel consumption at 1500 rpm is produced on the B-20 at 0.186 kg/h. Overall, the emission characteristics of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and nitrogen monoxide (NO) with the lowest concentration resulted from biodiesel blends rather than pure diesel.