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Vascular endothelial dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance of vasodilation and vasoconstriction, deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proinflammatory factors. This dysfunction is a key to the early pathological development of major cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Therefore, modulation of the vascular endothelium is considered an important therapeutic strategy to maintain the health of the cardiovascular system. Epidemiological studies have shown that regular consumption of medicinal plants, fruits, and vegetables promotes vascular health, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This is mainly attributed to the phytochemical compounds contained in these resources. Various databases, including Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Directory of Open Access Journals, were searched to identify studies demonstrating the vascular protective effects of phytochemical compounds. The literature had revealed abundant data on phytochemical compounds protecting and improving the vascular system. Of the numerous compounds reported, curcumin, resveratrol, cyanidin-3-glucoside, berberine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and quercetin are discussed in this review to provide recent information on their vascular protective mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Phytochemical compounds are promising therapeutic agents for vascular dysfunction due to their antioxidative mechanisms. However, future human studies will be necessary to confirm the clinical effects of these vascular protective mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem in this study is to determine what types of metaphors exist in the lyrics of the song Ojo Kumba Futung letang dulionong in Dulolong Village, Northwest Alor District, Alor Regency, and what their meanings are. The goal of this research was to explain and analyze the metaphor in the lyric of the song Ojo Kumba Futung letang dulionong, which was performed in Dulolong Village, Northwest Alor District, Alor Regency. The author employed qualitative research, which is based on the interpretation of meaning and phenomena or events that occur in society but are difficult to quantify with numbers or other precise measurements. According to the findings of the research, there are numerous types of metaphorical poems in Dulolong village with diverse meanings, some of which have connotations in marriage, others in the lego-lego dance, and even poetry with meanings in brotherhood, which is known as Ojo in the local language. Letang Dulionong Kumba Futung The poem by Ojo Kumba Futung Letang Dulionong has a very positive connotation for the Dulolong community, and it explains the evidence of a close brotherhood. This line was chanted at a gathering of traditional chiefs to work on the Uma Kakang Tribe's traditional dwelling. Poetry plays a vital role in a variety of activities such as traditional parties and weddings, as these poems give art that can help set the tone for these events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present advancement in the information/science and technology has brought the human beings closer to each other. While living in the global village people are more interested in each other’s culture than past. But at the same time they also want to sustain their own cultures distinctively. In this multilingual and multicultural world, translation plays an important role in the process of communication. Present research focuses on self-translation of the Urdu novel Udaas Naslain into English The Weary Generations. The omissions in translated text have been targeted in particular to highlight their ideological implications for the target audience in general and on the theme of partition in particular. In this regard, Nida’s notion of subtraction/omission (1964) has been used as a theoretical framework and both texts ST and TT have been comparatively analyzed. The study finally concludes that the omissions in the TT affect the message in the ST significantly and the theme of partition is distorted in particular. Moreover, the ideological implications of the ST are also compromised up to greater extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linguistic performance of a teacher owns great significance for generating a successful communication through classroom discourse. A successful classroom communication results into triumphant transfer of conceptual and actual knowledge to the students. This process of communication is disturbed by changing the medium of instruction (MOI) at different levels and it may have negative impact on the linguistic performance of the teachers as well as learning performance of the students. Present research was particularly accomplished to appraise the stance of teachers on change of medium of instruction (COMOI) in Pakistan. A quantitative research method was followed and a questionnaire (close ended) was used for collection of relevant data. A multilayered sampling technique was used for selection of respondents. After comprehensive data analysis, it was revealed that male and female teachers have considerable difference of opinion concerning consequences of COMOI. The study further reveals that COMOI creates more trouble for the students’ learning performance than teachers’ linguistic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation is an important and effective source of cross-cultural communication in the present world. However, there are some deforming tendencies which may affect the transfer of original meaning from one language to other. The present research carries out a comparative analysis of the Urdu novel Udaas Naslain and its English translation The Weary Generations. In this context, five excerpts have been selected from the source text (ST) and the corresponding target text (TT) which portray the themes of imperialism and human sufferings. The study is qualitative in nature and examines the structural and semantic aspects with reference to Berman’s notion of domestication. This phenomenon is explored through rationalization which is one of the deforming tendencies of Berman’s model (1985/2004) of textual deformations. Through a comparative analysis, it has been found that the structural inequalities between the two languages distort and deform the intended meanings of the ST in the TT. The loss of meaning is found in the themes of imperialism and human sufferings. The TT seems to be translated with a different ideology in mind that favors the imperialist and does not represent true conditions of the source country. Finally, it is concluded that the presence of rationalization in translation has largely domesticated the TT on the cost of structural and semantic equivalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determine role of non formal basic education in promoting literacy in district Rajanpur. Data was collected by questionnaire by likert scale questionnaire to the randomly selected 241 teachers from 241 literacy centers of District Rajanpur. Multi-grade random sampling is sued for the representation. Factor of role of non formal basic education and promotion of literacy is the main sub variable of the study. Promotion of literacy based on the responses of teachers. Accumulative mean scores of the teacher’s responses show prevalence of promotion of literacy due to role of non formal basic education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postal delivery is the world's longest-running service business process. Every city on the planet has this service, which is supported by a network of various depots serving as collection and delivery points. In distributing postal item delivery, Pos Indonesia through the Postal Processing Centre (PPC) is a distribution streamline that connects cities and regions with delivery centres closer to the final customer. Pos Indonesia has previously established a distribution pattern based on a zone-based system comprising a primary distribution centre and various delivery centres, delivery schedules, internal fleets, and predetermined routes.However, with reduced production capacity, as demonstrated by reducing traditional mail and less than truckload operations and anticipating customer needs for timely delivery, delivery patterns with fixed schedules and the internal fleet are unable to address this issue. Close-Open Mixed Vehicle Routing Problem (COMVRP) is proposed to optimize delivery by involving external fleets, and this is to reduce transportation costs where external fleets do not have fixed costs and do not need to return to PPC after delivery. The Genetic Algorithm is used to find heuristic solutions for each delivery history after Nearest Neighbor (NN)implementationto validate vehicle routes. Combined COMVRP-NN-GA produces a set of solutions, which will be used in the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The results demonstrate that COMVRP outperforms existing scenarios, from optimizing six-vehicle routes to estimating five routes using a single external vehicle route, significantly reducing total mileage. The simulation findings based on the historical delivery dataset may be used to develop future delivery patterns based on the number of vehicles and total route distance and reduce transportation costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on shortest paths are significantly impactful given its wide range of applications especially in transportation and route planning. This study provides an additional solution to various existing optimizationmethods by proposing a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach incorporated with Haversine formula to find the solution to shortest path problems. Two cases are taken into account, namely Looping Shortest Path (LSP) and No Looping Shortest Path (NLSP). The algorithm is tested for a road map containing 20, 30, and 40 cities. The experiment is repeated several times to find the best combination of genetic parameters and operators for the problem under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The novel Nd 2 S 3 based rGO electrode materials were developed via hydrothermal route. • The Nd 2 S 3 based rGO electrode was used for supercapacitor application. • The Nd 2 S 3 /rGO nanohybrid contain the specific capacitance (C s) of 782.46 F g−1 @ 1 A/g. • The Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO nanocomposite display excellent supercapacitive performances. The two-dimensional metal sulphide acts as potent electrodes for supercapacitors; instead, they require further cycle stability and performance rate improvements before they can be used in real-world applications. Improved supercapacitor efficacy can be achieved by developing binder-free and hierarchical carbon nanohybrid electrode materials. Herein, we report the fabrication of a binder-free Nd 2 S 3 -based rGO nanohybrid electrode via the hydrothermal route for energy-saving equipment. Several analytical tools were used to determine the physiochemical features of the all-synthesized electrode materials. Several electrochemical tests, such as cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), were utilized to determine the pseudocapacitive nature of fabricated materials. The C s from GCD of Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO nanohybrid (782.46 F g−1) was greater than Nd 2 S 3 (332.69 F g−1) and reduced GO (470.18 F g−1). Furthermore, the Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO electrode shows excellent cyclic stability with a rate capability of 90 % over 5000th cycles. It facilitates the perfect connection for fast electrolyte ion diffusion between the electrolyte and electrode surface. Incorporating rGO into rare earth metal sulphide significantly enhances the capacitive characteristics of the electrode due to providing a larger surface area and enriching active zones. These findings suggest that supercapacitors may be constructed using binder-free Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO electrodes, resulting in better electrochemical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petrochemical-based synthetic plastics poses a threat to humans, wildlife, marine life and the environment. Given the magnitude of eventual depletion of petrochemical sources and global environmental pollution caused by the manufacturing of synthetic plastics such as polyethylene (PET) and polypropylene (PP), it is essential to develop and adopt biopolymers as an environment friendly and cost-effective alternative to synthetic plastics. Research into bioplastics has been gaining traction as a way to create a more sustainable and eco-friendlier environment with a reduced environmental impact. Biodegradable bioplastics can have the same characteristics as traditional plastics while also offering additional benefits due to their low carbon footprint. Therefore, using organic waste from biological origin for bioplastic production not only reduces our reliance on edible feedstock but can also effectively assist with solid waste management. This review aims at providing an in-depth overview on recent developments in bioplastic-producing microorganisms, production procedures from various organic wastes using either pure or mixed microbial cultures (MMCs), microalgae, and chemical extraction methods. Low production yield and production costs are still the major bottlenecks to their deployment at industrial and commercial scale. However, their production and commercialization pose a significant challenge despite such potential. The major constraints are their production in small quantity, poor mechanical strength, lack of facilities and costly feed for industrial-scale production. This review further explores several methods for producing bioplastics with the aim of encouraging researchers and investors to explore ways to utilize these renewable resources in order to commercialize degradable bioplastics. Challenges, future prospects and Life cycle assessment of bioplastics are also highlighted. Utilizing a variety of bioplastics obtained from renewable and cost-effective sources (e.g., organic waste, agro-industrial waste, or microalgae) and determining the pertinent end-of-life option (e.g., composting or anaerobic digestion) may lead towards the right direction that assures the sustainable production of bioplastics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial disorder and is the most significant public health concern nowadays. Previous study showed that essential oil extracted from Momordica charantia's seed exhibited gastroprotective effect. However, the evidence for the gastroprotective effect of its active compound, polypeptide K (PPK), remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the preventive effect of PPK against different experimental gastric lesions models in rats. The possible gastroprotective effect of PPK was assessed in hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in Sprague Dawley rats and was further evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Pyloric ligation experiments were used to investigate gastric secretion. Oral administration of PPK at all concentrations (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) showed significant p < 0.05 reduction in total area of lesion in both hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models. The highest inhibition rate was seen in PPK dose of 50 mg/kg with 64.9% and 72.2% on hydrochloride ethanol and indomethacin models, respectively. Microscopically, PPK preserved the normal architectures of the gastric tissues from being damaged by hydrochloride ethanol and indomethacin. Further, in the pyloric ligation studies, PPK significantly p < 0.05 decreased the ulcer area where the highest protection was exhibited by 50 mg/kg with 70% inhibition rate. Moreover, all concentrations of PPK also significantly p < 0.05 enhanced the gastric wall mucus secretion. Collectively, this study demonstrated the gastroprotective effect of PPK on hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models. The possible mechanism might be associated with enhanced mucus secretion and thus lowering the total acidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coding metasurfaces have been introduced as efficient tools allowing meticulous control over the electromagnetic (EM) scattering. One of their relevant application areas is radar cross section (RCS) reduction, which principally relies on the diffusion of impinging EM waves. Despite its significance, careful control of the scattering properties poses a serious challenge at the level of practical realization. This article is concerned with (global) design optimization of coding metasurfaces featuring broadband RCS reduction. We adopt a two-stage optimization procedure involving data-driven supervised-learning, sequential-search strategy, and direct EM-based design closure of the entire metasurface oriented toward maximizing the RCS reduction bandwidth. Our framework is then used to develop a two-bit coding metasurface. To handle the combinatorial explosion at the concurrent meta-atom optimization stage, a sequential-search strategy has been developed that enables global search capability at low computational cost. Finally, EM-based optimization is executed to maximize RCS reduction bandwidth at the level of entire metasurface. The properties of the coding metasurface are demonstrated using monostatic and bistatic RCS performance. The 10-dB RCS reduction can be obtained in the frequency range of 14.8–37.2 GHz, in a monostatic configuration. Also, 15-dB RCS reduction can be maintained in the frequency range of 16.7–37 GHz. Simulations are validated using physical measurements of the fabricated prototypes. Finally, the performance of the structure is benchmarked against recently reported designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All companies in the world are currently in a condition affected by the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic that emerged at the end of 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine how the direct influence of the work environment on employee performance, the direct influence of motivation on employee performance, and to determine the effect of the work environment through motivation and its impact on employee performance at The Body Shop Indonesia Distribution Center. The population and sample of the object of this research are all employees who work in the Distribution Center of The Body Shop Indonesia, totaling 39 people. The results of the study indicate that there is a direct and significant influence of the work environment on employee performance, then there is also a direct and significant influence of motivation on employee performance and proves that there is an influence of the work environment through motivation on employee performance at the Distribution Center of The Body Shop Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research looks into the ethics of Peaceful Coexistence as defined by the late Muslim philosopher Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. It analyses how Bediüzzaman Said Nursi's nonviolent ethics, which are founded on the Qur'an, could be useful in finding answers to the worldwide problem of violence, especially as it is encountered in the modern world. First and foremost, it aspires to add to the growing body of work in the field of Islamic ethics, which is still underrepresented in comparison to the literature on Islamic law. The second part of it concentrates on Nursi's nonviolence ethics and how they are conveyed in his writings. Nursi never supported violence and urged people to avoid it at all costs. In Risale-i-Nur, he always promoted peace and harmony. Nursi never advocated violence and constantly encouraged people to avoid it. In Risale-i-Nur, he always preached peace, although he is still unknown as an Islamic person who supported coexistence. Due to some reactionary militant forces in the Muslim world, Islam has become a source of debate today. The relationship between violence and religion has always been a source of heated dispute [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotary Inverted Pendulum (RIP) mimics the behavior of many practical control systems like crane mechanism, segway, unicycle robot, traction control in vehicles, rocket stabilization, and launching. RIP is a fourth-order nonlinear open-loop unstable dynamical system and is widely used for testing the effectiveness of the newly developed control algorithms. In this paper, a Hybrid Control Scheme (HCS) based on energy balance and fuzzy logic controllers is proposed to implement the swing up and stabilization control of RIP. In the proposed control scheme, the fuzzy logic-based state feedback gains are dynamically tuned in real-time by minimizing the absolute error between the desired and actual states to get robust control performance. The proposed HCS is also compared with the conventional Linear Quadratic Controller (LQR) for this application. The comparative results show that the proposed fuzzy logic-based hybrid control scheme gives the optimal control performance in terms of achieving satisfactory transient, steady-state, and robust responses from a given RIP system, as compared to the conventional LQR based control scheme. The proposed control scheme is also relatively less complex with a low computational cost and provides desired response characteristics as compared to the existing ones in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A barley variety "Jau‐17" was germinated and its flour was used as a supplement in the whole wheat flour of Anaj‐17 to evaluate its suitability for chapatti. The treatments contained 0%–25% germinated barley flour in whole wheat flour. The analysis of the supplemented flour revealed a significant increase in the nutritional constituents except for gluten content that decreased from 31.0% to 28.0%, carbohydrates from 73.9% to 71.0%, and phytates from 1.91 to 1.04 g/100 g. The results for dough rheology (dough development time and water absorption) of the supplemented flour also exhibited a significant improvement. The supplemented chapatti depicted a momentous increase in protein content (11.34%–15.15%), mineral matter (1.46%–2.30%), fat content (1.03%–1.22%), calorie content (330.66–336.88 KCal), and β‐glucan level (0.95%–2.15%), while a significant reduction in carbohydrates (54.62%–51.53%) was noted at 25% supplementation. Nutritive quality of chapatti enhanced considerably at 25% substitution level but sensory quality indicated good acceptability at 20% supplementation of germinated barley. It may be concluded that germinated barley flour can be supplemented with wheat flour to make nutritionally rich chapatti. Novelty impact statement: Wheat is a staple food consumed mainly as chapatti. Germinated barley flour can be added into the whole wheat flour at a 20% substitution level to improve the rheological properties of supplemented dough and can be used to produce cost‐effective, highly digestible, and good quality dietetic chapatti possessing low phytates and better acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents Transient hypoxia in water irradiated by swift carbon ions at ultra-high dose rates. Topics discussed include Large doses of ionizing radiation delivered to tumors at ultra-high dose rates paradoxically spare the surrounding healthy tissue while preserving anti-tumor activity; and this new modality is known as "FLASH radiotherapy" (FLASH-RT).

Repeated measurements designs (RMD) are economical but with the use of these designs, residual or carry over effects may arise. To control these effects, balanced or strongly balanced RMDs should be used. In this article, using cyclic shifts, some infinite series are developed to obtain non-circular balanced and strongly balanced RMDs in periods of equal and unequal sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate effects of phenylephrine vs noradrenaline on lactate level during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesia, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2019. Methodology: A total of 200 patients, divided in two groups, group A and B, each consisting of 100 patients. Group A received phenylephrine and group B received noradrenaline, keeping mean arterial pressure between 65-90 mmHg. Serum lactate level was measured before induction, before initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass, after cooling, after rewarming and before shifting to ICU by collecting ABGs blood sample. Lac, Bicarbonate, PH, Hb and Base excess in patients at different time Points was measured. Data was stratified for age, gender, BMI and ASA class (II/III) to deal with effect modifiers. Post stratification T-test was applied taking p-value ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results: Lactate levels before induction were 1.30 ± 0.05 and 1.40 ± 0.04 in phenylephrine and noradrenaline groups with no statistically significant difference (p= 0.134). Lactate levels before cardiopulmonary bypass were 02.77 ± 1.82 and 03.83 ± 1.17 in phenylephrine and noradrenaline groups with no statistically significant difference (p=0.229). Lactate levels after cooling were 04.98 ± 01.67 in phenylephrine group and 06.11 ± 1.35 in noradrenaline group, with statistically significant difference (p= 0.003). Lactate levels after rewarming were 05.72 ± 01.85 in phenylephrine group and 07.17 ± 02.11 in noradrenaline group, with statistically significant difference (p=0.044). Lactate levels before shifting to ICU were 06.17 ± 02.43 in phenylephrine group and 07.52 ± 02.82 in noradrenaline group, with statistically significant difference (p=0.041). Conclusion: Nor-adrenaline was associated with increase in the serum lactate levels more significantly as compared to phenylephrine in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting via cardiopulmonary bypass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pakistan's National AIDS Control Program has registered 44,000 HIV/AIDS patients to date, but the actual number of cases have been estimated to be as high as 150,000–170,000. The health care system has a very important role to play in this equation and must be reformed to improve the health care services in Pakistan, with regards to HIV/AIDS. Methods: It was a qualitative research employing a phenomenological approach. The principal researcher visited nine public and private health care facilities and conducted 19 key informant interviews with people working for providing preventive and curative services, in addition to the observations made on the site. Results: Pakistan's health system has a limited capacity to address the HIV spread in the country, with its current resources. There is an obvious scarcity of resources at the preventive, diagnostic and curative level. However, menace can be curtailed through measures taken at the service delivery level by checking the unsafe needles practices, unclean surgical procedures and an unregulated and untrained private health workforce which are dangerous potentials routes of transmission of the virus to the general population. Healthcare establishments carry the chances of nosocomial infections including HIV/AIDS. Poverty, illiteracy and stigma associated with the disease is compounding the overall situation. Conclusion: Improved accessibility to service delivery with a greater focus on prevention would be imperative to address the threat of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan. A health systems approach would help in identifying gaps at both strategic and operational levels, and concurrently find and implement solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Travel behavior has been affected around the world since the eruption of corona virus disease (COVID-19). Several industries including transportation industry have been hard hit by the pandemic. As the virus is transmitted through close contact with infected people, number of outdoor trips has reduced causing roads and public transport to be less crowded than before. In order to develop transport-related policies for the post COVID-19 world, it is necessary to explore how the pandemic has affected the travel behavior pattern. This study explored the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel pattern and mode preferences in Pakistan using a questionnaire survey. The results showed significant shift in primary traveling purpose from work and studying to shopping during the pandemic. Number of trips performed for non-commuting purposes were also significantly different before and during the pandemic. A significant modal shift from motorbike to non-motorized modes of travel was found for distances less than 5 km. For longer distances, people shifted from public transport to private car. These findings suggest that past policies regarding different modes may be revisited in the post COVID-19 world. The statistical tests performed on the factors affecting mode choices indicated that the respondents put more priority on pandemic-related items such as infection concern, social distance, hand sanitizers' availability, and cleanliness, etc., during the pandemic. The findings of this study will certainly help in shaping up the policies for the post COVID-19 world especially in the developing countries. • Primary purpose of traveling changed from work and studying to shopping during the pandemic. • Significant shift from motorbike to non-motorized modes of travel for short distances (<5 km). • Significant shift from public transport to private car for long distances (>5 km). • More priority is put on the factors associated with the pandemic while choosing a transport mode during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the performance of an alternative crosswalk design, where crosswalks are removed from the intersections and placed at nearby mid-block to reduce conflicts between turning vehicles and pedestrians. Several scenarios with balanced and unbalanced vehicle volumes were considered to represent a range of practical vehicle demand levels. Considering a series of pedestrian volumes, a comparison of the performance is conducted using TRANSYT15 macroscopic simulation software for four different pedestrian treatments; i.e., an alternative crosswalk design with the same cycle lengths at the critical intersection and mid-block crosswalks, an alternative crosswalk design with half-cycle length at mid-block crosswalks, the traditional exclusive pedestrian phase at the critical intersection and the traditional conflict-free concurrent pedestrian phase at the critical intersection. Results indicated that the alternative crosswalk design with double cycles at mid-block crosswalks outperformed the other three treatments. In particular, alternative designs performed better for higher pedestrian volumes for unbalanced vehicle demand scenarios. Finally, applicability ranges for all four treatments were suggested for various vehicle and pedestrian demand levels. Outcomes of this study could be useful to practitioners for implementing short- and medium-term solutions to reduce delays and enhance safety at signalized intersections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are Muslims and obedient to Allah, our Lord, Messenger, religion, and the Kaaba is one. There is no disagreement with which the entire Ummah is unanimous. It also implies that we are an Ummah. As far as the epistemic differences are concerned, the companions of Holy prophet (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) have existed from time to time, and those differences are merely merits, etc. The researchers justified any issue in the light Quran o Sunnah was based on preferences. This view did not give the second view a wrong interpretation. If there was a need for discussion, he spoke it with the utmost literature and knowledge support. So we should apply this manner free of violence and prejudice. In that manner, we can avoid the Muslim Ummah by partitioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the preferred axillary staging procedure, although axillary node clearance (ANC) is still indicated in subgroups of patients. This study aims to review our practice of axillary treatment in node positive cancer, to determine the proportion of patients requiring ANC and to identify if this can be avoided in some patients.Methods: Retrospective data for all breast cancer patients who underwent surgery between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018 were included in this study. The histopathology results of ANC were correlated with axillary ultrasound findings, axillary biopsy or SLNB results and effect of neoadjuvant treatment. These were analysed against the available guidelines to evaluate the current practice.Results: 82 patients out of 520 had ANC (15.7%). Four groups were identified: Group A included 45 patients with nodal infiltration on preoperative biopsy; Group B included 24 patients with nodal infiltration who had neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT); Group C included 11 patients with involved nodes on SLNB; Group D included 2 patients with axillary recurrence. 35.5% of patients in Group A had only 1-2 positive nodes following ANC. Complete pathological response was observed in 37.5% patients following NACT. No further nodes were subsequently found in a majority of patients who underwent ANC following positive SLNB (63.6%).Conclusions: 15.7% of breast cancer patients required ANC. Few patients now require ANC following positive SLNB. The practice of direct (fast-track) ANC after axillary biopsy may lead to overtreatment of the axilla, which needs re-evaluation. Targeted axillary dissection could avoid unnecessary axillary dissection in patients with abnormal nodes and in patients who have received NACT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual turn electrically coupled loop antenna is proposed to operate inside gastrointestinal capsules. The proposed structure is simple with a degree of freedom in design and compact size. In addition, it has low specific absorption rate (SAR) levels. Four different models have been designed to operate at industrial, scientific, medical (ISM) bands (433 MHz and 915 MHz). The first three antenna models with different sizes operate at the 433 MHz ISM band while the fourth antenna model operates at the 915 MHz ISM band. The primitive designs are performed by immersing the biocompatible-encapsulated prototypes inside the center of a cubic box of muscle phantom with an edge length of 100 mm. To mimic the realistic situation, the final designs were simulated inside a human torso model. As an experimental verification, a prototype has been fabricated and tested inside minced beef. The footprint size excluding the space in the core is 200 mm3. The peak SAR levels, averaged on 1 g, are 78.4, 51.8 and 81.67 W/kg for the three proposed antennas, respectively. The low SAR levels permit increasing the fed power to compensate medium losses in addition to obtain better imaging. The peak realized gains in muscle lie in the range of the other counterparts (− 19 dBi). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hydrothermal method was employed to synthesise zinc aluminate oxides doped with manganese, with the aim of enhancing the photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. The optical, textural, microscopic, and structural features of the materials were assessed by a range of analytical techniques. These results revealed that incorporation of Mn dopant into the ZnAl 2 O 4 (ZAO) reduced to band gap of ZAO and MD-ZAO are 3.56 and 2.79 eV, respectively. The best photoreduction efficiency was found with manganese-doped ZnAl 2 O 4 (MD-ZAO) is 86.39 % than ZAO (69.38 %) after 120 min. The surface area study displays the 21.43 and 38.65 m2 g−1 for ZAO and MD-ZAO, respectively. When surface area of a nanomaterial is increased, a greater percentage of the material in contact with Cr ion, which increases the photocatalytic activity. A large interfacial area and pore volume aids in development of photoinduced electrons (e−) as well as hole pairs. The impedance study indicates the lower Rct value of ZAO and MD-ZAO are 0.45 Ω and 0.7 Ω, respectively. The finding indicates that Mn doped ZnAl 2 O 4 work as excellent photocatalyst for photoreduction of hexavalent of Cr. The doped material can also act as potential catalyst in different future electrochemical and photocatalytic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the long term effects of anthropogenic, climatic, edaphic, and seasonal variations on present floristic and ecological status of two distinct sites i.e., protected (Biodiversity Park) and unprotected (nearby areas) in the Derawar region of Lesser Cholistan Desert. The study was conducted for four years over a seasonal period of spring 2019 (February-March) to fall 2022 (September to October). For the exploration of maximum diversity at both sites, quadrats of 10 × 10 m were placed randomly. Ten soil, twelve anthropogenic, seven environmental and eight seasonal variables were used to assess their relationship with vegetation of both sites during four years of study. For statistical analysis, data was processed in the SPSS for LSD test and R Studio for Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and heat map preparation. A total of 84 plant species, belonging to 62 genera and 26 families, were identified in the Derawar region. Herbaceous plants comprised the majority, with 42 species, followed by grasses (22 species), shrubs (12 species), trees (7 species), and one sedge species. The protected site exhibited higher species diversity, with 76 species from 23 families, compared to the unprotected site, which had 49 species from 15 families. Species richness, Simpson index, and Shannon index showed significant declines in diversity from the protected to the unprotected site. While comparing the seasons, an overall significant increase in diversity was observed from spring to fall in the protected site, while the unprotected site exhibited the opposite trend. Precipitation averaged from 0 to 32 mm during the spring and 9 to 197 mm during the fall seasons. The study examined fluctuations in temperature, wind speed, evaporation, and humidity, with higher levels during the fall season. Soil analysis revealed an alkaline composition, with the protected site being predominantly sandy and the unprotected site mainly clayey saline. Anthropogenic activities, including agriculture, deforestation, military activities, over-collection, overgrazing, overhunting, solid waste, and tourism, were found to be more prevalent and impactful in the unprotected site, with the highest level of impact ranging from 3-4. The CCA analysis underlines the significance of global importance of protected areas towards bending the curve of floristic diversity loss, as compared to unprotected sites, despite both experiencing the similar climatic conditions, with human impact being the only distinguishing factor. Greater plant diversity positively impacts soil nutrients of protected sites by leading to these outcomes. To achieve long-term climate goals and protection of the arid ecosystem, it is recommended to designate more protected areas at identified hotspots as an effective conservation practice in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Momordica charantia (MC) is popular for its medicinal uses especially for treating diabetic-related complications. However, the antiulcer activity of essential oil derived from the seeds has not been systematically studied. This study aims to evaluate the gastroprotective activities of essential oil derived from the seed of MC induced by hydrochloride acid/ethanol (HCl/EtOH) and indomethacin and pylorus-ligation model. Gastric ulceration was induced by oral administration of HCl/EtOH solution or indomethacin on day 7 after animals have been pretreated with testing compounds. The first group received just distilled water and the second group received ranitidine (100 mg/kg). Groups 3, 4, and 5 received 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg of essential oil based on their body weight (10 mL/kg), respectively. Macroscopically, pretreatment of essential oil extracted from MC significantly decreased ulceration induced by HCl/EtOH and indomethacin in vivo. Microscopically, essential oil also significantly suppressed the formation of edema, epithelial disruption, and mucosa erosions. Moreover, essential oil significantly elevated the pH without decreasing the total acidity of the gastric juice and was able to increase the amount of adherent mucus compared to control. Current results provide scientific basis to the ethno-pharmacological usage of the MC in preventing ulcer formation induced by HCl/EtOH and indomethacin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations were used to investigate the effects of multiple ionization (MI) of water on the yields (G values) of the ferrous sulfate (Fricke) dosimeter, which was irradiated with low-energy α and lithium ion recoils from the 10B(n,α)7Li nuclear reaction as a function of temperature from 25 to 350 °C. Calculations were performed individually for 1.47 MeV α-particles and 0.84 MeV lithium nuclei with dose-average linear energy transfer (LET) values of ∼196 and 225 keV/µm at 25 °C, respectively. The total yields were obtained by summing the G values for each recoil α and Li ion weighted with its fraction of the total energy absorbed. At room temperature, our G(Fe3+) values calculated under aerated and deaerated conditions only agreed well with the experimental results, provided the MI of water was incorporated in the simulations. This strongly supports the importance of the role of MI of water in the high-LET radiolysis of water. We also simulated the effects of MI of water on G-values for the primary species of the radiolysis of deaerated 0.4 M H2SO4 aqueous solutions by 10B(n,α)7Li recoils. As with the Fricke dosimeter, the best agreement between experiment and simulation was found at 25 °C when the MI of water was included in the simulations. It was also shown that G(Fe3+) decreases slightly as a function of temperature over the range of 25–350 °C. However, at elevated temperatures, no experimental data were available with which to compare our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popularity of metasurfaces has been continuously growing due to their attractive properties including the ability to effectively manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Metasurfaces comprise optimized geometries of unit cells arranged as a periodic lattice to obtain a desired EM response. One of their emerging application areas is the stealth technology, in particular, realization of radar cross section (RCS) reduction. Despite potential benefits, a practical obstacle hindering widespread metasurface utilization is the lack of systematic design procedures. Conventional approaches are largely intuition-inspired and demand heavy designer’s interaction while exploring the parameter space and pursuing optimum unit cell geometries. Not surprisingly, these are unable to identify truly optimum solutions. In this article, we introduce a novel machine-learning-based framework for automated and computationally efficient design of metasurfaces realizing broadband RCS reduction. Our methodology is a three-stage procedure that involves global surrogate-assisted optimization of the unit cells, followed by their local refinement. The last stage is direct EM-driven maximization of the RCS reduction bandwidth, facilitated by appropriate formulation of the objective function involving regularization terms. The appealing feature of the proposed framework is that it optimizes the RCS reduction bandwidth directly at the level of the entire metasurface as opposed to merely optimizing unit cell geometries. Computational feasibility of the optimization process, especially its last stage, is ensured by high-quality initial designs rendered during the first two stages. To corroborate the utility of our procedure, it has been applied to several metasurface designs reported in the literature, leading to the RCS reduction bandwidth improvement by 15%–25% when compared with the original designs. Furthermore, it was used to design a novel metasurface featuring over 100% of relative bandwidth. Although the procedure has been used in the context of RCS design, it can be generalized to handle metasurface development for other application areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of agricultural land parcels and identify important determinants of their prices in Swabi district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a sample of 79 land parcels, having transaction record for the year 2015-2017, was selected from 10 randomly chosen villages. Data were collected on their prices and their physical, agricultural and location characteristics. Descriptive statistical tools were used to summarize data on agricultural land characteristics. A linear Hedonic Pricing Model (HPM) was used to estimate agricultural land prices based on physical, location and agricultural characteristics. Results show that agricultural land parcels in Central Swabi district have comparatively high prices, and this is due to their high residential and commercial potential. Developmental projects for roads, hospitals, universities and gas supply infrastructure in the surroundings of Swabi city are resulting human influx from rural areas, and are increasing demand for residential and commercial units in the suburbs. This high demand is pulling land prices and causing utilization of fertile agricultural land for residential and commercial units' construction. Around 50% of the sampled agricultural lands were used for residential and commercial purposes. Results from HPM reveal that agricultural characteristics, such as land fertility and irrigation water availability, were the significant determinates and have positive effects on land prices. Location characteristics, such as road distance, city distance, distance to nearby houses and distance to agricultural market are the important determinants of land prices. These findings imply that agricultural land prices depends on agricultural and location attributes and this is consistent with the Ricardian's Land 'Rent' and Von Thunan's 'Land Location' theories. Based on these findings, the study recommends that agricultural land must be protected through laws from residential and commercial encroachments. Investment in development of agricultural infrastructure and provision of subsidized on important inputs could raise farmers' returns from agriculture and could change their perception to favor using land for agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microservices are containerized, loosely coupled, interactive smaller units of the application that can be deployed, reused, and maintained independently. In a microservices-based application, allocating the right computing resources for each containerized microservice is important to meet the specific performance requirements while minimizing the infrastructure cost. Microservices-based applications are easy to scale automatically based on incoming workload and resource demand automatically. However, it is challenging to identify the right amount of resources for containers hosting microservices and then allocate them dynamically during the auto-scaling. Existing auto-scaling solutions for microservices focus on identifying the appropriate time and number of containers to be added/removed dynamically for an application. However, they do not address the issue of selecting the right amount of resources, such as CPU cores, for individual containers during each scaling event. This paper presents a novel approach to dynamically allocate the CPU resources to the containerized microservice during the autoscaling events. Our proposed approach is based on the machine learning method, which can identify the right amount of CPU resources for each container, dynamically spawning for the microservices over time to satisfy the application’s response time requirements. The proposed solution is evaluated using a benchmark microservices-based application based on real-world workloads on the Kubernetes cluster. The experimental results show that the proposed solution outperforms by yielding a 40% to 60% reduction in violating the response time requirements with 0.5×\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\times$$\end{document} to 1.5×\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\times$$\end{document} less cost compared to the state-of-art baseline methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrode materials based on transition metal selenide have lately gained much favor in electrochemical supercapacitor owing to their outstanding capacitive performance, abundant availability and high electrical conductivity. In this study, we developed SmSe based reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite via solvothermal technique. First, it is established that the SmSe/rGO nanoarray forms a porous microstructure in three dimensions. Various instrumental investigation was employed to examined the material microscopic and spectroscopic properties. The as-synthesized SmSe/rGO nanostructure possesses an outstanding specific capacitance (Cs) of 1226 F g−1 @ 1 A g−1 and remarkable long-cycle efficiency of 95.84% retention capacitance after 5000 cycles @ 1 A g−1. The incorporation of rGO into SmSe nanostructure is responsible for faster transfer of electron and providing high surface area having greater active sites which are responsible for the higher efficiency. [Display omitted] • The 2D-rGO based SmSe nanocomposite was developed via simple hydrothermal approach. • The electrode material suggests the specific capacitance of 1226 F g-1 @ 1 A g-1. • The nanohybrid display the smaller Rct of 1.28 Ω than the other materials. • The incorporation of rGO into SmSe facilitates faster transfer of electron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel modification to the predictive functional control (PFC) algorithm to facilitate significant improvements in the tuning efficacy. The core concept is the use of an alternative parameterisation of the degrees of freedom in the PFC law. Building on recent insights into the potential of Laguerre functions in traditional MPC (Rossiter, Wang, & Valencia-Palomo, 2010; Wang, 2009), this paper develops an appropriate framework for PFC and then demonstrates that these functions can be exploited to allow easier and more effective tuning in PFC as well as facilitating strong constraint handling properties. The proposed design approach and the associated tuning methodology are developed and their efficacy is demonstrated with a number of numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rolling bearing elements develop structural changes during rolling contact fatigue (RCF) along with the non-proportional stress histories, evolved residual stresses and extensive work hardening. Considerable work has been reported in the past few decades to model bearing material hardening response under RCF; however, they are mainly based on torsion testing or uniaxial compression testing data. An effort has been made here to model the RCF loading on a standard AISI 52100 bearing steel with the help of a 3D Finite Element Model (FEM) which employs a semi-empirical approach to mimic the material hardening response evolved during cyclic loadings. Standard bearing balls were tested in a rotary tribometer where pure rolling cycles were simulated in a 4-ball configuration. The localised material properties were derived from post-experimental subsurface analysis with the help of nanoindentation in conjunction with the expanding cavity model. These constitutive properties were used as input cyclic hardening parameters for FEM. Simulation results have revealed that the simplistic power-law hardening model based on monotonic compression test underpredicts the residual generation, whereas the semi-empirical approach employed in current study corroborated well with the experimental findings from current research work as well as literature cited. The presence of high compressive residual stresses, evolved over millions of RCF cycles, showed a significant reduction of maximum Mises stress, predicting significant improvement in fatigue life. Moreover, the predicted evolved flow stresses are comparable with the progression of subsurface structural changes and be extended to develop numerical models for microstructural alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed with an objective to evaluate the impact of various strategies to alleviate heat stress on certain physiological attributes viz. respiratory rate (RT), body surface temperature (BST), pulse rate (PR), and respiratory rate (RR); biochemical attributes viz. glucose, total protein (TP), and cholesterol; and endocrinological parameters (tri-iodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine) of the Nili-Ravi buffaloes during early summer season. Lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n = 20) with close production and parity stage were divided into four treatment groups as group A (control group under roof shades only), B (experimental group under roof shades with antistress supplementation), C (experimental group under roof shades with ceiling fans), and D (experimental group under showers and ceiling fans) at the Buffalo Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan. All the physiological study parameters, that is, RT, BST, PR, and RR, were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher for Group A and B as compared to Group C and D, respectively. The results revealed that all the biochemical study attributes were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in Group C and D as compared to Group A and B. Regarding endocrinological parameters (T3 and T4), both these hormones were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different between the four study groups, being higher for Group D as compared to the other groups. Nili-Ravi buffaloes showed a resistant behavior in terms of RR, PR, and serum biochemical components, which implies that the fan strategy could be an alternative to showering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has consistently established the pragmatic nature of literature regarding occupational injuries and accidental happenings faced by nursing professionals. However, current realities require a subjective approach to identify preventative measures that could influence occupational health and safety in healthcare sectors. A qualitative design followed a descriptive approach to assess unbiased opinions towards occupational obstructions that lead to accidental happenings. This study used the social capital framework in particular as a support resource to eliminate its detrimental effects on nurse's capacity to serve their patients. The findings extended the fundamental understanding of social capital from social ties to workplace and personal ties as potential mechanisms of support. Healthcare organizations need to redefine their control policies to provide the ultimate support to their care agents. A social capital model offers nursing practitioners and nursing managers an approach for building evidence‐based policies with implications for nurse's safety, education and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]