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The education is a crucial factor in the professional, personal and social preparation of the students, having a close relationship with the teacher's working develop. Because of the leadership that realizes will have repercussion in the teaching – learning process and educational quality offered by different institutions, therefore, it is important the analysis of the teacher's leadership impact that project with his students at the moment to share the knowledge. This research presents a study where the main objective is to determine, the types of the professor's leaderships in the Marketing and Economic degrees in the period of 2023-2024 and if these intrapersonal and interpersonal factors linked with the mentioned styles influence on the student performance. The research is mixed, using a test (inductive – deductive). The analysis of the results was developed in each degree sustain on the base theories of the mentioned theme, achieving satisfactory findings in relation to the direct and inverse correlations between different variables.

At present, for the high positions of the organization, various characteristics or requirements are sought, however, in the present investigation we want to give the deserved meaning to emotional intelligence as an important peculiarity that each executive must possess, in addition, to collect information that can provide knowledge to all those interested in knowing the benefits of emotional intelligence and how to develop it. Likewise, the general objective is to carry out a study that allows us to know the relationship between emotional intelligence and the success of managers within tourist transport companies in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. Its methodology was based on a bibliographic, descriptive, field study, with a qualitative-quantitative approach, whose population is made up of the managers of touristic transport companies in the city of Cuenca, to collect the information a survey was applied, from which information was obtained that allowed generating a reflection on the influence that emotional intelligence has on the success of managers, at the same time, to base how it can influence the daily actions of managers, their performance and in their decision making. What evidenced within its conclusions that the majority of the population interviewed can control their feelings when directing and carrying out the work of the organization, however, when applying Spearman's correlation test, there was no positive relationship between the variables study object.

The objective of this degree project is to design a CANVAS business model for the creation of Holding El Quijote S.A.S., which contemplates two productive sectors: event planning and organization, and lodging, since it is integrated by the business units Rancho Grande, Hotel el Quijote and Quinta Mercedes; organizations belonging to these two industries and which are located in the city of Cuenca. The model is based on presenting various strategies that serve for the administration, organization and optimal operation of the same. The starting point of the study is the development and perspective of the general aspects and the environment in which the Holding Company is currently involved. Then it continues with the development of the strategic plan, which aims to present the objectives and the guidelines to achieve the fulfillment of these, in addition to the approach of the CANVAS model. Likewise, the market study, the marketing plan and the technical plan are presented, which propose strategies and determine key aspects such as: demand, marketing budget, production capacity, among others. The purpose of these plans is to manage the efficient and effective operation of the business model. And it culminates with the financial plan, which shows that it is viable to start up the company, since it has a positive NPV and a benefit-cost indicator greater than one.

Currently, social entrepreneurship has gained notoriety because it seeks to provide innovative answers and solutions addressing various social needs. However, achieving sustainability is a challenge, since its main focus is social rather than economic. Therefore, rational decision making, considering social, environmental and economic benefits, are essential and necessary factors to achieve sustainability. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the influence of rationality in decision making on the sustainability of social enterprises. The method used to answer this objective was a quantitative study with simple random sampling of 162 social enterprises in the canton of Cuenca, using a logistic regression model as an analysis technique. The results show that these two variables are significantly associated, which indicates that the higher the level of rationality at the time of making a decision, the greater the probability that the venture will be sustainable.

The research work focuses on analyzing the profitability within the Ecuadorian commercial sector, particularly in Cuenca. Acknowledged for its pivotal role in the national economy, the commercial sector's understanding of profitability stands as a fundamental pillar for sustainable business growth and economic development. The methodology employed amalgamates qualitative and quantitative approaches, encompassing an extensive literature review and the compilation of financial data utilizing a fixed effects panel model. Key financial indicators such as liquidity, solvency, and profitability are scrutinized to assess companies' financial health and earnings generation capacity, establishing significant ranges based on local parameters and prior studies. The outcomes disclose pivotal insights into Ecuador's commercial sector profitability, delineating trends and comparisons between local and national enterprises. These findings furnish valuable information for entrepreneurs, investors, and regulators, fostering an indispensable comprehension amid a dynamically changing economic environment. This academic article contributes to field knowledge and lays a robust foundation for strategic decision-making in the Ecuadorian commercial sector, particularly in Cuenca.

Ecuador is a country with a lot of opportunities in agroindustrial sector. Lots of analysts see this industry as the future of the Ecuadorian economy due to the gigantic potential it has in the long term. Thinking about the export of Ecuadorian agroindustrial products to the rest of the world makes us feel optimism, especially when we think about the change in the Ecuadorian productive matrix, which nowadays has an enormous dependence on oil. Agribusiness and its exports represent a strong economic future for the country. According to this, a business model is proposed that allows the Cantana Company to export quality Ecuadorian craft beer to Brazil.Within the proposal we will find tariff preferences, an analysis of the conditions offered by the Brazilian market for the beer industry and Cantana's technical and operational capacity to face an export project, all of this is reflected in a marketing plan and a production that also includes a proposal to the Human Talent area. In addition, a financial study was carried out in order to determine the feasibility of the project with a 5-year view projection where we propose 2 stages in 2 different international negotiation terms such as the CIF and FOB Incoterms, resulting in a financially viable project and culminating in an export plan that includes steps to follow in terms of logistics and export requirements.

Despite the growth of female entrepreneurship, challenges persist, highlighting limited access to financing. The research project proposes to identify thematic and emerging areas related to the financing of women's entrepreneurship, through the identification of influential authors, keywords and topics of analysis. For this purpose, information was searched in the Web of Science databases, identifying a total of 8.176 relevant articles. The analysis of scientific production covers various aspects, such as the number of publications, the indexing percentage, distribution by language, types of documents, academic areas and international collaborations. In the next phase, a co-occurrence analysis is performed using the SciMAT tool. The analysis is complemented by the creation of a word map that allows visualization of the relationships and frequency of appearance in the selected studies. From the findings, it was possible to observe how the sources of financing for female entrepreneurship have evolved and how they are perceived, from which it is concluded that the "Entrepreneurial Ecosystem" is the only topic that has evolved in all periods, maintaining its level of centrality and density in the field of study. It is suggested for subsequent research to carry out a more extensive study of a quantitative nature about the challenges and trends in the financing of female entrepreneurship.

The food insecurity and inadequate management of family farm production persist as global challenges. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the socioeconomic and agricultural production management factors associated with food insecurity in rural households in the Machángara river basin, located in the province of Azuay, Ecuador. Data were collected through a survey administered to households selected from a stratified random sample. Subsequently, the Latin American and Caribbean Household Food Security Measurement Scale (ELCSA) was developed to assess food insecurity in relation to socioeconomic factors and agricultural production management. This involved employing both Binomial Logit and Ordinal Logit models in the STATA ® 16 program. The findings reveal that being the married head of a household, residing in an informal dwelling, possessing a latrine, cultivating medicinal or ornamental plants, and the correlation between expenses and income are significant variables that elevate the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity. Consequently, this research offers timely insights to assist policymakers in implementing effective strategies to support food-vulnerable rural households.

In this academic article, we study the impact that systematic risk can generate and its influence at the time in which agencies grant a credit rating, since they are based on the study of different financial variables that they consider significant to assign a credit rating score according to the scale that these institutions manage. First, an analysis was carried out of the different stock indices and their components that are part of the Latin American business fabric in a stock exchange so, by studying their prices, daily returns can be determined and then the risk can be calculated systematic through the CAPM model, applying it through a simple regression. After that, once this regression was carried out, companies with non-significant values will be purged. Then, add different control variables, which allow for better treatment of the data represented by indicators of the company's financial situation, so obtain a more accurate result. In the same way, through a second regression based on the previously stated data, both the results obtained from the 2022 period and the available data from the last 5 years ago will be analysed, to make a comparison between these two periods and their significance levels.

The study analyzed the examination of teaching leadership in student performance, with the overall goal of determining the teaching leadership elements that influence the academic success of the Accounting and Auditing Career at the University of Cuenca during the 2023-2024 period. The methodology used was a mixed type, comprising a descriptive and explanatory approach. A non-experimental inferential design was adopted, and the sample was a simple random sample of 283 Accounting and Auditing Career students. A survey was used to collect data, with a questionnaire as the tool. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was found to be 0.799. Regarding the results of the ordinal logistic regression model, a significance level of 0.000 was observed, lower than 0.05, demonstrating that teaching leadership has predictive power in student performance. The Pseudo R-squared test corroborated this assumption, with Cox and Snell's findings, as well as Nagelkerke's, being 0.084 and 0.095, showing that teacher leadership explains 8.4% and 9.5% of the variability in student performance, respectively. In conclusion, it was established that for each additional point on the teaching leadership scale, there is no probability that students can have good performance.

To address this study, various stages of research and analysis were carried out. Demand was evaluated through a market study which provided a clear vision of the opportunities and challenges that FINO would face when expanding. In addition, an analysis of the business environment was carried out, considering economic, political, social and environmental factors that could affect FINO's operation in the province. In parallel, the company's internal operations were examined, evaluating its current capacity to manage expansion. Based on the findings of these analyses, concrete and viable improvement proposals were formulated so that FINO can effectively address expansion in Azuay. Finally, a complete financial study was conducted that included projections of income and expenses related to the proposed expansion. The results of this financial analysis indicated that the expansion of operations is economically viable and potentially profitable for the company. In summary, this thesis has provided a comprehensive evaluation of the expansion of FINO operations in the province of Azuay. Through market analysis, business environment, internal operations and financial study, expansion has been shown to be a feasible strategic decision that can contribute to the continued growth and success of the company in the province

This research aimed to determine the factors of teacher leadership that influence the academic performance of students in the Business Administration program at the University of Cuenca. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) proposed by Bass and Avolio was used to measure the aspects of teacher leadership based on the students' perceptions, as well as those of the teachers as a self-evaluation. A descriptive design was applied, under a correlational inferential approach. The sample consisted of 22 teachers and 262 students. The analysis of descriptive traits, such as percentages, was used to describe the demographic data of the respondents and the data analysis was done through regression and Spearman's correlation. The results showed that the predominant leadership is full-range mixed leadership with 64% of teachers applying it. In addition, it was found that, in general, there is a considerable relationship between teacher leadership style and academic performance. However, the explanatory capacity of the leadership styles studied with performance is low.

The present research has the objective to compare the presence of traditional and social entrepreneurs behavioral biases in Cuenca, with the goal to determinate if their financial decisions are rational or in contrast are influence of feelings and emotions, causing irrationality. In this sense, it has an interest growing themes approach: on one hand the entrepreneurship and the other hand the finance conduct. The methodological approach is quantitative. After to apply a survey of 154 between traditional and social entrepreneurs, seeks to determine the proportion of individuals in both populations that are possessors of the most common behavioral biases in the financial decisions, (anchoring, risk aversion, mental accounting, herd effect, overconfidence, sunk cost fallacy, the illusion of control, optimism and representativeness). With this, is determinate if their financial decisions are rational, considering that, to major presence of behavioral biases, there is a minor presence of rationality. To aboard the distinctions of two groups of entrepreneurs, is doing a “z” test of difference of proportions which allows to know if the nonsense presented is significant or not. According with the evidence, the behavioral biases are presented of different form in the takers of decisions that imply the money, not like that social entrepreneurs which are holders of higher percentages of irrationality with the presence of behavioral biases.

The purpose of this academic article is to identify the rationality in the financial decision making of university students, considering the behavioral biases that influence such decisions. The relationship between these biases and the financial decisions of students of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is analyzed. The analysis details that certain biases, such as mental accounting and pessimism, influence the financial decisions of students in Administration. Higher mental accounting is associated with more savings, while pessimism is related to a lower tendency to save and consume. In Economics, mental accounting has a strong positive influence on saving, and pessimism also influences, although less significantly. Overconfidence is related to greater willingness to take risks in investments. In Dual Management, mental accounting promotes saving, while pessimism shows no clear influence. Overconfidence promotes investment, but risk aversion does not significantly influence, as does the herd effect. In Accounting and Auditing, mental accounting and optimism drive savings and consumption. In Marketing, mental accounting influences savings, pessimism has a negative impact, and optimism is associated with consumption. Finally, in Sociology, mental accounting and optimism are associated with savings and consumption respectively. Overconfidence and risk aversion are linked to the investment decision, while the herd effect has a negative association with this decision.

This article estimates the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the public transportation sector in Ecuador, since no country-specific estimate is available. For this purpose, information from Latin American companies dedicated to public transportation services is used to approximate the characteristics of Ecuador, since the Ecuadorian companies that belong to this sector are not listed on the stock exchange, and, in addition, the Ecuadorian stock market does not provide guarantees with respect to liquidity. In this way, information pertinent to the case study is sought, qualified and validated, obtaining eight companies from Latin America and nine from Ecuador. For this purpose, the financial asset valuation model (CAPM) is considered to determine the cost of equity. Using the method proposed by Modigliani & Miller (1963), the WACC is calculated for the public transportation sector in Ecuador, obtaining a 14,16%, which can be used as a discount rate for any type of project and/or decision making.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the association between female social entrepreneurship and the economic, social, legal, educational and individual factors of female social entrepreneurs in Cuenca Canton who are registered with the Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria (SEPS). The research has a quantitative approach, making use of a survey as a data collection instrument that was applied to 152 social entrepreneurs, also statistical techniques were used to perform the analysis such as: Descriptive statistics, Student's t, Pearson correlation and multiple regression. The results obtained reflect that there are no differences between the groups of men and women, a moderate positive association is demonstrated between the dependent variable and the factors analyzed, showing an explanatory capacity of 33.7% for women, this means that for a female social entrepreneurs hip it is important to emphasize these factors as they have a considerable influence on their ventures.

This degree work was carried out to develop a business model for the Fundación Agricola de la Parroquia Susudel in the province of Azuay, which is dedicated to cultivating medicinal and aromatic plants. The model was developed to help the agricultural organization identify the ideal market segment to commercialize medicinal species through a market study. To this end, manufacturing companies were visited to conduct interviews and determine the best option for the foundation to become a direct supplier of those entities that add value to medicinal plants. Based on the above, the CANVAS methodology was followed, where the nine blocks that are part of it were developed. On the other hand, an internal and external analysis was carried out, where opportunities and threats were identified, from which strategies were formulated to take advantage of and mitigate the positive and negative impacts. Similarly, the economic-financial analysis determined that the proposed business model is profitable since it has a positive NPV and an IRR more significant than the discount rate. Finally, risks were identified and analyzed, and mitigation measures were proposed to avoid a negative impact on the development of activities.

The investigation analyzes the value generation capacity of social enterprises to determine its impact on the agro productive value chains of the project European Latin American Network in Support of Social Entrepreneurs ELANET, this is due to the agro producers in the exercise of their economic activity, in which face difficulties for not receiving the proper recognition suitable for the importance of their contribution to the value of chains, despite of their strengthens. This insufficiency of assessment is due to the lack of tools that can measure the value-generation capacity of social enterprises; therefore, this is a way to limit the generation of competitivestrategies that highlight the values generated by agricultural producers. The qualitative method had an essential emphasis, and its design is based on the multiple holistic case study. The data was obtained by semi-structured interviews and the y review of secondary sources to create an analysis based on the strategy of the value chains. The results analyzed of both studies, corresponding to Bolivia and Ecuador show a capacity for the generation of value regardless of the internal and external challenges; the collaboration between the direct, and indirect actors provides technical and social support which makes a positive impact in the value chains within the ELANET project, driven by the initiatives of the social impact on producers.

This paper focuses on the analysis of the levels of social innovation and opportunity as a consequence, in social enterprises in the canton of Cuenca. The scarcity of information on social entrepreneurship in Latin America, and specifically in Ecuador, has been one of the factors that have limited the deepening of concepts and the comparison with other studies. However, this paper attempts to clearly explain and analyses social ventures, their levels of social innovation and opportunities through indicators such as research and development, new technologies, among others. The information on the different social enterprises was obtained from the database of the Institute of Popular and Solidarity Economy provided by the project "The European Latin American Network in Support of Social Entrepreneurs" (ELANET). For the data collection, a sample of 162 social enterprises located in the canton of Cuenca was determined. The results showed that more than 50% are at a medium and high level of innovation, and that the probability of generating opportunities in the market is 90% overall. These findings have allowed for a clearer vision of the different situations in which social enterprises find themselves, as there is a direct relationship between their level of innovation and their opportunity within the local market.

With this mixed-methods study, employing an exploratory and descriptive design, the dispositions of the Environmental and Social Risk Analysis System (SARAS) in conjunction with the Southern Savings and Credit Union Cooperative Union (UCACSUR) and its associated cooperatives were investigated. The main objective was to develop a course of action for the implementation of SARAS regulations in the savings and credit cooperatives (COAC) associated with UCACSUR. A survey of the managers of the 19 member cooperatives was used as the data collection technique, complemented by information provided by the interested institution: reports and regulations from supervisory and control entities. The results confirmed the need to standardize the course of action within the internal processes of the analysis units through a hypothesis test for proportions. Finally, the stages and key steps for the proper design of the course were identified, which consolidates the regulations issued by the Superintendence of Popular and Solidarity Economy (SEPS).

ocial entrepreneurship is a topic of great importance in recent research, however, there is still not enough empirical evidence to analyze the rationality of decision making. Given the social factor they pursue, it is possible that they may be affected by behavioral distortions that influence their rationality, especially in three financial aspects: investment, savings and indebtedness. The objective of this work is to determine the relationship between behavioral biases and financial decision making of social enterprises in the canton of Cuenca. The study is a descriptive-correlational cross-sectional approach, using structural equations from Partial Least Squares (PLS). A sample of 162 social enterprises was obtained. The results show a significant positive relationship between overconfidence, procrastination and status quo, and a negative relationship between overoptimism and investment decisions. Also, procrastination and status quo directly influence saving decisions, but the entrepreneur's fallacy indirectly. On the other hand, the risk aversion, overconfidence, overoptimism and status quo biases were significantly influenced on indebtedness decisions.

In the present degree work, a series of investigations and collection of information has been developed so that with this a list of recommendations for the best functioning in the public procurement process can be determined. The document consists of 5 parts, which are divided into the following sections: as a first instance, the investigation of the historical review and strategic planning of a public company was carried out to make it easier for us to understand the functioning of the sector and its regulatory bodies; in the second chapter, information was obtained on basic concepts of: public procurement, management of administration by processes for the lifting of procedures that are carried out in public procurement. An analysis and evaluation of the control of the public procurement department was also carried out, surveys were carried out to a sample of employees, to obtain a diagnosis and results of internal control according to the internal control regulations of the CGE, through the results obtained from generating recommendations to the department that would facilitate the best functioning of the department. In chapter 4, the improvement proposal is made with an overall analysis of all the work done. Finally, the work is completed with conclusions and recommendations found in Chapter 5.

The company Marvicnet Cía.Ltda. does not have a defined Human Talent Management Model, as it does not have an established Human Talent department. Therefore, the process of recruiting and selecting personnel is based on personal recommendations without a technical system to guarantee the selection of the best candidate, as well as having a high rate of staff turnover, poor task assignments, lack of training, and performance evaluation. This graduation project proposes a Human Talent Management Model for the company Marvicnet Cia. Ltda., which will allow the proper administration of human talent through techniques suitable for its subsystems. The integrated project consists of four chapters: the first chapter covers the background of the work and generalities of the company. The second chapter develops the theoretical framework based on the definitions and criteria of the main authors related to the thesis topic to of the Human Talent Management Model through the Provision, Development, Organization, Retention, and Audit subsystems. The third chapter presents information related to the situation of human talent in the company. The fourth chapter presents the proposal of the Human Talent Management Model for the company Marvicnet Cia. Ltda., which will enable the proper administration of the workers. Finally, the main conclusions and recommendations are presented such as the use of the proposed Human Talent Management Model.

This article examines the impact of deculturation on the financial performance of microenterprises in the textile sector in Saraguro, Ecuador, focusing on the relationship between the abandonment of indigenous clothing and key financial indicators. It was observed that young people have a greater tendency to not use traditional garments, which affects local demand. The moderate negative correlation between deculturation and financial indicators (ROE, ROA, Profit Margin, and Sales) indicates that as deculturation increases, these indicators decrease. This phenomenon is attributed to the lack of transmission of traditional knowledge to new generations, which puts the competitive advantage of microenterprises at risk. Additionally, it was found that organizations lack financial statements and face difficulties in financial management and decision-making. Despite this, microenterprises have diversified their products to adapt to new market trends. The methodology used in this study is a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, using descriptive and inferential statistical tools, as well as ethnography for the analysis of the Saraguro indigenous population and textile microenterprises. Statistical tests such as Pearson and Spearman correlation, as well as the Springate business fragility model, were applied to evaluate the financial situation of microenterprises. The research results suggest the need to preserve traditional culture and adapt to changing market demands to ensure the financial viability of microenterprises in Saraguro, Ecuador

Currently, the importation and trade of clothing have been benefited by consumerism and globalization, which allows offering people a wide range of variety, quality, and styles. This leads to increased competitiveness for import companies. Given this expectation, we aim to initiate importing garments from other countries worldwide, not just from the United States, with the purpose of diversifying the products available in the market. From all the aforementioned, arises the idea of the present business model, which is methodologically qualitative, as it allows us to understand the requirements and needs of users, developing a proposal to improve profitability and import processes. Through conducted surveys, information was collected from current customers and suppliers, as well as from future beneficiary consumers. A study of both the financial and economic aspects of the company was conducted to understand its functionality. This business plan will provide us with a vision of how to improve profitability and the importation process based on external financing. Additionally, recommendations are provided to enhance the implementation of the plan.

The objective of this work was to study the socioeconomic, educational, work performance and leadership style impact in a paired sample of students from the 2021 edition and two years later in 2023 to the same participants of Leadership for Transformation in order to evaluate the impact on training after the process. An adaptation of the MLQ-5X instrument from (Bass and Avolio, 1995) was used. The results suggest that the main predominant leadership style is transformational, specifically the dimensions of motivation by inspiration, idealized influence by behaviors and individual considerations. Men are more likely than women to employ the transactional leadership style, specifically passive management by exception. In response to the hypothesis posed in this work, we can mention that, if there was a significant change between the leadership styles of the participants after 2 years of having finished the training program in Leadership for Transformation, virtual edition 2021, and that the main style of leadership that is adopted is the transformational one, giving better results in work performance, as well as in the results and that these social leaders achieve that the collaborators commit to the achievement of the mission of the organization, leaving aside each of their personal interests and focuses on collectives.

Learning English is essential for today's world, facilitating intercultural communication and improving job opportunities. This study focuses on designing a new business model for the “Instituto Universitario de Idiomas” of the University of Cuenca, prioritizing the English language and the PASLE program due to the dissatisfaction of the current model. A market study and an analysis of its external and internal situation was carried out, using tools such as SWOT and PESTEL, to identify the main problems faced by the institute. Subsequently, the Canvas model was applied and concrete proposals were formulated, including the integration of the language in the curricula of each career in collaboration with the faculties, the strengthening of strategic agreements with other universities and companies, the inclusion of technical subjects and general training in English and the implementation of digital marketing campaigns to improve operational efficiency, thus allowing to raise academic quality. Therefore, an action plan was developed with objectives, strategies, activities and indicators to measure its success. Likewise, financial analyses were carried out to establish the ideal investment plan for the model, its profitability projections for the next five years, the calculation of viability and the evaluation of risks with their respective mitigations. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are presented seeking continuous improvement and efficient management of English, making the “University of Cuenca” a bilingual institution.

The use of push notifications is one of the most relevant strategies to proactively communicate with a user from within various apps. Europe has adopted an opt-in requirement wherein users have to explicitly express that they agree to receive push notifications from apps. This paper examines the influence of two different approaches for framing this opt-in request: focusing on the experiential value the user would eventually receive through the information provided by the notifications (moderated by the personal involvement with the app) and focusing on the social proof aspect, i.e., the behaviour of the majority of the app users (moderated by the user's susceptibility to interpersonal influence). The results indicate that improving the quality of the information provided to the user help firms attain higher levels of user participation. This research deepens the understanding of the consumer's decision process in the context of mobile advertising., Depto. de Marketing, Fac. de Ciencias de la Información, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

Strategic agility is a topic that has not reached maturity and is of increasing interest for companies and academics alike. Yet few studies assess what drives strategic agility in organisations. This paper aims to review how companies are currently obtaining strategic agility and to identify the individual factors and configurations that lead to it. The study draws on a survey carried out with 40 Spanish companies in the services sector. The study then uses Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to identify the different configurations of factors that lead to strategic agility. Finally, we complement QCA analysis by performing a case study for each of the configurations that lead to strategic agility. The study reveals that there is no necessary condition to reach strategic agility and that companies reach it in five main ways, depending on different combinations of six factors: firm size, firm age, whether the firm is international, whether it competes in a turbulent environment, and whether the firm invests in i) capabilities and technologies, and ii) additional revenue models or cost-cutting mechanisms or not., Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

El camino de Santiago francés es el itinerario de Santiago más transitado. El aumento constante de turistas en la ruta ha provocado que se empiecen a escuchar las primeras voces críticas por la masificación de la ruta. Esta problemática unida a las características propias de la ruta, nos ha llevado a plantear el análisis de la capacidad de carga perceptual del Camino de Santiago francés. Para ello se ha diseñado una investigación cuantitativa dirigida a las personas que realizan la ruta. Las 385 respuestas obtenidas nos han permitido determinar que el Camino de Santiago Francés está masificado y se detectan problemáticas y cambios que pueden afectar a la identidad del itinerario a largo plazo., Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Comercio y Turismo, TRUE, pub

The present study examines the relationship between wellbeing and work performance in a twotime model. The model was based on the happy-productive worker hypothesis. Labour wellbeing (Time 1, T1) was measured with three constructs: job satisfaction, personal satisfaction, and organizational commitment, and showed good one dimensional adjustment in the second-order confirmatory factor analysis performed.We use a stratified sampling strategy, controlling for sex, age and whether workers were employed in the public or private sector. Of the 235 employees analysed in T1, 205 responded in Time 2 (T2). Results obtained through SEM analysis establish a positive and significant relationship between positive wellbeing and job performance. Likewise, job satisfaction and organizational commitment were the variable that most influenced the unidimensional welfare construct (0.902, p < 0.001 and 0.750, p < 0.001, respectively). Personal satisfaction showed a lower value (0.234, p < 0.01), and was the only one of the three variables that was context-free level. The article looks at the theoretical and professional implications of the results., Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

En el desarrollo sostenible de un destino turístico, la planificación juega un papel fundamental, y parte importante recae en la promoción turística. En el caso de España, el boom turístico de los años 50 supuso un alto nivel de ingresos y popularidad, pero también serios perjuicios en el entorno cuando todavía no se prestaba atención a la sostenibilidad turística. Para que el desarrollo turístico de un destino sea sostenible es necesaria la implantación de planes estratégicos adecuados, y este trabajo permite, gracias al estudio de un caso real, analizar la influencia de la promoción turística en la evolución de un destino turístico hacia la sostenibilidad. La metodología empleada ha sido doble: en primer lugar se han revisado documentos oficiales del Gobierno español para comprobar la evolución de su planificación turística en torno a la sostenibilidad y, en segundo lugar, se han analizado imágenes y campañas de promoción turística para comparar la evolución de la imagen transmitida y su influencia en el desarrollo sostenible del turismo español. Este análisis demuestra que la promoción turística ha jugado un papel muy importante en el desarrollo y crecimiento de España como destino turístico, y que su adaptación a las necesidades del mercado y a la sostenibilidad resultó fundamental. Se confirma por tanto que la promoción turística, dentro de una estrategia general de planificación, es cuestión clave para un correcto desarrollo de un destino turístico., Depto. de Ciencia Política y de la Administración, Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Comercio y Turismo, TRUE, pub

This study examines the effectiveness of CEO compensation monitoring depending on the extent of family involvement in the firm. Considering the contradictory evidence on the effects of family involvement on CEO compensation reported by the literature to date, we adopt a procedural conception of CEO monitoring – that reflect processes and rules used in family firms for the alignment of CEO incentives structure to the firm interests –, to test four hypotheses derived from agency and socioemotional wealth (SEW) perspectives. Using a sample of 357 family and non-family Spanish companies, the results show that CEO compensation monitoring is inversely related to family status, and the relationship between CEO compensation monitoring and firm performance is stronger in firms where family influence is higher. In addition, we found that the presence of a family CEO negatively affects the implementation of economically instrumental monitoring mechanisms, decoupling CEO compensation from firm performance. Our research, aligned with recent socio-psychological literature on the study of processes of family firm’s management policies, thus contributes to a better understanding of the setting of CEO compensation in family firms as a result of a combination of common bonds and mutual expectations based on emotions and values with contractual and financial factors., Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

The aim of this research is to analyse the students’ perceptions about their extramural use of English, comparing undergraduates studying their degree in English (EMI) with those studying theirs in their native language (non-EMI) within a span of five academic years. Data collected from a Spanish University suggest that the students´s interest and perception of their possibilities of working abroad in English differ. Results also reveal key differences in the use of extramural English and suggest that exposure to reading books or watching English-language films will eventually contribute to the formation of global mindset in students. The trend of the importance of English during a five year span is also considered, for both strands of students. This study makes a contribution in the field of teaching in international business settings for high education institutions., Depto. de Marketing, Depto. de Administración Financiera y Contabilidad, Depto. de Economía Financiera y Actuarial y Estadística, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

The digital transformation of companies involves a set of substantial changes in all areas of the organization. This study analyses the influence of digital transformation on talent management processes. In an effort to determine whether companies make different investments in each, we analyse talent management by separating the variables that attract and retain talent. The sample under study is made up of 314 Spanish companies who are currently undergoing the process of digital transformation. Company data were obtained through a questionnaire answered by managers of these organizations. The statistical technique used to test the model assumptions was a structural equation model. The results obtained lead us to accept the model hypotheses. The organizational changes brought about by digital transformation are thus seen to influence talent management and to attract and retain talent., Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

The work looks at how regions design policies to facilitate the transition of regional innovation systems to Industry 4.0. The research analyses how regional Industry 4.0 policies should take into account the integration of the position of the regional productive system into international supply chains, the games of legitimacy and power of the actors involved in the innovation system, the institutional structures that allow the exchange of knowledge on Industry 4.0. between the agents and the connection between the synthetic knowledge base (engineering driven) and the analytical knowledge base (science driven) of the region. Through a detailed case study of the background, structure and impact of Industry 4.0 in the Spanish regions of the Basque Country and Catalonia, the work demonstrates how it is not possible to define a policy of promoting Industry 4.0 that is generalizable to all regions and how each region will have to adapt the design and implementation of its Industry 4.0 policies to the specific characteristics of its regional innovation system. Therefore the replication of policies from other regions will not be an effective mechanism for promoting Industry 4.0 since the transition to Industry 4.0 is a very regional specific and diverse process., Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

This work focuses on the importance of responsible human resource management, and its link to innovation and reputation, which are deemed to be relevant intangible assets for all firms, although particularly for entrepreneurial SMEs, and which are of particular interest since they have remained relatively unexplored despite their key role in the business fabric. Specifically, we present an explanatory model comprising three variables; the latent independent variable is socially responsible human resource management (SR-HRM), and the corresponding endogenous variables are reputation and innovation. In order to empirically validate the conceptual model developed, we design a survey which has been answered by a representative sample of entrepreneurs of their own firms. Using partial least squares (PLS), we analyse both the measuring model as well as the structural model. Results prove satisfactory and allow us to confirm the direct positive and significant relation between socially responsible human resource management and reputation, as well as the causal relation when innovation acts as a mediating variable., Cátedra UCM-Cofares, INBOTS projects H2020 (great agreement 780073), ISDI, Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, inpress

Research on human resources training has been shaped by a great number of articles published in recent decades. This study contributes to the literature by examining how this research is built on the basis of different intellectual frameworks and by identifying the relevant references, authors, topics, and journals. With this aim, we used bibliometric techniques to examine over 900 articles published between 1975 and 2016. We observed three publication periods that have shaped the evolution of research in this field. In the journals that have published these articles, a wide range of disciplines have been used to address the topic of human resources. The dominant focus is on US and labor-intensive industries, giving researchers the opportunity to undertake further cross-country and cross industry studies. By considering human capital and performance, the resource-based view provides theoretical support for the articles through which leading authors have built a core grounding for the topic., Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

El activismo corporativo es un concepto de gestión empresarial muy relevante en los últimos años desarrollado sin teorías específicas que permitan comprender sus implicaciones. Por ello, el propósito de este artículo es el planteamiento de un modelo conceptual que sirva de aplicación para las organizaciones y sus partes interesadas (stakeholders), partiendo de antecedentes como la disonancia cognitiva o la ciudadanía corporativa. El método utilizado se basa en el análisis de los antecedentes del activismo corporativo y las teorías relacionadas, proponiendo como resultado un modelo de aceptación o rechazo del activismo corporativo (modelo MACO) por parte de los stakeholders, basado en la congruencia con el sistema de valores, las diferentes tipologías del activismo y el grado de controversia de las distintas industrias. Como principal contribución de este artículo se encuentra proporcionar las bases teóricas del activismo corporativo y sus relaciones a través del modelo MACO. Su principal limitación es la novedad del tema, que hace necesario acudir a otras disciplinas y hace más compleja la relación entre constructos. Este modelo abre nuevos enfoques sobre el fenómeno y ofrece una base para investigaciones empíricas posteriores., Depto. de Marketing, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

This article explores the influence of education and experience on the time to the top in family and non-family CEOs who work for Latin American family firms. In order to achieve these objectives, this study draws upon human capital theory as well as career and family firm literature. The careers of 129 CEOs of family firms who form part of the América Economía ranking were analyzed and quantitative methods were used. In Latin American family firms, family CEOs reach the top faster than their non-family counterparts. In addition, the influence of human capital variables on the way to the top differs between the two groups. For family CEOs, obtaining a graduate degree delays the way to the top, while for non-family ones, it reduces the time to the top. As regards experience, for promoted family CEOs, the greater the percentage of the career spent in the organization they lead, the shorter the time to the top. No support was found for either the influence of having worked for just one firm or having had elite graduate education abroad, in multilatina CEOs. Individual career management suggestions for future CEOs as well as specific guidelines for talent managers are proposed. This is the first study to explore the influence of human capital indicators on the time to the top in Latin American family firm CEOs., UCM-Cofares Cátedra de Investigación, European Union, Ministerio de Economía, Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) need to create shared value in order to compete in a global environment. Reputation is the result of the good work carried out by SMEs with regard to their main stakeholders, given their condition as a small‐ or medium‐sized enterprise. Rather than drawing on conventional financial performance, we propose an innovative sustainability model using shared value creation as the main endogenous variable. The results obtained are based on the opinions of the 261 owners–managers consulted. The method used is partial least squares, and conclusions show that good governance in SMEs must be reflected in good responsibility practices so as to generate reputation, which in turn has a positive effect on shared value. This leads to an effective level of commitment for SMEs, such that their codes of good governance and reports must be consistent with their responsibility towards stakeholders in order to achieve shared value., Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub