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Background: Hypotension is a frequent complication highly associated with spinal anesthesia during lower segment cesarean section that imposed adverse effects related to maternal as well as fetal. Purpose: The purpose: of this study is to lighten the comparison of vasopressor (Phenylephrine boluses vs. noradrenaline boluses) use to treat hypotension after spinal anesthesia in LSC patients Study design: randomized double-blind study design. Method: This randomized double-blind study was performed at the department of anesthesia, critical care, and pain medicine at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat Pakistan, and was conducted from Jun 2020 to Jun 2021. The patients aged between 20 to 40 years who went through lower segment cesarean section were part of this study. A total of 60 patients were divided into two groups namely groups A and B. Group A contain 30 patients in the same way group occupied with 30 patients and by using a random allocation procedure or protocol, the randomized number was assigned to all patients via the computer-generated system. Group A received phenylephrine and Group B received noradrenaline. Results: Statically analysis was performed using SPSS software. In the case of group A, the mean arterial pressure was measured at 115.03 ± 8.69, heart rate, beats/min was measured at 65.72 ± 9.46, and bradycardia was found in 14 (46.6%) patients out of 30 of group A with a mean value of beats 43.65 ± 3.23, hypotension was found in 4.31 ± 2.11 cases and to treat its repeated episodes with phenylephrine boluses was used 4.21 ± 1.21. In the case of group B, the mean arterial pressure was measured at 121± 9.86, heart rate, beats/min was measured at 80.42± 8.01, and bradycardia was found in 8 (26.6%) patients out of 30 of group B with a mean value of beats 45.23± 2.13, hypotension was found in 2.21± 1.03 cases and to treat its repeated episodes with noradrenaline boluses was used 3.98± 1.32 and all the variables was found with significant results. Conclusion: We conclude that noradrenaline shows ameliorated response to handle the hypotension situation after spinal anesthesia as compared to phenylephrine. Keywords: Spinal anesthesia, phenylephrine bolus, noradrenaline bolus, lower segment cesarean section (LSCS)

Background: An acute inflammatory homo-pentameric plasma protein, C-reactive Protein, discovered in 1930, is found in small amounts in healthy persons and plays an important role in natural immune system, activation of compliment system and phagocytosis and antigen clearance. Aim: To determine high C - reactive protein (CRP) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) in patients suffering from odontogenic space infections. Methods: Present study was carried out in the department of Oral Surgery at Islam Dental College, Sialkot from Sept. 2020 to Oct 2021. A total of 151 male and female patients of 22-65 years age range with odontogenic space infection were included. Patients suffering from chronic disease like diabetes, chronic renal failure, and pregnant women were excluded. Sample of patient’s blood was sent to the hospital laboratory for measurement of serum C - reactive protein (CRP) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) levels. Results: Patient’s age range in our study was 22 to 65 years with mean age of 54.5±14.68 years. Out of 151 patients, 93 (61.58%) were male and females were 58 (38.42%) showing male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Mean CRP levels were 3.52±1.23 mg/L and Mean TLC levels were 13670 ± 1890 cells/mm3. In our study, frequency of raised CRP levels was found in 100% and TLC in 71.82% of patients with odontogenic space infections. Conclusion: This study concluded that frequency of raised C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels are found in 100% patients, indicating CRP to be an effective biomarker in infected patients. Keywords: Odontogenic Infections, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Total Leukocyte Count (TLC).

Global climate change and the urgency to transform food crops require substantial breeding efforts to meet the food security challenges. Barley, an important cereal, has remained a preferential host of phytotoxic diseases caused by the

People around the globe rumored so many things about the safety and efficacy of initial two doses and booster dose of Covid-19 vaccine, which eventually affected the acceptance of the only tool available against the fight between humans and virus. The aim of current study is to evaluate the acceptance and reluctance level among the population specifically elderly diabetes patients. The cross-sectional study was conducted during a time period of 3 months i.e. from July 2021 until September 2021. A 16-item questionnaire was used to assess the acceptance, reluctance and concerns of the Covid-19 vaccine booster dose among elderly diabetes patients. A 16-item questionnaire was used to assess the acceptance, reluctance and concerns of the Covid-19 vaccine booster dose among elderly diabetes patients. A total of 497 responses were collected and analyzed. Approximately 32% of respondents believed that they need additional information about the Covid-19 vaccine booster dose will be ineffective due to not enough information about the potential side effects of the vaccine dose, while around 80% of respondents showed concerns about safety, efficacy, newness and not enough information about vaccine contents. Around 47.1% of respondents expressed robust concerns about possible side effects of the Covid-19 vaccine booster dose.

In molecular design techniques, thermodynamic properties are predicted through computational tools. Besides, the simple prediction methods explain the space of molecular design while quantum mechanics can accurately predict the properties without any kind of experimental data; however, it is a bit challenging. Therefore, in this chapter, the significant advancement, demurrers in progression, and the future perspective in designing the chemical compounds via using “computer-aided molecular design” (CAMD) tools will be elucidated. Since the interest in designing novel and advanced compounds is increasing with time, traditional methods are not efficient now. This is the key factor in the advancement of CAMD tools. The work advancement different classes of methods that predict the properties will be explained in the chapter. Applications of CAMD in the single component product designs, mixture designs, and also in integrated product designs will be evaluated. All the difficulties while operating the designs and also in obtaining the results and future perspectives will be reviewed. COSMO-CAMD successfully designs novel promising solvents in the liquid-liquid extraction of phenol from water; therefore, it will be explained thoroughly. Some would debate that theoretical tools in computational chemistry can now come up with eager understandings of any chemical process. Yet, the goblet of effective and reliable prediction of compound reactivity has remained fugitive. Favorably, recent developments in the electronic structure theory, which is based on both concepts, element, and rank-scanty, along with the appearance of the highly sophisticated computer architecture, prominently increased the time and length scales that can be simulated using molecular dynamics. This opens the door for the newly proposed ab initio nanoreactor method. Therefore, ab initio methods will be studied completely because we argue that due to this development in molecular designs, the holy grail of computational discovery for complex chemical reactivity is entirely within our reach.

Hafnium is a transition metal and it is the 45th most abundant transition element present on the earth. Hafnium has been successfully alloyed with several metals including titanium, iron, and niobium. Hafnium complexes are less active olefin polymerization catalysts. In the current review synthesis of hafnium complexes involving bonding through different linkages like “carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and oxygen, nitrogen and cobalt nitrogen and oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur, phosphorus and carbon, phosphorus and oxygen, sulfur carbon and oxygen, carbon–nitrogen and oxygen, carbon–nitrogen and phosphorus, carbon–nitrogen oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus, carbon–oxygen phosphorus and nitrogen”. The commonly used solvents for the synthesis of Hafnium complexes are tetrahydrofuran, n-hexane, and toluene, etc. These complexes were mostly reported at different temperatures ranges from −35 to 110 °C with continuous stirring, according to the nature of ligands. An overview of techniques in the synthesis of Hafnium complexes through various routes has been compiled.

Cotton fibre quality is a multigenic trait. Genetic modification of different genes to achieve high quality fibre is difficult without knowing the mechanism lying behind genes interaction. Based on background knowledge an attempt to explore the potential structural interactions between Gossypium hirsutum Wlim5 domain1 and Gossypium hirsutum ACTIN-1 proteins was done in current study. Sequence features of the LIM domain1 of GhWlim5 protein were identified through multiple sequence alignment analysis, and a phylogenetic tree was built to identify evolutionary relationships between sequences. Conservation indicated the evolutionary importance of side chain residues and the presence of several aliphatic and/or bulky residues, which stabilize the protein core and facilitate packing of zinc fingers. The structures of GhWlim5 domain1 and GhACTIN-1 proteins were modelled and validated through computational methods. Validation of GhACTIN-1 and GhWlim5 domain1 structures indicated good structural quality with 99.7% and 100% of the favoured number of residues in allowed regions and Z-score, within the ranges of − 9.87 and − 4.17, respectively. Docking analysis indicated various possible modes of interaction between these two proteins with favourable binding affinities. Based on our strong binding interaction results between GhWlim5 domain1 and GhACTIN-1 proteins, we further investigated the role of over-expression of GhWlim5 by transformation in cotton plants under fibre specific promoter and transgenic plants displayed significant increases in fibre strength.

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a very promising and fast technique for studying drugs and for detecting chemical nature of a molecule and DNA interaction. In the current study, SERS is employed to check the interaction of different concentrations of n-propyl imidazole derivative ligand with salmon sperm DNA using silver nanoparticles as SERS substrates.Multivariate data analysis technique like principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) are employed for the detailed analysis of the SERS spectral features associated with the mode of action of the imidazole derivative ligand with DNA.Silver nanoparticles were used as a SERS substrate in DNA-drug interaction. Five different concentrations of ligands were interacted with DNA and mix with Ag-NPs as substrate. The SERS spectra of were acquired for all seven samples and processed using MATLAB. Additionally, PCA and PLS-DA were used to assessed the ability SERS to differentiate interaction of DNA-drug.Differentiating SERS features having changes in their peak position and intensities are observed including 629 cmSERS give significant information regarding to Drug-DNA interaction mechanism, SERS spectra inferred the mode of action of anticancer compound that are imidazole in nature.

Azolium salts are stable sources of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), an emerging class of ligands. Due to prominent properties, they have versatile applications. In the current study, new bis-benzimidazolium salts and their silver complexes were synthesized and confirmed through spectroscopic analysis. Compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Biological potentials of these compounds were investigated for antibacterial activity against both the gram-positive (Staphylococcus Aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia Coli) strains. The salts L1 and L2 showed zone inhibition of 17 ± 1 and 13.33 ± 0.58 mm for S. Aureus and 8.83 ± 0.76 and 8.83 ± 0.58 mm for E. Coli, respectively. The respective silver complexes C1 and C2 showed better zone of inhibitions for both the strains, i.e., 18.67 ± 0.58 and 19.83 ± 0.29 mm for S. Aureus and 12.5 ± 0.5 and 14.33 ± 0.58 mm for E. Coli, respectively. The salts showed a good trend in scavenging concerning the increasing concentration and presented the IC50 values in the range of 3.51 and 15.36 µg/mL, respectively, which showed that these compounds are good antioxidant agents. The Hemolytic potentential of compounds were checked and L2 was found least tixic with 7.37 ± 0.11 value.

The current study was aimed to investigate the alleviative effect of Artemisia brevifolia (A. brevifolia) plant extract against CCl4-induced testicular damage in male albino rats. Forty-eight male albino rats were categorized into eight equal experimental groups i.e., control, vehicle control, CCl4 (1 ml/kg), CCl4 + silymarin, CCl4 + A. brevifolia (150 mg/kg), CCl4 + A. brevifolia (300 mg/kg), A. brevifolia (150 mg/kg) and A. brevifolia (300 mg/kg). After 56 days, blood and testicular samples were collected, and antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, hormonal concentration, daily sperm production (DSP), and histomorphometry were analyzed. The animals treated with the A. brevifolia extract exhibited a significant (p

Raman spectroscopy is an effective tool for determining the antibacterial actitivites of organometallic compounds against different bacterial strains.The purpose of current study is to check the anibacterial activites of ligand (3-chlorobenzoic acid) and its respective zinc complex against gram positive and gram-negative bacterial strains by using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).The ligand (3-chlorobenzoic acid) and its respective zinc complex caused different biochemical changes in gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains such as lipid contents, DNA/RNA contents, proteins contents, peptidoglycan contents and bacterial spore contents which can be observed with different SERS spectral features. Furthermore, PCA was employed for differentiating the mechanism of action of zinc complexes against gram-positive bacterial strain and gram-negative bacterial strain.Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been employed for analyzing the antibiotic activities of 3-chlorobenzoic acid ligands and their respective zinc complexes against Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive) bacterial strains. The bioactivity assay and SERS spectral results clearly show that the complex causes more degradation in both bacterial cells (E. coli and B. subtilis) as compared to ligand. Furthermore, PCA was employed for differentiating the mechanism of action of zinc complexes against gram-positive bacterial strain and gram-negative bacterial strain.SERS technique along with chemometric tools have successfully differentiated the antibiotic activities of 3-chlorobenzoic acid ligands and their respective zinc complexes against Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive) bacterial strains.

N-heterocyclic carbene salts bearing alkyl substituents (1-8) and their selenium N-heterocyclic carbene adducts (9-12) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (1HNMR, 13CNMR) spectroscopic techniques. All the adducts were found to be stable in air and moisture at room temperature. Compounds (5-12) were evaluated against Bacillus subtilis Macrococcus brunensis and Bacillus cereus in vitro. The biological assay revealed that antibacterial activity of Selenium-N-heterocyclic carbene adducts are comparatively better than the salts. MIC and inhibition zone values showed that Bacillus subtilis is more active to selenium adducts (9-12) than Macrococcus brunensis and Bacillus cereus whereas opposite in the salts (5-8). In vitro studies of hemolysis and thrombolysis demonstrated that the synthesized compounds are innocuous for pre-clinical trials to mouse blood.

The synthesis of five selenium complexes bearing imidazole-based N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (Se-NHC) are reported. The adducts were characterized by elemental and spectroscopic analysis (FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR). Single-crystal XRD confirmed the structures of two Se-NHC adducts, VIII and XI. Zone of inhibition (ZOI) values of Se-NHC complexes were evaluated towards two bacterial (Bacillus thuringiensis and Escherichia coli) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). The most active tested compound was XI with inhibition value of 24.1 ± 0.1 mm against E. coli, and it showed higher activity than Tetracycline (reference drug). Similarly, XI exhibited good inhibition potential against C. albicans (26.5 ± 0.2 mm). The hemolytic assay demonstrated that the tested compounds (VIII-XII) are non-toxic to healthy human blood; however, thrombolysis indicated that VIII-XII could be used as potential thrombolytic agents. It is concluded that Se-NHC carbene adducts having more aromatic rings at terminal nitrogens of imidazole are more effective than other tested compounds. Se-NHC compounds have more efficacy against bacterial strains than fungal strain.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is used to identify the biochemical changes associated with the antifungal activities of selenium and zinc organometallic complexes against Aspergillus niger fungus. These biochemical changes identified in the form of SERS peaks can help to understand the mechanism of action of these antifungal agents which is important for development of new antifungal drugs. The SERS spectral changes indicate the denaturation and conformational changes of proteins and fungal cell wall decomposition in complex exposed fungal samples. The SERS spectra of these organometallic complexes exposed fungi are analyzed by using statistical tools like principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PCA is employed to differentiate the SERS spectra of fungal samples exposed to ligands and complexes. The PLS-DA discriminated different groups of spectra with 99.8% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 98% accuracy and 86 % area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve.

Crop traits are controlled by multiple genes; however, the complex spatio-temporal transcriptional behavior of genes cannot be fully understood without comprehending the role of transcription factors (TFs) and the underlying mechanisms of the binding interactions of their cis-regulatory elements. NAC belongs to one of the largest families of plant-specific TFs and has been associated with the regulation of many traits. This review provides insight into the cis-regulation of genes by wheat NACs (TaNACs) for the improvement in yield-related traits, including phytohormonal homeostasis, leaf senescence, seed traits improvement, root modulation, and biotic and abiotic stresses in wheat and other cereals. We also discussed the current potential, knowledge gaps, and prospects of TaNACs.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most essential fiber crop and is widely cultivated within the tropical regions of the world. It has a major impact on socio-economical get-together in Pakistan. Unfortunately, it has been tormented by cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) that is produced by distinct species of begomoviruses (Family; Geminiviridae) like Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala strain (CLCuKoV-Bu) associated with specific betasatellite—Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). Host resistance against CLCuD has not been achieved yet. The present study employed the use of synthetic genes considering the phenomenon of pathogen derived resistance (PDR). The coat protein (CP) and replication associated protein (Rep) genes sequence from CLCuKoV-Bu were codon optimized, synthesized and used to control CLCuKoV-Bu and associated betasatellite related to CLCuD. The Nicotiana benthamiana plants were Agrobacterium mediated transformed with synthetic CP (CPsyn) and synthetic Rep (Repsyn) under the control of Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The transgenic plants harboring CPsyn and Repsyn genes were infiltrated with CLCuKoV-Bu alone and CLCuKoV-Bu- CLCuMuB inoculums showed relatively milder symptoms as compared with wild sorts and low virus concentration as checked by southern hybridization. The results confirmed that CPsyn, Repsyn genes may be utilized for the resistance of CLCuKoV-Bu and associated betasatellites related to CLCuD and PDR mechanism may also be developed for the control of CLCuD.

Aim: To find out the perspective of awareness, attitude and practice of keeping good oral hygiene among the Medical and dental college students of Islamabad and Abbottabad. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in HBS and Federal Medical and Dental College Islamabad and Frontier Medical and Dental College Abbottabad from July to December 2021. A sample of 900 medical and dental students of 1st, 2nd and 3rd year MBBS and BDS, 300 from each college were selected randomly. Result: Number of Female students was more than male students with an age range between 17-22 years in all three colleges. Majority of the students had insufficient awareness and knowledge about various available dental hygiene aids, their proper usage and impact on health status. Good practice, knowledge and attitude of dental hygiene was shown by less than 50% of students, majority students of Islamabad than Abbottabad. Conclusion: Average level of AAP about oral hygiene was seen among the Medical and Dental students of all colleges. Organizing various counseling sessions, community work and seminars to highlight the importance of oral hygiene, various tools available and their proper usage was suggested. Keywords: Awareness, Attitude and Practice (AAP), tools, Oral hygiene.

PurposeDespite the strategic importance of the approaches, most of the approaches consider “internal fit” or “external fit”, and do not consider the role of creative climate. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between approaches to strategic human resource management (SHRM) and organisational performance through a creative climate.Design/methodology/approachThis paper has divided into three parts. First, the paper explores the literatures on the constructs. Second, it examines the relationships between constructs dealt with in the literature. Third, the review identifies the gaps in the literature and describes future recommendations of research for this field.FindingsThis study can serve as a starting point for future research on the relationship between SHRM practices, creative climate and organisational performance in terms of financial, human resource and customer retention. Researchers and practitioners need to understand the relationship between the three constructs.Originality/valueThe paper helps managers need to design strategic HRM policies and practices that are aligned with creative climate and organisational performance. Furthermore, it helps scholars/researchers focus their research on the relationship between HRM approaches (universal and contingency approaches), organisational performance and examining the role of creative climate as a mediator to overcome its causal limitations.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between employee engagement and job performance in the country of Lebanon, and to test whether creativity mediates the relationship between engagement and performance. Design/methodology/approach The research sample consisted of 186 respondents working in Lebanese firms. The questionnaire included established measures relating to employee engagement, job performance and creativity – in addition to various demographic questions. Stepwise multiple regression and bootstrapping methods were employed in the analysis of the data. Findings The findings showed a significant positive effect of employee engagement on job performance. However, mediation analysis using bootstrapping methods has shown that creativity has fully mediated the relationship between engagement and performance. Originality/value The study extends previous research and increases the external validity of the findings by investigating the relationship between engagement and performance in new non-western contexts. Moreover, this is one of the first research studies that explores the role of creativity in the relationship between the two variables; this helps in improving our understanding of the model and aids in enhancing the effect of engagement on performance.

Stacking multiple genes into cotton crop to cop up multiple biotic stresses such as insects and weeds is a promising tool to save crop from losses. Transgenic cotton variety, VH-289, with double Bt and cp4EPSPS genes under the control of 35S promoter was used for the expression analyses and biosafety studies. The transgenic cotton plants were screened through PCR amplification of fragments, 1.7 kb for Cry1Ac, 582 bp for Cry2A and 250 bp for cp4EPSPS; which confirmed the presence of all genes transformed in transgenic cotton. The Cry1Ac + Cry2A and cp4EPSPS proteins were quantified through ELISA in transgenic cotton plants. The Glyphosate assay performed by spraying 1900 mL per acre of glyphosate Roundup further confirmed complete survival of transgenic cotton plants as compared to the non-transgenic cotton plants and all weeds. Similarly, insect infestation data determined that almost 99% insect mortality was observed in controlled field grown transgenic cotton plants as compared to the non-transgenic control plants. Evaluation of effect of temperature and soil nutrients availability on transgene expression in cotton plants was done at two different cotton growing regions, Multan and Lahore, Pakistan and results suggested that despite of higher temperature in Multan field, an increased level of Cry and cp4EPSPS proteins was recorded due to higher soil organic matter availability compared to Lahore field. Before commercialization of any transgenic variety its biosafety study is mandatory so, a 90 days biosafety study of the transgenic cotton plants with 40% transgenic cottonseeds in standard diet showed no harmful effect on wister rat model when studied for liver function, renal function and serum electrolyte.

Background: First case of pandemic COVID-19 was diagnosed in December 2019 in China from where it spread throughout the world. In Pakistan, first case was diagnosed in February 2020 which resulted in a complete and several smart national lockdowns. National Command and Operation Center (NCOC) and Ministry of Health published guidelines for patient’s treatments during pandemic which includes: 1) providing only emergency Treatments 2) Patient’s pre-admittance Questioning, 3) Increasing intervals between appointment, 4) prevent crowding in waiting rooms, 5) Wearing masks at all times. 6) Wearing PPE. Methods: Data from all clinical departments of Frontier Medical and Dental College and Hospital Abbottabad was collected between March and December 2020 which included Number of; 1) Patients treated 2) Medical Staff 3) patients with positive COVID-19 reports 4) healthcare workers suffering from COVID-19. And 6) Post treatment Virus Infected patients. Results: 291 health care staff including 135 medical and dental doctors, 4 dental hygienists, 82 paramedics and 70 Administrative staff worked during the study period and 3280 procedures were performed. Out of these, thirty-eight (38) staff members treated 190 verified COVID-19 patients. During the study period 6 dentists (2.06%) and 9 (3.09%) medical doctors, 2 (0.7%) assistants and 3 (1.03%) admin staff were tested positive for the virus. Conclusion: Present study highlights the importance of education and stickiness to the infection control guidelines thus minimizing the risk of transmission of corona virus among the Healthcare professionals in hospitals. Keywords: COVID-19; Infection control, PPE, NCOC

This exploratory study assesses employers' perceptions of the importance and competence levels of performing identified graduates' competencies in the New Zealand public sector. The tertiary education institutions in New Zealand are facing increasing demands from employers and stakeholders. The employers demand that the educational institutions today should provide relevant skillset needed by the current organisations. What kind of skillsets required by employers and what institutes are offering to their graduates, however, are yet to be determined. This study attempts to fill the gap in the literature by examining this in the New Zealand public sector. Therefore, this study will determine what employers' work perceptions are regarding skills needed versus what skills graduates actually bring to the workplace.

Traditional supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system measurements suffer from low resolution (24 samples/sec). The proliferation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in power grid have enabled high resolution (25-120 samples/sec) monitoring. This has resulted in the explosion of data characterized by large volume, velocity and variety. Diversity of intra-class events may lead to bad performance by deterministic event detection schemes. To this, we propose a data driven technique based on multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) for fault classification. The proposed method identifies both symmetrical and unsymmetrical ground faults in the system utilizing only three input features based on voltage of phases A, B and C. A One Against One (OAO) and One Against All (OAA) SVM formulation is used for multi-class classification. The user-defined parameters C and γ are tuned using k-fold cross-validation and grid search technique. Comparison between deterministic and data driven fault classification scheme is also discussed in this work.

Pancytopenia is classified as low blood cell count. Low levels of hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are indicative of pancytopenic state. This pancytopenic state can be treatment (drug) or disease induced. Conventional approaches available to treat pancytopenia are usually associated with many undesirable adverse effects, are costly and parenterally administered. Interest in natural products has significantly increased due to their ability to stimulate cellular components of immune system. This study is designed to investigate the hematopoietic i.e. erythropoeitic, leucopoietic and thrombopoeitic potential of water distilled flowers of Rosa damascena Mill.

In this study, Raman spectroscopy is employed to analyze and characterize two salts (N-heterocyclic carbene) and their respective selenium N-heterocyclic carbene compounds. The features observed as differences among Raman spectral data of two different N-heterocyclic carbene salts are called Salt-I and Salt-II and their respective Se compounds, called Compound-ICompound-II, are used to confirm the formation covalent bond between Se atom carbon atom of carbene. Enhancement in peak intensities and shifting of peak positions is directly related with compound formation. Raman spectral data provide a detail information about bond formation, chemical and structural differences between salts and compounds. The observed Raman spectral features of both salts and compounds are in consistent with computationally calculated Raman spectral features. Raman spectral features of each salt and its respective compound was further analyzed with principal component analysis, which was found helpful for differentiating each salt from its respective compound.

There is enough data available now to believe that nature has provided cure of almost every ailment through herbal medicine or management. Therefore, now there is lot of emphasis on identification, evaluation, development and characterization of numerous plants and their active constituents against several diseases including depression. Depression is not only one of the most common ailments but also a highly complex condition to study. Even though several antidepressant drugs are available now, yet their effectiveness and usefulness are highly questionable especially because of their side effects. As herbal remedies are generally associated with favourable safety profiles therefore they have the possible potential to deliver effective replacements to currently available synthetic antidepressants. More recently, efforts have been focused on characterization of pharmacologically active ingredients and to identify the mode of action of herbal antidepressant medicines. This review describes a brief introduction of different animal models for depression and discusses the advantages and disadvantages for each approach. Then we have summarized possible plant phytochemicals as antidepressant drug and their underlying mechanisms. In the main body of the review, we have discussed in detail the most frequently used plants (21) being investigated for the treatment of depression. Additionally, we have provided the list of medicinal plants (92) representing their origin, parts used, extraction method, evaluation method and possible active ingredient. In the final part of the review we have presented the summary of clinical trials on the use of medical plants for depression and their active constituents.

Extensive studies have been conducted on skilled and low-skilled workers to estimate the overall impact of immigration on economic growth and competitiveness. Previous researches suggest that immigration of skilled people is more than 10 times as valuable to the economy as the entry of unskilled workers. Despite the positive impression that skilled migrants provide, the academic literature suggests that the experiences of skilled migrants can often be problematic. The main purpose of this paper is to understand the experiences of skilled migrants in New Zealand. The qualitative research explored settlement experiences from the perspectives of migrants to identify the factors that influence settlement outcomes for migrants located in NZ. This study reveals mixed experiences of skilled migrants at their workplaces. Some of the respondents shared positive experiences such as friendly environment and support system while other mentioned about the negatives experiences such as language barriers, overseas qualifications and no recognition of overseas work experiences.

Whitefly infestation of cotton crop imparts enormous damage to cotton yield by severely affecting plant health, vigour and transmitting Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV). Genetic modification of cotton helps to overcome both the direct whitefly infestation as well as CLCuV based cotton yield losses. We have constitutively overexpressed asparaginase (ZmASN) gene in Gossypium hirsutum to overcome the cotton yield losses imparted by whitefly infestation. We achieved 2.54% transformation efficiency in CIM-482 by Agrobacterium-mediated shoot apex transformation method. The relative qRT-PCR revealed 40-fold higher transcripts of asparaginase in transgenic cotton line vs. non-transgenic cotton lines. Metabolic analysis showed higher contents of aspartic acid and glutamic acid in seeds and phloem sap of the transgenic cotton lines. Phenotypically, the transgenic cotton lines showed vigorous growth and height, greater number of bolls, and yield. Among six representative transgenic cotton lines, line 14 had higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, smooth fiber surface, increased fiber convolutions (SEM analysis) and 95% whitefly mortality as compared to non-transgenic cotton line. The gene integration analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization showed single copy gene integration at chromosome number 1. Collectively, asparaginase gene demonstrated potential to control whitefly infestation, post-infestation damages and improve cotton plant health and yield: a pre-requisite for farmer’s community.

The common problem of insulation failure is the root cause of concern for the aging of the equipment. The objective of this work is to use the Impedance Analyzer to investigate the electrical parameters of Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) insulation under various aging conditions. The electrical parameters of XLPE insulation are measured and compared for both aged and unaged samples. Aging of XLPE insulation is carried out at different values of Relative Humidity (RH), i.e., at 60°C & 50% RH, and 60°C & 80% RH. The samples are aged at a specified temperature and relative humidity under constant and cyclic stress in a thermal and humidity chamber. Frequency spectroscopy is performed between 4 Hz to 1000 Hz. The electrical parameters measured are dissipation factor, capacitance, and conductance. It is seen that aging modifies the XPLE samples' electrical parameters and relies on temperature and relative humidity.

Objective: The complicated operational coverage to severe injuries needed for the conventional method of surgeries associate with the high rate of mortality & morbidity. We demonstrated our outcomes with respect to the conventional way of surgeries following the axillosubclavian injuries. Methodology: The surgery of twenty-nine patients suffering from axillosubclavian injuries carried out at the emergency department of Lahore General Hospital from December 2014 to April 2019. The methods of treatment and detection of disease, related injury of organ, rates of morbidity and mortality in the patients were under evaluation. Results: The reason of the injuries were wounds because of stab in 37.90% (n: 11) patients, wounds of gun firing in 31.0% (n: 9) patients, iatrogenic injuries were available in 17.20% (n: 5) patients & blunt trauma was present in 13.70% (n: 4) patients. Total 8 (27.50%) patients found with separated injuries of arteries while 72.40% (n: 21) found with injuries of coexisting organs as veins, bones, nerves and soft tissues. The main important surgical procedures were primary repair & utilization of the saphenous vein. Myocardial infarction causes the death of 1 patient. Rate of mortality was 3.40%. Conclusions: Injuries of subclavian and auxiliary vascular have a close association with the neurogenic, injuries of the soft tissues & osseous and early intervention are very necessary to recover these injuries. The better choice of the surgery is conventional method which has a poor status and fulfills the condition of emergency. Keywords: Axillosubclavian, Injury, Intervention, Methodology, Mortality, Stab, Gunfire, Detection, Soft Tissues, Bones, Iatrogenic, Complicated.

Energy efficient transmission rate regulation of wireless sensing nodes, is a critical issue when operating in an energy harvesting (EH) enabled environment. In this work, we view the energy management problem as a queue control problem where the objective is to regulate transmission such that the energy level converges to a reference value. We employ a validated non-linear queuing model to derive two non-linear robust throughput controllers. A notable feature of the proposed scheme is its capability of predicting harvest-able energy. The predictions are generated using the proposed Accurate Solar Irradiance prediction Model (ASIM) whose effectiveness in generating accurate both long and short term predictions is demonstrated using real world data. The stability of the proposed controllers is established analytically and the effectiveness of the proposed strategies is demonstrated using simulations conducted on the Network Simulator (NS-3). The proposed policy is successful in guiding the energy level to the reference value, and outperforms the Throughput Optimal (TO) policy in terms of the throughput achieved.