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52. Extended follow-up of children in a phase2b trial of the GMZ2 malaria vaccine

Author

Dassah, Sylvester, primary, Adu, Bright, additional, Sirima, Sodiomon B., additional, Mordmüller, Benjamin, additional, Ngoa, Ulysse Ateba, additional, Atuguba, Frank, additional, Arthur, Fareed K.N., additional, Mensah, Benedicta A., additional, Kaddumukasa, Mark, additional, Bang, Peter, additional, Kremsner, Peter G., additional, Mategula, Donnie, additional, Flach, Clare, additional, Milligan, Paul, additional, and Theisen, Michael, additional

Published
2021
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53. Koshihikari X Oryza rufipogon Introgression Line with a High Capacity to Take up Nitrogen to Maintain Growth and Panicle Development under Low Nitrogen Conditions.

Author

Adu, Bright G, Argete, Aizelle Y S, Egawa, Sakiko, Nagano, Atsushi J, Shimizu, Akifumi, Ohmori, Yoshihiro, and Fujiwara, Toru

Subjects
*RED rice, *WILD rice, *GERMPLASM, *NITROGEN, *PLANT growth, *RICE, *ORYZA
Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient for plant growth and development. Currently, N fertilizers are required for the efficient production of modern crops such as rice due to their limited capacity to take up N when present at low concentrations. Wild rice represents a useful genetic resource for improving crop responses to low nutrient stress. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of an introgression line, KRIL37, that carries a small region of the Oryza rufipogon genome in the Oryza sativa L. cv Koshihikari (KH) background. This line was found to grow better under low N conditions and have similar or lower C/N ratios in aerial portions compared to those in the parental KH cultivar, suggesting that KRIL37 has a higher capacity to take up and assimilate N when present at low concentrations. KRIL37 performance in the field was also better than that of KH cultivated without N and fertilizer (−F). Transcriptome analyses of 3-week-old seedlings based on RNA-sequencing revealed that KH induced a wider suite of genes than the tolerant line KRIL37 in response to low N conditions. Some ammonium transporters and N assimilation genes were found to be induced under low N in KRIL37, but not in KH. Our findings suggest that the superior growth performance of KRIL37 under limited N conditions could be due to the expression of wild alleles influencing N uptake and assimilation. Our study demonstrates the potential to use wild rice genomes to improve modern crops for low nutrient tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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54. Corrigendum: Asymptomatic Malaria Infection Is Maintained by a Balanced Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Response

Author

Frimpong, Augustina, primary, Amponsah, Jones, additional, Adjokatseh, Abigail Sena, additional, Agyemang, Dorothy, additional, Bentum-Ennin, Lutterodt, additional, Ofori, Ebenezer Addo, additional, Kyei-Baafour, Eric, additional, Akyea-Mensah, Kwadwo, additional, Adu, Bright, additional, Mensah, Gloria Ivy, additional, Amoah, Linda Eva, additional, and Kusi, Kwadwo Asamoah, additional

Published
2021
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56. Suitability of IgG responses to multiple Plasmodium falciparum antigens as markers of transmission intensity and pattern

Author

Kyei-Baafour, Eric, primary, Oppong, Mavis, additional, Kusi, Kwadwo Asamoah, additional, Frempong, Abena Fremaah, additional, Aculley, Belinda, additional, Arthur, Fareed K. N., additional, Tiendrebeogo, Regis Wendpayangde, additional, Singh, Susheel K., additional, Theisen, Michael, additional, Kweku, Margaret, additional, Adu, Bright, additional, Hviid, Lars, additional, and Ofori, Michael Fokuo, additional

Published
2021
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58. Association of Immunoglobulin G3 Hinge Region Length Polymorphism With Cerebral Malaria in Ghanaian Children.

Author

Kyei-Baafour, Eric, Kusi, Kwadwo A, Arthur, Fareed K N, Sarkodie-Addo, Tracy, Theisen, Michael, Dodoo, Daniel, and Adu, Bright

Subjects
PROTOZOA, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, MALARIA, RESEARCH funding
Abstract

Cerebral malaria (CM) may cause death or long-term neurological damage in children, and several host genetic risk factors have been reported. Malaria-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G3 antibodies are crucial to human immune response against malaria. The hinge region of IgG3 exhibits length polymorphism (with long [L], medium [M], and short [S] alleles), which may influence its functionality. We studied IgG3 hinge region length polymorphisms in 136 Ghanaian children with malaria. Using logistic regression models, we found that children with the recessive MM allotype encoding medium IgG3 hinge region length had an increased risk of CM (adjusted odds ratio, 6.67 [95% confidence interval,1.30-34.32]; P=.004) . This has implications for future epidemiological studies on CM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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60. Impact of iron fortification on anaemia and iron deficiency among pre-school children living in Rural Ghana

Author

Tchum, Samuel Kofi, primary, Arthur, Fareed Kow, additional, Adu, Bright, additional, Sakyi, Samuel Asamoah, additional, Abubakar, Latifatu Alhassan, additional, Atibilla, Dorcas, additional, Amenga-Etego, Seeba, additional, Oppong, Felix Boakye, additional, Dzabeng, Francis, additional, Amoani, Benjamin, additional, Gyan, Thomas, additional, Arhin, Emmanuel, additional, and Poku-Asante, Kwaku, additional

Published
2021
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62. Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reveals local viral evolution in Ghana

Author

Ngoi, Joyce M, primary, Quashie, Peter K, additional, Morang'a, Collins M, additional, Bonney, Joseph HK, additional, Amuzu, Dominic SY, additional, Kumordjie, Selassie, additional, Asante, Ivy A, additional, Bonney, Evelyn Y, additional, Eshun, Miriam, additional, Boatemaa, Linda, additional, Magnusen, Vanessa, additional, Kotey, Erasmus N, additional, Ndam, Nicaise T, additional, Tei-Maya, Frederick, additional, Arjarquah, Augustina K, additional, Obodai, Evangeline, additional, Otchere, Isaac D, additional, Bediako, Yaw, additional, Mutungi, Joe K, additional, Amenga-Etego, Lucas N, additional, Odoom, John K, additional, Anang, Abraham K, additional, Kyei, George B, additional, Adu, Bright, additional, Ampofo, William K, additional, and Awandare, Gordon A, additional

Published
2020
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64. Asymptomatic Malaria Infection Is Maintained by a Balanced Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Response

Author

Frimpong, Augustina, primary, Amponsah, Jones, additional, Adjokatseh, Abigail Sena, additional, Agyemang, Dorothy, additional, Bentum-Ennin, Lutterodt, additional, Ofori, Ebenezer Addo, additional, Kyei-Baafour, Eric, additional, Akyea-Mensah, Kwadwo, additional, Adu, Bright, additional, Mensah, Gloria Ivy, additional, Amoah, Linda Eva, additional, and Kusi, Kwadwo Asamoah, additional

Published
2020
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66. Microscopic and Submicroscopic Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Infections in Ghanaian Children and Protection against Febrile Malaria

Author

Adu, Bright, primary, Issahaque, Quratul-ain, additional, Sarkodie-Addo, Tracy, additional, Kumordjie, Selassie, additional, Kyei-Baafour, Eric, additional, Sinclear, Caleb K., additional, Eyia-Ampah, Sophia, additional, Owusu-Yeboa, Eunice, additional, Theisen, Michael, additional, and Dodoo, Daniel, additional

Published
2020
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67. Impact of Iron Fortification on Anaemia and Iron Deficiency among Pre-school Children Living in Rural Ghana

Author

Tchum, Samuel Kofi, primary, Arthur, Fareed Kow, additional, Adu, Bright, additional, Sakyi, Samuel Asamoah, additional, Abubakar, Latifatu Alhassan, additional, Atibilla, Dorcas, additional, Amenga-Etego, Seeba Ibn, additional, Oppong, Felix Boakye, additional, Dzabeng, Francis, additional, Amoani, Benjamin, additional, Gyan, Thomas, additional, and Poku-Asante, Kwaku, additional

Published
2020
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68. Effect of Drug Pressure on Promoting the Emergence of Antimalarial-Resistant Parasites among Pregnant Women in Ghana

Author

Tornyigah, Bernard, primary, Coppée, Romain, additional, Houze, Pascal, additional, Kusi, Kwadwo A., additional, Adu, Bright, additional, Quakyi, Isabella, additional, Coleman, Nathaniel, additional, Mama, Atikatou, additional, Deloron, Philippe, additional, Anang, Abraham K., additional, Clain, Jérôme, additional, Tahar, Rachida, additional, Ofori, Michael F., additional, and Tuikue Ndam, Nicaise, additional

Published
2020
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70. The Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein produced in Lactococcus lactis is pure and stable

Author

Singh, Susheel K., primary, Plieskatt, Jordan, additional, Chourasia, Bishwanath Kumar, additional, Singh, Vandana, additional, Bolscher, Judith M., additional, Dechering, Koen J., additional, Adu, Bright, additional, López-Méndez, Blanca, additional, Kaviraj, Swarnendu, additional, Locke, Emily, additional, King, C. Richter, additional, and Theisen, Michael, additional

Published
2020
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73. The prevalence of submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage and multiplicity of infection in children, pregnant women and adults in a low malaria transmission area in Southern Ghana 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1108 Medical Microbiology 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1117 Public Health and Health Services

Author

Lamptey, Helena, Ofori, Michael Fokuo, Kusi, Kwadwo Asamoah, Adu, Bright, Owusu-Yeboa, Eunice, Kyei-Baafour, Eric, Arku, Andrea Twumwaa, Bosomprah, Samuel, Alifrangis, Michael, and Quakyi, Isabella A.

Subjects
Multiplicity of infection, Gametocyte prevalence, parasitic diseases, Pfs230, Plasmodium falciparum, Seroprevalence, Submicroscopic infections, Ghana
Abstract

Background: The gametocyte stage of Plasmodium falciparum is considered an important target for disrupting malaria transmission. Indications are that various demographic groups, such as children and pregnant women may differ in risk of harbouring gametocytes, which may be crucial for targeted control. In this study, the relationship between the prevalence and multiplicity of P. falciparum, asexual parasite infections and gametocytaemia was assessed in three different demographic groups in an area of southern Ghana with low malaria endemicity. Levels of antibody responses to Pfs230 were also assessed as a proxy for the presence of gametocytes. Methods: The study involved multiple cross-sectional sampling of children (N = 184, aged 2-15 years), male and non-pregnant female adults (N = 154, aged 16-65 years) and pregnant women (N = 125, aged 18-45 years) from Asutsuare in the Shai Osudoku District of Greater Accra Region in Ghana. Asexual parasitaemia was detected by microscopy and PCR, and gametocytaemia was assessed by Pfs25-real time PCR. Multiclonal P. falciparum infections were estimated by msp2 genotyping and an indirect ELISA was used to measure plasma IgG antibodies to Pfs230 antigen. Results: Overall, children and pregnant women had higher prevalence of submicroscopic gametocytes (39.5% and 29.7%, respectively) compared to adults (17.4%). Multiplicity of infection observed amongst children (3.1) and pregnant women (3.9) were found to be significantly higher (P = 0.006) compared with adults (2.7). Risk of gametocyte carriage was higher in individuals infected with P. falciparum having both Pfmsp2 3D7 and FC27 parasite types (OR = 5.92, 95% CI 1.56-22.54, P = 0.009) compared with those infected with only 3D7 or FC27 parasite types. In agreement with the parasite prevalence data, anti-Pfs230 antibody levels were lower in gametocyte positive adults (β = - 0.57, 95% CI - 0.81, - 0.34, P < 0.001) compared to children. Conclusions: These findings suggest that children and pregnant women are particularly important as P. falciparum submicroscopic gametocyte reservoirs and represent important focus groups for control interventions. The number of clones increased in individuals carrying gametocytes compared to those who did not carry gametocytes. The higher anti-gametocyte antibody levels in children suggests recent exposure and may be a marker of gametocyte carriage.

Published
2018

77. Marburg Virus Disease in Ghana.

Author

Bonney, Joseph K., Adu, Bright, and Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy

Subjects
*MARBURG virus, *VIRUS diseases, *HEMORRHAGIC fever
Abstract

The article describes the case of a 26-year-old man from Ghana with fever, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and epistaxis who was suspected of having a viral hemorrhagic fever. The results of examination were consistent with the presence of Marburg virus (MARV), a highly infectious disease. Also mentioned are the cases of MARV disease confirmed in Ghana, clinical characteristics of MARV disease, and the outbreak of MARV disease in Ghana.

Published
2023
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79. Malaria epidemiology in an area of stable transmission in tribal population of Jharkhand, India

Author

Das, Manoj K., primary, Prajapati, Brijesh K., additional, Tiendrebeogo, Régis W., additional, Ranjan, Kumud, additional, Adu, Bright, additional, Srivastava, Amit, additional, Khera, Harvinder K., additional, Chauhan, Narendra, additional, Tevatiya, Sanjay, additional, Kana, Ikhlaq H., additional, Sharma, Surya Kant, additional, Singh, Subhash, additional, and Theisen, Michael, additional

Published
2017
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80. Safety and Immunogenicity of EBA-175 RII-NG Malaria Vaccine Administered Intramuscularly in Semi-Immune Adults: A Phase 1, Double-Blinded Placebo Controlled Dosage Escalation Study

Author

Koram, Kwadwo A., primary, Adu, Bright, additional, Ocran, Josephine, additional, Karikari, Yaa S., additional, Adu-Amankwah, Susan, additional, Ntiri, Michael, additional, Abuaku, Benjamin, additional, Dodoo, Daniel, additional, Gyan, Ben, additional, Kronmann, Karl C., additional, and Nkrumah, Francis, additional

Published
2016
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81. Antibody levels against GLURP R2, MSP1 block 2 hybrid and AS202.11 and the risk of malaria in children living in hyperendemic (Burkina Faso) and hypo-endemic (Ghana) areas

Author

Adu, Bright, primary, Cherif, Mariama K., additional, Bosomprah, Samuel, additional, Diarra, Amidou, additional, Arthur, Fareed K. N., additional, Dickson, Emmanuel K., additional, Corradin, Giampietro, additional, Cavanagh, David R., additional, Theisen, Michael, additional, Sirima, Sodiomon B., additional, Nebie, Issa, additional, and Dodoo, Daniel, additional

Published
2016
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82. A STAT6 Intronic Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism is Associated with Clinical Malaria in Ghanaian Children

Author

Amoako-Sakyi, Daniel, primary, Adukpo, Selorme, additional, Kusi, Kwadwo A., additional, Dodoo, Daniel, additional, Ofori, Michael F., additional, Adjei, George O., additional, Edoh, Dominic E., additional, Asmah, Richard H., additional, Brown, Charles, additional, Adu, Bright, additional, Obiri-Yeboah, Dorcas, additional, Futagbi, Godfred, additional, Abubakari, Sharif Buari, additional, Troye-Blomberg, Marita, additional, Akanmori, Bartholomew D., additional, Goka, Bamenla Q., additional, Arko-Mensah, John, additional, and Gyan, Ben A., additional

Published
2016
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88. Whole genome SNPs and phenotypic characterization of cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz) germplasm in the semi-deciduous forest ecology of Ghana

Author

Adu, Bright G., Yeboah, Alex, Akromah, Richard, Bobobee, Emmanuel, Amoah, Stephen, Kena, Alexander W., and Amoah, Richard A.

Abstract

Diversity assessment in crop germplasm is an essential component towards its improvement and conservation. This study was undertaken to determine the genetic diversity within 87 cassava accessions using agro-morphological traits and Diversity Array Technology by sequencing based SNP (DArTseq). Results indicated that, the accessions significantly vary for most traits. Principal component analysis further showed the extent to which height and levels of branching, petiole length and colour, yield, cassava mosaic severity and above ground biomass contribute to the variability among the genotypes. Cassava mosaic disease was also significantly negatively correlated with most of growth and yield traits including shoot biomass and tuber yield. High heritability estimates and genetic advance was obtained for most of the traits indicating a positive response to selection. The uniqueness of each genotype and enormous variability in accessions based on agro-morphological data were debunked by the DArT-based SNP markers as redundant accessions were obtained which goes to confirm the environmental sensitivity of genetically identical genotypes. SNP markers identified fifteen accessions as being redundant based on Gower's distance matrix with nine of these being landraces which shows the continuous exchange of planting materials among cassava growers hence their removal from the collection will enhance the management of the cassava germplasm. This has implication for cassava breeders to make informed choices in the selection of parental accessions for use in breeding programs. The narrow genetic base of the accessions as established by the SNPs necessitate the need to broaden the genetic base.

Published
2020
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89. Microscopic and Submicroscopic Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparumInfections in Ghanaian Children and Protection against Febrile Malaria

Author

Adu, Bright, Issahaque, Quratul-ain, Sarkodie-Addo, Tracy, Kumordjie, Selassie, Kyei-Baafour, Eric, Sinclear, Caleb K., Eyia-Ampah, Sophia, Owusu-Yeboa, Eunice, Theisen, Michael, and Dodoo, Daniel

Abstract

Naturally acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparummalaria is thought to be nonsterile and sustained by persistence of low-level parasitemia. This study assessed the association between baseline microscopic and submicroscopic asymptomatic P. falciparuminfections and antimalarial antibody levels and whether these parasitemia modify protective associations between antibody levels and malaria in Ghanaian children. Healthy children (N?=?973, aged 0.

Published
2020
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90. Malaria Transmission Intensity and Parasitemia during the Three-Dose RTS,S/AS01 Vaccination Series do not Reduce Magnitude of Antibody Response nor Efficacy Against the First Case of Malaria.

Author

Bell GJ, Gyaase S, Goel V, Adu B, Mensah B, Essone P, Dosoo D, Osei M, Niare K, Wiru K, Brandt K, Emch M, Ghansah A, Asante KP, Mvalo T, Agnandji ST, Juliano JJ, and Bailey JA

Abstract

Background: RTS,S/AS01 has been recommended by WHO for widespread implementation in medium to high malaria transmission settings. Previous analyses have noted lower vaccine efficacies in higher transmission settings, possibly due to the more rapid development of naturally acquired immunity in the control group., Methods: To investigate a reduced immune response to vaccination as a potential mechanism behind lower efficacy in high transmission areas, we examine initial vaccine antibody (anti-CSP IgG) response and vaccine efficacy against the first case of malaria to exclude the delayed malaria effect using data from three study areas (Kintampo, Ghana; Lilongwe, Malawi; Lambaréné, Gabon) from the 2009-2014 phase III trial (NCT00866619). Our key exposures are parasitemia during the vaccination series and malaria transmission intensity. We calculate vaccine efficacy (one minus hazard ratio) using a cox-proportional hazards model and allowing for the time-varying effect of RTS,S/AS01., Results: We find that antibody responses to the primary three-dose vaccination series were higher in Ghana than in Malawi and Gabon, but that neither antibody levels nor vaccine efficacy against the first case of malaria varied by transmission intensity or parasitemia during the primary vaccination series., Conclusions: We find that vaccine efficacy is unrelated to infections during vaccination. Contributing to a conflicting literature, our results suggest that vaccine efficacy is also unrelated to infections before vaccination, meaning that delayed malaria is likely the main reason for lower efficacy in high transmission settings, not reduced immune responses. This may be reassuring for implementation in high transmission settings, though further studies are needed., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA was provided the opportunity to review a preliminary version of this manuscript for factual accuracy, but the authors are solely responsible for final content and interpretation.

Published
2023
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91. The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance.

Author

Tegally H, San JE, Cotten M, Moir M, Tegomoh B, Mboowa G, Martin DP, Baxter C, Lambisia AW, Diallo A, Amoako DG, Diagne MM, Sisay A, Zekri AN, Gueye AS, Sangare AK, Ouedraogo AS, Sow A, Musa AO, Sesay AK, Abias AG, Elzagheid AI, Lagare A, Kemi AS, Abar AE, Johnson AA, Fowotade A, Oluwapelumi AO, Amuri AA, Juru A, Kandeil A, Mostafa A, Rebai A, Sayed A, Kazeem A, Balde A, Christoffels A, Trotter AJ, Campbell A, Keita AK, Kone A, Bouzid A, Souissi A, Agweyu A, Naguib A, Gutierrez AV, Nkeshimana A, Page AJ, Yadouleton A, Vinze A, Happi AN, Chouikha A, Iranzadeh A, Maharaj A, Batchi-Bouyou AL, Ismail A, Sylverken AA, Goba A, Femi A, Sijuwola AE, Marycelin B, Salako BL, Oderinde BS, Bolajoko B, Diarra B, Herring BL, Tsofa B, Lekana-Douki B, Mvula B, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Marondera BT, Khaireh BA, Kouriba B, Adu B, Pool B, McInnis B, Brook C, Williamson C, Nduwimana C, Anscombe C, Pratt CB, Scheepers C, Akoua-Koffi CG, Agoti CN, Mapanguy CM, Loucoubar C, Onwuamah CK, Ihekweazu C, Malaka CN, Peyrefitte C, Grace C, Omoruyi CE, Rafaï CD, Morang'a CM, Erameh C, Lule DB, Bridges DJ, Mukadi-Bamuleka D, Park D, Rasmussen DA, Baker D, Nokes DJ, Ssemwanga D, Tshiabuila D, Amuzu DSY, Goedhals D, Grant DS, Omuoyo DO, Maruapula D, Wanjohi DW, Foster-Nyarko E, Lusamaki EK, Simulundu E, Ong'era EM, Ngabana EN, Abworo EO, Otieno E, Shumba E, Barasa E, Ahmed EB, Ahmed EA, Lokilo E, Mukantwari E, Philomena E, Belarbi E, Simon-Loriere E, Anoh EA, Manuel E, Leendertz F, Taweh FM, Wasfi F, Abdelmoula F, Takawira FT, Derrar F, Ajogbasile FV, Treurnicht F, Onikepe F, Ntoumi F, Muyembe FM, Ragomzingba FEZ, Dratibi FA, Iyanu FA, Mbunsu GK, Thilliez G, Kay GL, Akpede GO, van Zyl GU, Awandare GA, Kpeli GS, Schubert G, Maphalala GP, Ranaivoson HC, Omunakwe HE, Onywera H, Abe H, Karray H, Nansumba H, Triki H, Kadjo HAA, Elgahzaly H, Gumbo H, Mathieu H, Kavunga-Membo H, Smeti I, Olawoye IB, Adetifa IMO, Odia I, Ben Boubaker IB, Muhammad IA, Ssewanyana I, Wurie I, Konstantinus IS, Halatoko JWA, Ayei J, Sonoo J, Makangara JC, Tamfum JM, Heraud JM, Shaffer JG, Giandhari J, Musyoki J, Nkurunziza J, Uwanibe JN, Bhiman JN, Yasuda J, Morais J, Kiconco J, Sandi JD, Huddleston J, Odoom JK, Morobe JM, Gyapong JO, Kayiwa JT, Okolie JC, Xavier JS, Gyamfi J, Wamala JF, Bonney JHK, Nyandwi J, Everatt J, Nakaseegu J, Ngoi JM, Namulondo J, Oguzie JU, Andeko JC, Lutwama JJ, Mogga JJH, O'Grady J, Siddle KJ, Victoir K, Adeyemi KT, Tumedi KA, Carvalho KS, Mohammed KS, Dellagi K, Musonda KG, Duedu KO, Fki-Berrajah L, Singh L, Kepler LM, Biscornet L, de Oliveira Martins L, Chabuka L, Olubayo L, Ojok LD, Deng LL, Ochola-Oyier LI, Tyers L, Mine M, Ramuth M, Mastouri M, ElHefnawi M, Mbanne M, Matsheka MI, Kebabonye M, Diop M, Momoh M, Lima Mendonça MDL, Venter M, Paye MF, Faye M, Nyaga MM, Mareka M, Damaris MM, Mburu MW, Mpina MG, Owusu M, Wiley MR, Tatfeng MY, Ayekaba MO, Abouelhoda M, Beloufa MA, Seadawy MG, Khalifa MK, Matobo MM, Kane M, Salou M, Mbulawa MB, Mwenda M, Allam M, Phan MVT, Abid N, Rujeni N, Abuzaid N, Ismael N, Elguindy N, Top NM, Dia N, Mabunda N, Hsiao NY, Silochi NB, Francisco NM, Saasa N, Bbosa N, Murunga N, Gumede N, Wolter N, Sitharam N, Ndodo N, Ajayi NA, Tordo N, Mbhele N, Razanajatovo NH, Iguosadolo N, Mba N, Kingsley OC, Sylvanus O, Femi O, Adewumi OM, Testimony O, Ogunsanya OA, Fakayode O, Ogah OE, Oludayo OE, Faye O, Smith-Lawrence P, Ondoa P, Combe P, Nabisubi P, Semanda P, Oluniyi PE, Arnaldo P, Quashie PK, Okokhere PO, Bejon P, Dussart P, Bester PA, Mbala PK, Kaleebu P, Abechi P, El-Shesheny R, Joseph R, Aziz RK, Essomba RG, Ayivor-Djanie R, Njouom R, Phillips RO, Gorman R, Kingsley RA, Neto Rodrigues RMDESA, Audu RA, Carr RAA, Gargouri S, Masmoudi S, Bootsma S, Sankhe S, Mohamed SI, Femi S, Mhalla S, Hosch S, Kassim SK, Metha S, Trabelsi S, Agwa SH, Mwangi SW, Doumbia S, Makiala-Mandanda S, Aryeetey S, Ahmed SS, Ahmed SM, Elhamoumi S, Moyo S, Lutucuta S, Gaseitsiwe S, Jalloh S, Andriamandimby SF, Oguntope S, Grayo S, Lekana-Douki S, Prosolek S, Ouangraoua S, van Wyk S, Schaffner SF, Kanyerezi S, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Rudder S, Pillay S, Nabadda S, Behillil S, Budiaki SL, van der Werf S, Mashe T, Mohale T, Le-Viet T, Velavan TP, Schindler T, Maponga TG, Bedford T, Anyaneji UJ, Chinedu U, Ramphal U, George UE, Enouf V, Nene V, Gorova V, Roshdy WH, Karim WA, Ampofo WK, Preiser W, Choga WT, Ahmed YA, Ramphal Y, Bediako Y, Naidoo Y, Butera Y, de Laurent ZR, Ouma AEO, von Gottberg A, Githinji G, Moeti M, Tomori O, Sabeti PC, Sall AA, Oyola SO, Tebeje YK, Tessema SK, de Oliveira T, Happi C, Lessells R, Nkengasong J, and Wilkinson E

Subjects
Africa epidemiology, Genomics, Humans, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 virology, Epidemiological Monitoring, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
Abstract

Investment in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing in Africa over the past year has led to a major increase in the number of sequences that have been generated and used to track the pandemic on the continent, a number that now exceeds 100,000 genomes. Our results show an increase in the number of African countries that are able to sequence domestically and highlight that local sequencing enables faster turnaround times and more-regular routine surveillance. Despite limitations of low testing proportions, findings from this genomic surveillance study underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic and illuminate the distinct dispersal dynamics of variants of concern-particularly Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron-on the continent. Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve while the continent faces many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century.

Published
2022
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92. Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reveals local viral evolution in Ghana.

Author

Ngoi JM, Quashie PK, Morang'a CM, Bonney JH, Amuzu DS, Kumordjie S, Asante IA, Bonney EY, Eshun M, Boatemaa L, Magnusen V, Kotey EN, Ndam NT, Tei-Maya F, Arjarquah AK, Obodai E, Otchere ID, Bediako Y, Mutungi JK, Amenga-Etego LN, Odoom JK, Anang AK, Kyei GB, Adu B, Ampofo WK, and Awandare GA

Subjects
COVID-19 epidemiology, Ghana epidemiology, Humans, SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Viral, Phylogeny, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
Abstract

The confirmed case fatality rate for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Ghana has dropped from a peak of 2% in March to be consistently below 1% since May 2020. Globally, case fatality rates have been linked to the strains/clades of circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within a specific country. Here we present 46 whole genomes of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Ghana, from two separate sequencing batches: 15 isolates from the early epidemic (March 12-April 1 2020) and 31 from later time-points ( 25-27 May 2020). Sequencing was carried out on an Illumina MiSeq system following an amplicon-based enrichment for SARS-CoV-2 cDNA. After genome assembly and quality control processes, phylogenetic analysis showed that the first batch of 15 genomes clustered into five clades: 19A, 19B, 20A, 20B, and 20C, whereas the second batch of 31 genomes clustered to only three clades 19B, 20A, and 20B. The imported cases (6/46) mapped to circulating viruses in their countries of origin, namely, India, Hungary, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. All genomes mapped to the original Wuhan strain with high similarity (99.5-99.8%). All imported strains mapped to the European superclade A, whereas 5/9 locally infected individuals harbored the B4 clade, from the East Asian superclade B. Ghana appears to have 19B and 20B as the two largest circulating clades based on our sequence analyses. In line with global reports, the D614G linked viruses seem to be predominating. Comparison of Ghanaian SARS-CoV-2 genomes with global genomes indicates that Ghanaian strains have not diverged significantly from circulating strains commonly imported into Africa. The low level of diversity in our genomes may indicate lower levels of transmission, even for D614G viruses, which is consistent with the relatively low levels of infection reported in Ghana.

Published
2021
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93. Fc γ receptor IIIB (FcγRIIIB) polymorphisms are associated with clinical malaria in Ghanaian children.

Author

Adu B, Dodoo D, Adukpo S, Hedley PL, Arthur FK, Gerds TA, Larsen SO, Christiansen M, and Theisen M

Subjects
Alleles, Child, Child, Preschool, Exons genetics, Female, GPI-Linked Proteins genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Ghana, Humans, Infant, Male, Malaria genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic genetics, Receptors, IgG genetics
Abstract

Plasmodium falciparum malaria kills nearly a million people annually. Over 90% of these deaths occur in children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. A neutrophil mediated mechanism, the antibody dependent respiratory burst (ADRB), was recently shown to correlate with protection from clinical malaria. Human neutrophils constitutively express Fc gamma receptor-FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIB by which they interact with immunoglobulin (Ig) G (IgG)-subclass antibodies. Polymorphisms in exon 4 of FCGR2A and exon 3 of FCGR3B genes encoding FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIB respectively have been described to alter the affinities of both receptors for IgG. Here, associations between specific polymorphisms, encoding FcγRIIA p.H166R and FcγRIIIB-NA1/NA2/SH variants with clinical malaria were investigated in a longitudinal malaria cohort study. FcγRIIA-p.166H/R was genotyped by gene specific polymerase chain reaction followed by allele specific restriction enzyme digestion. FCGR3B-exon 3 was sequenced in 585 children, aged 1 to 12 years living in a malaria endemic region of Ghana. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found no association between FcγRIIA-166H/R polymorphism and clinical malaria. The A-allele of FCGR3B-c.233C>A (rs5030738) was significantly associated with protection from clinical malaria under two out of three genetic models (additive: p=0.0061; recessive: p=0.097; dominant: p=0.0076) of inheritance. The FcγRIIIB-SH allotype (CTGAAA) containing the 233A-allele (in bold) was associated with protection from malaria (p=0.049). The FcγRIIIB-NA2*03 allotype (CTGCGA), a variant of the classical FcγRIIIB-NA2 (CTGCAA) was associated with susceptibility to clinical malaria (p=0.0092). The present study is the first to report an association between a variant of FcγRIIIB-NA2 and susceptibility to clinical malaria and provides justification for further functional characterization of variants of the classical FcγRIIIB allotypes. This would be crucial to the improvement of neutrophil mediated functional assays such as the ADRB assay aimed at assessing the functionality of antibodies induced by candidate malaria vaccines.

Published
2012
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