57 results on '"Agarwal, Aarti"'
Search Results
52. Emergence from anaesthesia in supine versus prone position in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery
- Author
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Srivastava, Shashi, primary, Goyal, Puneet, additional, Agarwal, Aarti, additional, and Singh, RK, additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. Anesthetic challenges of extrinsic trachea-bronchial compression due to posterior mediastinal mass: Our experience with a large esophageal mucocele.
- Author
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Tewari, Saipriya, Goyal, Puneet, Rastogi, Amit, Agarwal, Aarti, and Singh, P. K.
- Subjects
ESOPHAGEAL fistula ,AIRWAY (Anatomy) ,MEDIASTINAL tumors ,ANESTHESIA ,FIBER optics - Abstract
Large posterior mediastinal masses may lead threatening complications such as critical tracheobronchial compression. Airway management in these individuals is a challenge and being a lower airway obstruction; rescue strategies are limited. We encountered one such case of a large esophageal mucocele causing extrinsic tracheobronchial compression. We have described the anesthetic management of this case using awake fiber-optic assessment followed by intubation. Close communication with the surgical team, meticulous planning of airway management, and early drainage of the mucocele are the cornerstones of management in such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. Hemoglobin C associated with protection from severe malaria in the Dogon of Mali, a West African population with a low prevalence of hemoglobin S
- Author
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Agarwal, Aarti, primary, Guindo, Aldiouma, additional, Cissoko, Yacouba, additional, Taylor, James G., additional, Coulibaly, Drissa, additional, Koné, Abdoulaye, additional, Kayentao, Kassoum, additional, Djimde, Abdoulaye, additional, Plowe, Christopher V., additional, Doumbo, Ogobara, additional, Wellems, Thomas E., additional, and Diallo, Dapa, additional
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. Use of Query Control and Location for Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
- Author
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Agarwal, Aarti Subhash
- Subjects
- Computer Science, Ad Hoc Networks, Routing, Dead Reckoning Model, Location based routing
- Abstract
A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. As the nodes are mobile, the network topology is dynamic leading to frequent unpredictable connectivity changes. It is critical to route packets to destinations effectively without generating excessive overhead. This presents a challenging issue for protocol design since the protocol must adapt to frequently changing network topologies in a way that is transparent to the end user. A class of routing protocols called on-demand protocols has received a lot of interest because of their low routing overhead. In this thesis, we study techniques that can reduce this routing overhead even further. The on-demand protocols depend on query floods to discover routes whenever a new route is needed. Network-wide floods incur substantial overhead. Techniques have been proposed to contain the flood in a limited region where a route to the destination is highly likely to be found. Techniques have also been proposed to reduce redundant broadcasts. We propose various mechanisms to improve on these existing techniques. We propose adaptive mechanisms that utilize prior routing histories, mobility pattern and network load to choose the area in which the query flood should be contained. In addition, we propose a technique that utilizes the neighborhood information to reduce or eliminate redundant broadcasts. We evaluate their performances in isolation and in tandem. In the next part of the thesis, we turn our attention to use of location information for routing. In has been shown in prior work that availability of location information can substantially reduce routing overheads. However, equipping all mobile nodes with GPS or other positioning system is not a cost effective proposition. We develop and evaluate a localization technique that can localize mobile nodes even when only a fraction of nodes in the network has direct access to location information. The rest of the nodes localize themselves by hearing radio beacons emitted from the nodes that have access to direct location information. We evaluate the localization accuracy using our technique via simulations. We show that the accuracy is better than the radio range even when only about 10% of the network nodes have direct access to location information. To be useful for routing, each node in the network must learn the location of every other node. However, disseminating this information sufficiently frequently can incur large overhead. To counter this, we develop a mobility prediction and location tracking model based on the dead-reckoning navigation technique. Here, both current location and movement model of mobile nodes are disseminated via flooding. Every other node is now able to track the movement with some accuracy until the movement model changes bstantially. We use this technique along with a geographic routing protocol to solve the unicast routing problem in ad hoc networks. Simulation studies show that it performs better than well-known on-demand routing protocols.
- Published
- 2002
56. Differences in Functional and Survival Outcomes Between Patients Receiving Primary Surgery vs Chemoradiation Therapy for Treatment of T1-T2 Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
- Author
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Amin DR, Philips R, Bertoni DG, Mastrolonardo EV, Campbell DJ, Agarwal AM, Tekumalla S, Urdang ZD, Luginbuhl AJ, Cognetti DM, and Curry JM
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Aged, Female, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Cohort Studies, Treatment Outcome, Oropharyngeal Neoplasms, Deglutition Disorders etiology, Robotic Surgical Procedures, Head and Neck Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
Importance: Due to lack of data from high-powered randomized clinical trials, the differences in functional and survival outcomes for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) undergoing primary transoral robotic surgery (TORS) vs primary radiation therapy and/or chemoradiation therapy (RT/CRT) are unclear., Objectives: To compare 5-year functional (dysphagia, tracheostomy dependence, and gastrostomy tube dependence) and survivorship outcomes in patients with T1-T2 OPSCC receiving primary TORS vs RT/CRT., Design, Setting, and Population: This national multicenter cohort study used data from a global health network (TriNetX) to identify differences in functional and survival outcomes among patients with OPSCC who underwent primary TORS or RT/CRT in 2002 to 2022. After propensity matching, 726 patients with OPSCC met inclusion criteria. In the TORS group, 363 (50%) patients had undergone primary surgery, and in the RT/CRT group, 363 (50%) patients had received primary RT/CRT. Data analyses were performed from December 2022 to January 2023 using the TriNetX platform., Exposure: Primary surgery with TORS or primary treatment with radiation therapy and/or chemoradiation therapy., Main Outcomes and Measures: Propensity score matching was used to balance the 2 groups. Functional outcomes were measured at 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, and more than 5 years posttreatment and included dysphagia, gastrostomy tube dependence, and tracheostomy dependence according to standard medical codes. Five-year overall survivorship was compared between patients undergoing primary TORS vs RT/CRT., Results: Propensity score matching allowed a study sample with 2 cohorts comprising statistically similar parameters with 363 (50%) patients in each. Patients in the TORS cohort had a mean (SD) age of 68.5 (9.9) vs 68.8 (9.7) years in RT/CRT cohort; 86% and 88% were White individuals, respectively; 79% of patients were men in both cohorts. Primary TORS was associated with clinically meaningful increased risk of dysphagia at 6 months (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.01-1.84) and 1 year posttreatment (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.22-2.39) compared with primary RT/CRT. Patients receiving surgery were less likely to be gastrostomy tube dependent at 6 months (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-1.00) and 5 years posttreatment (risk difference, -0.05; 95% CI, -0.07 to -0.02). Differences in overall rates of tracheostomy dependence (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.51-1.82) between groups were not clinically meaningful. Patients with OPSCC, unmatched for cancer stage or human papillomavirus status, who received RT/CRT had worse 5-year overall survival than those who underwent primary surgery (70.2% vs 58.4%; hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.40-0.79)., Conclusions and Relevance: This national multicenter cohort study of patients undergoing primary TORS vs primary RT/CRT for T1-T2 OPSCC found that primary TORS was associated with a clinically meaningful increased risk of short-term dysphagia. Patients treated with primary RT/CRT had an increased risk of short- and long-term gastrostomy tube dependence and worse 5-year overall survival than those who underwent surgery.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
57. Identification of Various Perioperative Risk Factors Responsible for Development of Postoperative Hypoxaemia.
- Author
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Kaushal A, Goyal P, Dhiraaj S, Agarwal A, and Singh PK
- Abstract
Objective: Identification of risk factors that might be responsible for postoperative hypoxaemia, in view of changing profile of surgical patients and better but more complex perioperative care nowadays., Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study that included patients aged 18-65 years, who underwent elective surgery and required general anaesthesia. Oxygen saturation was monitored before the induction in operating room and continued 72 hours post-surgery. Patients were maintained on room air if SpO
2 remained >94%. If SpO2 was between 90% and 94%, then patients were provided oxygen therapy via face mask (flow rate at 5-6 litre min-1 ). If SpO2 was between 89%-85% despite oxygen therapy with face mask, the Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) was applied. If SpO2 was <85% despite therapy with face mask, or if patient was unable to maintain SpO2 >90% on BiPAP, then patient was intubated, and ventilatory support was provided., Results: Out of 452 patients, 61 developed SpO2 ≤94% requiring oxygen therapy (13.5%). Oxygen therapy by face mask was required in 51 patients, BiPAP in 8 and ventilatory support with endotracheal intubation in 2. Age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, presence of preoperative respiratory disease, SPO2 (on room air) at baseline and immediately after the transfer to the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) were independently associated with postoperative oxygen therapy., Conclusion: The risk of postoperative hypoxaemia was highest in patients aged 51-65 years, BMI higher than 30, current and former smokers, pre-existing respiratory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, patients with 96% oxygen saturation or less at baseline or after shifting to PACU. The type of surgical incision, duration of surgery and dose of opioids administered were not independent risk factors., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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