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Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs), formerly known as midgut carcinoids, are rare and slow-growing neoplasms. Frequent loss of one copy of chromosome 18 in primary tumors and metastases has been observed. The aim of the study was to investigate a possible role of TCEB3C (Elongin A3), currently the only imprinted gene on chromosome 18, as a tumor suppressor gene in SI-NETs, and whether its expression is epigenetically regulated. Primary tumors, metastases, the human SI-NET cell line CNDT2.5, and two other cell lines were included. Immunohistochemistry, gene copy number determination by PCR, colony formation assay, western blotting, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, RNA interference, and quantitative CpG methylation analysis by pyrosequencing were performed. A large majority of tumors (33/43) showed very low to undetectable Elongin A3 expression and as expected 89% (40/45) displayed one gene copy of TCEB3C. The DNA hypomethylating agent 5-aza-20-deoxycytidine induced TCEB3C expression in CNDT2.5 cells, in primary SI-NET cells prepared directly after surgery, but not in two other cell lines. Also siRNA to DNMT1 and treatment with the general histone methyltransferase inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A induced TCEB3C expression in a cell type-specific way. CpG methylation at the TCEB3C promoter was observed in all analyzed tissues and thus not related to expression. Overexpression of TCEB3C resulted in a 50% decrease in clonogenic survival of CNDT2.5 cells, but not of control cells. The results support a putative role of TCEB3C as a tumor suppressor gene in SI-NETs. Epigenetic repression of TCEB3C seems to be tumor cell type-specific and involves both DNA and histone methylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) alone and in combination with enrofloxacin for the treatment of sub-clinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes. Out of 152 lactating buffaloes, 45 suffering from sub-clinical mastitis were selected on the basis of positive Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). These buffaloes were randomly divided into five equal groups (A-E). Buffaloes of group A were supplemented with ZnS04 @ 1 g per animal per day, Group B CuS04 @ 1 g per animal per day for 14 days. Group C was injected with enrofloxacin @ 2.5 mg/kg B.W through intramuscular route for 5 consecutive days. Buffaloes of group D were administered with intramuscular injection of enrofloxacin @ 2.5 mg/kg B.W for five consecutive days along with the supplementation of ZnS04 (1 g per day) and CuS04 (1 g per day) for 14 days. Group E was kept as untreated control. Milk and blood samples were collected at day 0, 7 and 14 post treatment for various tests like somatic cell count (SCC), SFMT based and bacteriological based cure rates, total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte percentage, serum zinc and copper concentration. The SCC in milk decreased significantly (PO.Ol) in combined therapy group D at day 14 post treatment. Serum zinc and copper concentrations increased significantly (PO.Ol) in supplemented groups at day 7 and 14 post treatment. TLC and lymphocytes percentage was significantly higher (P<0.0l) in combined therapy at day 7 and 14 post treatment. Percent cure rate on the basis of SFMT and bacteriological based cure rate was higher in group D. Milk yield of affected quarter was improved significantly (P<0.0l) in the group D and other groups showed non-significant (P>0.05) improvement at day 14 post treatment. It may be concluded that the combined therapy was better than alone therapy of zinc sulphate, copper sulphate and enrofloxacin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amounts of wind power generation have an impact not only on energy markets but also on wholesale and retail market designs. Simultaneously, technological issues arise as a result of the need to ensure the smooth operation of the power grid. In the long run, high-quality wind data series are required to generate model results that lead to robust policy advice. Several techniques are commonly used to forecast short-term, nonstationary, and nonlinear wind speeds. These techniques are lacking in model optimization and data processing abilities. This lack of expertise is posing a significant challenge for reliable and stable wind power forecasting. Furthermore, the medium and long-term forecasting criteria for models (e.g., robustness, accuracy, speed) are higher, making it difficult to obtain reliable results. This study used the extended deep sequence-to-sequence long short-term memory regression (STSR-LSTM) model for time-series wind power forecasting to overcome these challenges for accurate forecasting decisions. The statistical-learning technique is used to improve the dependability of the derived features as well as the expected performance. Three different locations/sites were used and analyzed (e.g., Belgian, DSO-Connected, Elia), three different forecasting classes (e.g., week-ahead forecast, day-ahead forecast, and most recent forecast), three different seasons (e.g., monthly, seasonal, and annual), and three experimental setups. The performance of Deep STSR-LSTM is validated using two existing models and four performance evaluation indexes. Despite the fact that the input wind power load curve had a lot of variation, we were able to achieve higher forecast accuracy. Using different sites and classes, similar forecast accuracy was achieved for each season (e.g., monthly, seasonal, and annual). • Application of wind power forecasting based on extended deep sequence-to-sequence long short-term memory is proposed. • The statistical-learning is used to enhance the reliability and the expected performance of wind forecasting. • 3 different locations/sites, 3 different forecasting classes, 3 different seasons, and 3 experimental setups were proposed. • This study is validated with two existing models and four performance evaluation indexes. • Similar wind forecast accuracy was achieved for each season (e.g., monthly, seasonal, and annual). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Baicalein, a bioflavone present in the dry roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is known to reduce eotaxin production in human fibroblasts. However, there are no reports of its anti-asthma activity or its effect on airway injury. Methodology/Principal Findings: In a standard experimental asthma model, male Balb/c mice that were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), treated with baicalein (10 mg/kg, ip) or a vehicle control, either during (preventive use) or after OVA challenge (therapeutic use). In an alternate model, baicalein was administered to male Balb/c mice which were given either IL-4 or IL-13 intranasally. Features of asthma were determined by estimating airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), histopathological changes and biochemical assays of key inflammatory molecules. Airway injury was determined with apoptotic assays, transmission electron microscopy and assessing key mitochondrial functions. Baicalein treatment reduced AHR and inflammation in both experimental models. TGF-β1, sub-epithelial fibrosis and goblet cell metaplasia, were also reduced. Furthermore, baicalein treatment significantly reduced 12/15-LOX activity, features of mitochondrial dysfunctions, and apoptosis of bronchial epithelia. Conclusion/Significance: Our findings demonstrate that baicalein can attenuate important features of asthma, possibly through the reduction of airway injury and restoration of mitochondrial function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shelf life of tomato is limited due to its perishable nature. The fruit is highly susceptible to fungal attack such as Fusarium oxysporum. The edible coating has been used to enhance the postharvest life of different food products. The present study was designed for the development of edible antifungal coating on tomato fruit using pomegranate peel extract in combination with chitosan. Pomegranate peel extract was obtained from pomegranate peel using water distillation method. The antifungal coating was prepared with different concentrations of pomegranate peel extract (To, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 for 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%) respectively. Coated tomatoes were subjected to physicochemical, microbial, and sensory analysis during storage. The firmness and lycopene content were decreased during storage. However, the coated tomatoes have more firmness and lycopene content than uncoated tomatoes. Maximum weight loss was observed for To (6.22 ± 0.07%) after 21 days. Lycopene content of coated tomato were improved during storage as compare with uncoated samples. Maximum total plate count was observed for To (6.11 ± 0.07 CFU/g) and minimum was observed for T5 (2.11 ± 0.08 CFU/g). All the treatments were significantly effective to control total plate count and mold count in comparison with the control. The coating materials did not affect the sensory profile of tomatoes. Pomegranate peel extract was proved effective antimicrobial coating material for tomatoes. The study will pave way for the researchers to use coating material for fruits based on the fruit waste. Practical applications: Fruit waste‐based edible coating can prevent postharvest losses in fruits and vegetables. Pomegranate peel extract and chitosan have shown potential to reduce postharvest losses in tomatoes. PPE‐based coating has antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum. The edible coating can help to reduce qualitative and safety issues in tomatoes during storage. It may be used as a replacement of synthetic preservatives in tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We investigate the particle size dependence of the relaxivity of hydrogen protons in an aqueous solution of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles coated in silica for biocompatibility. The T 1 and T 2 relaxation times for various concentrations of silica-coated nanoparticles were determined by a magnetic resonance scanner. We find that the relaxivity increased linearly with increasing particle size. The T 2 relaxivity (R 2) is more than 50 times larger than the T 1 relaxivity (R 1) for the nanoparticle contrast agent, which reflects the fact that the T 2 relaxation is mainly influenced by outer sphere processes. The high R 2/R 1 ratio demonstrates that silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles may serve as a T 2 contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging with high efficacy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by increased airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and airway remodeling including collagen deposition in subepithelial regions. We have shown earlier that mepacrine has anti-inflammatory activity and decreased the features of airway remodeling in a subacute model of asthma, when administered during the inflammatory phase. But it was not clear whether the reduction of airway remodeling by mepacrine was a direct effect or indirectly related to the reduction in the airway inflammation. In this study, we determined the effect of mepacrine on airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a chronic model of asthma which showed the features of airway inflammation in the initial stage (inflammation predominant stage) and airway remodeling with mild airway inflammation in a later stage (remodeling predominant stage). Mepacrine was administered only in the later stage that more accurately simulates human asthma, where airway remodeling already exists at the time of diagnosis. The remodeling predominant stage was associated with high levels of Th2 cytokines like IL-4 and IL-13, increase in the levels of profibrotic mediators such as arginase and TGF-β, and increased collagen deposition. These were efficiently attenuated by mepacrine treatment and led to a significant reduction in AHR. Thus, we conclude from this study that mepacrine has direct effects on established airway remodeling independent of its anti-inflammatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes and morbidities of laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) and open appendicectomy (OA) in patients with acute appendicitis. Design: Interventional study. Setting: The study was conducted at Madina Teaching Hospital, University Medical & Dental College, Faisalabad. Period: From June 2007 to August 2009. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of two hundred patients suffering from acute appendicitis. One hundred patients underwent LA and one hundred patients underwent OA. Comparison was based on operating time, complications, requirements for postoperative analgesia, time until resumption to regular diet, hospital stay, and return to full activity in days. Comparisons were made between continuous variables using Student's t test of the means and were made between proportions using Fischer's exact or chi-square testing where appropriate. Statistical significance was taken to be a p value of .05 or less. Results: Of the hundred patients, five patients (5%) had the procedure converted to open surgery. The rate of infection was significantly lower in patients undergoing LA. The median length of stay was significantly shorter after LA (2 days after LA, 5 days after OA, P < 0.05) than after OA. The operating time was shorter {OA: 25 min (median), LA: 30 min (median), P > .05} in patients undergoing open appendicectomy compared to laparoscopic appendicectomy. Conclusion: LA is associated with increased clinical comfort in terms of fewer wound infections, faster recovery, earlier return to work and improved cosmesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Bronchial epithelial injury is the hall mark of asthma which is a chronic airway inflammatory disease. We have shown the mitochondrial ultrastructural changes and dysfunction in bronchial epithelia of OVA induced mice. Reduced l-arginine bioavailability in asthma leads to increased formation of peroxynitrite which could induce mitochondrial dysfunction. We have also shown that l-arginine administration attenuates experimental asthma and reduces peroxynitrite. In this study, we wanted to determine the effect of l-arginine on mitochondrial dysfunction and airway injury in allergic airway inflammation. To determine this, l-arginine was administered to ovalbumin sensitized and challenged mice during allergen challenges. Mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions were purified from the lung to determine key mitochondrial functions, and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes in bronchial epithelia of first generation bronchi were determined. It was found that l-arginine administration increased mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity, reduced cytosolic cytochrome c, increased lung ATP levels, reduced DNA fragmentation in bronchial epithelia and restored the ultrastructural changes of mitochondria of bronchial epithelia. In addition, l-arginine administration reduced the widening of intercellular spaces between adjacent bronchial epithelia. These findings indicated that l-arginine administration reduced airway injury and restored mitochondrial dysfunction in murine allergic airway inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muslim non-Muslim relations are a major subject of Islamic law and Muslim minorities' jurisprudential debates. Many important issues like citizenship, tolerance, and participation in politics and social services etcetera are closely related to this very subject. Classical treaties of Islamic law deal with its concerned issues under relevant but different headings. Studying these issues in these treaties, under specific topics, though provide deeper insights of the focused area it does not provide a total view of the over all nature of the subject. Moreover one does not find enough guidance from study of these works merely-that were written during the dominance of Islamic world-to solve the problems that the Muslim minorities, especially those living in the West are confronted with today. There is a need to revisit the primary sources of these classical works of Islamic Law, viz. the underlying Texts (Nuşūş) from the Qur'ān and Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him) to build a paradigm to deal with these novel issues. This paper attempts to draw outlines of a comprehensive picture of Muslim non-Muslim relations with the help of most frequently applied Texts in the classical and modern juristic debates on Muslim non-Muslim relations. It attempts to identify these Texts bearing a variety of prescriptions, categorise them and resolving the conflict place them in a way to maintain their mutual harmony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomalous seasons such as low-wind summers and extremely cold winters can seriously disrupt energy reliability and productivity. Better short/medium-term forecasts that provide reliable and strategic planning insights will allow the energy industry to plan for these extremes. In order to efficiently quantify uncertainty, this study proposes a Gaussian stochastic-based machine learning process model (GPR) for short/medium-term energy, solar, and wind (ESW) power forecasts using two different temporal resolutions of data. Four experimental steps (EXMS) were designed. Each EXMS is designed with four distinct fitting and predicting methods, and the GPR model uses seven kernel covariance functions for hyperparameter optimization. Real-time data is used for the forecasting analysis at three different locations. The forecasting results are validated using three existing models. The percent coefficient of variation of C V G P R 1 and C V G P R 2 of EXMS-1 and EXMS-3 for ESW power forecasts is 0.017%, 0.057%, 0.025%, and 0.223%, 0.225%, 0.170%, respectively. Accuracy has shown that the proposed model can predict ESW power simultaneously at two different temporal resolution data. The GPR accuracy with four EXMS methodologies is promising by addressing ESW power forecasts under the GPR framework of significant utilities, independent power producers, and public interest. Predicted intervals and response of the energy, solar, and wind power forecast by GPR model. [Display omitted] • A stochastic-based machine learning model is proposed for energy, solar, and wind power short/mid-term forecasting. • A case study on ISO New England, Huanghe, and Longyuan energy, solar and wind power data is presented. • Four experimental-2 temporal data resolution, and seven kernel functions are used for model hyperparameter optimization. • The proposed model improves the accuracy of energy, solar, and wind power forecasting multi-step ahead at the same time. • The experimental set-up, 1,3, and 4% coefficient of variation (CV) is less than 0.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Experiment using 297 broiler chicks, kept from 1 to 42 days under cyclic heat stress (minimum 29.3°C and maximum 38°C), was conducted to investigate the relative efficacies of three sodium (NaHCO3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4), and potassium (KHCO3, K2CO3, K2SO4) supplements at an identical dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) 250mEq/kg and two chloride supplements (CaCl2 and NH4Cl) at DEB 50mEq/kg. The desired levels of DEB were achieved by substitution of individual mineral supplement at the expense to builder''s sand in the basal starter (DEB 185.6mEq/kg) and finisher (DEB 174mEq/kg) diet containing only salt as a source of Na and Cl. Each diet (one basal and eight experimental) was fed to three experimental units having 11 chicks each. The growth performances in K supplements, except KHCO3, were poorer than those of Na supplements. The NaHCO3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4 and NH4Cl increased body weight gain, feed intake and improved feed to gain ratio than those of K2CO3 and K2SO4 after 42 days of age. These supplements also increased the water intake and resulted in lowered body temperature as well as reduced mortality. Very poor performance in CaCl2 supplement was associated with disturbed calcium:phosphorus and very low blood pH (7.19). Better performance was noted with bicarbonate than that with carbonate and sulfate sources. The KHCO3 accentuate the respiratory alkalosis by increasing blood HCO3 contents (26.09mmol/l) and gave poorer performance than NaHCO3. Blood lymphocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit and electrolyte balance in heat stressed broilers were better improved by NH4Cl, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4 and KHCO3 than those of CaCl2, K2CO3 and K2SO4 supplements. Present findings emphasized the importance of considering metabolisable anions supplemented in association with cations while balancing the dietary electrolyte equations. That is why DEB equation cannot be used to predict the relative benefits of different mineral supplements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A multi-enzyme mixture containing cellulases and hemicellulase activity, produced from Arachniotus sp., a white rot fungus, were applied on sunflower oil meal (SFOM) to degrade its fiber content. SFOM was treated with different concentrations of enzyme solution at variable pH, and incubated at temperatures ranging from 25 to 60°C, for different time periods ranging from 3 to 48 h to determine the maximum increase in metabolizable energy content by saccharification of fiber into sugars through enzymatic degradation. Maximum saccharification of SFOM fiber was obtained at a 1:1 enzyme substrate ratio, pH 4.0 and incubation for 36 h at 40°C. A reduction of 47.27% in crude fiber contents of sunflower oil meal was observed after enzyme treatment at optimized conditions. Enzyme treatment resulted in reduction of 41.53 and 31.87% in acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents, respectively. An increase of 28.09% in nitrogen free extract contents of SFOM was found after enzyme treatment. True metabolizable energy contents of SFOM, after enzyme treatment, were increased from 1898.4 to 2314.9 kCal/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates factors influencing pregnancy rates per artificial insemination (P/AI) and pregnancy loss in Lohi ewes undergoing laparoscopic AI with frozen–thawed semen under sub‐tropical conditions. Data from three experiments comprising ewes (n = 358) of mixed parity (nulliparous; NP and parous; P), various body condition score (BCS) and assigned to long‐term (LTP, 11 days) and short‐term (STP, 5 days) oestrus synchronization regimen across high breeding season (HBS) and low breeding season (LBS) were analysed. Laparoscopic insemination was conducted 54 h post‐sponge removal. Pregnancy diagnosis and loss were evaluated on days 35 and 90 post‐insemination via ultrasonography. Results showed parity significantly influenced P/AI, with nulliparous ewes achieving higher pregnancy ratios than parous ewes (p =.001). BCS significantly influenced P/AI (p <.05), with a quadratic relationship observed between BCS and season (BCS*BCS*Season; p =.07). Progestin treatment did not significantly influence the ratio of pregnant ewes (p =.07). Pregnancy losses were significantly higher during LBS than HBS (p <.05), irrespective of progestin treatment. In conclusion, parity and BCS significantly influenced P/AI, with BCS demonstrating a quadratic association with season. Ewes bred during LBS experienced higher pregnancy losses than HBS, irrespective of progestin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy industry is at a crossroads. Digital technological developments have the potential to change our energy supply, trade, and consumption dramatically. The new digitalization model is powered by the artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The integration of energy supply, demand, and renewable sources into the power grid will be controlled autonomously by smart software that optimizes decision-making and operations. AI will play an integral role in achieving this goal. This study focuses on the use of AI techniques in the energy sector. This study aims to present a realistic baseline that allows researchers and readers to compare their AI efforts, ambitions, new state-of-the-art applications, challenges, and global roles in policymaking. We covered three major aspects, including: i) the use of AI in solar and hydrogen power generation; (ii) the use of AI in supply and demand management control; and (iii) recent advances in AI technology. This study explored how AI techniques outperform traditional models in controllability, big data handling, cyberattack prevention, smart grid, IoT, robotics, energy efficiency optimization, predictive maintenance control, and computational efficiency. Big data, the development of a machine learning model, and AI will play an important role in the future energy market. Our study's findings show that AI is becoming a key enabler of a complex, new and data-related energy industry, providing a key magic tool to increase operational performance and efficiency in an increasingly cut-throat environment. As a result, the energy industry, utilities, power system operators, and independent power producers may need to focus more on AI technologies if they want meaningful results to remain competitive. New competitors, new business strategies, and a more active approach to customers would require informed and flexible regulatory engagement with the associated complexities of customer safety, privacy, and information security. Given the pace of development in information technology, AI and data analysis, regulatory approvals for new services and products in the new Era of digital energy markets can be enforced as quickly and efficiently as possible. Big data and AI applications. Image 1 • The use of AI in the smart energy industry, including power generation, supply and demand is reviewed. • The role of AI in control and design of renewable energy and how it can revolutionize the energy industry is addressed. • Big data explosion, cyberattack prevention, smart grid, IoT, DL and ML improvement are key AI success stories. • History, challenges, strengths, and global trends of existing AI-based techniques are summarized. • AI is entering emerging markets in energy industry; has an impact on sustainable growth as cheap and clean energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immense improvements in sequencing technologies enable producing large amounts of high throughput and cost effective next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. This data needs to be processed efficiently for further downstream analyses. Computing systems need this large amounts of data closer to the processor (with low latency) for fast and efficient processing. However, existing workflows depend heavily on disk storage and access, to process this data incurs huge disk I/O overheads. Previously, due to the cost, volatility and other physical constraints of DRAM memory, it was not feasible to place large amounts of working data sets in memory. However, recent developments in storage-class memory and non-volatile memory technologies have enabled computing systems to place huge data in memory to process it directly from memory to avoid disk I/O bottlenecks. To exploit the benefits of such memory systems efficiently, proper formatted data placement in memory and its high throughput access is necessary by avoiding (de)-serialization and copy overheads in between processes. For this purpose, we use the newly developed Apache Arrow, a cross-language development framework that provides language-independent columnar in-memory data format for efficient in-memory big data analytics. This allows genomics applications developed in different programming languages to communicate in-memory without having to access disk storage and avoiding (de)-serialization and copy overheads. Implementation: We integrate Apache Arrow in-memory based Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) format and its shared memory objects store library in widely used genomics high throughput data processing applications like BWA-MEM, Picard and GATK to allow in-memory communication between these applications. In addition, this also allows us to exploit the cache locality of tabular data and parallel processing capabilities through shared memory objects. Results: Our implementation shows that adopting in-memory SAM representation in genomics high throughput data processing applications results in better system resource utilization, low number of memory accesses due to high cache locality exploitation and parallel scalability due to shared memory objects. Our implementation focuses on the GATK best practices recommended workflows for germline analysis on whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) data sets. We compare a number of existing in-memory data placing and sharing techniques like ramDisk and Unix pipes to show how columnar in-memory data representation outperforms both. We achieve a speedup of 4.85x and 4.76x for WGS and WES data, respectively, in overall execution time of variant calling workflows. Similarly, a speedup of 1.45x and 1.27x for these data sets, respectively, is achieved, as compared to the second fastest workflow. In some individual tools, particularly in sorting, duplicates removal and base quality score recalibration the speedup is even more promising. Availability: The code and scripts used in our experiments are available in both container and repository form at: https://github.com/abs-tudelft/ArrowSAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate energy analyses and forecasts not only impact a nation's energy stability/security and environment but also provide policymakers with a reliable framework for decision-making. The load forecast of buildings and electricity companies for the arrangement of risk/low-cost demand and supply resources that fulfill future government commitments, plans consumer targets, and respond appropriately for stockholders. This study introduces two novels deep supervised machine learning models, including: (i) fit Gaussian Kernel regression model with random feature expansion (RFEM-GKR); and (ii) non-parametric based k-NN (NPK-NNM) models for buildings and the utility companies load demand forecasts with a higher predictive potential, speed, and accuracy. Five-fold cross-validation is used to reduce prediction errors and to improve network generalization. Real-load consumption data from two different locations (utility company and office building) are used to analyze and validate the proposed models. Each location data is further divided into six different feature selection (MFS) states. Each state is composed of various (16, 19, 17, 09, 16, and 13) types of real-time energy consumption and climatic feature variables. The energy consumption behaviors are then analyzed in terms of the feature significance applied with 5 min, 30 min, and 1-h of time-based on short-, and medium-term intervals. Eleven distance metrics used to measure the number of the neighboring object and the number of objective functions of the model network for accuracy. With less computational time, higher precision, and high penetration levels of multiple input feature variables, the method RFEM-GKR is proven superior. Therefore, because of its high accuracy and stability, the proposed model can be a successful tool to predict energy consumption. Image 1 • Two novel RFEM-GKR and NPK-NNM have been proposed for accurate short-and medium-term load forecasting. • Three different 5-min, 30-min and 1-h load forecast intervals were evaluated for two different locations. • The ML models have the ability to handle higher level of uncertainty in the building and load demand data for utilities. • RFEM-GKR shows higher accuracy in the forecasting of short and medium-term load demand. • Concluding results helps users manage energy load planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regioselective [3+3] annulation of alkynyl ketimines with α‐cyano ketones for the synthesis of polysubstituted 4H‐pyran derivatives with a quaternary CF3‐containing center has been realized by using Cu(OAc)2 as the catalyst. The novel strategy tolerates a wide range of α‐CF3 alkynyl ketimines and α‐cyano ketones with both aryl and alkyl substitutents. A preliminary asymmetric synthesis of chiral product 3 has been attempted by using copper and chiral thiourea as the cocatalyst with excellent yields (86‐99 %) and good enantioselectivities (71–78 % ee). Furthermore, product 3 aa could be obtained on a gram‐scale reaction with 75 % yield and 99 % ee after recrystallization. Several products were also transformed readily. Control experiments indicate that the reaction involves a process with a base‐catalyzed or chiral thiourea‐catalyzed Mannich‐type reaction followed by a highly regioselective copper‐catalyzed ring‐closing reaction on the alkynyl moiety in a 6‐endo‐dig fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The proposed electrification design contribute to the improvement of housing scheme electrification for the first time. • Design, planning and impact of urban electrification on individuals and businesses are considered. • The target of this design study is to provide adequate, stable, reliable and economic electrification tool. • The information can be used a design package & create a variety of formats that meet the needs of the intended customer. • The housing scheme design, planning and material cost estimation covered with less than 5% power losses. Global electricity access is a key component of the United States Sustainable Development Goals and recently escalating its global efforts to monitor the electrification development progress. To report these efforts, we present a new housing scheme electrification design, planning and examine the impact of urban electrification on individuals and businesses in the community and explore the theory of resource-based entrepreneurship. The target of this design study is to provide an adequate, stable, reliable and economical electrification design to the prospective consumers of the scheme in an acceptance manner. The scope of this study is to cover the required estimates for the project to install and procure equipment and materials for 11 kV distribution lines, low voltage distribution supply networks and necessary measures for electrification of non-electrified areas, full design of cost estimation and power loss analysis of electric distribution networks. Housing scheme design planners can process the information as a design package and create a variety of formats that can be customized to meet the needs of the customers. For example, cost estimates and the contractor logistics can be used in the pre-design phase of the customer schedule. The electrification design method and conclusion of this work are intended to contribute to the improvement of housing scheme electrification design, and particularly useful for the developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a reliable and robust algorithm for accurate energy demand prediction is indispensable for utility companies for various applications, e.g., power dispatching, market participation and infrastructure planning. However, this is challenging because the performance of a forecasting algorithm may be affected by various factors, such as data quality, geographic diversity, forecast horizon, customer segmentation and the forecast origin. Furthermore, an approach that performs well in one region may fail in other regions, and similarly, a model that forecasts accurately in one horizon may fail to produce an accurate prediction for other horizons. To overcome the above challenges such as rough data quality, different forecasting horizons, different kinds of loads and forecasting for different regions, this study proposes four machine learning/supervised learning models. These models are applied to improve the generalization of the network and reduce forecasting. These models are intended to simplify or demystify terms, complex concepts and data granularity used in energy forecasting. Two different data sites and four forecasting horizons are used to validate the proposed models. The coefficient of variation and mean absolute percentage error are 50% higher as compared with the existing model. The proposed supervised learning models ensure a generalization ability, robustness and high accuracy for building and utilities energy consumption forecasting. The forecasting results help to improve and automate the predictive modeling process while covering the knowledge-gaps between machine learning and conventional forecasting models. Image 1 • This study proposes four supervised learning models for utilities and building energy forecasting. • Given higher accuracy with climate-sensitive and non-climate sensitive input feature variables. • Robustness and generalization capability of energy forecasting methods are established. • The results give valuable insights for proposing the GSD-GPRM, RBDT and BBRT models. • The methods give classification support, data interpretability, higher forecasting speed and less use of memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, megakaryocytes (MK) are known for platelet generation; with their role as regulators of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) only recently being appreciated. While it is generally accepted high ploidy MK produce platelets, we have now identified that the vast majority of platelets are generated from a novel sub-population of MK, large cytoplasmic MK (LCM). When prospectively isolated from mouse marrow and transplanted, LCM readily form platelets in vivo. We have further characterized LCM using flow cytometry, TEM and performed mitochondrial network analysis via confocal microscopy. Importantly, we have identified this MK sub-population to be critical negative regulators of HSC. Using a mouse model with normal MK numbers, but essentially devoid of LCM (LCMKO), we demonstrate pronounced thrombocytopenia and significantly increased HSC pool concurrent with endogenous mobilization. Furthermore, we identified LCM negative regulation of HSC is via thrombopoietin, platelet factor-4 and thrombin-cleaved osteopontin. Thrombocytopenia, the absence of LCM and an increased HSC pool were recapitulated when HSC isolated from LCMKO mice were used to reconstitute hematopoiesis in irradiated mice. In contrast, following a competitive transplant using minimal numbers of WT HSC with HSC from LCMKO mice, WT HSC were capable of recapitulating the LCM population, preventing thrombocytopenia and resulting in a normal HSC pool. Importantly, we provide evidence that LCM is conserved in humans, where we hypothesize they have similar functions. LCM are an important component of the niche, regulating HSC as well as generating platelets; therefore, therapeutic efforts to increase platelet production needs to specifically increase LCM. Furthermore, by understanding how different MK sub-populations regulate HSC, we will better understand the mechanisms governing steady-state hematopoiesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, has few approved targeted therapeutics, and is the most common cause of cancer death in low-resource countries. We characterized 19 cervical and four head and neck cancer cell lines using long-read DNA and RNA sequencing and identified the HPV types, HPV integration sites, chromosomal alterations, and cancer driver mutations. Structural variation analysis revealed telomeric deletions associated with DNA inversions resulting from breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles. BFB is a common mechanism of chromosomal alterations in cancer, and our study applies long-read sequencing to this important chromosomal rearrangement type. Analysis of the inversion sites revealed staggered ends consistent with exonuclease digestion of the DNA after breakage. Some BFB events are complex, involving inter- or intra-chromosomal insertions or rearrangements. None of the BFB breakpoints had telomere sequences added to resolve the dicentric chromosomes, and only one BFB breakpoint showed chromothripsis. Five cell lines have a chromosomal region 11q BFB event, with YAP1-BIRC3-BIRC2 amplification. Indeed, YAP1 amplification is associated with a 10-year-earlier age of diagnosis of cervical cancer and is three times more common in African American women. This suggests that individuals with cervical cancer and YAP1-BIRC3-BIRC2 amplification, especially those of African ancestry, might benefit from targeted therapy. In summary, we uncovered valuable insights into the mechanisms and consequences of BFB cycles in cervical cancer using long-read sequencing. [Display omitted] We used long-read whole-genome sequencing to characterize a panel of cervical cancer cell lines, identifying frequent amplification of the YAP1 oncogene through a telomere-deletion mechanism. YAP1 amplification marks a subset of cervical cancer with early diagnosis and is more common in minority populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few decades, the transmission of data over an unsecure channel has resulted in an increased rate of hacking. The requirement to make multimedia data more secure is increasing day by day. Numerous algorithms have been developed to improve efficiency and robustness in the encryption process. In this article, a novel and secure image encryption algorithm is presented. It is based on a modified chaotic logistic map (CLM) that provides the advantage of taking less computational time to encrypt an input image. The encryption algorithm is based on Shannon's idea of using a substitution–permutation and one-time pad network to achieve ideal secrecy. The CLM is used for substitution and permutation to improve randomness and increase dependency on the encryption key. Various statistical tests are conducted, such as keyspace analysis, complexity analysis, sensitivity analysis, strict avalanche criteria (SAC), histogram analysis, entropy analysis, mean of absolute deviation (MAD) analysis, correlation analysis, contrast analysis and homogeneity, to give a comparative analysis of the proposed algorithm and verify its security. As a result of various statistical tests, it is evident that the proposed algorithm is more efficient and robust as compared to previous ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nadolol is a long-acting non-selective β–adrenergic antagonist that helps treat angina and hypertension. The current study aimed to develop and validate the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) of nadolol in healthy adults, renal-compromised, and pediatric populations. A comprehensive PBPK model was established by utilizing a PK-Sim simulator. After establishing and validating the model in healthy adults, pathophysiological changes i.e., blood flow, hematocrit, and GFR that occur in renal failure were incorporated in the developed model, and the drug exposure was assessed through Box plots. The pediatric model was also developed and evaluated by considering the renal maturation process. The validation of the models was carried out by visual predictive checks, calculating predicted to observed (Rpre/obs) and the average fold error (AFE) of PK parameters i.e., the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0-t), the maximum concentration in plasma (Cmax), and CL (clearance). The presented PBPK model successfully simulates the nadolol PK in healthy adults, renal-impaired, and pediatric populations, as the Rpre/obs values of all PK parameters fall within the acceptable range. The established PBPK model can be useful in nadolol dose optimization in patients with renal failure and children with supraventricular tachycardia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global aquaculture production continues to grow to meet the high demand for fish food by the ever-increasing population worldwide. In particular, the Malaysian aquaculture sector produced approximately 411,781 tonnes of total aquaculture production with an estimated economic value of USD 700 million in 2019. However, this industry in Malaysia faces many challenges that hinder future development, especially in sustaining this industry. This is mainly due to the lack of motivation to meet the sustainability criteria. Therefore, the aquaculture industry is under immense pressure to embrace sustainability measures due to concerns about environmental impacts. Therefore, this article outlines the production and value of common cultivable species in Malaysia for freshwater and brackish water aquaculture and the intensification and development of the aquaculture industry in Malaysia. This review also thoroughly discussed various sustainable challenges such as waste generation, the use of chemicals and drugs, the outbreak of diseases, and others related to the aquaculture industry. In contrast, it also highlighted many opportunities, such as the expansion of extractive species aquaculture, the conversion of aquaculture waste into value-added products, and aquaculture tourism to pursue a sustainable aquaculture industry in Malaysia. Hence, this comprehensive review will positively impact the future development of the aquaculture industry in the global context, particularly in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallo-elements have both pharmacological and toxic effects on plants, animals and humans. These are considered as a major public health issue worldwide. In particular, heavy metals such as silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al) are environmentally widespread, and their relative toxicity can lead to numerous pathologies such as nephropathy, cancers, vascular and skin diseases. The goal of this study was to examine the behavioral effects of Ag and Al salts (i.e. Silver nitrate and Aluminum sulfate) on glutathione (GSH), a potent oxidant in biological mixtures. We also aimed to suggest mechanisms of action of thiolate complexed to these metallo-elements in competitive studies with Ellman's reagent (5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid aka ESSE). By proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, detailed titrations were carried out for these metal thiols interactions in the presence of ESSE in order to elucidate first equilibrium and possible second equilibrium. We found by 1H NMR spectroscopy that GSH binds to Ag and Al, which highlighted possible in-vivo chelation mechanisms of GSH toward these toxic metallo-elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and enormous increase in population are causing food insecurity situation in developing countries like Pakistan. Major food crops are seemed failing to fulfill food requirements hence, it is imperative to search for alternate food sources. Ber could be very handy alternate food crop if its yield and quality is enhanced. Grafting is a widely used technique to improve yield, disease resistance and fruit quality. This work aims to assess the effect of grafting on production, fruit ripening, physical and chemical properties, and nutritional quality of the fruit. Rootstock has a great influence on plant growth and development, including fruit ripening. However, the presence of a cross-interaction between grafting and rootstock is often neglected. To explore cross-interaction between grafting and rootstock on different fruit yield and quality traits, we examined the scion-root interaction of four scion cultivars viz. Delhi White, Suffen, Karela and Mahmud Wali during March-April 2013-14. After the establishment of plant, data were recorded for yield and fruit quality traits during three consecutive years (2016-19). Results showed that Dehli White grafted plants produced maximum yield kg/plant (60.33, 71.43, 78.00) followed by Mehmud Wali, Karela and Suffen scion grafts. Suffen grafted plants produced better quality fruits in terms of total soluble solids (TSS) (14.67, 15.45, 16.56 Brix0), pH and Ascorbate content followed by Karela, Mehmud Wali and Dehli White scion graft. Based on findings of the experiment, it could be recommended that Mahmud Wali and Suffen scions should be used to be propagated on local rootstocks to enhance yield as well as fruit quality that will contribute in ensuring food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and enormous increase in population are causing food insecurity situation in developing countries like Pakistan. Major food crops are seemed failing to fulfill food requirements hence, it is imperative to search for alternate food sources. Ber could be very handy alternate food crop if its yield and quality is enhanced. Grafting is a widely used technique to improve yield, disease resistance and fruit quality. This work aims to assess the effect of grafting on production, fruit ripening, physical and chemical properties, and nutritional quality of the fruit. Rootstock has a great influence on plant growth and development, including fruit ripening. However, the presence of a cross-interaction between grafting and rootstock is often neglected. To explore cross-interaction between grafting and rootstock on different fruit yield and quality traits, we examined the scion-root interaction of four scion cultivars viz. Delhi White, Suffen, Karela and Mahmud Wali during March-April 2013-14. After the establishment of plant, data were recorded for yield and fruit quality traits during three consecutive years (2016-19). Results showed that Dehli White grafted plants produced maximum yield kg/plant (60.33, 71.43, 78.00 ) followed by Mehmud Wali, Karela and Suffen scion grafts. Suffen grafted plants produced better quality fruits in terms of total soluble solids (TSS) (14.67, 15.45, 16.56 Brix0), pH and Ascorbate content followed by Karela, Mehmud Wali and Dehli White scion graft. Based on findings of the experiment, it could be recommended that Mahmud Wali and Suffen scions should be used to be propagated on local rootstocks to enhance yield as well as fruit quality that will contribute in ensuring food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of endophytes in maintaining healthy plant ecosystems and holding promise for agriculture and food security is deeply appreciated. In the current study, we determine the community structure, spatial distribution, chemical diversity, and ecological functions of fungal endophytes of Rosa damascena growing in the North-Western Himalayas. Culture-dependent methods revealed that R. damascena supported a rich endophyte diversity comprising 32 genera and 68 OTUs. The diversity was governed by climate, altitude, and tissue type. Species of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Diaporthe were the core endophytes of the host plant consisting of 48.8% of the endophytes collectively. The predominant pathogen of the host was Alternaria spp., especially A. alternata. GC-MS analyses affirmed the production of diverse arrays of volatile organic compounds (VOC) by individual endophytes. Among the primary rose oil components, Diaporthe melonis RDE257, and Periconia verrucosa RDE85 produced phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) and benzyl alcohol (BA). The endophytes displayed varied levels of plant growth-promoting, colonization, and anti-pathogenic traits. Between the selected endophytes, P. verrucosa and D. melonis significantly potentiated plant growth and the flavonoids and chlorophyll content in the host. The potential of these two endophytes and their metabolites PEA and BA was confirmed on Nicotiana tabacum. The treatments of the metabolites and individual endophytes enhanced the growth parameters in the model plant significantly. The results imply that P. verrucosa and D. melonis are potential plant growth enhancers and their activity may be partially due to the production of PEA and BA. Thus, R. damascena harbors diverse endophytes with potential applications in disease suppression and host growth promotion. Further investigations at the molecular level are warranted to develop green endophytic agents for sustainable cultivation of R. damascena and biocontrol of leaf spot disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buffaloes’ ovaries are small and have lower oocyte reserves, so estrus indication and intensity are subpar. To enhance fertility in buffaloes, CIDR synchronization protocols, along with some antioxidants may improve oestrus cycle functioning. Hence, this study was conducted to examine the estrus response (ER), estrus intensity (EI), pregnancy rates (PR), and embryonic losses in CIDR-synchronized Nili-Ravi buffaloes to understand better the potential benefits of adding agent carrying antioxidant activity like Dalmavital through reducing oxidative stress. Experimental buffaloes (n=86) with normal reproductive tract and cyclicity were selected and randomly divided into two groups; CIDR group (CIDR-group, n = 43) and CIDR-D (CIDR plus Dalmavital, n = 43). After 6 days of insertion, CIDR was removed, and artificial insemination (AI) was done twice, at forty-eight and sixty hours. Estrus response (ER) did not differ statistically (P≥0.05) between the two groups, but estrus intensity (EI) was significantly higher (P≤0.05) in the CIDR-D group. Moreover, the pregnancy rate was similar (P≥0.05) between the two groups; however, the CIDR-D group showed a relatively higher pregnancy rate (63%) as compared to the CIDR group (56%). Regarding pregnancy losses, both embryonic and foetus losses were not statistically different (P≥0.05) between the two groups. Also, there were non-significant differences (P≥0.05) found when compared between cyclic and non-cyclic, milking and dry animals, and with body condition scoring (BCS) and parity in two treatment groups. When treatment was overlooked, the pregnancy rate in cyclic and non-cyclic animals was substantially different (P≤0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that Dalmavital showed a promising effect on the estrus intensity but the least effect on other fertility parameters in CIDR-synchronized Nili-Ravi buffalo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality and marketing of horticultural crops is affected by the feeding of thrips on plant tissues. Thrips commonly feed upon the gladiolus and different vegetative and floral parts of gladioli are attacked by them. Application of chemical insecticides provides effective control of insect pest in short period of time. The present investigation was carried out on Jasminum sambac against flower thrips for efficacy of insecticides. To conduct this experiment, six insecticides viz., imidacloprid 20Sl, Spinosad 240SC, Spintoram 120SC, Chlophenapyre, Imidacloprid+fipronil and abamectin were applied. Thrips population was observed on jasmine flower before application of insecticides and thrips mortality data was noted after 24, 72 and 168 hours of insecticides spray. The maximum mortality of thrips was recorded in Imidacloprid+fipronil (68.45%) and Spinosad (65.45%) after 24 hours of insecticides spray. The lowest mortality of thrips was counted in abamectin and imidacloprid. Population of thrips was reduced after 72 and 168 hours as compared to 24 hours after insecticides spray. It is concluded from the findings of investigation that the insecticide (Imidacloprid+fipronil) was found effective against the population of thrips after 24, 72 and 168 hours in years, 2021 and 2022, respectively when compared to other insecticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high input feeding system has been found most efficient in fodder-scarce areas of Pakistan. However, the economic worth of the system is questionable due to the high feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the goats. The current study was planned to improve the Beetal male kid's performance using a compensatory growth tool. A total of twelve male Beetal kids with an average weight of 20±2 kg and approximately 6 months old were randomly selected and kept for 85 days including 15 days of an adjustment period. There were two phases of the experiment. During the restriction phase; the animals were divided into three groups i.e. T1=feeding @2% of body weight (BW), T2=feeding @3% of BW, and T3=feeding @4% of BW. In the re-alimentation phase; all the animals were fed ad-libitum. The animals were kept in individual pens and were offered total mixed pelleted ration by following NRC recommended feeding standards. All the animals had free access to fresh and clean water. They were kept under the same husbandry practices. The results showed that ADG was highest (P<0.001) in T3 (887 g/d) followed by T2 and T2 due to higher intake during restriction phase. However, this was reversed in re-alimentation phase where the ADG was highest (P<0.001) in T1 (153 g/d) followed by T2 (112.10 g/d) and T3 (100.08 g/d) mainly due to compensatory growth phenomena. The ADFI data also support the ADG trend as it was higher in the groups showing higher gains. This trend was also followed by body measurements. The FCR was significantly (P=0.014) lower (6.83) in the T1 group during the re-alimentation period followed by T2 and T3. Total feed cost was also significantly (P<0.05) lower in T1 (Rs. 1938). Serum glucose was also higher (P=0.04) in group T1 (63.11 mg/dl) and least in T3 (55.97 mg/dl). This is also confirming the physiological modification in feed restricted animals that are responsible for compensatory growth. It is concluded that the growth performance of Beetal male kids can be improved by giving them restricted feeding @2% BW followed by re-alimentation which also improves the feed efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressively fatal and incurable disease characterized by the loss of alveolar structures, increased epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and aberrant tissue repair. In this study, we investigated the role of Nuclear Factor I-B (NFIB), a transcription factor critical for lung development and maturation, in IPF. Using both human lung tissue samples from patients with IPF, and a mouse model of lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin, we showed that there was a significant reduction of NFIB both in the lungs of patients and mice with IPF. Furthermore, our in vitro experiments using cultured human lung cells demonstrated that the loss of NFIB was associated with the induction of EMT by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Knockdown of NFIB promoted EMT, while overexpression of NFIB suppressed EMT and attenuated the severity of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, we identified post-translational regulation of NFIB by miR-326, a miRNA with anti-fibrotic effects that is diminished in IPF. Specifically, we showed that miR-326 stabilized and increased the expression of NFIB through its 3'UTR target sites for Human antigen R (HuR). Moreover, treatment of mice with either NFIB plasmid or miR-326 reversed airway collagen deposition and fibrosis. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the critical role of NFIB in lung development and maturation, and its reduction in IPF leading to EMT and loss of alveolar structures. Our study highlights the potential of miR-326 as a therapeutic intervention for IPF. The schema shows the role of NFIB in maintaining the normal epithelial cell characteristics in the lungs and how its reduction leads to a shift towards mesenchymal cell-like features and pulmonary fibrosis. A In normal lungs, NFIB is expressed abundantly in the epithelial cells, which helps in maintaining their shape, cell polarity and adhesion molecules. However, when the lungs are exposed to factors that induce pulmonary fibrosis, such as bleomycin, or TGF-β, the epithelial cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which leads to a decrease in NFIB. B The mesenchymal cells that arise from EMT appear as spindle-shaped with loss of cell junctions, increased cell migration, loss of polarity and expression of markers associated with mesenchymal cells/fibroblasts. C We designed a therapeutic approach that involves exogenous administration of NFIB in the form of overexpression plasmid or microRNA-326. This therapeutic approach decreases the mesenchymal cell phenotype and restores the epithelial cell phenotype, thus preventing the development or progression of pulmonary fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the second most common muscular dystrophy in adults, and it is associated with local D4Z4 chromatin relaxation, mostly via the contraction of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat array on chromosome 4q35. In this study, we aimed to investigate the use of Optical Genome Mapping (OGM) as a diagnostic tool for testing FSHD cases from the UK and India and to compare OGM performance with that of traditional techniques such as linear gel (LGE) and Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) Southern blotting (SB). A total of 6 confirmed and 19 suspected FSHD samples were processed with LGE and PFGE, respectively. The same samples were run using a Saphyr Genome-Imaging Instrument (1-color), and the data were analysed using custom EnFocus FSHD analysis. OGM was able to confirm the diagnosis of FSHD1 in all FSHD1 cases positive for SB (n = 17), and D4Z4 sizing highly correlated with PFGE-SB (p < 0.001). OGM correctly identified cases with mosaicism for the repeat array contraction (n = 2) and with a duplication of the D4Z4 repeat array. OGM is a promising new technology able to unravel structural variants in the genome and seems to be a valid tool for diagnosing FSHD1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ostrich farming serves as a source for meat, feathers, skin, eggs, and oil. In general, ostriches are hardy birds that can resist a wide range of climatic harshness and some diseases. However, musculoskeletal and digestive complications, including the gastric impaction, remain the major cause of mortality. The gastrointestinal impaction alone is responsible for 30 – 46% of spontaneous deaths in growing ostriches. The literature review of 21 publications on this subject has shown that 90% of these incidents happen during first six months of life. The aetiology of this problem is mostly stress and behaviour-related gorging of feed and picking on non-feeding materials such as stone, sand, wood pieces, plastic, glass, and metallic objects. Conservative therapy or surgical approaches show good results with almost 70 to 100% recovery depending upon the clinical presentation and timely diagnosis. Overall, this literature review describes impaction in farmed ostriches, along with diagnosis, treatment, and control and preventive measures. This information will help stakeholders understand the gastrointestinal impaction in ratites to better manage this issue, reduce economic losses, and improve welfare of the birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During DNA replication, ubiquitin‐like, containing PHD and RING fingers domains 1 (UHRF1) plays key roles in the inheritance of methylation patterns to daughter strands by recognizing through its SET and RING‐associated domain (SRA) the methylated CpGs and recruiting DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Herein, our goal is to identify UHRF1 inhibitors targeting the 5′‐methylcytosine (5mC) binding pocket of the SRA domain to prevent the recognition and flipping of 5mC and determine the molecular and cellular consequences of this inhibition. For this, we used a multidisciplinary strategy combining virtual screening and molecular modeling with biophysical assays in solution and cells. We identified an anthraquinone compound able to bind to the 5mC binding pocket and inhibit the base‐flipping process in the low micromolar range. We also showed in cells that this hit impaired the UHRF1/DNMT1 interaction and decreased the overall methylation of DNA, highlighting the critical role of base flipping for DNMT1 recruitment and providing the first proof of concept of the druggability of the 5mC binding pocket. The selected anthraquinone appears thus as a key tool to investigate the role of UHRF1 in the inheritance of methylation patterns, as well as a starting point for hit‐to‐lead optimizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study describes the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures doped with metals including Ca, Mg, Mn, Ag and Cu using a co-precipitation method. Methodology: The nanostructures were examined through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) assessment The antibacterial efficacy of these nanostructures was evaluated using a modified disk diffusion Kirby Bauer method. Results: Nanostructures displayed effective antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacterial strains. The most effective nanostructures were found to be those made with Ca-Cefotaxime and Ag-Cefotaxime doped ZnO. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the combination of ZnO and Cefotaxime with different metal ions has an impact on the antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains. To the best of our knowledge, nanoparticles with cefotaxime have not been studied in the literature before. Further studies should investigate the mechanism of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aorto-atrial fistula is a rare complication of prosthetic aortic valve replacement (AVR) and most of them have been diagnosed as a late complication. We present a case of this unusual complication after AVR. Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography identified and diagnosed this rare and potentially disastrous surgical complication and confirmed adequacy of its surgical repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to analyze the association between corporate governance and firm performance. Specifically, it examines the impact of CEO duality on board characteristics and its relationship with firm performance through dynamic penal estimation. Findings of this research are based on a sample of 191 listed non-financial firms over the period 2004-2014. We document that the corporate governance plays a pivotal role in determining the financial performance of firms operating in Pakistan. Consistent with past studies, findings of this research also show some statistical variations among the sampled firms (large and small size). The CEO duality compromises the efficiency of board independence. Further, the non-linear relationship of managerial ownership with performance is also depicted through the results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 266 endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from 1019 tissue segments of Glycyrrhiza glabra collected from four different locations in the North-Western Himalayas. The endophytes grouped into 21 genera and 38 different taxa. The host had strong affinity for the genus Phoma, followed by Fusarium. The species richness was highest at the sub-tropical location, followed by the sub-temperate location and the temperate locations, respectively. The tissue specificity of endophytes was also evident. Some endophytes showed potential antimicrobial activity against phyto-pathogens indicating that they may be helpful to the host in evading pathogens. All the endophytic taxa produced the plant growth promoting hormone, indole acetic acid (IAA), though in varying concentrations. None of these endophytes caused any symptoms of disease in co-cultivation with the tissue cultured plants. Further, all the endophytes had a positive influence on the phenolic and flavonoid content of the host. Three endophytes, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum , Bionectria sp. and Aspergillus terreus also increased the host root (rhizome) and shoot growth visibly. Such endophytes are potential candidates for developing endophyte-based technologies for sustainable cultivation and enhanced productivity of G. glabra. This is the first report of community structure and biological properties of fungal endophytes associated with G. glabra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of Q fever and associated risk factors in institutional dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan. A total 11 dairy farms were investigated from different areas of Punjab province. Out of these farms, a total of 827 animals (cows n=419 and buffaloes n=408) were investigated. Presence of anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies was determined by indirect ELISA. The overall prevalence in dairy animals (cattle and buffaloes) was 6.1% (95% CI: 4.5-7.9). In cattle prevalence was higher (7.6%; 95% CI: 5.3-10.6) than in buffaloes (4.4%; 95% CI: 2.6-6.9). The probability of occurrence of disease in cattle was higher (7.63%; OR=1.9, 95% CI: 0.99-3.25) than in buffalo (1.00%; OR=1.00) The difference in sero-prevalence between the two-dairy species was significant (p=0.052, x² = 3.786). Stratification of Q fever as per the breed of cattle indicated that the sero-prevalence was the highest (13%) in Cholistani followed by Sahiwal (7.5%) and cross bred (2.6%). Animals age between 2.1 to 5 year (OR=2.56, 95% CI 1.05, 6.20), contact with small ruminants (OR=1.43, 95% CI 0.63, 3.25), tick infestations (OR=4.91, 95% CI 2.40, 10.00), dry-dusty environment (OR=1.55, 95% CI 0.54, 4.43), retained fetal membranes (OR=1.68, 95% CI 0.94, 5.73) and abortion history (OR=2.17, 95% CI 0.88, 5.35) were risk factors for the seropositivity of Q fever. The results of the study indicated that Q fever is prevalent in cattle and buffalo managed at institutional dairy farms in Punjab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daily oscillations of pulmonary function depend on the rhythmic activity of the circadian timing system. Environmental tobacco/cigarette smoke (CS) disrupts circadian clock leading to enhanced inflammatory responses. Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) increases hospitalization rates and death in susceptible individuals, including patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We hypothesized that molecular clock disruption is enhanced by IAV infection, altering cellular and lung function, leading to severity in airway disease phenotypes. C57BL/6J mice exposed to chronic CS, BMAL1 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type littermates were infected with IAV. Following infection, we measured diurnal rhythms of clock gene expression in the lung, locomotor activity, pulmonary function, inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and emphysematous responses. Chronic CS exposure combined with IAV infection altered the timing of clock gene expression and reduced locomotor activity in parallel with increased lung inflammation, disrupted rhythms of pulmonary function, and emphysema. BMAL1 KO mice infected with IAV showed pronounced detriments in behavior and survival, and increased lung inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses. This suggests that remodeling of lung clock function following IAV infection alters clock-dependent gene expression and normal rhythms of lung function, enhanced emphysematous and injurious responses. This may have implications for the pathobiology of respiratory virus-induced airway disease severity and exacerbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The titanium dioxide (TiO2) is synthesized by sol-gel method using titanium-tetra-iso-propoxide (TTIP) as a starting material, and deposited on the pre-cleaned glass substrate using spin coating technique at optimized parameters. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirms successful TiO2 growth. The optical properties concerning the transmission and absorption spectra show 85% transparency and 3.28 eV wide optical band gap for indirect transition, calculated from absorbance. The exponential behavior of absorption edge is observed and attributed to the localized states electronic transitions, curtailed in the indirect band gap of the thin film. The film reveals decreasing refractive index with increasing wavelength. The photoluminescence (PL) study ascertains that luminescent properties are due to the surface defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]