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Purpose This study examines the relationships among adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, and two types of adulthood help-seeking behaviors in adulthood-formal and informal. The effects of IPV on formal and informal help-seeking, and the effects of ACEs on IPV and formal and informal help-seeking were assessed. Method: The analytic sample of this study is 591 college students from seven universities in the U.S. and Canada who reported at least one type of ACE and IPV victimization. Results: Results from structural equation modeling show that ACEs were positively associated with IPV victimization. IPV victimization was positively associated with formal and informal help-seeking. ACEs were positively associated with formal but not informal help-seeking. Conclusions: These findings suggest that ACEs influence not only violent experiences in adulthood but also behaviors in relation to seeking help following victimization in adulthood., Author(s): Jisuk Seon [sup.1] , Hyunkag Cho [sup.2] , Jae-Bum Han [sup.3] , Jennifer Allen [sup.2] , Abbie Nelson [sup.2] , Ilan Kwon [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.440959.5, 0000 0001 [...]

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, and three adulthood health outcomes-perceived physical and mental health and depression-among college students. We analyzed the direct effects of a subset of ACEs including community violence, peer victimization, child abuse and neglect, exposure to domestic violence, and other physical and sexual victimization and a subset of IPV victimization including threats, physical, sexual, technological, and psychological violence on health, and the indirect effect of IPV victimization on the relationships between ACEs and health. We analyzed 3,535 college students from seven universities who reported information about major variables of interest. Results: Findings from structural equation modeling indicate that ACEs are positively associated with poorer perceived physical health ([beta] = .37, p < .001), poorer mental health ([beta] = .64, p < .001), and higher levels of depression ([beta] = .40, p < .001). IPV victimization is positively associated with poorer perceived physical health ([beta] = .36, p < .001), poorer mental health ([beta] = .23, p < .001), and higher levels of depression ([beta] = .16, p < .001). In addition, IPV victimization partially mediates the impacts of ACEs on perceived physical health ([beta] = .06, p < .001), mental health ([beta] = .28, p < .001), and depression ([beta] = .10, p < .001). ACEs influenced adulthood health outcomes both physically and mentally via IPV victimization. This study suggests a life-course perspective and trauma-informed approach that incorporates the long-term effect of ACEs and IPV victimization on adulthood well-being., Author(s): Jisuk Seon [sup.1] , Hyunkag Cho [sup.2] , Ga-Young Choi [sup.3] , Esther Son [sup.4] , Jennifer Allen [sup.2] , Abbie Nelson [sup.2] , Ilan Kwon [sup.2] Author Affiliations: [...]

The goal of the US coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination campaign is to substantially reduce the overall burden of COVID-19 by preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infections, reducing virus [...]

Institutions of higher education have faced increasing pressure to comply with federal regulations and reform their response to campus sexual assault. This study explores institutions of higher education employees' perceptions on whether decoupling, or organizational resistance to change, is associated with the number and timing of campus sexual assault reforms adopted. Early captured reforms instituted before the "Dear Colleague Letter" in 2011, mid included reforms instituted after the Dear Colleague Letter in 2011 but before the 2015–2016 academic year and during the period of heightened attention to campus sexual assault, and late which included reforms instituted during or after the 2015–2016 academic year. A web‐based survey of institutions of higher education employees familiar with sexual assault policy implementation on their campuses asked about types of reforms, timing, decoupling, and campus characteristics. Correlations and t‐tests were run to examine the types of reforms across time periods, and regression assessed the degree to which decoupling was associated with the number and timing of reforms. Higher decoupling was associated with fewer reforms in the early period and more in the late period, though not with the overall number of reforms adopted. Findings highlight the importance of understanding factors that influence change on campuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solvation of dissolved transition metal ions in lithium-ion battery electrolytes is not well-characterised experimentally, although it is important for battery degradation mechanisms governed by metal dissolution, deposition, and reactivity in solution. This work identifies the coordinating species in the Mn2+ and Ni2+ solvation spheres in LiPF6/LiTFSI–carbonate electrolyte solutions by examining the electron–nuclear spin interactions, which are probed by pulsed EPR and paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. These techniques investigate solvation in frozen electrolytes and in the liquid state at ambient temperature, respectively, also probing the bound states and dynamics of the complexes involving the ions. Mn2+ and Ni2+ are shown to primarily coordinate to ethylene carbonate (EC) in the first coordination sphere, while PF6− is found primarily in the second coordination sphere, although a degree of contact ion pairing does appear to occur, particularly in electrolytes with low EC concentrations. NMR results suggest that Mn2+ coordinates more strongly to PF6− than to TFSI−, while the opposite is true for Ni2+. This work provides a framework to experimentally determine the coordination spheres of paramagnetic metals in battery electrolyte solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study that utilized a practitioner research approach to professional learning (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 2009) that used student-created digital photo stories combined with focused teacher conversations guided by the NOT-ICE Teacher Discussion Protocol (Author, 2016) to explore why classroom teachers sometimes fail to notice the gifts and talents of emergent bilinguals of Latin@ heritage. Six elementary teachers participated in six small-group, collaborative discussion sessions in which they acted as co-researchers. Findings illuminate the significance of the research design in providing an effective professional learning experience. Highlighted design elements include the importance of using visual media as a springboard for intentional, productive discussions as well as the significance of a purposeful, small-group arrangement that allowed for cross-grade-level collaboration focused on a relevant issue of shared concern. An alternate look at how schools might define data is also offered.

: Background: Data on previous alcohol use in surgical patients who died in the Northern Territory (NT) are lacking and have important public health implications. Methods: The prevalence of previous alcohol (ab)use among surgical patients who died (n=560) was assessed in patients within the Northern Territory and the remainder of Australia (n=28,245) over nine years. Results: The likelihood of previous alcohol use (21.4%; 120 of 560), was the outcome measured and was higher in the Northern Territory than outside it (5.9%; 1,660 of 28,245). Factors associated with the outcome of previous alcohol use were: male gender (aOR 1.6); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status (aOR 2.0); liver disease (aOR 7.8); comorbidities (aOR 2.5); and trauma (aOR 1.1), in both the Northern Territory (aOR 11.5) and all Australia (aOR 7.8). In the Northern Territory, alcohol use was high in both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (31%) and non‐Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (16%) people (p=0.316). Conclusion: Of surgical patients who died, the likelihood of being a previous alcohol user was double in the Northern Territory as opposed to other states. Alcohol misuse is widespread across all groups in the Northern Territory. Implications for public health: Previous alcohol (ab)use is a negative factor for survival in any racial group., Previous alcohol use is among the top five risk factors contributing to the burden of disease in Australia,[sup.1] responsible for 4.6% of the total burden of disease and injury in [...]

Purpose: Open Educational Resources (OER) are learning materials openly licensed so that others may retain, reuse, revise, remix or redistribute (the 5Rs) these materials. This paper aims to raise awareness of OER by providing a rationale for using these learning materials and a strategy for educators to get started with OER during the collective crisis and beyond. Design/methodology/approach: Using a broad research base and anecdotes from personal experience, the authors make the case that OER improves student access to learning materials and improves the learning experience in both PK-12 and higher education contexts. Findings: The authors define and describe the benefits of OER to provide practical suggestions educators can implement during the pandemic and beyond. Practical implications: To support educators in finding and using OER, this paper highlights repositories that include a breadth of various learning materials across subject areas and educational contexts. The authors provide specific suggestions for finding, personalizing and contextualizing OER. Originality/value: This work not only provides an overview of OER with particular considerations for educators during the COVID-19 pandemic but also makes the case that OER should be integrated into classrooms beyond the pandemic.

BackgroundThis paper identifies and describes measures of constructs relevant to the adoption or implementation of innovations (i.e., new policies, programs or practices) at the organizational-level. This work is intended to advance the field of dissemination and implementation research by aiding scientists in the identification of existing measures and highlighting methodological issues that require additional attention.MethodsWe searched for published studies (1973-2013) in 11 bibliographic databases for quantitative, empirical studies that presented outcome data related to adoption and/or implementation of an innovation. Included studies had to assess latent constructs related to the "inner setting" of the organization, as defined by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.ResultsOf the 76 studies included, most (86%) were cross sectional and nearly half (49%) were conducted in health care settings. Nearly half (46%) involved implementation of evidence-based or "best practice" strategies; roughly a quarter (26%) examined use of new technologies. Primary outcomes most often assessed were innovation implementation (57%) and adoption (34%); while 4% of included studies assessed both outcomes. There was wide variability in conceptual and operational definitions of organizational constructs. The two most frequently assessed constructs included "organizational climate" and "readiness for implementation." More than half (55%) of the studies did not articulate an organizational theory or conceptual framework guiding the inquiry; about a third (34%) referenced Diffusion of Innovations theory. Overall, only 46% of articles reported psychometric properties of measures assessing latent organizational characteristics. Of these, 94% (33/35) described reliability and 71% (25/35) reported on validity.ConclusionsThe lack of clarity associated with construct definitions, inconsistent use of theory, absence of standardized reporting criteria for implementation research, and the fact that few measures have demonstrated reliability or validity were among the limitations highlighted in our review. Given these findings, we recommend that increased attention be devoted toward the development or refinement of measures using common psychometric standards. In addition, there is a need for measure development and testing across diverse settings, among diverse population samples, and for a variety of types of innovations.

Mutagenesis in model organisms following exposure to chemicals is used as an indicator of genotoxicity. Mutagenesis assays are also used to study mechanisms of DNA homeostasis. This chapter focuses on detection of mutagenesis in prokaryotes, which boils down to two approaches: reporter inactivation (forward mutation assay) and reversion of an inactivating mutation (reversion mutation assay). Both methods are labor intensive, involving visual screening, quantification of colonies on solid media, or determining a Poisson distribution in liquid culture. Here, we present two reversion reporters for in vivo mutagenesis that produce a quantitative output, and thus have the potential to greatly reduce the amount of test chemical and labor involved in these assays. This output is obtained by coupling a TEM β lactamase-based reversion assay with GFP fluorescence, either by placing the two genes on the same plasmid or by fusing them translationally and interrupting the N-terminus of the chimeric ORF with a stop codon. We also describe a reporter aimed at facilitating the monitoring of continuous mutagenesis in mutator strains. This reporter couples two reversion markers, allowing the temporal separation of mutation events in time, thus providing information about the dynamics of mutagenesis in mutator strains. Here, we describe these reporter systems, provide protocols for use, and demonstrate their key functional features using error-prone Pol I mutagenesis as a source of mutations.

Mutagenesis in model organisms following exposure to chemicals is used as an indicator of genotoxicity. Mutagenesis assays are also used to study mechanisms of DNA homeostasis. This chapter focuses on detection of mutagenesis in prokaryotes, which boils down to two approaches: reporter inactivation (forward mutation assay) and reversion of an inactivating mutation (reversion mutation assay). Both methods are labor intensive, involving visual screening, quantification of colonies on solid media, or determining a Poisson distribution in liquid culture. Here, we present two reversion reporters for in vivo mutagenesis that produce a quantitative output, and thus have the potential to greatly reduce the amount of test chemical and labor involved in these assays. This output is obtained by coupling a TEM β lactamase-based reversion assay with GFP fluorescence, either by placing the two genes on the same plasmid or by fusing them translationally and interrupting the N-terminus of the chimeric ORF with a stop codon. We also describe a reporter aimed at facilitating the monitoring of continuous mutagenesis in mutator strains. This reporter couples two reversion markers, allowing the temporal separation of mutation events in time, thus providing information about the dynamics of mutagenesis in mutator strains. Here, we describe these reporter systems, provide protocols for use, and demonstrate their key functional features using error-prone Pol I mutagenesis as a source of mutations.

Introduction: Understanding changes in vaccine hesitancy, overall and by sociodemographic characteristics, may highlight sub-populations for whom more intensive efforts are needed to increase vaccine uptake and confidence. Methods: We analyzed data using the CDC's Research and Development Survey (RANDS), a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults ≥18years, collected from 17 May 2021-30 June 2021 (n=5,458) and 3 November 2022-12 December 2022 (n=6,821). We assessed changes in vaccine hesitancy, changes in vaccine attitudes and attitudes, and factors associated with hesitancy toward both vaccines in general and COVID-19 vaccines among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Results: Although COVID-19 vaccination (≥1 dose) increased from 67.2% (2021) to 74.7% (2022), COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy increased from 40.7% to 44.6% during the same period. During the same period, hesitancy toward both COVID-19 vaccines and vaccines in general increased among those who were aged ≥65 years and who were non-Hispanic White. However, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy decreased among non-Hispanic Black adults. Current or former smokers were more hesitant toward vaccines in general (aPR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.03-1.24) and toward COVID-19 vaccines (aPR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01-1.16) compared to never smokers. Among adults who did not receive any COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy increased from 86.6% in 2021 to 92.4% in 2022. Furthermore, belief in the overall social benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine decreased from 47.5% to 25.1%. Conclusion: This study highlights concerning trends in vaccine hesitancy and uptake of the COVID-19 and other recommended vaccines. We found that some high-risk groups (e.g. smokers) and population subgroups have become more vaccine hesitant, suggesting the need for improved and intensified strategies to increase vaccine confidence and uptake. Future research may focus on qualitative inquiry to understand specific concerns and determinants contributing to increased hesitancy among these groups to help inform interventions and communication campaigns to support vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employees in the twenty-first century must be equipped to effectively process information from print and online sources; yet, many students struggle with online research and comprehension skills, making them ill-prepared in college and careers. Utilizing a qualitative exploratory case study design, this study describes how a fourth-grade teacher developed her students' online research and comprehension skills in small groups using the guided reading framework to frame her instruction. Key findings suggest that the teacher adapted many components of the guided reading framework to develop students' online inquiry skills. Both the teacher and students experienced role changes and challenges related to the experience, yet students demonstrated high rates of engagement and collaboration. This paper provides a situated example of how a teacher adapted an existing instructional context in her classroom and implications for adapting other popular instructional context, frameworks, and models for supporting teachers in developing students' digital literacy skills.

This study aims to examine how mothers' poverty differently affects young adult children's self-esteem over time. We consider how young adult children's income moderates the between-subject relationship and the within-subject relationship. This study used two data sets such as the NLSY79 and the NLSY79CY. We used six waves from 2004 to 2014. A total of 3975 mother–adult child dyads were chosen. The hybrid model was employed to explore both the between-subject and the within-subject relationship. There was a significant between-subject relationship regarding the effect of mothers' poverty and adult children's income on adult children's self-esteem. In the between-subjects relationship, an interaction effect was found, such that children's income moderated the between-subject relationship between mothers' poverty and children's self-esteem. Long-term anti-poverty programs should be provided to women with children even after they completely are away from poverty. Minimizing inequality in intergenerational economic mobility may be critical to enhance adult children's self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Men aged 27 to 45 are eligible for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination as of 2019, yet relatively little is known about whether they have received or intend to receive it. We conducted a cross-sectional, online survey among fathers aged 27 to 45 between March and April 2022, to assess associations between HPV vaccination awareness, behaviors, intentions, and psychosocial constructs from the Health Belief Model. We examined the characteristics of those who had (a) heard of the HPV vaccine, (b) already received ≥ 1 dose, and (c) intentions for future vaccination among those who had never been vaccinated. Among 400 men who completed the survey, 32% were not aware of the HPV vaccine. Among those who were aware, 41% had received ≥ 1 dose. Sixty-three percent of unvaccinated men reported that they intended to get vaccinated in the future. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that age and race/ethnicity were associated with having been vaccinated previously. Among the unvaccinated, multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that those with a higher perceived risk of HPV-associated cancer had 3.73 greater odds of reporting they would seek vaccination compared to those with lower perceived risk (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.28, 12.3]). We did not find perceived benefits, barriers, or decision self-efficacy to be related to future vaccine intentions. Since recommendations for this group include shared clinical decision-making, public health efforts should focus on raising awareness of vaccine eligibility, emphasizing risk factors for HPV-associated cancers so that individuals have an accurate perception of risk, and encouraging conversation between men and their providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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