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WRKY transcription factors are unique to plants and performs many imperative functions mainly disease resistance. In the present study we have analyzed the WRKY transcription factor gene sequences to assess the variation at single nucleotide level. We have retrieved 525 sequences of WRKY genes of palms of 334 Kb size. The sequences were purified by employing EST trimmer and were clustered into 31 contigs using CAP3. Single nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) and insertion/deletions (indels) were detected in contigs using the AUTOSNP software. Alternatively candidate SNP containing contigs were aligned by Clustal X to locate the SNPs. Results from these two methods were compared and false SNPs were eliminated. Finally, about 568 SNPs were found including 250 transitions, 120 transversions and 198 indels. The SNPs were seen at a frequency of 2.84/100bp in the WRKY sequences of palms. Primers were designed flanking to SNP/ indel sites with potential as markers in palms. We could obtain two novel WRKY-SNP markers (WRKY 7 and WRKY 12) which are not reported before in palms.

In the present scenario of rapid growth in cloud computing models, several companies and users started to share their data on cloud servers. However, when the model is not completely trusted, the data owners face several security-related problems, such as user privacy breaches, data disclosure, data corruption, and so on, during the process of data outsourcing. For addressing and handling the security-related issues on Cloud, several models were proposed. With that concern, this paper develops a Privacy-Preserved Data Security Approach (PP-DSA) to provide the data security and data integrity for the outsourcing data in Cloud Environment. Privacy preservation is ensured in this work with the Efficient Authentication Technique (EAT) using the Group Signature method that is applied with Third-Party Auditor (TPA). The role of the auditor is to secure the data and guarantee shared data integrity. Additionally, the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) and Data User (DU) can also be the attackers that are to be handled with the EAT. Here, the major objective of the work is to enhance cloud security and thereby, increase Quality of Service (QoS). The results are evaluated based on the model effectiveness, security, and reliability and show that the proposed model provides better results than existing works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]