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51. On Refined Neutrosophic Canonical Hypergroups

Author

Muritala Ibrahim, Abdul Akeem Agboola, Zulaihat Hassan-Ibrahim, Adeleke, E., Ibrahim, Muritala, Federal University of Agriculture [Abeokuta] (FUNAAB), Department of Mathematics and Statistics [Auburn] (DMS), and Auburn University (AU)

Subjects
[MATH.MATH-AC] Mathematics [math]/Commutative Algebra [math.AC], refined neutrosophic subcanonical hypergroup, [MATH.MATH-AC]Mathematics [math]/Commutative Algebra [math.AC], neutrosophic canonical hypergroup, refined neutrosophic canonical hypergroup, neutrosophic subcanonical hypergroup, [MATH] Mathematics [math], [MATH]Mathematics [math]
Abstract

International audience; Refinement of neutrosophic algebraic structure or hyperstructure allows for the splitting of the indeterminate factor into different sub-indeterminate and gives a detailed information about the neutrosophic structure/hyperstructure considered. This paper is concerned with the development of a refined neutrosophic canonical hypergroup from a canonical hypergroup R and sub-indeterminate I 1 and I 2. Several interesting results and examples are presented. The paper also studies refined neutrosophic homomorphisms and establishes the existence of a good homomorphism between a refined neutrosophic canonical hypergroup R(I 1 , I 2) and a neutrosophic canonical hypergroup R(I).

Published
2021

52. Microbial narrow-escape is facilitated by wall interactions

Author

Mathieu Souzy, Antoine Allard, Jean-François Louf, Matteo Contino, Idan Tuval, Marco Polin, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Leverhulme Trust, European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Physics of Fluids Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Twente, Physics of Fluids Group, University of Twente, The Netherlands, Deparment of Physics, University of Warwick, Department of Chemical Engineering [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Physics Department, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Grants No. CTM2017-83774-P, Grant No. IED2019-000958-I, Grant No. PID2019-104232GB-I00, Grant No. RYC-2018-02534, ECOST-STSM-Request-CA17120-47203, Grant No. RPG-2018-345, and Grant Agreement No. 955910, and European Project: 955910,PHYMOT

Subjects
Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), Confined Matter, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Biological Physics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Active Swimmer, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Quantitative Biology::Cell Behavior, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

Cells have evolved efficient strategies to probe their surroundings and navigate through complex environments. From metastatic spread in the body to swimming cells in porous materials, escape through narrow constrictions - a key component of any structured environment connecting isolated micro-domains - is one ubiquitous and crucial aspect of cell exploration. Here, using the model microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we combine experiments and simulations to achieve a tractable realization of the classical Brownian narrow escape problem in the context of active confined matter. Our results differ from those expected for Brownian particles or leaking chaotic billiards and demonstrate that cell-wall interactions substantially modify escape rates and, under generic conditions, expedite spread dynamics., We acknowledge financial support from grants CTM2017-83774-P and IED2019-000958-I (IT), PID2019-104232GB-I00 (IT and MP) from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci ́on (MICINN), the Ramón y Cajal Program (RYC-2018-02534; MP), ECOST-STSM-Request-CA17120-47203 for the COST Action (European Cooperation in Science and Technology); RPG-2018-345 (AA and MP) from The Leverhulme Trust; H2020 MSCA ITN PHYMOT (Grant agreement No 955910; IT and MP). MS also acknowledges A. Marin for his support.

Published
2021
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53. Contrasting evolution of virulence and replication rate in an emerging bacterial pathogen

Author

Tardy, Luc, Giraudeau, Mathieu, Hill, Geoffrey, McGraw, Kevin, Bonneaud, Camille, University of Exeter, School of Life Sciences [Tempe, USA], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), and Auburn University (AU)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], pathogen load, evolution of resistance, emerging infectious disease, bacteria, evolution of virulence
Abstract

International audience; Host resistance through immune clearance is predicted to favor pathogens that are able to transmit faster and are hence more virulent. Increasing pathogen virulence is, in turn, typically assumed to be mediated by increasing replication rates. However, experiments designed to test how pathogen virulence and replication rates evolve in response to increasing host resistance, as well as the relationship between the two, are rare and lacking for naturally evolving host–pathogen interactions. We inoculated 55 isolates of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, collected over 20 y from outbreak, into house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) from disease-unexposed populations, which have not evolved protective immunity to M. gallisepticum. We show using 3 different metrics of virulence (body mass loss, symptom severity, and putative mortality rate) that virulence has increased linearly over >150,000 bacterial generations since outbreak (1994 to 2015). By contrast, while replication rates increased from outbreak to the initial spread of resistance (1994 to 2004), no further increases have occurred subsequently (2007 to 2015). Finally, as a consequence, we found that any potential mediating effect of replication rate on virulence evolution was restricted to the period when host resistance was initially increasing in the population. Taken together, our results show that pathogen virulence and replication rates can evolve independently, particularly after the initial spread of host resistance. We hypothesize that the evolution of pathogen virulence can be driven primarily by processes such as immune manipulation after resistance spreads in host populations.

Published
2020
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54. Experimental evidence for stabilizing selection on virulence in a bacterial pathogen

Author

Geoffrey E. Hill, Camille Bonneaud, Alastair J. Wilson, Kevin J. McGraw, Mathieu Giraudeau, Luc Tardy, University of Exeter, Auburn University (AU), School of Life Sciences [Tempe, USA], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Letter, transmission rate, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virulence, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, replication rate, Genetics, Letters, Stabilizing selection, Pathogen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Host (biology), Directional selection, Transmission (medicine), Outbreak, Emerging infectious disease, house finches
Abstract

The virulence-transmission trade-off hypothesis has provided a dominant theoretical basis for predicting pathogen virulence evolution, but empirical tests are rare, particularly at pathogen emergence. The central prediction of this hypothesis is that pathogen fitness is maximized at intermediate virulence due to a trade-off between infection duration and transmission rate. However, obtaining sufficient numbers of pathogen isolates of contrasting virulence to test the shape of relationships between key pathogen traits, and doing so without the confounds of evolved host protective immunity (as expected at emergence), is challenging. Here, we inoculated 55 isolates of the bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, into non-resistant house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) from populations that have never been exposed to the disease. Isolates were collected over a 20-year period from outbreak in disease-exposed populations of house finches and vary markedly in virulence. We found a positive linear relationship between pathogen virulence and transmission rate to an uninfected sentinel, supporting the core assumption of the trade-off hypothesis. Further, in support of the key prediction, there was no evidence for directional selection on a quantitative proxy of pathogen virulence and, instead, isolates of intermediate virulence were fittest. Surprisingly, however, the positive relationship between virulence and transmission rate was not underpinned by variation in pathogen load or replication rate as is commonly assumed. Our results indicate that selection favors pathogens of intermediate virulence at disease emergence in a novel host species, even when virulence and transmission are not linked to pathogen load.

Published
2020
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55. Repeated gain and loss of a single gene modulates the evolution of vascular plant pathogen lifestyles

Author

Emile, Gluck-Thaler, Cerruti, A., Pérez-Quintero, Alvaro L., Veronica, Roman-Reyna, Vishnu, Madhavan, Deepak, Shantharaj, Marcus, Merfa, Taca, Vancheva, Beckham, Gregg T, de La Fuente, Leonardo, Hitendra, Patel, Sonti, Ramesh V., Leach, Jan E., Noël, Laurent D., Slot, Jason C., Jacobs, Jonathan M., Gluck-Thaler, Emile, Cerutti, Aude, Perez-Quintero, Alvaro, Butchacas, Jules, Roman-Reyna, Verónica, Madhavan, Vishnu, Shantharaj, Deepak, Merfa, Marcus, Pesce, Céline, Jauneau, Alain, Vancheva, Taca, Lang, Jillian, Allen, Caitilyn, Verdier, Valerie, Gagnevin, Lionel, Szurek, Boris, Beckham, Gregg, De, Leonardo, Fuente, La, Patel, Hitendra, Sonti, Ramesh, Bragard, Claude, Leach, Jan, Noël, Laurent, Slot, Jason, Koebnik, Ralf, Jacobs, Jonathan, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of Pennsylvania, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [India] (CSIR), Auburn University (AU), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HM CLAUSE [USA Canada], Plateforme Imagerie [Castanet-Tolosan] (IFR 3450 - Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale), Institut Fédératif de Recherche, Colorado State University [Pueblo] (CSUPueblo), University of Wisconsin-Madison, UMR - Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (UMR IPME), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology : 1306196, U.S. Fulbright Scholar Award, Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of India : SB/52/JCB-12/2014, European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) : CA16107 EuroXanth, United States Department of Energy (DOE) : DE-AC36-08GO28308, United States Department of Energy (DOE), USDA NIFA Postdoctoral Fellowship : 2017-67012-26116, COST SUSTAIN travel grant, National Science Foundation (NSF) : DEB-1638999, Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies Doctoral Research Scholarship, University Grants Commission, India, Department of Science & Technology (India), French Ministry of National Education and Research, USDA NIFA through NSF/NIFA Plant Biotic Interactions Program : 2018-67013-28490, ANR-18-CE20-0020,NEPHRON,Analyse génétique et moléculaire de l'immunité de l'hydathode et du système vasculaire(2018), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Xanthomonas, Multidisciplinary, Bacteria, Phylogenetic tree, Hydrolases, Host (biology), Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique), [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Plants, Biology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Phenotype, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Pathogen, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Vascular plant pathogens travel long distances through host veins, leading to life-threatening, systemic infections. In contrast, nonvascular pathogens remain restricted to infection sites, triggering localized symptom development. The contrasting features of vascular and nonvascular diseases suggest distinct etiologies, but the basis for each remains unclear. Here, we show that the hydrolase CbsA acts as a phenotypic switch between vascular and nonvascular plant pathogenesis. cbsA was enriched in genomes of vascular phytopathogenic bacteria in the family Xanthomonadaceae and absent in most nonvascular species. CbsA expression allowed nonvascular Xanthomonas to cause vascular blight, while cbsA mutagenesis resulted in reduction of vascular or enhanced nonvascular symptom development. Phylogenetic hypothesis testing further revealed that cbsA was lost in multiple nonvascular lineages and more recently gained by some vascular subgroups, suggesting that vascular pathogenesis is ancestral. Our results overall demonstrate how the gain and loss of single loci can facilitate the evolution of complex ecological traits. evolution of complex ecological traits.

Published
2020
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56. Flavobacterium panici sp. nov. isolated from the rhizosphere of the switchgrass Panicum virgatum

Author

Jia Xu, Stefanie P. Glaeser, John A. McInroy, Peter Kämpfer, Hans-Jürgen Busse, Dominique Clermont, Alexis Criscuolo, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Auburn University (AU), Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Collection de l'Institut Pasteur (CIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microbiology, MESH: Bacterial Typing Techniques, Flavobacterium panici, MESH: Nucleic Acid Hybridization, 03 medical and health sciences, taxonomy, Glycolipid, MESH: Base Composition, Genotype, Nucleotide, MESH: Phylogeny, MESH: Rhizosphere, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, MESH: Phospholipids, 0303 health sciences, Rhizosphere, biology, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Panicum, Fatty acid, MESH: Flavobacterium, General Medicine, MESH: Vitamin K 2, 16S ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, MESH: DNA, Bacterial, MESH: Alabama, MESH: Fatty Acids, MESH: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, chemistry, MESH: Soil Microbiology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Taxonomy (biology), Flavobacterium
Abstract

A Gram-staining-negative non endospore-forming strain, PXU-55T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of the switchgrass Panicum virgatum and studied in detail to determine its taxonomic position. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus Flavobacterium . The isolate shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains of Flavobacterium chungangense (98.78 %) and Flavobacterium chilense (98.64 %). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between the PXU-55T genome assembly and the ones of the most closely related type strains of species of the genus Flavobacterium were 87.3 and 31.9% ( Flavobacterium defluvii ), and 86.1 and 29.9% ( Flavobacterium johnsoniae ). Menaquinone MK-6 was the major respiratory quinone. As major polar lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, an ornithine lipid and the unidentified polar lipids L2, L3 and L4 lacking a functional group were found. Moderate to minor amounts of another ornithine lipid, the unidentified lipid L1 and a glycolipid were present, as well. The major polyamine is sym-homospermidine. The fatty acid profiles contained major amounts of iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 3-OH, iso-C17:0 3-OH, C15:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH) and various hydroxylated fatty acids in smaller amounts, among them iso C16:0 3-OH, C16:0 3-OH and C15:0 3-OH, which supported the classification of the isolate as a member of the genus Flavobacterium . Physiological and biochemical characterisation and ANI calculations with the type strains of the most closely related species allowed a clear phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of the strain. For this reason, we propose that strain PXU-55T (=CIP 111646T=CCM 8914T) represents a novel species with the name Flavobacterium panici sp. nov.

Published
2020
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57. Reducing Uncertainties of Future Global Soil Carbon Responses to Climate and Land Use Change With Emergent Constraints

Author

Sebastian Ostberg, Thomas Hickler, Bertrand Guenet, Wenfang Xu, Akihiko Ito, Philippe Ciais, Sibyll Schaphoff, Hanqing Tian, Katja Frieler, Matthew Forrest, Nicolas Viovy, Hao Shi, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Jinfeng Chang, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Auburn University (AU), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Land use, land-use change and forestry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020
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58. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Everything Old Is New Again in Public Health Education

Author

Eric Breton, Jesus Ramirez-Valles, Lisa M. Kuhns, David H. Chae, Regine Haardörfer, San Francisco State University (SFSU), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Département des sciences humaines et sociales (SHS), Auburn University (AU), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Northwestern University [Chicago, Ill. USA], and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Economic growth, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Social Determinants of Health, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pneumonia, Viral, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Political science, Pandemic, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Healthcare Disparities, Health behavior, Pandemics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Infectious disease, 030505 public health, Health Equity, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public health education, COVID-19, Health Status Disparities, Health equity, United States, 3. Good health, Coronavirus, Health education, Socioeconomic Factors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Public Health, 0305 other medical science, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020
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59. Interrupted Blood Feeding in Ticks: Causes and Consequences

Author

Leon Meyer, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Josephus J. Fourie, Valérie Choumet, Byron L. Blagburn, Marie Varloud, Frans Jongejan, Djamel Tahir, Thomas N. Mather, Clinvet Morocco, Clinvet International, Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Rhode Island (URI), Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Auburn University (AU), Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital (LMU Munich), CEVA Santé Animale [Libourne, France] (Laboratoire Vétérinaire Pharmaceutique), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), 030231 tropical medicine, Review, interrupted blood feeding, Tick, Microbiology, ixodid ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, transmission time, Virology, parasitic diseases, Anaplasma, Powassan virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, lcsh:QH301-705.5, biology, pathogens, biology.organism_classification, Rickettsia rickettsii, bacterial infections and mycoses, 030104 developmental biology, Rickettsia, lcsh:Biology (General), Babesia, Babesia canis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods and act as vectors for a great variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Some tick-borne viruses, such as Powassan virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus, are transmissible within 15–60 min after tick attachment. However, a minimum of 3–24 h of tick attachment is necessary to effectively transmit bacterial agents such as Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Rickettsia spp. to a new host. Longer transmission periods were reported for Borrelia spp. and protozoans such as Babesia spp., which require a minimum duration of 24–48 h of tick attachment for maturation and migration of the pathogen. Laboratory observations indicate that the probability of transmission of tick-borne pathogens increases with the duration an infected tick is allowed to remain attached to the host. However, the transmission time may be shortened when partially fed infected ticks detach from their initial host and reattach to a new host, on which they complete their engorgement. For example, early transmission of tick-borne pathogens (e.g., Rickettsia rickettsii, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Brucella canis) and a significantly shorter transmission time were demonstrated in laboratory experiments by interrupted blood feeding. The relevance of such situations under field conditions remains poorly documented. In this review, we explore parameters of, and causes leading to, spontaneous interrupted feeding in nature, as well as the effects of this behavior on the minimum time required for transmission of tick-borne pathogens.

Published
2020
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60. Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges

Author

Claude E. Boyd, Fabrice Teletchea, Joseph R. Tomasso, Brent D. Glencross, David Huyben, George S. Lockwood, Craig S. Tucker, Louis R. D'Abramo, Aaron A. McNevin, Albert G. J. Tacon, Lorenzo M. Juarez, Wagner Cotroni Valenti, and Auburn University (AU)

Subjects
future sustainability challenges, recent advances toward sustainable aquaculture, Natural resource economics, Aquatic Science, Biology, 12. Responsible consumption, Unit (housing), 03 medical and health sciences, Aquaculture, Production (economics), 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Food security, global sustainable aquaculture, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 6. Clean water, Sustainable aquaculture, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Greenhouse gas, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, 040102 fisheries, Carbon footprint, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.

Published
2020
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61. Bilobate comet morphology and internal structure controlled by shear deformation

Author

Carsten Güttler, F. Preusker, Dennis Bodewits, Alice Lucchetti, Philippe Lamy, J.-B. Vincent, H. U. Keller, D. Nébouy, Björn Davidsson, A. T. Auger, Matteo Massironi, Stefano Debei, Cecilia Tubiana, F. La Forgia, Stubbe F. Hviid, Hans Rickman, M. De Cecco, Luca Penasa, M. A. Barucci, L. M. Lara, Nilda Oklay, C. Matonti, Nicholas Attree, J. L. Bertaux, Olivier Groussin, Sophie Viseur, Monica Lazzarin, Maurizio Pajola, Imre Toth, Francesco Marzari, Ivano Bertini, R. Rodrigo, Jakob Deller, Sylvain Bouley, Sonia Fornasier, Holger Sierks, V. Da Deppo, J. J. Lopez-Moreno, Wing-Huen Ip, Laurent Jorda, Giampiero Naletto, G. Cremonese, Frank Scholten, Marco Fulle, Xian Shi, Stefano Mottola, P. J. Gutierrez, Detlef Koschny, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Natural Sciences [Stirling], University of Stirling, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), national funding agency of Germany (DLR), national funding agency of France (CNES), national funding agency of Italy (ASI), national funding agency of Spain (MEC), national funding agency of Sweden (SNSB), ESA Technical Directorate, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), IMPEC - LATMOS, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Solar System, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 3d analysis, Comet, Geophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, rosetta, Shear (geology), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Sublimation (phase transition), Water ice, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Earth and Planetary Sciences (all), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Bilobate comets—small icy bodies with two distinct lobes—are a common configuration among comets, but the factors shaping these bodies are largely unknown. Cometary nuclei, the solid centres of comets, erode by ice sublimation when they are sufficiently close to the Sun, but the importance of a comet’s internal structure on its erosion is unclear. Here we present three-dimensional analyses of images from the Rosetta mission to illuminate the process that shaped the Jupiter-family bilobate comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko over billions of years. We show that the comet’s surface and interior exhibit shear-fracture and fault networks, on spatial scales of tens to hundreds of metres. Fractures propagate up to 500 m below the surface through a mechanically homogeneous material. Through fracture network analysis and stress modelling, we show that shear deformation generates fracture networks that control mechanical surface erosion, particularly in the strongly marked neck trough of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, exposing its interior. We conclude that shear deformation shapes and structures the surface and interior of bilobate comets, particularly in the outer Solar System where water ice sublimation is negligible. The shape and internal structure of bilobate comet 67P is controlled by shear deformation inducing mechanically driven erosion along shear fracture networks, according to a 3D analysis of images from the Rosetta mission.

Published
2019
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62. Increased nitrogen enrichment and shifted patterns in the world's grassland: 1860–2016

Author

R. Xu, H. Tian, S. Pan, S. R. S. Dangal, J. Chen, J. Chang, Y. Lu, U. M. Skiba, F. N. Tubiello, B. Zhang, Auburn University (AU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY BUSH ESTATE PENICUIK GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Nutrient, Grazing, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 15. Life on land, Manure, lcsh:Geology, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Greenhouse gas, engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Fertilizer, Rangeland, business
Abstract

Production and application to soils of manure excreta from livestock farming significantly perturb the global nutrient balance and result in significant greenhouse gas emissions that warm the earth's climate. Despite much attention paid to synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer and manure N applications to croplands, spatially explicit, continuous time-series datasets of manure and fertilizer N inputs on pastures and rangelands are lacking. We developed three global gridded datasets at a resolution of 0.5∘ × 0.5∘ for the period 1860–2016 (i.e., annual manure N deposition (by grazing animals) rate, synthetic N fertilizer and N manure application rates), by combining annual and 5 arcmin spatial data on pastures and rangelands with country-level statistics on livestock manure, mineral and chemical fertilizers, and land use information for cropland and permanent meadows and pastures. Based on the new data products, we estimated that total N inputs, the sum of manure N deposition, manure N application and fertilizer N application to pastures and rangelands, increased globally from 15 to 101 Tg N yr−1 during 1860–2016. In particular during the period 2000–2016, livestock manure N deposition accounted for 83 % of the total N inputs, whereas manure and fertilizer N application accounted 9 % and 8 %, respectively. At the regional scale, hotspots of manure N deposition remained largely similar during the period 1860–2016 (i.e., southern Asia, Africa and South America); however, hotspots of manure and fertilizer N application shifted from Europe to southern Asia in the early 21st century. The new three global datasets contribute to the filling of the previous data gaps of global and regional N inputs in pastures and rangelands, improving the abilities of ecosystem and earth system models to investigate the global impacts of N enrichment due to agriculture, in terms of associated greenhouse gas emissions and environmental sustainability issues. Datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892940.

Published
2019
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63. Global Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Pasturelands and Rangelands: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns, and Attribution

Author

Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Shufen Pan, Hanqin Tian, Bowen Zhang, Shree R. S. Dangal, Jinfeng Chang, Rongting Xu, Jia Yang, Auburn University (AU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Magnitude (mathematics), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ecosystem model, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Soil organic matter, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Nitrous oxide, 15. Life on land, Carbon storage, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, Rangeland
Abstract

International audience; The application of manure and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and livestock excreta deposition are the main drivers of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in agricultural systems. However, the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of N2O emissions due to different management practices (excreta deposition and manure/fertilizer application) from grassland ecosystems remain unclear. In this study, we used the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model to simulate the spatiotemporal variation in global N2O emissions and their attribution to different sources from both intensively managed (pasturelands) and extensively managed (rangelands) grasslands during 1961–2014. Over the study period, pasturelands and rangelands experienced a significant increase in N2O emissions from 1.74 Tg N2O‐N in 1961 to 3.11 Tg N2O‐N in 2014 (p < 0.05). Globally, pasturelands and rangelands were responsible for 54% (2.2 Tg N2O‐N) of the total agricultural N2O emissions (4.1 Tg N2O‐N) in 2006. Natural and anthropogenic sources contributed 26% (0.64 Tg N2O‐N/year) and 74% (1.78 Tg N2O‐N/year) of the net emissions, respectively. Across different biomes, pasturelands (i.e., C3 and C4) were the single largest contributor to N2O fluxes, accounting for 86% of the net global emissions from grasslands. Among different sources, livestock excreta deposition contributed 54% of the net emissions, followed by manure N (13%) and mineral N (7%) application. Regionally, southern Asia contributed 38% of the total emissions, followed by Europe (29%) and North America (16%). Our modeling study demonstrates that livestock excreta deposition and manure/fertilizer application have dramatically altered the N cycle in pasturelands, with a substantial impact on the climate system.

Published
2019
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64. Honey bees performing varroa sensitive hygiene remove the most mite-compromised bees from highly infested patches of brood

Author

Alison R. Mercer, Seo Hyun Kim, Maxime R. Hervé, Fanny Mondet, Department of Zoology, Auburn University (AU), Abeilles et environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Abeilles & Environnement (UR 406 ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, medicine.disease_cause, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, Infestation, medicine, Mite, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Destructor, integumentary system, biology, fungi, Social immunity, Honey bee, biology.organism_classification, Brood, Worker bee, 010602 entomology, 030104 developmental biology, Insect Science, Varroa destructor, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Varroa sensitive hygiene, Apis mellifera
Abstract

International audience; Varroa destructor is a key contributor to honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony losses that threaten global economies. Some colonies, especially those displaying high levels of hygiene behaviour targeted towards V. destructor -infested cells, survive mite infestation. Worker bees displaying varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH) open infested brood cells and remove the contents, thereby suppressing mite reproduction. This study identifies features that distinguish cells uncapped by bees performing VSH from infested cells that VSH bees ignore. Brood cells targeted and uncapped by VSH bees were found to be more likely to contain multiple foundress females than nontargeted cells. They also contained higher numbers of mite offspring, and lay within brood cell patches that were more highly infested with V. destructor than were the surrounds of infested cells ignored by VSH bees. This study is the first to identify cell surrounds as a potential source of signals influencing the behaviour of bees performing VSH.

Published
2018
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65. Variable X-Ray Emission of Comet 46P/Wirtanen

Author

Emanuele Bonamente, Damian J. Christian, Dimitra Koutroumpa, Dennis Bodewits, Zexi Xing, Kumar Venkataramani, Leach Science Center, Auburn University (AU), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Northridge], California State University [Northridge] (CSUN), Laboratory for Space Research [Hong Kong] (LSR), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Solar wind, Comet, Flux, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics, Space weather, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, law, Observatory, Charge exchange recombination, 0103 physical sciences, Comets, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), medicine, Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0210 nano-technology, Ultraviolet
Abstract

In this paper, we present an analysis of X-ray and optical/ultraviolet (UV) data from the favorable (Δ ∼ 0.077 au) 2018 apparition of comet 46P/Wirtanen. The comet was observed during three different epochs (before, during, and after perihelion) over a 1.5 month period using the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) instruments on board the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory and the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We clearly detected the comet’s charge exchange-induced emission during the first two epochs (F x = (11.2 ± 0.8) and (6.9 ± 0.5) × 10−13 erg cm−2 s−1, respectively), while only an upper limit on the flux could be placed for the third epoch (F x < 1.38 × 10−13 erg cm−2 s−1). As such, 46P/Wirtanen is one of the least luminous comets to be detected in X-rays. X-ray emission from the charge exchange between solar wind ions and the neutrals in the coma were analyzed against the water-production rate (Swift/UVOT) and space weather measurements. Further analyses of the emission features show that the solar wind properties inferred from the observed X-ray spectrum are in good agreement with those measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, proving the approach is reliable for solar wind diagnostics. It is also found that, despite the variability of the comet’s properties (e.g., the water-production rate used as a neutrals density proxy), cometary X-ray emission is primarily modulated by the solar wind.

Published
2021
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66. Changes in diet associated with cancer: An evolutionary perspective

Author

Sophie Rome, Christa Beckmann, Péter Biró, Beata Ujvari, Erika H. Dawson, Michel Raymond, Jacques Montagne, Frederic Mery, Frédéric Thomas, Robert Poulin, François Renaud, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de recherches écologiques & évolutives sur le cancer (CREEC), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Évolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris Sud (Paris 11), Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University [Burwood], Department of Zoology, Auburn University (AU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), ANR (Blanc project EVOCAN), CNRS (INEE), International Associated Laboratory Project France/Australia, Australian Academy of Science, FASIC Early Career Fellowship Fondation MAVA, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Thomas, Frederic, UMR 9191 EGCE Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Ouest] ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Centre de recherches écologiques & évolutives sur le cancer ( CREEC ), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition ( CarMeN ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Deakin University, Auburn University, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes ( EPHE )

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adaptive value, Side effect, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease_cause, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, resistance, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Genetics, medicine, cancer, skin and connective tissue diseases, Pathological, malignant cells, manipulation, nutrition, self-medication, tolerance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Natural selection, nutrition, self‐medication, tolérance, Perspective (graphical), Cancer, cellule maligne, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, régime alimentaire, resistance, tolerance, 030104 developmental biology, Tumor progression, Perspective, Immunology, sense organs, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Carcinogenesis, Perspectives
Abstract

Changes in diet are frequently correlated with the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors (i.e., cancer) in both humans and other animals, but an integrated conceptual framework to interpret these changes still needs to be developed. Our aim is to provide a new perspective on dietary changes in tumor‐bearing individuals by adapting concepts from parasitology. Dietary changes may occur alongside tumor progression for several reasons: (i) as a pathological side effect with no adaptive value, (ii) as the result of self‐medication by the host to eradicate the tumor and/or to slow down its progression, (iii) as a result of host manipulation by the tumor that benefits its progression, and finally (iv) as a host tolerance strategy, to alleviate and repair damages caused by tumor progression. Surprisingly, this tolerance strategy can be beneficial for the host even if diet changes are beneficial to tumor progression, provided that cancer‐induced death occurs sufficiently late (i.e., when natural selection is weak). We argue that more data and a unifying evolutionary framework, especially during the early stages of tumorigenesis, are needed to understand the links between changes in diet and tumor progression. We argue that a focus on dietary changes accompanying tumor progression can offer novel preventive and therapeutic strategies against cancer.

Published
2017
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67. Expression map of a complete set of gustatory receptor genes in chemosensory organs of Bombyx mori

Author

Liang Jiang, Shenglong Li, Marian R. Goldsmith, Kazuei Mita, Zhiwei Chen, Jiaqi Wu, Qingyou Xia, Youbing Guo, Hirohisa Kishino, Karumathil P. Gopinathan, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, Keiko Kadono-Okuda, Kiyoshi Asaoka, Kallare P. Arunkumar, Rakesh Kumar Seth, Huijie Zhang, Jianqiu Liu, Tingcai Cheng, Huizhen Guo, Kiyoko Taniai, Nicolas Montagné, Joly, Emmanuelle, Goldsmith, Marian R., Mita, Kazuei, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Department of Zoology, Auburn University (AU), Indian Institute of Science, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Chinese government fund 'One thousand plan for the foreign experts recruitment program' [WQ20125500074], National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB114600], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Genome evolution, Annotation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Insect-plant interactions, Taste, Gustatory receptor, Bombyx mori, RNA-seq, RNA-Seq, Bioinformatics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene mapping, Gene cluster, Animals, Molecular Biology, Gene, Genetics, biology, fungi, Chromosome Mapping, Bombyx, biology.organism_classification, Chemoreceptor Cells, 030104 developmental biology, Interaction with host, Larva, Insect Science, Female
Abstract

Most lepidopteran species are herbivores, and interaction with host plants affects their gene expression and behavior as well as their genome evolution. Gustatory receptors (Grs) are expected to mediate host plant selection, feeding, oviposition and courtship behavior. However, due to their high diversity, sequence divergence and extremely low level of expression it has been difficult to identify precisely a complete set of Grs in Lepidoptera. By manual annotation and BAC sequencing, we improved annotation of 43 gene sequences compared with previously reported Grs in the most studied lepidopteran model, the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and identified 7 new tandem copies of BmGr30 on chromosome 7, bringing the total number of BmGrs to 76. Among these, we mapped 68 genes to chromosomes in a newly constructed chromosome distribution map and 8 genes to scaffolds; we also found new evidence for large clusters of BmGrs, especially from the bitter receptor family. RNA-seq analysis of diverse BmGr expression patterns in chemosensory organs of larvae and adults enabled us to draw a precise organ specific map of BmGr expression. Interestingly, most of the clustered genes were expressed in the same tissues and more than half of the genes were expressed in larval maxillae, larval thoracic legs and adult legs. For example, BmGr63 showed high expression levels in all organs in both larval and adult stages. By contrast, some genes showed expression limited to specific developmental stages or organs and tissues. BmGr19 was highly expressed in larval chemosensory organs (especially antennae and thoracic legs), the single exon genes BmGr53 and BmGr67 were expressed exclusively in larval tissues, the BmGr27-BmGr31 gene cluster on chr7 displayed a high expression level limited to adult legs and the candidate CO2 receptor BmGr2 was highly expressed in adult antennae, where few other Grs were expressed. Transcriptional analysis of the Grs in B. mori provides a valuable new reference for finding genes involved in plant-insect interactions in Lepidoptera and establishing correlations between these genes and vital insect behaviors like host plant selection and courtship for mating. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2017
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68. Fitness Estimation for Ecological Studies: An Evaluation in Columbian Ground Squirrels

Author

Vincent A. Viblanc, F. Stephen Dobson, Jan O. Murie, Department of Zoology, Auburn University (AU), University of Alberta, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Empirical data, lcsh:Evolution, lifetime reproductive success, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Columbian ground squirrels, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QH359-425, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Estimation, Natural selection, Ecology, Reproductive success, Inclusive fitness, annual fitness, natural selection, matrix algebra, individual fitness, Test (assessment), 030104 developmental biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Research questions, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The topics of evolution by natural selection and ecological interactions are closely intertwined. Thus, measurements of evolutionary fitness are ubiquitous in the ecological literature. As an empirical problem, the components of fitness, reproduction and survival, may be analyzed to produce fitness estimates in several ways. These can be divided into annual estimates that are most appropriate for short-term (e.g., annual) and experimental studies, and lifetime fitness estimates that are most appropriate for evaluating functional organismal traits. The latter are appropriate for comparative studies of natural selection in species with lifetimes that extend over several years. These estimates may also be particularly useful for estimating the direct and indirect components of inclusive fitness, an important topic for the evolution of cooperation. We reviewed examples of some of these alternatives from our research on Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus). Using empirical data, we also test the degree of correspondence of annual fitness, lifetime reproductive success, and individual fitness measures that are based on matrix methods. We conclude that correspondence of different methods is not strong, though each method appears most appropriate for different types of traits and research questions about fitness differences among trait forms.

Published
2020
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69. DNA-Histone Cross-Links: Formation and Repair

Author

Bakhyt T. Matkarimov, Regina Groisman, Manideep C. Pachva, Murat Saparbaev, Alexei F. Kisselev, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre [British Columbia, Canada], Auburn University (AU), Nazarbayev University [Kazakhstan], Intégrité du génome et cancers (IGC), and Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Genome instability, DNA-histone cross-link, DNA repair, nucleosome core particle, Review, spartan protease, Cell and Developmental Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], medicine, Nucleosome, Histone octamer, lcsh:QH301-705.5, 030304 developmental biology, Cisplatin, 0303 health sciences, biology, Cell Biology, genome instability, 3. Good health, Chromatin, Cell biology, Histone, proteasome, chemistry, lcsh:Biology (General), biology.protein, chromatin, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, DNA, Developmental Biology, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; The nucleosome is a stretch of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer. Electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds between histones and DNA are vital for the stable organization of nucleosome core particles, and for the folding of chromatin into more compact structures, which regulate gene expression via controlled access to DNA. As a drawback of tight association, under genotoxic stress, DNA can accidentally cross-link to histone in a covalent manner, generating a highly toxic DNA-histone cross-link (DHC). DHC is a bulky lesion that can impede DNA transcription, replication, and repair, often with lethal consequences. The chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, as well as ionizing and ultraviolet irradiations and endogenously occurring reactive aldehydes, generate DHCs by forming either stable or transient covalent bonds between DNA and side-chain amino groups of histone lysine residues. The mechanisms of DHC repair start to unravel, and certain common principles of DNA-protein cross-link (DPC) repair mechanisms that participate in the removal of cross-linked histones from DNA have been described. In general, DPC is removed via a two-step repair mechanism. First, cross-linked proteins are degraded by specific DPC proteases or by the proteasome, relieving steric hindrance. Second, the remaining DNA-peptide cross-links are eliminated in various DNA repair pathways. Delineating the molecular mechanisms of DHC repair would help target specific DNA repair proteins for therapeutic intervention to combat tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Published
2020
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70. Photosynthesis in a changing global climate: Scaling up and scaling down in crops

Author

Marouane Baslam, Toshiaki Mitsui, Michael Hodges, Eckart Priesack, Matthew T. Herritt, Iker Aranjuelo, Álvaro Sanz-Sáez, Niigata University, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Auburn University (AU), ANR-14-CE19-0015,Regul3P,Régulation de la photorespiration par phosphorylation protéique(2014), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), and Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, phenotyping, omics, Omics, Climate change, Review, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Metabolic engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, lcsh:SB1-1110, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Abiotic component, photosynthesis, Ecology, Crop yield, food and beverages, Biosphere, modeling, Climate Change, Crop Improvement, Phenotyping, Modeling, crop improvement, Salinity, 030104 developmental biology, climate change, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Adaptation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Photosynthesis is the major process leading to primary production in the Biosphere. There is a total of 7000bn tons of CO in the atmosphere and photosynthesis fixes more than 100bn tons annually. The CO assimilated by the photosynthetic apparatus is the basis of crop production and, therefore, of animal and human food. This has led to a renewed interest in photosynthesis as a target to increase plant production and there is now increasing evidence showing that the strategy of improving photosynthetic traits can increase plant yield. However, photosynthesis and the photosynthetic apparatus are both conditioned by environmental variables such as water availability, temperature, [CO], salinity, and ozone. The “omics” revolution has allowed a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms regulating stress responses including the identification of genes and proteins involved in the regulation, acclimation, and adaptation of processes that impact photosynthesis. The development of novel non-destructive high-throughput phenotyping techniques has been important to monitor crop photosynthetic responses to changing environmental conditions. This wealth of data is being incorporated into new modeling algorithms to predict plant growth and development under specific environmental constraints. This review gives a multi-perspective description of the impact of changing environmental conditions on photosynthetic performance and consequently plant growth by briefly highlighting how major technological advances including omics, high-throughput photosynthetic measurements, metabolic engineering, and whole plant photosynthetic modeling have helped to improve our understanding of how the photosynthetic machinery can be modified by different abiotic stresses and thus impact crop production., This work was supported by IRUEC project funded by EIG CONCERT-Japan 3rd Joint Call on “Food Crops and Biomass Production Technologies” under the Strategic International Research Cooperative Program of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Spanish Innovation and Universities Ministry (Acciones de programación conjunta Internacional, PCIN-2017-007), and by the ANR-14-CE19-0015 grant REGUL3P. A Grant for Promotion of KAAB Projects (Niigata University) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology-Japan is also acknowledged.

Published
2020
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71. Status Updates with Priorities: Lexicographic Optimality

Author

Maatouk, Ali, Sun, Yin, Ephremides, Anthony, Assaad, Mohamad, Assaad, Mohamad, Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Auburn University (AU), and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Univ. of Maryland] (ECE - University of Maryland)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [INFO.INFO-NI] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Computer Science - Information Theory, Information Theory (cs.IT)
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we consider a transmission scheduling problem, in which several streams of status update packets with diverse priority levels are sent through a shared channel to their destinations. We introduce a notion of Lexicographic age optimality, or simply lex-age-optimality, to evaluate the performance of multi-class status update policies. In particular, a lex-age-optimal scheduling policy first minimizes the Age of Information (AoI) metrics for high-priority streams, and then, within the set of optimal policies for high-priority streams, achieves the minimum AoI metrics for low-priority streams. We propose a new scheduling policy named Preemptive Priority, Maximum Age First, Last-Generated, First-Served (PP-MAF- LGFS), and prove that the PP-MAF-LGFS scheduling policy is lex-age-optimal in the single exponential server settings. This result holds (i) for minimizing any time-dependent, symmetric, and non-decreasing age penalty function; (ii) for minimizing any non-decreasing functional of the stochastic process formed by the age penalty function; and (iii) for the cases where different priority classes have distinct arrival traffic patterns, age penalty functions, and age penalty functionals. For example, the PP- MAF-LGFS scheduling policy is lex-age-optimal for minimizing the mean peak age of a high-priority stream and the time-average age of a low-priority stream. Numerical results are provided to illustrate our theoretical findings.

Published
2020

72. Climate Extreme Versus Carbon Extreme: Responses of Terrestrial Carbon Fluxes to Temperature and Precipitation

Author

Katja Frieler, Sebastian Ostberg, Jia Yang, Kazuya Nishina, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Thomas Hickler, Louis François, Hao Shi, Akihiko Ito, Philippe Ciais, Jinfeng Chang, Shufen Pan, Sibyll Schaphoff, Fang Zhao, Hanqin Tian, Jörg Steinkamp, Bojie Fu, Auburn University (AU), Mississippi State University [Mississippi], Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Liège, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Weather and climate, Aquatic Science, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystem, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Paleontology, Biosphere, Primary production, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Arid, chemistry, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Environmental science, Carbon
Abstract

International audience; Carbon fluxes at the land-atmosphere interface are strongly influenced by weather and climate conditions. Yet what is usually known as “climate extremes” does not always translate into very high or low carbon fluxes or so-called “carbon extremes.” To reveal the patterns of how climate extremes influence terrestrial carbon fluxes, we analyzed the interannual variations in ecosystem carbon fluxes simulated by the Terrestrial Biosphere Models (TBMs) in the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project. At the global level, TBMs simulated reduced ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP; 18.5 ± 9.3 g C m−2 yr−1), but enhanced heterotrophic respiration (Rh; 7 ± 4.6 g C m−2 yr−1) during extremely hot events. TBMs also simulated reduced NPP (60.9 ± 24.4 g C m−2 yr−1) and reduced Rh (16.5 ± 11.4 g C m−2 yr−1) during extreme dry events. Influences of precipitation extremes on terrestrial carbon uptake were larger in the arid/semiarid zones than other regions. During hot extremes, ecosystems in the low latitudes experienced a larger reduction in carbon uptake. However, a large fraction of carbon extremes did not occur in concert with either temperature or precipitation extremes. Rather these carbon extremes are likely to be caused by the interactive effects of the concurrent temperature and precipitation anomalies. The interactive effects showed considerable spatial variations with the largest effects on NPP in South America and Africa. Additionally, TBMs simulated a stronger sensitivity of ecosystem productivity to precipitation than satellite estimates. This study provides new insights into the complex ecosystem responses to climate extremes, especially the emergent properties of carbon dynamics resulting from compound climate extremes.

Published
2020
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73. Social stress in female Columbian ground squirrels: density-independent effects of kin contribute to variation in fecal glucocorticoid metabolites

Author

Peter Neuhaus, Claire Saraux, Célia Bordier, Curtis O. Bosson, Sebastian Sosa, Rudy Boonstra, Vincent A. Viblanc, F. Stephen Dobson, Rupert Palme, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Etudes Avancées de l’Université de Strasbourg (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Auburn University (AU), University of Calgary, University of Toronto [Scarborough, Canada], and University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Rodent, media_common.quotation_subject, Zoology, Biology, Territoriality, Stress, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Age, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Seasonal breeder, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Glucocorticoids, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Social stress, 05 social sciences, 16. Peace & justice, Social environment, Animal ecology, Kinship, Population density, Animal Science and Zoology, Philopatry, Social status, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Social interactions among conspecifics can have marked effects on individual physiology, especially through their modulation of the stress axis by affecting the production of adrenal glucocorticoids (GCs). Previous research has focused on how individual GC levels may be influenced by social status, but few studies have considered how the balance between positive (e.g. cooperation) and negative (e.g. competition) social interactions shape individual GC levels. A lack of association between individual GC levels and social factors may be confounded by opposite effects of social competition on the one hand and social cooperation on the other. We tested for these effects in the Columbian ground squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus), a colonial rodent. During the breeding season, females are exposed to territorial unrelated neighbors and to territorial, but more tolerant, close kin. On one hand, territoriality and competition for resources led us to predict a positive association between local colony density and female GC levels. On the other, higher tolerance of philopatric kin females and known fitness benefits led us to predict a negative association between kin numbers and female GC levels. We compared levels of fecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) in females at two different spatial scales during lactation: local (a female’s core territory during lactation, 30-m radius about her nest burrow) and colony-wide. At the local scale, female FCM levels were neither related to colony density nor to the number of co-breeding female kin, but FCM levels increased with age. At the colony scale, female FCM levels varied in a quadratic fashion with female kin numbers. FCM levels decreased by 15% from 0 to 1 co-breeding kin present and increased with > 1 kin present. Among females that had only one co-breeding kin present, daughters (and littermate sisters and mothers, but not significantly) led to a 14% reduction in FCM levels compared with females that had no kin. Our results reject the idea that local colony density is associated with increased GC levels this species, but indicate subtle (positive and negative) effects of kin on individual GC secretion. They further call into question the importance of the nature of social relationships in modulating the stress experienced by individuals. Few studies have tested how the balance between positive (e.g. cooperation) and negative (e.g. competition) social interactions shapes individual stress and glucocorticoid (GC) levels in group-living animals. In colonial Columbian ground squirrels, breeding females are exposed to territorial neighbors and to more tolerant close kin. We show that kin numbers have subtle (positive and negative) effects on female GC levels. Compared with breeding females with no kin, female GC levels decrease by 15% with the presence of a single co-breeding close relative, but increase with the presence of more than one co-breeding related female. Among females that have only one co-breeding kin, the presence of daughters (and littermate sisters and mothers, but not significantly) leads to a 14% reduction in female GC levels. Our results highlight how GC levels may be influenced by the specific nature of social relationships in group-living animals.

Published
2020
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74. Integrating mortality risks and theadaptiveness of hibernation

Author

Constant, Théo, Giroud, Sylvain, Viblanc, Vincent, Tissier, Mathilde, Bergeron, Patrick, Dobson, F, Habold, Caroline, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Bishop's University, and Auburn University (AU)

Subjects
time and energy allocation, Size, Life History, Trade off, temporal organization of activity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, activity pattern, predation, hibernator
Abstract

International audience; Low mortality rate is often associated with slow life history, and so far, has mainly been assessed through examinations of specificadaptations and lifestyles that limit mortality risk. However, the organization of activity time budgets also needs to beconsidered, since some activities and the time afforded for performing them may expose animals to higher mortality risks such asincreased predation and/or increased metabolic stress, including oxidative stress. We examined the extent of activity timebudgets contribution to explaining variation in life history traits in mammals. We specifically focused on hibernating speciesbecause of their marked seasonal cycle of activity/inactivity associated with very different mortality risks. Hibernation isconsidered a seasonal adaptation to prolonged periods of food shortage and cold. This inactivity period may also reduce bothextrinsic and intrinsic mortality risks, by decreasing exposure to predators and drastically reducing metabolic rate. In turn,reduction in mortality may explain why hibernators have slower life history traits than non-hibernators of the same size. Usingphylogenetically controlled models, we tested the hypothesis that longevity was positively correlated with the hibernation seasonduration (the time spent between immergence and emergence from the hibernaculum or den) across 82 different mammal species.We found that longevity increased significantly with hibernation season duration, an effect that was particularly strong in smallhibernators (< 1.5kg) especially for bats. These results confirm that hibernation not only allows mammals to survive periods ofenergy scarcity, but further suggest that activity time budgets may be selected to reduce mortality risks according to life historypace.

Published
2020

75. Recent global decline of CO$_2$ fertilization effects on vegetation photosynthesis

Author

Wenping Yuan, Dan Zhu, Wei He, Ivan A. Janssens, Mousong Wu, Benjamin Poulter, Jing M. Chen, Yongguang Zhang, Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Jordi Sardans, Josep Peñuelas, Ramdane Alkama, Hanqin Tian, Alessandro Cescatti, Elliott Campbell, Atul K. Jain, Joseph A. Berry, Markus Kautz, Etsushi Kato, Ning Zeng, Nicolas Vuichard, Philippe Ciais, Stephen Sitch, Rong Wang, Daniel S. Goll, William K. Smith, Pierre Friedlingstein, Vanessa Haverd, Sebastian Lienert, Songhan Wang, A. Wiltshire, Weimin Ju, Tanja G. M. Sanders, Danica Lombardozzi, Inken Krüger, Nanjing University (NJU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University of Antwerp (UA), Department of Global Ecology [Carnegie] (DGE), Carnegie Institution for Science, University of California (UC), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), University of Arizona, School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg - Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering [Shanghai], Fudan University [Shanghai], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science [College Park] (AOSC), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Forest Economics and Policy, School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn University (AU), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Augsburg (UNIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], University of California, Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], and University of Augsburg [Augsburg]

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Global warming, Carbon sink, Forcing (mathematics), Vegetation, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, Productivity (ecology), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A decline in the carbon fertilization effect One source of uncertainty in climate science is how the carbon fertilization effect (CFE) will contribute to mitigation of anthropogenic climate change. Wang et al. explored the temporal dynamics of CFE on vegetation photosynthesis at the global scale. There has been a decline over recent decades in the contribution of CFE to vegetation photosynthesis, perhaps owing to the limiting effects of plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. This declining trend has not been adequately accounted for in carbon cycle models. CFE thus has limitations for long-term mitigation of climate change, and future warming might currently be underestimated. Science , this issue p. 1295

Published
2020
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76. Phylogenomic analyses reveal a Palaeozoic radiation and support a freshwater origin for clitellate annelids

Author

Bronwyn W. Williams, Scott R. Santos, Christer Erséus, Frank E. Anderson, Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Samuel W. James, Kevin M. Horn, Kenneth M. Halanych, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University [Carbondale] (SIU), North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Kentucky Wesleyan College, Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Auburn University (AU), Maharishi University of Management [Fairfield], Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Naididae, Clitellata, Annelida, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Monophyly, ancestral state reconstruction, Genetics, 14. Life underwater, Clade, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Phylogenetic tree, phylogenomics, Branchiobdellida, Enchytraeidae, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Clitellata is a major clade of Annelida comprising nearly all freshwater and terrestrial annelids as well as several marine species. We investigated clitellate phylogenetic relationships using transcriptomes sampled from 74 taxa (64 clitellates and 10 poly- chaetes), including multiple representatives of nearly all major clitellate higher taxa (Branchiobdellida, Capilloventridae, Crassiclitellata, Enchytraeidae, Haplotaxidae, Hirudinida, Lumbriculida, Moniligastridae, Naididae, Parvidrilidae, Phreodrilidae, Propappidae and Randiellidae). We used a number of filtered data matrices and phylogenetic analyses to examine the effects of data partitioning, missing data and compositional and branch-length heterogeneity and used the resulting phylogenies for divergence time estimation and ancestral habitat reconstructions. All analyses and filtering methods produced a consistent, strongly supported topology in which (a) Enchytraeidae, Hirudinida, Hirudinea (here, Branchiobdellida plus Hirudinida), Lumbriculida, Lumbriculata (Lumbriculida plus Hirudinea), Phreodrilidae and Naididae are monophyletic, (b) a Parvidrilidae + Randiellidae clade is sister to the rest of Clitellata, (c) Phreodrilidae is sister to Naididae, (d) Haplotaxidae is non-mono- phyletic, with some haplotaxids grouping with Crassiclitellata + Moniligastridae, (e) the Phreodrilidae + Naididae clade is sister to all other clitellates except Parvidrilidae + Randiellidae and Capilloventridae, and (f) Lumbriculata is sister to the Crassiclitellata + Moniligastridae + Haplotaxidae (in part) clade. Ancestral habitat reconstructions and divergence time analysis suggested that the most recent common ancestor of Clitellata lived in freshwater during the Devonian (419–359 million years ago) and that all major extant clitellate lineages arose over the next ~150 million years, with multiple lineages subsequently returning to marine habitats or invading land. This study provides a phylogenetic framework for further investi- gation of the geological, environmental and biotic forces and genomic changes that may have impacted clitellate evolution and enabled several major habitat transitions within this group.

Published
2020
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77. H-2-He collisions: Ab initio theory meets cavity-enhanced spectra

Author

Jin Wang, Yan Tan, M. Konefał, Daniel Lisak, Konrad Patkowski, Piotr Wcisło, Alain Campargue, Roman Ciuryło, Michał Słowiński, Hubert Jóźwiak, An-Wen Liu, Piotr S. Żuchowski, Samir Kassi, Shui-Ming Hu, Franck Thibault, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Auburn University (AU), Polish National Science Centre [2017/26/D/ST2/00371, 2015/19/D/ST2/02195, 2018/31/B/ST2/00720, 2015/18/E/ST2/00585, 2015/19/B/ST4/02707], 'A next-generation worldwide quantum sensor network with optical atomic clocks' project - European Union under the European Regional Development Fund, National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [21688102], Agence Nationale de la RechercheFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [Equipex REFIMEVE+ANR-11-EQPX-0039], U.S. National Science Foundation CAREER awardNational Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1351978], Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange under the PHC Polonium program [PPN/X/PS/318/2018], COST Grant [CM1405 Action CM1405 MOLIM], ANR-11-EQPX-0039,REFIMEVE+,RESEAU FIBRE METROLOGIQUE A VOCATION EUROPEENNE +(2011), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Dephasing, Reference data (financial markets), Ab initio theory, Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, 0103 physical sciences, Potential energy surface, Atomic and molecular collisions, Atomic physics, Quantum dynamics, 010306 general physics, Molecular physics, Quantum, Line profiles
Abstract

International audience; Fully quantum ab initio calculations of the collision-induced shapes of two rovibrational H-2 lines perturbed by He provide an unprecedented subpercent agreement with ultra-accurate cavity-enhanced measurements. This level of consistency between theory and experiment hinges on a highly accurate potential energy surface and a realistic treatment of the velocity changing and dephasing collisions. In addition to the fundamental importance, these results show that ab initio calculations can provide reference data for spectroscopic studies of planet atmospheres at the required accuracy level and can be used to populate spectroscopic line-by-line databases.

Published
2020
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78. Enhanced regional terrestrial carbon uptake over Korea revealed by atmospheric CO 2 measurements from 1999 to 2017

Author

Su-Jong Jeong, Stephen Sitch, Etsushi Kato, Pierre Friedlingstein, Jeongmin Yun, Hoonyoung Park, Haeyoung Lee, Danica Lombardozzi, Chang-Hoi Ho, Junjie Liu, Atual Jain, Hanqin Tian, Nicolas Vuichard, Andy Wiltshire, Sebastian Lienert, Ning Zeng, Sönke Zaehle, Vanessa Haverd, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Seoul] (SEES), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Auburn University (AU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Universität Bern [Bern], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical transport model, NDVI, GEOS-Chem, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Carbon cycle, carbon cycle, Republic of Korea, TRENDY, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, atmospheric CO2 measurements, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, terrestrial carbon flux, Carbon sink, Primary production, terrestrial ecosystems, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, Carbon, CT2017
Abstract

International audience; Understanding changes in terrestrial carbon balance is important to improve our knowledge of the regional carbon cycle and climate change. However, evaluating regional changes in the terrestrial carbon balance is challenging due to the lack of surface flux measurements. This study reveals that the terrestrial carbon uptake over the Republic of Korea has been enhanced from 1999 to 2017 by analyzing long‐term atmospheric CO2 concentration measurements at the Anmyeondo Station (36.53°N, 126.32°E) located in the western coast. The influence of terrestrial carbon flux on atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ΔCO2) is estimated from the difference of CO2 concentrations that were influenced by the land sector (through easterly winds) and the Yellow Sea sector (through westerly winds). We find a significant trend in ΔCO2 of −4.75 ppm per decade (p < .05) during the vegetation growing season (May through October), suggesting that the regional terrestrial carbon uptake has increased relative to the surrounding ocean areas. Combined analysis with satellite measured normalized difference vegetation index and gross primary production shows that the enhanced carbon uptake is associated with significant nationwide increases in vegetation and its production. Process‐based terrestrial model and inverse model simulations estimate that regional terrestrial carbon uptake increases by up to 18.9 and 8.0 Tg C for the study period, accounting for 13.4% and 5.7% of the average annual domestic carbon emissions, respectively. Atmospheric chemical transport model simulations indicate that the enhanced terrestrial carbon sink is the primary reason for the observed ΔCO2 trend rather than anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric circulation changes. Our results highlight the fact that atmospheric CO2 measurements could open up the possibility of detecting regional changes in the terrestrial carbon cycle even where anthropogenic emissions are not negligible.

Published
2020
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79. Direct and seasonal legacy effects of the 2018 heat wave and drought on European ecosystem productivity

Author

Julia Pongratz, Atul K. Jain, P. Ciais, Markus Reichstein, Tammas Loughran, Pierre Friedlingstein, Peter Anthoni, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Zheng Fu, Almut Arneth, Sebastian Lienert, Patrick C. McGuire, Lei Fan, Ana Bastos, Jürgen Knauer, Hanqin Tian, Sönke Zaehle, Emilie Joetzjer, Nicolas Viovy, Stephen Sitch, Ulrich Weber, Vanessa Haverd, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), University of Exeter, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Department of Global Ecology [Carnegie] (DGE), Carnegie Institution for Science, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), Auburn University (AU), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern]

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Summer heat, 530 Physics, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), Ecosystem carbon, ddc:550, Ecosystem, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Water content, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Climatology, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, fungi, SciAdv r-articles, food and beverages, Vegetation composition, 15. Life on land, Heat wave, Earth sciences, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Environmental science, Research Article
Abstract

Ecosystems responded asymmetrically to the 2018 European drought., In summer 2018, central and northern Europe were stricken by extreme drought and heat (DH2018). The DH2018 differed from previous events in being preceded by extreme spring warming and brightening, but moderate rainfall deficits, yet registering the fastest transition between wet winter conditions and extreme summer drought. Using 11 vegetation models, we show that spring conditions promoted increased vegetation growth, which, in turn, contributed to fast soil moisture depletion, amplifying the summer drought. We find regional asymmetries in summer ecosystem carbon fluxes: increased (reduced) sink in the northern (southern) areas affected by drought. These asymmetries can be explained by distinct legacy effects of spring growth and of water-use efficiency dynamics mediated by vegetation composition, rather than by distinct ecosystem responses to summer heat/drought. The asymmetries in carbon and water exchanges during spring and summer 2018 suggest that future land-management strategies could influence patterns of summer heat waves and droughts under long-term warming.

Published
2020
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80. Comparing fitness measures and the influence of age of first reproduction in Columbian ground squirrels

Author

F. Stephen Dobson, Jan O. Murie, Bertram Zinner, Vincent A. Viblanc, Kristin K Rubach, Department of Biological Sciences [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics and Statistics [Auburn] (DMS), and University of Alberta

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Litter (animal), Hibernation, Offspring, media_common.quotation_subject, Leslie matrix, Population, lifetime reproductive success, Biology, age at first reproduction, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Columbian ground squirrels, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Reproductive success, individual fitness, Fecundity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Reproduction, Demography
Abstract

The timing of life-history traits may have strong influences on the evolution of life cycles and on population demography. This is especially true of the age at which females first reproduce (Cole’s principle). We examined whether the age at which females first reproduce influences fitness in Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus), for which females varied in the age at which they initially produce weaned offspring, from ages 1 through 5 years. With 148 females with complete known life spans in a 28-year data set, we examined four fitness measures: individual fitness (λ ind), individual fitness relative to the pattern of growth of the population (λ rel), lifetime reproductive success (LRS), and LRS relative to the total LRS for each female’s cohort (LRSrel). These metrics were calculated for offspring produced at the time of weaning and offspring that survived to emerge after their first hibernation period. Individual fitness (λ ind) was significantly associated with population growth during a female’s lifetime (λ Leslie; R2 = 0.523, P < 0.0001), indicating the need to adjust individual fitness for demonstrated changes in population growth and thus producing a relative individual fitness index (λ rel). We regressed λ rel on age at first reproduction, and found significant selection favoring earlier reproductive success (β ± SE = −0.20 ± 0.06; R2 = 0.306, P < 0.0001). When using an earlier (offspring at weaning) versus later (those that survived their first hibernation) measure of fecundity, we found that the latter introduced considerable variation, likely environmental, into the estimate of selection. This greatly weakened the regression of relative fitness on the age at first successful reproduction. LRS and LRSrel exhibited nonsignificant changes with age at first reproduction. Finally, those females that reproduced successfully at younger ages had similar litter sizes but significantly shorter life spans than females that matured when older, perhaps reflecting costs to early reproduction.

Published
2020
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81. Revisiting enteric methane emissions from domestic ruminants and their δ13CCH4 source signature

Author

Philippe Ciais, Jinfeng Chang, Philippe Bousquet, Shushi Peng, Marielle Saunois, Petr Havlik, Mario Herrero, Shree R. S. Dangal, Hanqin Tian, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Auburn University (AU), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Stable isotope analysis, Atmospheric chemistry, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Methane, Enteric methane, 03 medical and health sciences, Isotopic signature, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enteric fermentation, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 2. Zero hunger, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, δ13C, business.industry, Atmospheric methane, Fossil fuel, Carbon cycle, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Livestock, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Accurate knowledge of 13C isotopic signature (δ13C) of methane from each source is crucial for separating biogenic, fossil fuel and pyrogenic emissions in bottom-up and top-down methane budget. Livestock production is the largest anthropogenic source in the global methane budget, mostly from enteric fermentation of domestic ruminants. However, the global average, geographical distribution and temporal variations of the δ13C of enteric emissions are not well understood yet. Here, we provide a new estimation of C3-C4 diet composition of domestic ruminants (cattle, buffaloes, goats and sheep), a revised estimation of yearly enteric CH4 emissions, and a new estimation for the evolution of its δ13C during the period 1961–2012. Compared to previous estimates, our results suggest a larger contribution of ruminants’ enteric emissions to the increasing trend in global methane emissions between 2000 and 2012, and also a larger contribution to the observed decrease in the δ13C of atmospheric methane., Global average, geographical distribution and temporal variations of the 13C isotopic signature of enteric fermentation emissions are not well understood. Here the authors established a global dataset and show a larger emission increase between the two periods (2002–2006 and 2008–2012) than previous studies.

Published
2019
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82. The PROFOUND database for evaluating vegetation models and simulating climate impacts on forests

Author

Christopher P. O. Reyer, Ramiro Silveyra Gonzalez, Klara Dolos, Florian Hartig, Ylva Hauf, Matthias Noack, Petra Lasch-Born, Thomas Rötzer, Hans Pretzsch, Henning Mesenburg, Stefan Fleck, Markus Wagner, Andreas Bolte, Tanja G. M. Sanders, Pasi Kolari, Annikki Mäkelä, Timo Vesala, Ivan Mammarella, Jukka Pumpanen, Alessio Collalti, Carlo Trotta, Giorgio Matteucci, Ettore D'Andrea, Lenka Foltýnová, Jan Krejza, Andreas Ibrom, Kim Pilegaard, Denis Loustau, Jean-Marc Bonnefond, Paul Berbigier, Delphine Picart, Sébastien Lafont, Michael Dietze, David Cameron, Massimo Vieno, Hanqin Tian, Alicia Palacios-Orueta, Victor Cicuendez, Laura Recuero, Klaus Wiese, Matthias Büchner, Stefan Lange, Jan Volkholz, Hyungjun Kim, Graham P. Weedon, Justin Sheffield, Iliusi Vega del Valle, Felicitas Suckow, Joanna A. Horemans, Simon Martel, Friedrich Bohn, Jörg Steinkamp, Alexander Chikalanov, Mats Mahnken, Martin Gutsch, Katja Frieler, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), University of Regensburg, Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Partenaires INRAE, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Research Institute, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, University of Helsinki, University of Eastern Finland, Institute for agriculture and forestry systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Tuscia University, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Auburn University (AU), Technical University of Madrid, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Princeton University, University of Antwerp (UA), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, and University of Library Study and Information Technology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 13. Climate action, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

Process-based vegetation models are widely used to predict local and global ecosystem dynamics and climate change impacts. Due to their complexity, they require careful parameterization and evaluation to ensure that projections are accurate and reliable. The PROFOUND Database (PROFOUND DB) provides a wide range of empirical data to calibrate and evaluate vegetation models that simulate climate impacts at the forest stand scale. A particular advantage of this database is its wide coverage of multiple data sources at different hierarchical and temporal scales, together with environmental driving data as well as the latest climate scenarios. Specifically, the PROFOUND DB provides general site descriptions, soil, climate, CO2, nitrogen deposition, tree and forest stand-level, as well as remote sensing data for nine contrasting forest stands distributed across Europe. Moreover, for a subset of five sites, time series of carbon fluxes, atmospheric heat conduction, and soil water are also available. The climate and nitrogen deposition data contain several datasets for the historic period and a wide range of future climate change scenarios following the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5). We also provide pre-industrial climate simulations that allow for model runs aimed at disentangling the contribution of climate change to observed forest productivity changes. The PROFOUND DB is available freely as a SQLite relational database or ASCII flat file version (at https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.008). The data policies of the individual, contributing datasets are provided in the metadata of each data file. The PROFOUND DB can also be accessed via the ProfoundData R-package (https://github.com/COST-FP1304-PROFOUND/ProfoundData), which provides basic functions to explore, plot, and extract the data for model set-up, calibration and evaluation.

Published
2019
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83. The Hessian polynomial and the Jacobian ideal of a reduced hypersurface in $\mathbb{P}^n$

Author

Busé, Laurent, Dimca, Alexandru, Schenck, Hal, Sticlaru, Gabriel, AlgebRe, geOmetrie, Modelisation et AlgoriTHmes (AROMATH), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics and Statistics [Auburn] (DMS), Auburn University (AU), Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics [Constanta], Ovidius University of Constanta, This work has been partially supported by the French government,through the UCAJEDIInvestments in the Future project managed by the National Research Agency (ANR) with thereference number ANR-15-IDEX-01 and by the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation,CNCS - UEFISCDI, grant PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0030, within PNCDI III., ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, homogeneous polynomial, Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry, Jacobian ideal, [MATH.MATH-AC]Mathematics [math]/Commutative Algebra [math.AC], FOS: Mathematics, Milnor algebra, [MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Commutative Algebra (math.AC), Mathematics - Commutative Algebra, Algebraic Geometry (math.AG), Hessian polynomial, Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity
Abstract

For a reduced hypersurface $V(f) \subseteq \mathbb{P}^n$ of degree $d$, the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the Milnor algebra $M(f)$ is well understood when $V(f)$ is smooth, as well as when $V(f)$ has isolated singularities. We study the regularity of $M(f)$ when $V(f)$ has a positive dimensional singular locus. In certain situations, we prove that the regularity is bounded by $(d-2)(n+1)$, which is the degree of the Hessian polynomial of $f$. However, this is not always the case, and we prove that in $\mathbb{P}^n$ the regularity of the Milnor algebra can grow quadratically in $d$., v.4: Final version, to appear in Advances in Mathematics

Published
2019
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84. Spectrophotometric variegation of the layering in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by OSIRIS

Author

Cesare Barbieri, W-H. Ip, Pedro J. Gutiérrez, Jakob Deller, Björn Davidsson, D. Bodewits, Gloria Tognon, R. Rodrigo, F. La Forgia, V. Petropoulou, Philippe Lamy, Prasanna Deshapriya, H. U. Keller, Cecilia Tubiana, M. A. Barucci, Holger Sierks, V. Da Deppo, Carsten Güttler, Matteo Massironi, Marco Fulle, Imre Toth, Michel Franceschi, Sabrina Ferrari, Giampiero Naletto, Alice Lucchetti, Detlef Koschny, M. De Cecco, E. Frattin, Sonia Fornasier, J. J. Lopez-Moreno, Monica Lazzarin, Maurizio Pajola, Ivano Bertini, Luca Penasa, Luisa Lara, Francesca Ferri, Francesco Marzari, Pamela Cambianica, Jean-Loup Bertaux, Gabriele Cremonese, Stefano Debei, Xian Shi, Stefano Mottola, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), IMPEC - LATMOS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Tognon, Gloria, Ferrari, S., Penasa, L., La Forgia, F., Massironi, M., Naletto, G., Lazzarin, M., Cambianica, P., Lucchetti, A., Pajola, M., Ferri, F., Güttler, C., Davidsson, B., Deshapriya, P., Fornasier, S., Mottola, S., Tóth, I., Sierks, H., Lamy, P. L., Rodrigo, R., Koschny, D., Barbieri, C., Barucci, M. A., Bertaux, J. -L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, V., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Franceschi, M., Frattin, E., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, P. J., Ip, W. -H., Keller, H. U., Lara, L. M., López-Moreno, J. J., Marzari, F., Petropoulou, V., Shi, X., and Tubiana, C.

Subjects
Brightness, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Outcrop, Multispectral image, Narrow angle, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, WATER ICE, NUCLEUS, individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [Comets], Methods: data analysis, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], medicine, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Physics, Multispectral data, biology, general [Comets], Astronomy and Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, Lobe, Comets: general, medicine.anatomical_structure, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], comets: general – comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko – methods: data analysis, Osiris, Layering, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Between August 2014 and September 2016, the ESA space mission Rosetta escorted comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) during its perihelion passage. The onboard OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) acquired high-resolution multispectral images of the cometary surface. These datasets allowed a characterization of the spectrophotometric variegation of the layering of the large lobe, correlated with the layer structural elevation. Aims. We perform a spectrophotometric characterization of the outcropping stratification of the small lobe of 67P as a function of its structural elevation, and consequently, a spectrophotometric comparison of the layered outcrops of the two lobes. Methods. We selected two sequences of post-perihelion OSIRIS NAC images (similar to 2.4 au outbound to the Sun), from which we built up two multispectral images, framing an extended geological section of the onion-like stratification of the small lobe. Then we classified the consolidated areas of the outcropping and the relative coarse deposits that were identified in the multispectral data with a two-class maximum likelihood method. For this, we defined the classes as a function of the structural elevation of the surface. Results. As a result, we identified a brightness variegation of the surface reflectance that is correlated with the structural elevation. The outer class, which is located at higher elevations, appears darker than the inner class. This fits previously obtained results for the large lobe. The reflectance values of the nucleus of 67P tend to decrease with increasing structural elevation. Conclusions. The observed spectrophotometric variegation can be due to a different texture as well as to a different content of volatiles and refractories. We suggest that the outer outcrops appear darker because they have been exposed longer, and the inner outcrops appear brighter because the surface has been more effectively rejuvenated. We interpret this variegation as the result of an evolutionary process.© ESO 2019, We are grateful to Andrea Longobardo for suggestions and corrections that improved our paper. OSIRIS was built by a consortium of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, Gottingen, Germany, CISAS - University of Padova, Italy, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain, the Research and Scientific Support Department of the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain, the Universidad Politechnica de Madrid, Spain, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Uppsala University, Sweden, and the Institut fur Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze der Technischen Universitat Braunschweig, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), France (CNES), Italy (ASI), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged.

Published
2019
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85. Effects of ultraintense magnetic fields due to relativistic laser-plasma interactions on Langmuir-wave-caused dips in x-ray spectral line profiles

Author

Eugene Oks, P. Angelo, Elisabeth Dalimier, Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Work (thermodynamics), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010401 analytical chemistry, Resonance, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Magnetic field, Computational physics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Line (formation)
Abstract

GigaGauss (GG) or even multi-GG magnetic fields are expected to develop during relativistic laser-plasma interactions. In our previous paper we proposed a method for measuring GG magnetic fields based on the phenomenon of Langmuir-wave-cased dips (L-dips) in x-ray line profiles. The L-dips were observed in several experimental spectroscopic studies of relativistic laser-plasma interactions. Ultra-strong magnetic fields affect the separation of the L-dips from one another, so that this separation can be used to measure such fields. In the present paper we provide some new results concerning the effect of the ultra-strong magnetic fields on the separation between the L-dips. But the primary focus of the present paper is at another effect of the GG magnetic fields on the L-dips: we study how these ultra-intense magnetic fields affect the halfwidth of the L-dips. One of the results turns out to be counterintuitive: for the case of the two-quantum resonance, the halfwidth of the L-dips is a non-monotonic function of the magnetic field. By advancing the results of the previous work, the present paper expands the possibilities for measuring super-strong magnetic fields up to ~ 10 GG expected to arise during relativistic laser-plasma interactions.

Published
2019
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86. Caution Does Not Preclude Predictive and Testable Models of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: A Reply to Shropshire et al

Author

Denis Poinsot, John F. Beckmann, Hervé Merçot, Sylvain Charlat, Mylène Weill, Mark Hochstrasser, Hongli Chen, Mathieu Sicard, Manon Bonneau, Auburn University (AU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yale University [New Haven], Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE02-0006,CIAWOL,Bases moléculaire et cellulaire de la diversité phénotypique de l'incompatibilté cytoplasmique chez les insectes(2016), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Weill, Mylène, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Cytoplasm, 030306 microbiology, MEDLINE, Computational biology, Biology, Cell Physiological Phenomena, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cytoplasmic incompatibility, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019
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87. Xinfangfangia humi sp. nov., isolated from soil amended with humic acid

Author

John A. McInroy, Dominique Clermont, Alexis Criscuolo, Stefanie P. Glaeser, Hans-Jürgen Busse, Peter Kämpfer, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Auburn University (AU), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collection de l'Institut Pasteur (CIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Spermidine, Ubiquinone, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Diaminopimelic Acid, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, MESH: Rhodobacteraceae, Humic acid, MESH: Ubiquinone, Rhodobacteraceae, MESH: Spermidine, MESH: Putrescine, MESH: Phylogeny, Phospholipids, Phylogeny, Soil Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Base Composition, Phylogenetic tree, Strain (chemistry), Fatty Acids, General Medicine, Bacterial Typing Techniques, MESH: Fatty Acids, MESH: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Alabama, DNA, Bacterial, Xinfangfangia, MESH: Humic Substances, Diamino acid, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Microbiology, MESH: Bacterial Typing Techniques, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Base Composition, Cadaverine, Botany, Putrescine, MESH: Diaminopimelic Acid, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Humic Substances, MESH: Cadaverine, MESH: Phospholipids, Xinfangfangia humi, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 16S ribosomal RNA, MESH: DNA, Bacterial, MESH: Alabama, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, MESH: Soil Microbiology, Peptidoglycan
Abstract

International audience; Two slightly beige-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strains, IMT-291T and IMT-297, were isolated from soil in a field located in Malvern, Alabama, USA. The source soil had been amended with humic acid and continuously used for the cultivation of worms used for fish bait. It is still conceivable that the source of the strains is from the humic acid amendment, although all attempts to isolate the novel phenotypes from the humic acid source have failed. The two strains were identical based on morphology, growth rate and subsequently by 16S rRNA gene sequences, but showed differences in genomic fingerprint patterns generated by rep-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed a placement of the strain in a distinct cluster with Xinfangfangia soli (97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and in close proximity to the genus Falsirhodobacter with highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.3 % to the type strain of Falsirhodobacter deserti. Sequence similarities to all other type strains were below 95.0 %. The chemotaxonomic analysis showed a clear similarity to the genus Xinfangfangia. The main cellular fatty acids of the strain were C18 : 1 ω7c, 11-methly-C18 : 1 ω7c and C16 : 0. The major quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine were predominant in the polar lipid profile. The polyamine pattern contained the major compound spermidine and moderate amounts of putrescine and cadaverine. The diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses we propose a new species of the genus Xinfangfangia, with the name Xinfangfangiahumi sp. nov. and strain IMT-291T (=LMG 30636T=CIP 111625T=CCM 8858T) as type strain.

Published
2019
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88. Multidisciplinary analysis of the Hapi region located on Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Author

Wing-Huen Ip, Philippe Lamy, Carsten Güttler, F. La Forgia, Nilda Oklay, R. Rodrigo, Z. Y. Lin, Dennis Bodewits, Stefano Debei, V. Da Deppo, H. U. Keller, Luca Penasa, Jakob Deller, Maurizio Pajola, Alice Lucchetti, Gabriele Cremonese, Giampiero Naletto, Sonia Fornasier, Detlef Koschny, Marco Fulle, P. J. Gutierrez, M. De Cecco, Holger Sierks, J. J. Lopez Moreno, Francesco Marzari, J.-C. Lee, Matteo Massironi, F. Preusker, Ivano Bertini, Stubbe F. Hviid, Sabrina Ferrari, Imre Tóth, Jessica Agarwal, Pamela Cambianica, Xian Shi, Frank Scholten, Lorenza Giacomini, Jean-Loup Bertaux, M. A. Barucci, Stefano Mottola, Luisa Lara, Björn Davidsson, M. R. El Maarry, Clement Feller, Cecilia Tubiana, Monica Lazzarin, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Taoyuan City], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), Department of Mechanical Engineering [Padova], Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], Universita degli Studi di Padova-Universita degli Studi di Padova, University of Trento [Trento], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique [Bruxelles] (IAA), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Board, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Pajola, M. [0000-0002-3144-1277], Penasa, L. [0000-0002-6394-3108], Fornasier, S. [0000-0001-7678-3310], Lucchetti, A. [0000-0001-7413-3058], Vicent, J. B. [0000-0001-6575-3079], Naletto, G. [0000-0003-2007-3138], Barucci, M. A. [0000-0002-1345-0890], Bertaux, J. L. [0000-0003-0333-229X], Deller, J. [0000-0001-8341-007X], Fulle, M. [0000-0001-8435-5287], Güttler, C. [0000-0003-4277-1738], Tubiana, C. [0000-0001-8475-9898], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, PLANETO - LATMOS, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), and Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)

Subjects
Asteroiden und Kometen, statistical [Methods], Comet, individual (67P C-G) [Comets], Comets: individual (67P C-G), Methods: data analysis, Methods: statistical, 01 natural sciences, Methods statistical, Gravitational potential, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Southern Hemisphere, Physics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Multidisciplinary analysis, Planetengeodäsie, 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Comets Rosetta Hapi, Northern Hemisphere, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, methods: data analysis –methods: statistical – comets: individual (67P C-G), Space and Planetary Science, Ridge, individual: 67P C-G [Comets], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

By using the Rosetta/OSIRIS-NAC data set taken in 2014 August, we focus on the neck region, called Hapi, located on 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko's Northern hemisphere. The gravitational potential and slopes of Hapi, coupled with the geological unit identification and the boulder size-frequency distributions, support the interpretation that both taluses and gravitational accumulation deposits observable on Hapi are the result of multiple cliff collapses that occurred at different times. By contrast, the fine-particle deposits observable in the central part of the study area are made of aggregates coming from the Southern hemisphere and deposited during each perihelion passage. Both the consolidated terrains on the western part of Hapi, as well as the centrally aligned ridge made of boulder-like features, suggest that Hapi is in structural continuity with the onion-like structure of the main lobe of 67P. Despite the dusty blanket observable on Hapi, its terrains are characterized by water-ice-rich components that, once repeatedly and rapidly illuminated, sublimate, hence resulting in the strong jet activity observed in 2014 August.© 2019 The Author(s)., The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), Italy (ASI), France (CNES), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged.

Published
2019
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89. Transmission of Nipah Virus - 14 Years of Investigations in Bangladesh

Author

Ute Ströher, Birgit Nikolay, John D. Klena, Simon Cauchemez, Sharmin Sultana, Stephen P. Luby, Henrik Salje, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Emily S. Gurley, Sayma Afroj, Peter Daszak, Hossain M.S. Sazzad, Juliet R. C. Pulliam, M Jahangir Hossain, Mahmudur Rahman, A. K. M. Dawlat Khan, Stuart T. Nichol, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research [Dhaka, Bangladesh] (IEDCR), EcoHealth Alliance [New York], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Stellenbosch University, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Auburn University (AU), Stanford University, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Supported by a grant (2R01-TW005869) from the National Institutes of Health, by the CDC, by support from the Laboratory of Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (to Drs. Nikolay and Cauchemez), by support from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study Initiative (to Drs. Nikolay and Cauchemez), by support from the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005) (to Drs. Nikolay, Salje, and Cauchemez), by support from the AXA Research Fund (to Drs. Nikolay and Cauchemez), and by core or unrestricted support from the governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
Male, viruses, Nipah virus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Henipavirus Infections, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Body Fluids, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Risk Factors, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Risk Factors, MESH: Child, Zoonoses, Medicine, MESH: Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Nipah Virus, Child, Henipavirus Infections, Bangladesh, MESH: Middle Aged, Transmission (medicine), Age Factors, food and beverages, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Body Fluids, MESH: Young Adult, Female, MESH: Bangladesh, MESH: Zoonoses, Disease transmission, Adult, Adolescent, Virulence, MESH: Disease Transmission, Infectious, Article, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Animals, Humans, Zoonotic pathogen, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Nipah Virus, Outbreak, MESH: Adult, Virology, MESH: Male, Contact Tracing, business, MESH: Female, Contact tracing
Abstract

International audience; BackgroundNipah virus is a highly virulent zoonotic pathogen that can be transmitted between humans. Understanding the dynamics of person-to-person transmission is key to designing effective interventions.MethodsWe used data from all Nipah virus cases identified during outbreak investigations in Bangladesh from April 2001 through April 2014 to investigate case-patient characteristics associated with onward transmission and factors associated with the risk of infection among patient contacts.ResultsOf 248 Nipah virus cases identified, 82 were caused by person-to-person transmission, corresponding to a reproduction number (i.e., the average number of secondary cases per case patient) of 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.59). The predicted reproduction number increased with the case patient’s age and was highest among patients 45 years of age or older who had difficulty breathing (1.1; 95% CI, 0.4 to 3.2). Case patients who did not have difficulty breathing infected 0.05 times as many contacts (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.3) as other case patients did. Serologic testing of 1863 asymptomatic contacts revealed no infections. Spouses of case patients were more often infected (8 of 56 [14%]) than other close family members (7 of 547 [1.3%]) or other contacts (18 of 1996 [0.9%]). The risk of infection increased with increased duration of exposure of the contacts (adjusted odds ratio for exposure of >48 hours vs. ≤1 hour, 13; 95% CI, 2.6 to 62) and with exposure to body fluids (adjusted odds ratio, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 11).ConclusionsIncreasing age and respiratory symptoms were indicators of infectivity of Nipah virus. Interventions to control person-to-person transmission should aim to reduce exposure to body fluids. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)

Published
2019
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90. Na + /K + ‐ ATP ase gene duplications in clitellate annelids are associated with freshwater colonization

Author

Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Scott R. Santos, Bronwyn W. Williams, Christer Erséus, Frank E. Anderson, Kevin M. Horn, Kenneth M. Halanych, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Kentucky Wesleyan College, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University [Carbondale] (SIU), Research Laboratory, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Auburn University (AU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, biology, ATPase Gene, Clitellata, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Phylogenetics, Evolutionary biology, Molecular evolution, Gene duplication, Helobdella robusta, 14. Life underwater, Na+/K+-ATPase, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Major habitat transitions, such as those from marine to freshwater habitats or from aquatic to terrestrial habitats, have occurred infrequently in animal evolution and may represent a barrier to diversification. Identifying genomic events associated with these transitions can help us better understand mechanisms that allow animals to cross these barriers and diversify in new habitats. Study of the Capitella telata and Helobdella robusta genomes allows examination of one such habitat transition (marine to freshwater) in Annelida. Initial examination of these genomes indicated that the freshwater leech H. robusta contains many more copies (12) of the sodium–potassium pump alpha-subunit (Na + /K + -ATPase) gene than does the marine polychaete C. telata (2). The sodium–potassium pump plays a key role in maintenance of cellular ionic balance and osmoregulation, and Na + /K + -ATPase duplications may have helped annelids invade and diversify in freshwater habitats. To assess whether the timing of Na + /K + -ATPase duplications coincided with the marine-to-freshwater transition in Clitellata, we used transcriptomic data from 18 annelid taxa, along with the two genomes, to infer a species phylogeny and identified Na + /K + -ATPase gene transcripts in order to infer the timing of gene duplication events using tree-based methods. The inferred timing of Na + /K + -ATPase duplication events is consistent with the timing of the initial marine-to-freshwater transition early in the history of clitellate annelids, supporting the hypothesis that gene duplications may have played a role in the annelid diversification into freshwater habitats. © 2019 European Society For Evolutionary Biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2019 European Society For Evolutionary Biology

Published
2019
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91. First Comet Observations with NIRSPEC-2 at Keck: Outgassing Sources of Parent Volatiles and Abundances Based on Alternative Taxonomic Compositional Baselines in 46P/Wirtanen

Author

Nicolas Biver, Mohammad Saki, Michael A. DiSanti, Emily C. Martin, Kumar Venkataramani, Gregory Doppmann, Michael R. Combi, Geronimo L. Villanueva, Hideyo Kawakita, Boncho P. Bonev, Erika L. Gibb, Nathan Roth, Younas Khan, Martin A. Cordiner, Ronald J. Vervack, Jacques Crovisier, Adam J. McKay, Dennis Bodewits, Anita L. Cochran, Yinsi Shou, Neil Dello Russo, American University Washington D.C. (AU), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), GSFC Planetary Systems Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, W.M. Keck Observatory, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Kyoto Sangyo University, University of Missouri [St. Louis], University of Missouri System, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Catholic University of America, Auburn University (AU), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), McDonald Observatory, and University of Texas at Austin [Austin]

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comet, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Outgassing, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A major upgrade to the NIRSPEC instrument at the Keck II telescope was successfully completed in time for near-infrared spectroscopic observations of comet 46P/Wirtanen during its exceptionally close flyby of Earth in 2018 December. These studies determined the abundances of several volatiles, including C2H2, C2H6, CH3OH, NH3, HCN, H2CO, and H2O. Long-slit spatial distributions of gas rotational temperature and column density are diagnostic for the presence of icy grains in the coma and understanding if different volatiles are associated with common or distinct outgassing sources. These spatial distributions suggest that C2H2, C2H6, and HCN have a common outgassing source, whereas H2O and CH3OH have additional, more extended sources. The synergy of these findings with observations by space missions (Rosetta and EPOXI) motivates continuing studies to address whether or not C2H6, C2H2, and HCN have a common source of release (plausibly associated with CO2) in a larger sample of comets and whether systematic differences exist in the release of these species compared to H2O and CH3OH. Abundances of volatiles are reported relative to H2O, as traditionally done, as well as C2H6. While not unique, the choice of C2H6 demonstrates the value of extending the chemical taxonomy of parent volatiles in comets toward additional compositional “baselines” and, importantly, closer integration between coma abundances and the underlying volatile associations as revealed by spatial distributions. Our findings on composition and sources of outgassing include information relevant to future evaluations of 46P/Wirtanen as a prospective spacecraft target.

Published
2021
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92. Results of an international phosphorus digestibility ring test with broiler chickens

Author

Olayiwola Adeola, M.M. van Krimpen, Paul Bikker, E. Delezie, M. Umar Faruk, Sanna Steenfeldt, Wolfgang Siegert, Agnès Narcy, Charles M. Nyachoti, Karl Schedle, Oluyinka A. Olukosi, Markus Rodehutscord, William A. Dozier, B. Renouf, M. Witzig, A. Saiz Del Barrio, Cees Kwakernaak, Roselina Angel, A. Preynat, M. Francesch, S. M. Waititu, University of Hohenheim, Purdue University, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Auburn University (AU), DSM Nutritional Products France, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Schothorst Feed Res BV, Partenaires INRAE, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Adisseo France SAS, Euronutrition SAS, Trouw Nutrition R&D, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Producció Animal, and Nutrició Animal

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Posterior half, Animal Nutrition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Trial protocol, Soybean meal, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Phytate, 03 medical and health sciences, Starter, Animal science, phytate, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Animal Husbandry, phosphorus, Prececal digestibility, Variability, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, variability, Phosphorus, 0402 animal and dairy science, Broiler, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 040201 dairy & animal science, Animal Feed, Diervoeding, Diet, Calcium, Dietary, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, prececal digestibility, Broiler chickens, WIAS, Phosphorus, Dietary, Animal Science and Zoology, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Digestion, Soybeans, Chickens
Abstract

The objective of this ring test was to investigate the prececal phosphorus (P) digestibility of soybean meal (SBM) in broiler chickens using the trial protocol proposed by the World's Poultry Science Association. It was hypothesized that prececal P digestibility of SBM determined in the collaborating stations is similar. Three diets with different inclusion levels of SBM were mixed in a feed mill specialized in experimental diets and transported to 17 collaborating stations. Broiler chicks were raised on commercial starter diets according to station-specific management routine. Then they were fed the experimental diets for a minimum of 5 d before content of the posterior half of the ileum was collected. A minimum of 6 experimental replicates per diet was used in each station. All diets and digesta samples were analyzed in the same laboratory. Diet, station, and their interaction significantly affected (P < 0.05) the prececal digestibility values of P and calcium of the diets. The prececal P digestibility of SBM was determined by linear regression and varied among stations from 19 to 51%, with significant differences among stations. In a subset of 4 stations, the prececal disappearance of myo- inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate)-P; InsP6-P) also was studied. The prececal InsP6-P disappearance correlated well with the prececal P digestibility. We hypothesized that factors influencing InsP6 hydrolysis were main contributors to the variation in prececal P digestibility among stations. These factors were probably related to the feeding and housing conditions (floor pens or cages) of the birds in the pre-experimental phase. Therefore, we suggest that the World's Poultry Science Association protocol for the determination of digestible P be should extended to the standardization of the pre-experimental period. We also suggest that comparisons of P digestibility measurements among studies are made only with great caution until the protocol is more refined. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2017
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93. Testing the reproductive and somatic trade‐off in female Columbian ground squirrels

Author

Jan O. Murie, Kristin K Rubach, F. Stephen Dobson, Vincent A. Viblanc, Asheber Abebe, Mingyan Wu, Department of Biological Sciences [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), Department of Mathematics and Statistics [Auburn] (DMS), Department of Biological Sciences [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant, and National Science Foundation grant (DEB-0089473),CNRS projet International de Coopération Scientifique grant (PICS-07143)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Litter (animal), reproductive allocation, media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, Trade-off, Reproductive season, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Columbian ground squirrels, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Mass gain, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Original Research, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Capital breeding, Ecology, energy allocation, 030104 developmental biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, income breeding, lcsh:Ecology, Reproduction, Energy allocation, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Energetic trade-offs in resource allocation form the basis of life-history theory,which predicts that reproductive allocation in a given season should negatively affect future reproduction or individual survival. We examined how allocation of resources differed between successful and unsuccessful breeding female Columbian ground squirrels to discern any effects of resource allocation on reproductive and somatic efforts. We compared the survival rates, subsequent reprodction, and mass gain of successful breeders (females that successfully weaned young) and unsuccessful breeders (females that failed to give birth or wean young) and investigated “carryover” effects to the next year. Starting capital was an important factor influencing whether successful reproduction was initiated or not, as females with the lowest spring emergence masses did not give birth to a litter in that year. Females that were successful and unsuccessful at breeding in one year, however, were equally likely to be successful breeders in the next year and at very similar litter sizes. Although successful and unsuccessful breeding females showed no difference in over winter survival, females that failed to wean a litter gained additional mass during the season when they failed. The next year, those females had increased energy “capital” in the spring, leading to larger litter sizes. Columbian ground squirrels appear to act as income breeders that also rely on stored capital to increase their propensity for future reproduction. Failed breeders in one year “prepare” for future reproduction by accumulating additional mass, which is “carried over” to the subsequent reproductive season.

Published
2016
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94. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author

Brown, Peter, Tan, Aik-Choon, El-Esawi, Mohamed A., Liehr, Thomas, Blanck, Oliver, Gladue, Douglas, Almeida, Gabriel M. F., Cernava, Tomislav, Sorzano, Carlos, Yeung, Andy W. K., Engel, Michael S., Chandrasekaran, -., Muth, Thilo, Staege, Martin S., Daulatabad, Swapna V., Widera, Darius, Zhang, Junpeng, Meule, Adrian, Honjo, Ken, Pourret, Olivier, Yin, Cong-Cong, Zhang, Zhongheng, Cascella, Marco, Flegel, Willy A., Goodyear, Carl S., Raaj, Mark J., Bukowy-Bieryllo, Zuzanna, Campana, Luca G., Kurniawan, Nicholas A., Lalaouna, David, Huttner, Felix J., Ammerman, Brooke A., Ehret, Felix, Cobine, Paul A., Tan, Ene-Choo, Han, Hyemin M., Xia, Wenfeng F., Mc Crum, Christopher, Dings, Ruud P. M., Marinello, Francesco, Nilsson, Henrik, Nixon, Brett, Voskarides, Konstantinos, Yang, Long, Costa, Vincent D., Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, Bradshaw, William, Grimm, Dominik G., Kumar, Nitin, Martis, Elvis, Prieto, Daniel, Sabnis, Sandeep C., Amer, Said E. D. R., Liew, Alan W. C., Perco, Paul, Rahimi, Farid, Riva, Guiseppe, Zhang, Chongxing, Devkota, Hari P., Ogami, Koichi, Basharat, Zarrin, Fierz, Walter, Siebers, Robert, Tan, Kok-Hian, Boehme, Karen A., Brenneisen, Peter, Brown, James A. L., Dalrymple, Brian P., Harvey, David J., Ng, Grace, Werten, Sebastiaan, Bleackley, Mark R., Dai, Zhanwu, Dhariwal, Raman, Gelfer, Yael, Hartmann, Marcus D., Miotla, Pawel, Tamalan, Radu, Pragashnie Govender (nee' Naidoo), Gurney-Champion, Oliver J., Kauppila, Joonas H., Zhang, Xiaolei L., Echeverria, Natalia, Subhash, Santhilal, Salimon, Hannes, Tofani, Marco, Bae, Taeok, Bosch, Oliver, Cuiv, Paraic O., Danchin, Antoine, Diouf, Barthélémy, Eerola, Tuomas, Evangelou, Evangelos, Filipp, Fabian V., Klump, Hannes, Kurgan, Lukasz, Smith, Simon S., Terrier, Olivier, Tuttle, Neil, Ascher, David B., Janga, Sarath C., Alaux, Cédric, Zhou, Yaoq, Forano, Evelyne, Griffith University, University of Colorado, University of Colorado [Boulder], Tanta University, Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS (EBCL - USDA ARS), Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä], University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Graz University of Technology, Partenaires INRAE, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Hong Kong, University of Kansas, State University of New York (SUNY), Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Indiana University, Indiana University System, University of Reading (UOR), Dali University, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Schoen Clin Roseneck, University of Tsukuba, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, Henry Ford Hlth System, Zhejiang University, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, National Institutes of Health, University of Glasgow, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Universitad de Padua, Eindhoven University of Technology, IBMC, Heidelberg University, University of Notre Dame, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Auburn University (AU), KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH), University of Alabama, Department of Finance, University College of London [London] (UCL), Maastricht University [Maastricht], University of Arkansas, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Newcastle (UoN), University of Cyprus, Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU), National Institute of Mental Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Applied Sciences of Weihenstephan, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Bombay Coll. Pharm., Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Gem Hosp & Res. Ctr, Fac. Sci., Dept. Zool., Charles University, Innsbruck Medical University, Australian National University (ANU), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Shandong University, Kumamoto University, Nagoya University, University of Karachi, Labomed Zentrum Dr Risch, MED, Université ouverte de Grèce, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf [Düsseldorf], National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), University of Western Australia, La Trobe University, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Agr & Agroalimentaire Canada, St. George’s Hospital University, Max-Planck-Institut, Medical University in Lublin, National Institute of Research and Development for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies ICSI Rm. Valcea, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Institute of cancer research, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Wenzhou Medical University, Universidad de la República, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Hospital Bambino Gesù, University of Regensburg, Central Queensland University (CQU), Translat. Res. Inst., Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Durham University, University of Ioannina, Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Essen University Hospital, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé - Clermont Auvergne (MEDIS), and Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.

Published
2019
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95. Reclassification of Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Šutič 1957) Jones et al. 2006 as a later heterotypic synonym of Xanthomonas cynarae Trébaol et al. 2000 and description of X. cynarae pv. cynarae and X. cynarae pv. gardneri based on whole genome analyses

Author

Neha Potnis, Gerald V. Minsavage, Sujan Timilsina, Jeffrey B. Jones, Gary E. Vallad, M. Fischer-Le Saux, S. Kara, Marie-Agnès Jacques, Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Research Institute, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Auburn University (AU), and Gulf Coast Research and Education Center

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Xanthomonas, Sequence analysis, Virulence, tomato and pepper pathogen, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Pepper, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, sequence based taxonomy, Plant Diseases, Whole genome sequencing, Base Composition, Bract, Inoculation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, Bacterial Typing Techniques, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Synonym (taxonomy), emended species, Xanthomonas cynarae, Genome, Bacterial, artichoke, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract

International audience; Multilocus sequence analysis of Xanthomonas species revealed a very close relationship between Xanthomonas cynarae , an artichoke pathogen and Xanthomonas gardneri, a tomato and pepper pathogen. Results of whole genome sequence comparisons using average nucleotide identity between representative strains of X. gardneri and X. cynarae were well above the threshold of 95–96 %. Inoculations of X. gardneri strains in artichoke leaves caused mild disease symptoms, but only weak symptoms were observed in the bracts. Both X. cynarae and X. gardneri grew equally and caused typical bacterial spot symptoms in pepper after artificial inoculation. However, X. cynarae induced a hypersensitive reaction in tomato, while X. gardneri strains were virulent. Pathogenicity-associated gene clusters, including the protein secretion systems, type III effector profiles, and lipopolysaccharide cluster were nearly identical between the two species. Based on our results from whole genome sequence comparison, X. gardneri and X. cynarae belong to the same species. The name X. cynarae has priority and X. gardneri should be considered as a later heterotypic synonym. An emended description of X. cynarae (type strain=CFBP 4188T, =DSM 16794T) is given. However, due to the host specificity in artichoke and tomato, two pathovars, X. cynarae pv. cynarae and X. cynarae pv. gardneri, are proposed.

Published
2019
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96. The Toxin–Antidote Model of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: Genetics and Evolutionary Implications

Author

Sylvain Charlat, Denis Poinsot, Mark Hochstrasser, Hongli Chen, Manon Bonneau, Hervé Merçot, Mathieu Sicard, John F. Beckmann, Mylène Weill, Auburn University (AU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yale University [New Haven], Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Evolution des Génomes Eucaryotes (EGE), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Evolution Paris Seine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Génétique et évolution des interactions hôtes-parasites, Département génétique, interactions et évolution des génomes [LBBE] (GINSENG), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work benefited from funding by the US Department of Agriculture (grant USDA-1015922 to J.B.), the National Institutes of Health (grant GM046904 to M.H.), and the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR: CIAWOL grant to M.S., ANR-16-CE02-0006-01, HORIZON grant to S.C., ANR-17-CE02-0021-02)., ANR-16-CE02-0006,CIAWOL,Bases moléculaire et cellulaire de la diversité phénotypique de l'incompatibilté cytoplasmique chez les insectes(2016), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Evolution Paris Seine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS)

Subjects
Cytoplasm, selfish genetic elements, Antidotes, Bacterial Toxins, Vector Borne Diseases, Toxin-antidote, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Nuclease, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetics, Animals, Deubiquitylase, Symbiosis, Arthropods, Drosophila, Gene, Prophage, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, fungi, Gene Transfer Techniques, biology.organism_classification, Culicidae, Cytoplasmic Incompatibility, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Wolbachia, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, toxin–antidote systems, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cytoplasmic incompatibility
Abstract

International audience; Wolbachia bacteria inhabit the cells of about half of all arthropod species, an unparalleled success stemming in large part from selfish invasive strategies. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), whereby the symbiont makes itself essential to embryo viability, is the most common of these and constitutes a promising weapon against vector-borne diseases. After decades of theoretical and experimental struggle, major recent advances have been made toward a molecular understanding of this phenomenon. As pieces of the puzzle come together, from yeast and Drosophila fly transgenesis to CI diversity patterns in natural mosquito populations, it becomes clearer than ever that the CI induction and rescue stem from a toxin-antidote (TA) system. Further, the tight association of the CI genes with prophages provides clues to the possible evolutionary origin of this phenomenon and the levels of selection at play.

Published
2019
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97. Pronounced morphological changes in a southern active zone on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Pedro Hasselmann, Giampiero Naletto, Carsten Güttler, Horst Uwe Keller, Detlef Koschny, Philippe Lamy, J. M. Sunshine, J. D. P. Deshapriya, L. M. Lara, Francesco Marzari, M. De Cecco, S. Fornasier, R. Rodrigo, Holger Sierks, V. Da Deppo, Monica Lazzarin, G. Cremonese, Marco Fulle, Ivano Bertini, Björn Davidsson, Dennis Bodewits, P. J. Gutierrez, Cecilia Tubiana, Stefano Debei, Van H. Hoang, Xian Shi, M. A. Barucci, W-H. Ip, Clement Feller, J.-L. Bertaux, Dominique Bockelée-Morvan, J. J. Lopez-Moreno, Jakob Deller, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Institute of Physics [Hanoi], Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), University of Trento [Trento], ANR-17-CE31-0004,CLASSY,Composition des surfaces du Système Solaire de bas albédo(2017), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), IMPEC - LATMOS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA

Subjects
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko - methods, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comet, Individual, Astrophysics, Fault scarp, 01 natural sciences, Indirect evidence, individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [Comets], 0103 physical sciences, High spatial resolution, Comets, Active zone, miscellaneous [methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Miscellaneous, Physics, Comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Geodesy, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, methods: miscellaneous, Falling (sensation), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Production rate
Abstract

Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., A smooth deposit in the southern Khonsu region has been seen in ESA/Rosetta observations as active during the second half of 2015, when the southern summer coincided with the perihelion passage of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). Image color sequences acquired by the OSIRIS instrument in the period of January 2015 to July 2016, pre- and post-perihelion, show the occurrence of several small transient events as well as three massive outbursts (-10 to 1500 tons). High spatial resolution images taken one year and a half apart allowed us to track a variety of sources: the formation of cavities that are 1.3-14 m deep, ice-enriched patches, scarp retraction, and a second 50 m-wide boulder. We then estimated their masses and the dust mass of their corresponding plumes and outbursts. In particular, the deformation left by that boulder and its lack of talus may provide evidence for the lifting and subsequent falling back to the surface of large blocks. We calculate that a minimum vapor production rate of 1.4 x 10(24) m(-2) s(-1) is required to lift such an object. The comparison of the masses that are lost in the new cavities to the dust mass of outbursts gives indirect evidence of highly volatile ice pockets underneath. The spectrophotometric analysis and boulder counting also provides evidence for cavities that formed only 30 m apart with different spectral slopes, two long-standing ice patches, and local variations in the boulder-size frequency distribution. All this points to sub-surface ice pockets with different degrees of depth. Finally, the total mass of the morphological changes compared to most recent calculations of the total released mass by activity on 67P is estimated to be between 1.5 and 4.2%. This means that as many as about 25 similar active zones across the nucleus would be enough to sustain the entire cometary activity.© P. H. Hasselmann et al. 2019, P.H.H. would like to thank Alice Bernard for her support. This work was funded by the DIM-ACAV project (Ile-de-France). OSIRIS was built by a consortium of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, Gottingen, Germany, CISAS-University of Padova, Italy, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain, the Research and Scientific Support Department of the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain, the Universidad Politechnica de Madrid, Spain, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Uppsala University, Sweden, and the Institut fur Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze der Technischen Universitat Braunschweig, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), France (CNES), Italy (ASI), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. We acknowledge the financial support from the France Agence Nationale de la Recherche (programme Classy, ANR-17-CE31-0004).

Published
2019
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98. Unlocking the Capabilities of Future High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy Missions Through Laboratory Astrophysics

Author

Betancourt-Martinez, Gabriele, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Barret, Didier, Bautista, Manuel, Bernitt, Sven, Bianchi, Stefano, Bodewits, Dennis, Brickhouse, Nancy, Brown, Gregory V., Costantini, Elisa, Coreno, Marcello, López-Urrutia, José R. Crespo, Cumbee, Renata, Eckart, Megan, Ferland, Gary, Fiore, Fabrizio, Fogle, Michael, Foster, Adam, Garcia, Javier, Gorczyca, Tom, Grinberg, Victoria, Grosso, Nicolas, Gu, Liyi, Gu, Ming Feng, Guainazzi, Matteo, Hell, Natalie, Herder, Jan-Willem Den, Kaastra, Jelle, Kallman, Timothy, Lee, Julia, Leutenegger, Maurice, Marler, Joan, Mccammon, Dan, Nakashima, Shinya, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Paerels, Frits, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porquet, Delphine, Porter, F. Scott, Savin, Daniel Wolf, Sawada, Makoto, Shah, Chintan, Simionescu, Aurora, de Simone, Monica, Sosolik, Chad, Stancil, Phillip, Steinbrügge, René, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), Auburn University (AU), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of Kentucky (UK), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Columbia University [New York], Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Clemson University, University of Georgia [USA], Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi Roma Tre, University of Kentucky, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Thanks to high-resolution and non-dispersive spectrometers onboard future X-ray missions such as XRISM and Athena, we are finally poised to answer important questions about the formation and evolution of galaxies and large-scale structure. However, we currently lack an adequate understanding of many atomic processes behind the spectral features we will soon observe. Large error bars on parameters as critical as transition energies and atomic cross sections can lead to unacceptable uncertainties in the calculations of e.g., elemental abundance, velocity, and temperature. Unless we address these issues, we risk limiting the full scientific potential of these missions. Laboratory astrophysics, which comprises theoretical and experimental studies of the underlying physics behind observable astrophysical processes, is therefore central to the success of these missions., Comment: Science white paper submitted to the Astro2020 Decadal Survey

Published
2019
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99. The backscattering ratio of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko dust coma as seen by OSIRIS onboard Rosetta

Author

Pamela Cambianica, F. La Forgia, Jean-Loup Bertaux, P. J. Gutierrez, Alice Lucchetti, E. Frattin, Alessandra Rotundi, Detlef Koschny, Pedro Hasselmann, Xian Shi, Wing-Huen Ip, Giovanna Rinaldi, Philippe Lamy, Carsten Güttler, Giampiero Naletto, Stefano Mottola, Monica Lazzarin, Marco Fulle, J. J. Lopez Moreno, Sabrina Ferrari, Nafiseh Masoumzadeh, M. A. Barucci, H. U. Keller, D. Guirado, Imre Toth, V. Petropoulou, Gábor L. Kovács, Holger Sierks, Gabriele Cremonese, M. De Cecco, Cesare Barbieri, L. M. Lara, Björn Davidsson, Jakob Deller, Dennis Bodewits, S. Ivanovsky, Francesca Ferri, Cecilia Tubiana, Luca Penasa, Jessica Agarwal, Stefano Debei, Ivano Bertini, Maurizio Pajola, Olga Muñoz, Francesco Marzari, S. Fornasier, Matteo Massironi, F. Moreno, R. Rodrigo, V. Da Deppo, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Swedish National Space Agency, European Space Agency, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Universita degli Studi di Padova, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie [Napoli] (DIST), Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Fulle, M. [0000-0001-8435-5287], Tubiana, C. [0000-0001-8475-9898], Güttler, C. [0000-0003-4277-1738], Pajola, M. [0000-0002-3144-1277], Rinaldi, G. [0000-0002-2968-0455], Naletto, G. [0000-0003-2007-3138], Barucci, M. A. [0000-0002-1345-0890], Bertaux, J. L. [0000-0003-0333-229X], Deller, J. [0000-0001-8341-007X], Fornasier, S. [0000-0001-7678-3310], Penasa, L. [0000-0002-6394-3108], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), and Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737

Subjects
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Asteroiden und Kometen, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, photometry, Comet, data analysis, scattering –methods: data analysis – techniques: image processing – techniques: photometric – comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, techniques: image processing, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Photometry (optics), Scattering, techniques: photometric, individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [Comets], 0103 physical sciences, Churyumov–Gerasimenko, image processing [Techniques], data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, biology, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], scattering, methods: data analysis, techniques: image processing, techniques: photometric, comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Phase angle, scattering, photometric [Techniques], comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Astronomy and Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, methods: data analysis, image processing, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Drag, Temporal resolution, Inverse scattering problem, Osiris, individual: 67P [Comets], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Remote sensing observations of dust particles ejected from comets provide important hints on the intimate nature of the materials composing these primitive objects. The measurement of dust coma backscattering ratio, BSR, defined as the ratio of the reflectance at phase angle 0 ◦ and 30 ◦ , helps tuning theoretical models aimed at solving the inverse scattering problem deriving information on the nature of the ejected particles. The Rosetta/OSIRIS camera sampled the coma phase function of comet 67P, with four series acquired at low phase angles from 2015 January to 2016 May. We also added previously published data to our analysis to increase the temporal resolution of our findings. We measured a BSR in the range ∼ [1.7-3.6], broader than the range found in literature from ground-based observations of other comets. We found that during the post-perihelion phase, the BSR is systematically larger than the classical cometary dust values only for nucleocentric distances smaller than ∼ 100 km. We explain this trend in terms of a cloud of chunks orbiting the nucleus at distances < 100 km ejected during perihelion and slowly collapsing on the nucleus over a few months because of the coma gas drag. This also implies that the threshold particle size for the dust phase function to become similar to the nucleus phase function is between 2.5 mm and 0.1 m, taking into account previous Rosetta findings. © 2018 The Author(s)., The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR: Deutschen Zentrums fur Luft-und Raumfahrt), France (CNES: Centre national d' etudes spatiales), Italy (ASI: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), Spain (MEC: Ministry of Education& Science), Sweden (SNSB: Swedish National Space Board), and the European Space Agency (ESA) Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged.

Published
2019
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100. Diurnal variation of dust and gas production in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at the inbound equinox as seen by OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M on board Rosetta

Author

D. Bodewits, Lyn R. Doose, Giovanna Rinaldi, U. Fink, M. De Cecco, Ivano Bertini, Marco Fulle, Maria Teresa Capria, Anny Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, D. Bockelée-Morvan, Imre Toth, Luisa Lara, Sonia Fornasier, H. Krueger, Mauro Ciarniello, Vladimir E. Zakharov, Holger Sierks, Alessandra Migliorini, Gabriele Arnold, Andrea Longobardo, Carsten Güttler, X. Hu, Michelangelo Formisano, Francesco Marzari, Xian Shi, Wing-Huen Ip, Philippe Lamy, F. La Forgia, Stefano Mottola, Gabriele Cremonese, Detlef Koschny, Zhong-Yi Lin, David Kappel, Raphael Marschall, Fredric W. Taylor, V. Da Deppo, S. Ivanovski, J. J. López-Moreno, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Gianrico Filacchione, H. U. Keller, Stéphane Erard, M. C. De Sanctis, Jean-Loup Bertaux, J. Deller, Pedro J. Gutiérrez, Stefano Debei, R. Rodrigo, Jacques Crovisier, Giampiero Naletto, Björn Davidsson, Cecilia Tubiana, M. A. Barucci, Colin Snodgrass, Monica Lazzarin, Ludmilla Kolokolova, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, German Research Foundation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Government of Sweden, European Space Agency, l'Observatoire de Paris, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, Institut für Geodäsie und Geoinformationstechnik, Technische Universität Berlin (TU), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Universita degli Studi di Padova, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Institut für Physik und Astrophysik [Potsdam], Universität Potsdam, Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Technische Universität Berlin (TUB), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)

Subjects
Asteroiden und Kometen, 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Brightness, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comet, Comets, Data analysis, General, Individual, Methods, FOS: Physical sciences, Coma (optics), Spatial distribution, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Methods: data analysis, individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [Comets], 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], ddc:530, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Southern Hemisphere, Comet: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Diurnal temperature variation, Leitungsbereich PF, comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, general [Comets], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Comets: general, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.EP, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Longitude, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Open Access funding provided by Max Planck Society., On 27 April 2015, when comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was at 1.76 au from the Sun and moving toward perihelion, the OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M instruments on board the Rosetta spacecraft simultaneously observed the evolving dust and gas coma during a complete rotation of the comet.© C. Tubiana et al. 2019, OSIRIS was built by a consortium led by the Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, Gottingen, Germany, in collaboration with CISAS, University of Padova, Italy, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain, the Scientific Support Office of the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain, the Universidad Politechnica de Madrid, Spain, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Uppsala University, Sweden, and the Institut fur Daten-technik und Kommunikationsnetze der Technischen Universitat Braunschweig, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), France (CNES), Italy (ASI), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the Rosetta Science Ground Segment at ESAC, the Rosetta Mission Operations Centre at ESOC and the Rosetta Project at ESTEC for their outstanding work enabling the science return of the Rosetta Mission. VIRTIS was built by a consortium, which includes Italy, France, and Germany, under the scientific responsibility of the Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali of INAF, Italy, which also guides the scientific operations. The VIRTIS instrument development, led by the prime contractor Leonardo-Finmeccanica (Florence, Italy), has been funded and managed by ASI, with contributions from Observatoire de Meudon financed by CNES, and from DLR. We thank the Rosetta Science Ground Segment and the Rosetta Mission Operations Centre for their support throughout all the phases of the mission. The VIRTIS calibrated data will be available through the ESA's Planetary Science Archive Website (www.rssd.esa.int) and is available upon request until posted to the archive. We thank the following institutions and agencies for support of this work: Italian Space Agency (ASI, Italy) contract number I/024/12/1, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France), DLR (Germany), NASA (USA) Rosetta Program, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK).

Published
2019
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