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Herein, a magnetic nanocomposite is synthesized using ZIF-8, g-C3N4, and MnFe2O4 (g-C3N4/ZIF-8/MnFe2O4) as photocatalyst for the tetracycline hydrochloride photodegradation. Characterization of the nanocomposite was verified with various methods containing XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, elemental mapping, DRS, PL, and EIS. Then, its application as photocatalysts for the tetracycline hydrochloride degradation is studied under visible light illumination. Using this photocatalyst, after 60 min, the conversion of tetracycline hydrochloride, is measured to be 98.8%. Also, average apparent reaction rate constant of photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by g-C3N4/ZIF-8/MnFe2O4 nanocomposite was 9.7, 12.1, 15.6, 3.1, 3.7, and 4.8 times those of g-C3N4, ZIF-8, MnFe2O4, g-C3N4/ZIF-8, g-C3N4/MnFe2O4, and ZIF-8/MnFe2O4, respectively. In the radical scavenger, and ESR experiments, ˙OH, and h+ were exhibited to be major species in the photocatalytic degradation process. Furthermore, we proposed a mechanism for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by g-C3N4/ZIF-8/MnFe2O4 nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute Myeloid Leukemia is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal myeloid cells. Besides several other genetic abnormalities developed in AML, FLT3 mutations are significant due to their worse prognostic impacts and therapeutic resistance. As a result, these mutations enable AML cells to develop mechanisms for evading immune surveillance. Areas covered: This review discusses the ways of immune escape of FLT3-mutated AML cells. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering articles published between 2010 and 2024 with related keywords. The discussion covers AML cells' downregulation of immune recognition markers, expression of immune checkpoint proteins, and establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Specific attention is given to small extracellular vesicles and their participation in immune escape. The focus is on exosome-mediated pathways and possible combination therapies. Expert opinion: FLT3 mutations in AML represent a formidable therapeutic challenge due to their crucial role in immune evasion. Exosomes are major players in these processes. Combination therapies targeting the exosome pathway could significantly improve these patients' immune recognition and overall outcomes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms, including targeted therapies, will be required to transcend existing therapeutic limitations and push newer strategies in treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we searched for the exclusive electronic and adsorption properties of Ag4 cluster modified BSe based nanomaterials for the purpose of sensing glycine, hystidine and phenylalanine amino acids. Adsorption distances, band structures, difference in electron densities and interaction energies were calculated to understand the impact of amino acids adsorptions on the chemical reactivity of Ag cluster modified BSe nanostructures. Diverse configurations were inspected for the adsorption of amino acids to survey the effective bio interface through the interaction with diverse sites existing on the organic amino acid molecules. The interaction of all amino acids via O site was found to be critical for energetically favorable adsorption modes. The PDOS analysis also revealed the large interactions of the amino acids with the Ag cluster modified BSe nanosheets. Our theoretical DFT results suggested that Ag4 cluster modified BSe nanostructures held great potential for practical applications in biomolecular sensing of amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral cancer, including malignancies of the lip, and oral cavity, is associated with significant psychological distress, increasing the risk of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). Despite its severe morbidity and mortality, the prevalence of SI and SA and their associated risk factors remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prevalence of SI and SA among oral cancer patients and identify key psychosocial risk factors. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, with an initial search on August 13, 2024, and an update on December 19, 2024. Observational studies reporting SI and SA prevalence in oral cancer patients were included. Study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and statistical analyses were performed using R version 4.4. Pooled prevalence rates were calculated using a random-effects model, heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics, sensitivity analysis was performed using a leave-one-out approach, and publication bias was evaluated using Doi plots and LFK index values. Results: From 5,145 articles, 13 studies from Taiwan, South Korea, Canada, Germany, and the United States, involving 899,765 participants, were included. The pooled prevalence of SI was 13.08% (95% CI, 7.41–22.03) with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 65%), while SA prevalence was 0.32% (95% CI, 0.1–0.7) with high heterogeneity (I² = 99%). Key risk factors included depression (OR = 42.83), dysphoria (OR = 8.06), prior cancer history (OR = 4.53), rural residence, and male gender. Conclusion: This review revealed a substantial psychological impact faced by oral cancer patients, with notable prevalence rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Identifying major risk factors, such as depression and dysphoria, underscores the need for integrating tailored mental health interventions into routine oncological care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural world is a vast reservoir of exceptionally varied and inventive chemical compositions. Natural products are used as initial compounds to create combinatorial libraries by targeted modifications and then by analyzing their structure-activity connections. This stage is regarded as a crucial milestone in drug discovery and development. Bergenin, a naturally occurring secondary metabolite, has been extracted from several plant components. It is a constituent found in herbal and Ayurvedic preparations. It demonstrates antiviral, antifungal, antitussive, antiplasmodial, anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antiarrhythmic, antitumor, antiulcerogenic, antidiabetic, and wound healing activities. Bergenin efficiently inhibited the proliferation of human cancer cells by stimulating the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing DNA damage and leading to cell cycle arrest in the G1/G2 phases by blocking cell signaling pathways. More comprehensive reviews are needed on the anticancer properties of bergenin. Therefore, our review aimed to update the multifaceted benefits of bergenin to the future scientists and researchers, which can be leveraged to formulate safer and novel cancer therapies, while also establishing a robust framework for future investigations into bergenin in cancer treatment. More preclinical and clinical investigations are needed to validate the candidature of bergenin as a potent anticancer agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health concern in India, especially among households with children and young adolescents aged 6–17 years. Despite ongoing research, there is a knowledge gap regarding specific risk factors for TB within this demographic. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the association between TB and various socio-demographic factors, including socioeconomic status, nutritional status, and environmental conditions. Data and methods: Utilizing data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 4th and 5th round (2015-16 and 2019-21), this study conducted a comprehensive cross-sectional analysis. Unadjusted and Adjusted Logistic regression is utilized to identify key factors influencing TB. Furthermore, Wagstaff decomposition analysis is applied, to quantifying the factors that contributes to the inequalities in social determinants on the wealth-related inequality observed in the prevalence of TB. Results: The study observed a notable decline in TB prevalence from 1.7 to 1.2% among individuals from households having children and young adolescents aged 6–17 years. Additionally, factors like the use of unclean cooking fuel, lack of electricity, and unimproved toilet facilities were associated with increased TB prevalence. Wealth-based inequality in TB prevalence was also evident, with the burden falling disproportionately on poorer households. Unclean fuel is the most significant determinant of wealth-based inequality in TB, contributing to nearly 2/5th (18.5% in NFHS-4) of the observed inequality. Notably, gender did not significantly influence TB prevalence. Conclusion: The decline in TB prevalence in India correlates with improvements in socio-economic and living conditions, as evidenced by increased access to better housing, clean fuel, and sanitation facilities. The study underscores the need for integrated public health strategies that address both medical and socio-environmental determinants of TB. Improving socio-economic conditions, alongside targeted healthcare interventions, appears vital in reducing the TB burden in high-prevalence settings like India. This research emphasizes the importance of comprehensive approaches to combat pediatric TB, combining clinical care with enhancements in living standards and access to basic amenities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work explores the sensing capabilities of Cr and Cu modified WS2 nanosheets in detecting desflurane (C3H2F6O) molecule to search for the most efficient sensing nanomaterials. Adsorption of C3H2F6O molecule on the pristine and Cr/Cu modified WS2 nanosheets was studied using the density functional theory calculations. Desflurane was adsorbed from both oxygen and Fluorine active sites after the adsorption structures were fully optimized. The relaxed configurations were utilized for calculating geometrical and electronic properties such as adsorption energies, projected density of states and band structures. The negative adsorption energies indicated the stable adsorption of desflurane on the Cr and Cu modified WS2 nanosheets. The results also indicated that desflurane adsorption did not change the electronic properties of Cr and Cu modified WS2 considerably, except for some changes in the band gap interval. Based on spin-polarized calculations, both Cr and Cu modified WS2 monolayers magnetic and semiconducting properties. These findings suggested that Cr and Cu modified WS2 nanostructures are brilliant candidates for sensing C3H2F6O molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has re‐emerged as a significant global health concern, particularly during the widespread outbreak of 2022. As an orthopoxvirus related to the eradicated smallpox virus, mpox has been primarily managed with smallpox vaccines and treatments, including the antiviral agent Tecovirimat. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tecovirimat in treating mpox, focusing on its use during the 2022 outbreak, especially among high‐risk populations, including men who have sex with men and people living with HIV. We conducted a comprehensive search across databases, such as Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science, up to August 30, 2024. The selection involved a two‐stage review process utilizing the Nested Knowledge platform, which helped streamline the screening and data extraction. We included studies that focused on the clinical efficacy and safety of Tecovirimat in human patients with confirmed mpox infections. Our analysis mainly synthesized data narratively due to the heterogeneity of study designs and outcomes. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, providing data on 1031 mpox cases. The preliminary analysis of the PALM 007 RCT indicated that tecovirimat did not significantly outperform placebo in lesion resolution for all patients. Lesions healed faster than expected, regardless of tecovirimat or placebo treatment. A lower mortality rate of 1.7% among those enrolled in the PALM 007 RCT was observed, compared to the general mpox mortality rate of 3.6% or higher in the DRC. Observational studies revealed that early administration of Tecovirimat, especially within the first week of symptom onset, significantly improves symptom resolution, reduces the severity of the disease, and decreases the likelihood of hospitalization and complications in observational studies. However, the impact on viral clearance was inconsistent, and some studies suggested limited efficacy in severely immunocompromised patients. Regarding safety, Tecovirimat was generally well‐tolerated as indicated by the RCT; however, mild adverse effects such as fatigue, headache, and nausea were commonly reported among observational studies. Serious adverse events were rare but included elevated liver enzymes and psychiatric symptoms, particularly in patients with pre‐existing conditions. Tecovirimat demonstrates some potential benefits in treating mpox, particularly when administered early. The PALM 007 RCT failed to meet the efficacy point. Tecovirimat is generally well‐tolerated with a favorable safety profile, although monitoring is advisable for those with existing liver or renal conditions. Despite promising results, further large‐scale randomized controlled trials are needed to fully ascertain the drug's effectiveness across diverse populations and to explore its impact on viral clearance and transmission dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript presents the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of 4H-furo[3,4-b]pyran derivatives using a novel catalyst composed of an Fe3O4-supported Schiff base-Ni(II) complex. The incorporation of ultrasound technology significantly enhances the efficiency and yields of the reaction, highlighting a green chemistry approach to synthesizing these biologically significant compounds. The synthesized derivatives were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques to confirm their structural integrity and purity. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of the Fe3O4-supported complex was evaluated, demonstrating its effectiveness in promoting the reaction under mild conditions. This study not only highlights the potential of ultrasound-assisted methodologies in organic synthesis and emphasizes the usefulness of metal–organic frameworks in catalysis, paving the way for further exploration of sustainable synthetic strategies for complex organic molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus and transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes, is a growing public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Traditionally associated with febrile and hemorrhagic symptoms, recent research suggests a potential link between dengue and cognitive impairments. This systematic review assessed existing research to understand the association between dengue virus infection and cognitive impairments, including dementia, Alzheimer disease, memory loss, and confusion. This systematic review followed preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to January 18, 2024. Studies examining the prevalence and association of cognitive impairments in dengue patients were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using Nested Knowledge software and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of the 1129 articles identified, 5 were included in the review, covering a total of 200 873 participants from Taiwan, Brazil, and France. Evidence from population-based cohort studies indicated short-term cognitive impairments, including confusion and memory loss, in some dengue patients. Additionally, long-term risks of dementia, including Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia, were observed, particularly among older adults. Although the findings suggest there might be an association between dengue infection and cognitive decline, the mechanisms underlying this link remain unclear. This systematic review suggests that dengue virus infection may affect cognitive function in both acute and long-term contexts. However, the current evidence is not strong enough to establish a conclusive link. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal studies is essential to confirm the impact of dengue virus on cognitive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel nano‐magnetic catalyst, Fe3O4@SiO2‐APA‐amide/imid‐NiCl2, designed for the efficient production of 4H‐pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzothiazole derivatives under environmentally friendly, solvent‐free conditions. The catalyst combines magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a silica shell and functionalized amide and imidazole groups, which enhance its catalytic activity and stability. By optimizing the reaction conditions, we achieved high yields of the target compounds while minimizing the environmental impact. The catalyst's magnetic properties facilitate easy separation and recovery, making it an attractive option for sustainable organic synthesis. The successful synthesis of the catalyst was confirmed through comprehensive characterization techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that Fe3O4@SiO2‐APA‐amide/imid‐NiCl2 is a highly effective and reusable catalyst for the environmentally friendly synthesis of biologically relevant pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzothiazole derivatives, contributing to the advancement of green methodologies in organic chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-derived carbon dots (P-CDs) are gaining attention in environmental remediation due to their cost-effectiveness, availability, and lower toxicity compared with chemically synthesized carbon dots. This review comprehensively examines the recent advancements in the synthesis and application of P-CDs, with a particular emphasis on their efficacy in the sensing of heavy metals, which are among the most pervasive environmental contaminants. A detailed comparative analysis is presented by evaluating the performance of P-CDs against their chemically synthesized counterparts based on key parameters, such as optimal operating conditions and detection limits. Furthermore, sensing the potential of P-CDs towards every heavy metal ion has been discussed with in-depth mechanistic insights. Additionally, this review explores the industrial applications and future directions of P-CDs. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of -P-CDs for heavy metal sensing, aiming to enhance their sensitivity and selectivity toward heavy metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiation Heart Disease (RHD) results from thoracic radiotherapy and often necessitates Cardiothoracic Surgery (CTS). This study investigates the Long-Term Survival (LTS) of cardiac surgery patients with RHD. Objective: To evaluate the LTS outcomes for patients with RHD who have undergone cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: This cohort study involved 268 RHD patients and 400 control patients, matched by age, gender, and type/time of CTS. Most RHD patients had a history of Hodgkin lymphoma or breast cancer, with an average of 20 years to 22 years since radiation therapy. Mortality was analyzed using Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Analysis (MCPHA). Results: Clinical and surgical parameters, including all-cause mortality and preoperative STS score, were assessed. The mean STS score was comparable between RHD and control groups. RHD patients had a higher incidence of proximal coronary artery disease but lower rates of redo CTS compared to controls. Approximately two-thirds of patients in both groups underwent combined surgical procedures. Over an average follow-up period of 8 years, the RHD group had a significantly higher mortality rate compared to the control group. Higher mortality was linked to the absence of ß-blockers, a higher STS score, and RHD status in the MCPHA. Conclusions: RHD patients undergoing CTS have reduced LTS compared to non-RHD patients. Improved therapeutic strategies can be needed to enhance survival outcomes for RHD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A set of protocols termed Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) has been developed with home health care in consideration. There is inadequate evidence to support the subpar IPC practice adherence. The study's goal to use the human factors model to investigate how organizational, home environment and individual variables affect IPC behaviors, an increasing number of people are getting medical treatment in their homes as a result of an aging population along with a move towards community-based care. Method: In addition to handling complicated medical disorders, home health care nurses are essential in providing individualized and patient-centered treatment. Three major home care firms combined their 325 nurses to investigate the association between person, home environment as well as organizational variables and IPC adherence. (Mean=4.42, standard deviation=3.35) Nurses observed many obstacles to IPC activities in patients' homes. Result: The most common obstacles were an unclean workplace (71.4%) and clutter (75.6%), according to nurses. Nurses indicated that certain IPC supplies were hard to locate (central tendency=3.55 and dispersion=6.87). Like protecting hardware, IPC adherence was aided and hindered by factors related to the domestic setting and the accessibility to IPC materials. With home environment obstacles and IPC supplies present, adhering to IPC was unaffected by agency-provided decision-making tools as well as training. Conclusion: Findings of this study highlights the need to make IPC supplies more readily available and eliminate household impediments as crucial elements of IPC adherence strategies. On another front, the present study suggests IPC strategies might also be useful in oncology therapies, which might be evolving rapidly over the last few years. This could be significant in the supportive or palliative care patients receiving cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular recognition remains one of the most desirable means of cellular communication. Each cell offers a unique surface pattern of biomolecules that makes it very specific about the nature of molecules that interact with the cell. Protein–glycan interaction has been one of the most common forms of cell signaling. Glycans expressed on the cell surface interact with an exogenous protein, and in many cases lead to a physiological response. These carbohydrate‐binding proteins, commonly known as lectins, are very specific to the glycan they bind to. An exogenous lectin interacting with an animal cell surface glycan is generally studied using the classical hemagglutination assay. However, this method presents certain challenges that make it imperative to design and develop novel methods that are more specific and efficient in their interaction. In the last decade, a few methods have been developed to analyze more diverse reactions and use a lesser amount of sample. In some cases, the processing of the sample is also reduced. This review discusses how the methods have evolved over the decades and how they have reduced error while becoming more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]