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ObjectiveTo observe the duration of anesthesia in C57BL/6J mice anesthetized using different doses of Zoletil combined with serazine hydrochloride to provide an effective reference for all types of mouse surgery and related experimental design.MethodsOne hundred C57BL/6J mice (half male and female) were randomly divided into five groups, with 20 mice (half male and female) in each group. The mice in the four groups were intraperitoneally injected with 55 mg/kg Zoletil and 13.75 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, 65 mg/kg Zoletil and 16.25 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, 75 mg/kg Zoletil and 18.75 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, or 85 mg/kg Zoletil and 21.25 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, respectively. After the righting reflex stopped, one drop (about 20 µL) was injected into each eye, and the mice were placed on a heat preservation pad. Mice in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with 200 μL normal saline. Differences in the anesthesia induction time, maintenance time, and awakening time were observed and compared. The mice were fed for one day after anesthesia; serum was collected, and liver and kidney function indexes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine (CREA) were determined using Hitachi 7080 automatic biochemical analyzer.ResultsThe success rate of anesthesia in C57BL/6J mice treated with Zoletil combined with serazine hydrochloride was 100%. When the anesthetic dose was 55-75 mg/kg, the anesthesia was induced quickly and safely, and the anesthetic effect was good. The duration of anesthesia was proportional to the injection dose of Zoletil (r2 = 0.827 in male mice, r2 =0.841 in female mice, both P < 0.01), and the induction time was inversely proportional to the injection dose (r2 =0.432 in male mice, r2=0.410 in female mice, both P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in liver and kidney function between the groups and the control group (P＞0.05).ConclusionAnesthetizing C57BL/6J mice with Zoletil combined with serazine hydrochloride is a reliable and stable method, and the duration of anesthesia can be controlled by adjusting the dosage.

Abstract Background Primary hyperoxaluria(PH)is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease that contains three subtypes (PH1, PH2 and PH3). Approximately 80% of PH patients has been reported as subtype PH1, this subtype of PH has been related to a higher risk of renal failure at any age. Several genetic studies indicate that the variants in gene AGXT are responsible for the occurrence of PH1. However, the population heterogeneity of the variants in AGXT makes the genetic diagnosis of PH1 more challenging as it is hard to locate each specific variant. It is valuable to have a complete spectrum of AGXT variants from different population for early diagnosis and clinical treatments of PH1. Case presentation In this study, We performed high-throughput sequencing and genetic analysis of a 6-year-old male PH1 patient from a Chinese family. Two variants (c.346G > A: p.Gly116Arg; c.864G > A: p.Trp288X) of the gene AGXT were identified. We found a nonsense variant (c.864G > A: p.Trp288X) that comes from the proband’s mother and has never been reported previously. The other missense variant (c.346G > A: p.Gly116Arg) was inherited from his father and has been found previously in a domain of aminotransferase, which plays an important role in the function of AGT protein. Furthermore, we searched 110 pathogenic variants of AGXT that have been reported worldwide in healthy local Chinese population, none of these pathogenic variants was detected in the local genomes. Conclusions Our research provides an important diagnosis basis for PH1 on the genetic level by updating the genotype of PH1 and also develops a better understanding of the variants in AGXT by broadening the variation database of AGXT according to the Chinese reference genome.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)⁃dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS) with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). Methods Based on the pituitary tumor database of Peking Union Medical College Hospital of China Pituitary Disease Register Network (CPDRN), 18 patients with ACTH ⁃ dependent CS complicated with MEN from January 1984 to September 2020 were collected. The clinical manifestations, involved other endocrine glands, laboratorial and imageological examinations were analyzed. Results Among 18 patients, 13 cases were Cushing's disease and 5 cases were ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS); 15 cases were MEN1 type, 2 cases were MEN2 type and one case was MEN4 type. The clinical manifestations were subclinical CS in 6 cases and overt CS in 12 cases. All cases had osteopenia or osteoporosis. Urolithiasis accounted for 11/18 cases. Regarding the involved endocrine glands, pituitary ACTH adenoma accounted for 13/18 cases, prolactinoma accounted for 4/18 cases, hyperparathyroidism accounted for 15/18 cases, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors accounted for 13/18 cases and adrenal adenomas and hyperplasia accounted for 10/18 cases. Laboratorial examinations showed the average morning serum cortisol was (652.90 ± 254.90) nmol/L, the morning ACTH was (13.38 ± 8.73) pmol/L and the 24 h urinary free cortisol was 446.35 (233.08, 531.10) µg. Serum prolactin was elevated in 2 cases, parathyroid hormone was elevated in 13 cases and serum calcium was elevated in 11 cases. In imageological examinations, there were pituitary microadenoma in 12 cases, pituitary macroadenoma in 3 cases, adrenal adenoma in 8 cases, thickened adrenal in 4 cases, adrenal pheochromocytoma in 2 cases, and paraganglioma in one case. Genetic test showed 3 cases had MEN1 gene mutation including c.1183C ＞ T, c.1579C ＞ T and c.1174G ＞ T. Conclusions ACTH⁃dependent CS with MEN is a rare disease with complex manifestations. The most common symptom is osteopenia/osteoporosis. The most common cause of CS is pituitary microadenoma. MEN1 is the most common MEN type, and primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common type of affected endocrine glands, followed by pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.03.008

As graphene-related technology advances, the benefits of graphene metamaterials become more apparent. In this study, a surface-isolated exciton-based absorber is built by running relevant simulations on graphene, which can achieve more than 98% perfect absorption at multiple frequencies in the MWIR (MediumWavelength Infra-Red (MWIR) band as compared to the typical absorber. The absorber consists of three layers: the bottom layer is gold, the middle layer is dielectric, and the top layer is patterned with graphene. Tunability was achieved by electrically altering graphene's Fermi energy, hence the position of the absorption peak. The influence of graphene's relaxation time on the sensor is discussed. Due to the symmetry of its structure, different angles of light source incidence have little effect on the absorption rate, leading to polarization insensitivity, especially for TE waves, and this absorber has polarization insensitivity at ultra-wide-angle degrees. The sensor is characterized by its tunability, polarisation insensitivity, and high sensitivity, with a sensitivity of up to 21.60 THz/refractive index unit (RIU). This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the multi-frequency sensor and provides a theoretical basis for the realization of the multi-frequency sensor. This makes it possible to apply it to high-sensitivity sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen. However, many patients experience a relapse or exhibit refractory disease (R/R). There is an urgent need for more effective regimens to reverse anthracycline resistance in these patients. Methods In this paper, Twenty-seven R/R AML patients with anthracycline resistance consecutively received chidamide in combination with anthracycline-based regimen as salvage therapy at the Chinese PLA General Hospital. Results Of the 27 patients who had received one course of salvage therapy, 13 achieved a complete response and 1 achieved a partial response. We found that the HDAC3-AKT-P21-CDK2 signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in anthracycline-resistant AML cells compared to non-resistant cells. AML patients with higher levels of HDAC3 had lower event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. Moreover, anthracycline-resistant AML cells are susceptible to chidamide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor which can inhibit cell proliferation, increase cell apoptosis and induce cell-cycle arrest in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Chidamide increases the sensitivity of anthracycline-resistant cells to anthracycline drugs, and these effects are associated with the inhibition of the HDAC3-AKT-P21-CDK2 signaling pathway. Conclusion Chidamide can increase anthracycline drug sensitivity by inhibiting HDAC3-AKT-P21-CDK2 signaling pathway, thus demonstrating the potential for application.

The Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) gene family, identified as sugar transporters, has been demonstrated to play key roles in phloem loading, grain filling, pollen nutrition, and plant-pathogen interactions. To date, the study of SWEET genes in response to abiotic stress is very limited. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of the SWEET gene family in wheat and examined their expression profiles under mutiple abiotic stresses. We identified a total of 105 wheat SWEET genes, and phylogenic analysis revealed that they fall into five clades, with clade V specific to wheat and its closely related species. Of the 105 wheat SWEET genes, 59% exhibited significant expression changes after stress treatments, including drought, heat, heat combined with drought, and salt stresses, and more up-regulated genes were found in response to drought and salt stresses. Further hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that SWEET genes exhibited differential expression patterns in response to different stress treatments or in different wheat cultivars. Moreover, different phylogenetic clades also showed distinct response to abiotic stress treatments. Finally, we found that homoeologous SWEET genes from different wheat subgenomes exhibited differential expression patterns in response to different abiotic stress treatments. The genome-wide analysis revealed the great expansion of SWEET gene family in wheat and their wide participation in abiotic stress response. The expression partitioning of SWEET homoeologs under abiotic stress conditions may confer greater flexibility for hexaploid wheat to adapt to ever changing environments.