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The increasing adoption of renewable energy sources, such as solar power, coupled with the growing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs), has opened up new opportunities for bidirectional power flow between various energy systems. This research paper explores the bidirectional power flow between a solar-integrated grid, electric vehicles, and residential homes. Specifically, it focuses on the benefits, challenges, and potential applications of power exchange between these entities. The paper discusses the technical aspects, economic implications, and environmental considerations of bidirectional power flow, highlighting the potential for enhanced grid stability, energy efficiency, and carbon footprint reduction. Additionally, the study addresses the impact of bidirectional power flow on grid infrastructure, smart grid technologies, and policy frameworks. By shedding light on the interplay between the solar-integrated grid, electric vehicles, and residential homes, this research paper aims to contribute to the advancement of sustainable and intelligent energy systems.

The healthcare industry is constantly changing because of technological breakthroughs that spur new methods of diagnosing and treating illnesses. This study investigates the development of Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) sensors for DNA-based blood cancer diagnosis. This work presents the design of a two-dimensional ion-sensitive field-effect transistor. Concentration fluctuations and transfer characteristics with different oxides are studied using blood from two electrolyte solutions. It is possible to evaluate how the modeled device can be utilized as a pH sensor or a biosensor in healthcare applications by looking at how the pH changes for different oxides. Additionally, several oxides were examined in the simulated ISFET devices' output characteristics. Blood is the electrolyte to study the device's sensitivity for different oxides. When pH 7.4 is considered, SiO2 oxide is significantly more sensitive than other oxides. The resulting 2D-ISFET exhibits remarkable blood electrolyte sensitivity and holds potential as a quick detection tool for blood cancer. The results show that the ISFET possesses drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), greater ON-current (ION) and switching ratio (ION/IOFF), and decreased subthreshold swing (SS). The pH sensor's sensitivity and the suggested equipment can detect up to 30 fg/mL of blood cancer biomarkers. An important development in technology-driven healthcare is the emergence of DNA-based blood cancer detection utilizing ISFET sensors. This opens up new avenues for improving cancer diagnosis and patient outcomes.

This work investigates the effect of single and dual-k spacer materials consisting of different dielectric constants (k) in optimized nano-channel gate-stack nanosheet (NS-FET) employing hafnium oxide and silicon dioxide as gate insulator to improve its sub-threshold performance. The effect of the external low-k spacer modification in the dual-k spacer has been shown by adjusting the inner high-k spacer. The drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) in this modification with dual-k spacer is 14 mV/V, a significant improvement above single spacer NS-FET. The Visual TCAD 3D Cogenda tool is used to examine the performance of the developed NS-FET with air, single, dual-k, and hybrid spacers. The CADENCE platform is used to perform circuit aspects. Additionally, a comparison of the device architecture’s performance study with respect to DC characteristics is made. DC parameters of the proposed device are established: $I_{ON}$ to $I_{OFF}$ ratio of approximately $10^{5}$ , DIBL of approximately 14 mV/V, sub-threshold swing (SS) of approximately 62 mV/dec, and low threshold voltage (Vth) of 0.38 V. The analysis on power consumption for advanced NS-FET is also analyzed with single-k and dual-k spacers. The performance of single-k and dual-k spacer dielectric variation for CMOS inverter is also shown. Furthermore, low power consumption by this NS-FET ensures improved device performance suitable for nanoscale semiconductor industries.

Tree-shaped Nanosheet FETS (NSFET) is the most dependable way to scale down the gate lengths deep. This paper investigates the 12nm gate length (LG) n-type Tree-shaped NSFET with the gate having a stack of high- $k$ dielectric (HfO2) and SiO2 using different spacer materials, which can be done using TCAD simulations. The Tree-shaped NFET device with ${\mathrm {T}}_{\mathrm {(NS)}} =5$ nm, ${\mathrm {W}}_{\mathrm {(NS)}} =25$ nm, ${\mathrm {W}}_{\mathrm {IB}} =5$ nm, and ${\mathrm {H}}_{\mathrm {IB}} =25$ nm has high on-current ( $I_{ON}$ ) and low off-current ( $I_{OFF}$ ). The 3D device with single- $k$ and dual-k spacers are compared and its DC characteristics are shown. It is noted that the dual- $k$ device achieves the maximum $I_{ON}/I_{OFF}$ ratio, which is $10^{9}$ , compared to $10^{7}$ because the fringing fields with spacer dielectric lengthen the effective gate length. Additionally, the impact of work function, interbridge height, width, gate lengths, and temperature, along with the device’s analog/RF and DC metrics, is also investigated in this paper. Even at 12 nm LG, the proposed device exhibits good electrical properties with DIBL =23 mV/V and SS =62 mV/dec and switching ratio ( $I_{ON}/I_{OFF}) = 10^{9}$ . The device’s performance confirms that Moore’s law holds even for lower technology nodes, allowing for further scalability.

Gallbladder cancers are the most common biliary tract malignancies in the world. Adenocarcinoma constitutes the most common histology in gallbladder cancer. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gallbladder account for about 0.5% of all neuroendocrine neoplasms and 2.1% of all gallbladder tumors. They are rare tumors and present with non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia, and obstructive jaundice, and, therefore, are often challenging to diagnose and treat. Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm is a subtype of neuroendocrine neoplasm. To add to the literature, we report a rare case of a patient who presented with pain in the abdomen and non-bilious vomiting and was diagnosed with mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine gallbladder cancer, identified by immunohistochemistry, and treated with palliative chemotherapy. Due to non-specific symptoms, patients may present at an advanced stage. Further, immunohistochemistry may assist in clinching the diagnosis.

Ixazomib citrate (IC) is the first oral selective proteosome inhibitor for treating multiple myeloma. IC is prone to degradation due to its oxidative deboronation and the amide bond, affecting patient health, drug quality, and efficacy. The stability of IC is crucial during drug development as it guides the inherent stability of the molecule, its degradation pathways, packing materials, and formulation development. Following the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q1A (R2) and Q1B, a stability study were performed for both solution and solid-state stress studies. Under oxidative and alkaline conditions, 3 degradation products (DPs) were identified, separated, and method-validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. From the Design Expert statistical tool, the Central Composite Design was used to optimize the final analytical method conditions, where the p-values for the model are < 0.05%. Green analytical chemistry has significantly reduced the use of hazardous organic solvents without losing chromatographic performance. The green separation and quantification of DPs and IC on Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) using an Inert-Sustain C8 (50×3.0) mm 2.0 µm column with gradient elution using 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) and ethanol at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and detection at 230 nm. The results of green assessment tools like GAPI, AGREE, and Analytical eco-scale found that the method is excellent for the greenness of utilizing ethanol as a solvent, shorter runtime, and lesser waste. The method was validated as per ICH Q2 guidelines, and the results found it is sensitive, precise, accurate, robust, and linear for its intended use. The method is suitable for quantifying IC and its DPs from 2.0 to 150 µg/mL with R2 values of 0.9996 with a detection limit of 1.0 µg/mL. The plausible degradation structures and pathways of DPs were outlined using tandem mass spectra employed on LC-QTOF-MS/MS in both ESI positive and negative modes. The mechanistic explanation for establishing DPs was explained in detail. The ADMET Predictor™ software predicted the physicochemical and ADMET properties. The toxicity profile reveals that DP2 and DP3 are teratogenic, while D1 and D3 show phospholipidosis.

Panobinostat (PAN) is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) that has been granted approval by the US Regulator for the purpose of treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Stress studies were conducted on PAN to assess its inherent stability under physical (thermal and photolytic) and chemical conditions (acidic, basic, neutral, and oxidative) in diluent (water: ethanol 50:50 v/v). The developed HPLC method exhibits both selectivity and specificity towards PAN and its degradation products (DPs). PAN and DPs were resolved using a Waters Xbridge C18 3.0 μm (50 × 4.6 mm) column. The mobile phase consisted of a gradient program (0/15, 2/15, 6/25, 8/25, 10/70, 12/70, 14/90, 16/90, 18/15, and 20/15 (T min/%B)). using mobile phase A as 10 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.0) and mobile phase B as Ethanol with 0.5 mL/min as flow rate, 3 µL as injection volume and at 277 nm as UV wavelength. The PAN exhibited instability under solution state conditions characterized by acidic, basic, and oxidative conditions. The developed chromatographic method has been expanded to include QTOF-MS/MS to characterize the DPs in positive ionization mode. The developed HPLC method has undergone validation in compliance with the ICH guideline Q2 (R1). The method found linear from 12 µg/mL (LOQ) to 300 µg/mL with r2 ≥ 0.99. The specificity of the method was assessed through the peak purity of analyte and DPs. The% recovery for analyte was fall in the range of 99.28 to 100.36 with 0.60 % RSD. The%RSD for the analyte in Method precision and intermediate precision is below 1.0. The sample and standard solutions are stable upto 48 h at room temperature. The Green Analytical Principles (GAP) applied to the analytical method using GAPI, AGREE and Eco-Scale tools to assess the Greenness of the analytical method. The PAN and DPs were applied with ADMET prediction software indicated the carcinogenicity, mutagenicity for PAN and only carcinogenicity for DPs. The reproductive toxicity for shown for PAN, DP-2 and DP-3. The DP-3 has shown the penetration of the blood-brain barrier. The method is suitable for the quantification of PAN and its DPs as both active pharmaceutical ingredient and formulations in quality control and stability studies for its regular use.

Abstract From an engineering point of view, non‐linear systems are essential to the operation of control systems, because all systems actually have a non‐linear state in nature. In reality, there are many different kinds of non‐linear systems hidden by this negative definition. For successful analysis and control, the identification of non‐linear systems using unknown models is typically necessary. Till now, numerous approaches are developed for identifying non‐linear systems, but it cannot be employed with a large number of components. Moreover, system identification is typically restricted to output and input signals alone, also such systems are rarely used in reality. This is the primary justification for using non‐linear systems in this research. So, this research proposed a non‐linear model of system identification for large‐scale systems under the consideration of two systems: bilinear system and Volterra system. Therefore, a novel algorithm named Self Adaptive Penguin Search Optimization (SAPeSO) is introduced to attain the system characteristics properly and minimize the output variation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed work is compared with existing works in terms of various error measures. This research mainly focuses on the application‐oriented engineering problems. In particular, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of the proposed work for the Volterra system at 4000 samples is 18.83%, 14.05%, 8.88%, 29.72%, 19.91%, and 6.70% which is better than the existing bald eagle search (BES), arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs‐ frequency response function + principal component analysis (NARMAX‐FRF+PCA), Global Gravitational Search Algorithm‐Assisted Kalman Filter (CGS‐KF), and sparse regression and separable least squares method (SR‐SLSM) methods, respectively. Finally, the error is minimum for the proposed model when compared with the other traditional approaches.

Background: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation can cause a significant hemodynamic response, leading to adverse events. Pregabalin is a relatively new drug used to attenuate this response. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of two different doses, 75 mg and 150 mg, of orally administered Pregabalin given 1 h before the induction of general endotracheal anesthesia in adult patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Telangana, India. Adult patients were divided into three groups receiving 75 mg, 150 mg of oral pregabalin or placebo, 1 h before induction of anesthesia. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded before and after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Results: A total of 90 patients were enrolled in the study, with 30 in each group. Both doses of pregabalin significantly attenuated the hemodynamic response compared to the placebo group. The maximum attenuation was observed in the 150 mg pregabalin group. No significant adverse effects were reported in any of the groups. Conclusion: Both 75 mg and 150 mg of oral pregabalin attenuated the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in adult patients, with a higher dose providing greater attenuation. Pregabalin may be considered an option for attenuating the hemodynamic response during anesthesia induction. Further studies are warranted to establish the optimal dose and duration of pregabalin administration.