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The relationship between the strength of the material and the geometry of bone scaffolds ensures that the scaffold pores remain intact while bone cells develop through them. In this study, mechanical simulations of two geometries of bone scaffolds are presented using the mechanical properties of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) mixed with lactic acid. First, compression tests were performed on the HAp to determine its mechanical properties. Then, two geometries of bone scaffolds were modeled based on the porosity and size suitable for cell regeneration as reported in the literature, and the mechanical properties values were used for FEM simulations. The elastic modulus of 253.4 MPa, yield stress of 7.53 MPa, and Poisson's ratio of 0.33 were found. The porosities calculated for the cubic and cylindrical CAD models are 43.83% and 50.51%, respectively. It was found that the cubic model supported a force of 21 N in versus the cylindrical model, which supported a force of 19 N; these forces were applied in the simulations not to exceed the maximum permissible stress of 4.5 MPa of the HAp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La altura del salto se sigue usando ampliamente para predecir la potencia en seres humanos. El progreso individual, a menudo, se monitorea usando una estimación de la potencia, pero las ecuaciones de predicción se basan en datos grupales. El estudio pretende demostrar que la altura del salto vertical (ASV) y la potencia mecánica tienen una pobre correlación, particularmente en un mismo individuo. Se presentan dos experimentos; primero, 52 estudiantes universitarios físicamente activos ejecutaron cinco saltos verticales máximos cada uno; segundo, tres participantes masculinos ejecutaron 50 saltos máximos cada uno. Los participantes descansaron 1 minuto entre saltos. ASV se calculó a partir de los datos cinemáticos como posición más alta del centro de masa corporal (CDM) menos CDM de pie; la potencia pico (PEAKPWR) se calculó a partir de la fuerza vertical de reacción registrada por una plataforma de fuerza y la potencia promedio (MEANPWR) durante la propulsión a partir del cambio en la energía potencial del CDM. Se realizaron análisis de regresión usando puntajes estandarizados de ASV como la variable predictora y puntajes estandarizados de potencia como las variables resultantes, con la expectativa de obtener una función de identidad y = x (intercepto = 0, pendiente = 1) y R2 = 1. En el experimento 1, el modelo para zPEAKPWR arrojó R2 = 0.9707 (p

El club deportivo Miguel Iturralde desea mejorar en el aspecto técnico por ello, analizar el movimiento de la ejecución del tiro libre en el futbol implica realizar un detallado estudio de la técnica de ejecución que se realiza al momento de patear el balón, siendo ángulos y centro de gravedad las variables a considerar en el análisis de la presente investigación. Objetivo: En efecto el trabajo propone el análisis más profundo en el desarrollo de la patada, buscando identificar la postura idónea para la ejecución del tiro libre en el futbol a través de un estudio biomecánico que permita elevar la efectividad del lanzamiento, brindando un porcentaje mayor de aciertos dentro del partido. Métodos: Se estudia un grupo de jugadores conformado por una plantilla de 21 deportistas integrado por diestros y zurdos que realizaron la prueba en igualdad de condiciones, el total de deportistas diestros fue de 14 y de zurdos 7 para la investigación se consideraron ángulos de miembros inferiores, superior y centro de gravedad del futbolista, se sacaran valores y de forma seguida se los tabulara e ingresara en el programa estadístico SPSS, estos datos a analizar se obtendrá mediante el programa Kinovea. Resultados: se determina que existe un grado de correlación entre las diferentes variables del estudio, convirtiéndolo en una investigación fiable y de relevancia. Conclusiones: la homogeneidad del grupo facilita la similitud entre los datos de los jugadores, estableciendo parámetros a seguir para mejorar la técnica en la ejecución del tiro libre.

La relación entre la resistencia del material y la geometría de los andamios óseos asegura que los poros del andamio se mantengan íntegros mientras las células de los huesos se desarrollan a través de ellos. En este estudio se presentan las simulaciones mecánicas de dos geometrías de andamios óseos usando las propiedades mecánicas de la Hidroxiapatita (HAp) mezclado con ácido láctico. Se realizaron ensayos de compresión en la HAp para conocer sus propiedades mecánicas, después se modelaron dos geometrías de andamios óseos en base a la porosidad y tamaño adecuados para la regeneración celular según lo reportado en la literatura y se usaron los valores de las propiedades mecánicas para las simulaciones MEF. Se encontró un módulo elástico de 253.4 MPa, el esfuerzo de cedencia de 7.53 MPa y el módulo de Poisson de 0.33. Las porosidades calculadas para los modelos CAD cúbico y cilíndrico son de 43.83% y de 50.51% respectivamente. Se encontró que el modelo cúbico soportó una fuerza de 21 N en contraste con el modelo cilíndrico que soportó una fuerza de 19 N, estas fuerzas se aplicaron en las simulaciones con la finalidad de no superar el esfuerzo máximo permisible de 4.5 MPa de la HAp.

Copyright of Clinical Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Table Tennis game does not involve large displacements by the practitioner in the environment, a characteristic that can promote greater safety for the elderly in locomotor terms. In addition, it needs coordination, agility, speed of reaction, dynamic balance, which have been the focus of current recommendations of physical activity for the health of adults and the elderly. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of table tennis practice on physical and functional fitness in the elderly. This quasi-experimental research with a parallel and controlled design. The sample consisted of 16 elderly people, allocated 8 in the experimental group (EG) and 8 in the control group (CG). The research lasted 18 weeks, with 2 weeks of evaluation (initial and final) and 16 weeks of intervention. Physical fitness assessments were carried out using the agility and balance and functional fitness tests. In the intra-group comparison (pre-post intervention), EG showed a significant difference for the variable agility (pre: 15.6 ± 1.2 s; post: 14.7 ± 0.7 s). Also, the EG showed a reduction in Area (pre: 11.00±3.32 cm²; post: 6.52±3.06 cm²), AP Amplitude (pre: 4.92±2.77 cm; post: 3.28±0.58 cm) and ML speed (pre: 2.77±1.07 cm/s; post: 2.31±1.03 cm/s) in the Tandem posture with eyes open. Our findings highlight the importance of a Table Tennis program, administered twice a week and consisted of low to moderate intensity activities, to promote a beneficial effect on the agility and balance of physically active elderly people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Dental Science is the property of Brazilian Dental Science Journal-ICT-UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Buletinul AGIR is the property of Asociatia Generala a Inginerilor din Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Virtual Archaeology Review is the property of Virtual Archaeology Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The improvement of the sports technique is premised on comparing the values of the motor movement, this must be characterized to correct errors detected as part of the sports training management process. Emphasis is placed on highly technical sports, such as bodybuilding training. In this sense, the present research aimed to analyze the half-squat technique in professional and amateur bodybuilders as an empirical method (sport-specific measurement). The research is descriptive-explanatory of correlational order. Six variables of interest are correlated (X1: shoulder joint angle; X2: hip joint angle; X3: maximum speed reached; X4: maximum acceleration reached; X5: center of gravity in X; X6: center of gravity in Y). The means establish differences between independent groups, both in variable X1 (Group 1: ≈66°; Group 2: ≈70°; p=0.247 ), X2 (Group 1: ≈73°; Group 2: ≈86°; p=0.002 ), X3 (Group 1: ≈1.03m/s; Group 2: ≈1.36m/s; p=0.017 ), X4 (Group 1: ≈2.93m/s 2 ; Group 2: ≈4.78m /s 2 ; p=0.011 ), X5 (Group 1: ≈0.43m; Group 2: ≈0.65m; p=0.000 ), and X6 (Group 1: ≈0.61m; Group 2: ≈0.83m; p =0.000 ). Group 1 has a more effective technique, while the amateurs have less efficiency in biomechanical movement due to their inexperience, high values are shown in speed and acceleration, movement angles such as hip angles are included.

The free kick in soccer is one of the important sports techniques, which allows the game to resume after a foul committed by the other player. The enhancement of specific motor skills allows the development of higher performance in the short and long term, for which its characterization is important to develop specialized methodologies in the stages of sports initiation. In this sense, the present research aimed to analyze the biomechanical differences of the free kick between advanced and amateur soccer players. This study is of a descriptive-explanatory type of correlational order, 30 soccer players from the Chiqui Park Soccer School (16-32 years of age) are intentionally diagnosed, classified into two independent groups, group 1 with advanced soccer players, and group 2 with amateur level soccerers. Three variables of interest are evaluated: the Initial Angle of the Unipodal Phase (AIFU in Spanish), the Final Angle of the Final Phase (AFF in Spanish), and the Execution Time of the Free Throw (TE in Spanish). There are no significant differences between independent groups in the angular variables AIFU (p=0.683) and AFF (p=0.389), and a significant difference in favor of group 2 in the variable TE (p=0.000). However, all the average ranges favored the advanced level players. There is a need to comprehensively establish larger studies that characterize the training categories studied, serving as a theoretical basis and methodology that supports the development of technical-tactical and physical actions of consideration in the processes of sports training management.

Biomechanics is a science that helps the study of movements applied in different sports, including soccer, which allows identifying and correcting technical errors. This is a fundamental basis for the control of the athlete's preparation. In this sense, the purpose of the research was to analyze biomechanically the pass with the inner edge of the foot in pre-juvenile and youth soccer players of training and academy. The research is of descriptive-explanatory type, of correlational order; 40 soccer players were biomechanically diagnosed in two independent groups (Group 1: Formative; Group 2: Academy; between 14-18 years). Ten indicators are analyzed, including age. Significant differences were demonstrated in the "DB" indicator (p=0.000), the "ÁFRA" indicator (p=0.006), the "DPAE" indicator (p=0.000), and the "VF", "A" and " TE" (p=0.000) respectively, while the variables or indicators "ÁFRE" (p=1.000), "EX" (p=0.102) and "EY" (p=0.056) did not present significant differences between the independent groups. In the comparison made with the players of a professional team and the players of a training academy, it was possible to show that there are notable differences from the initial phase of the pass with the inner edge of the foot, showing the distance of the player with respect to the ball, as well as in the previous phase where the players in formatiom have a better execution of the technical movement; this is reflected in the contact phase where greater speed and acceleration are evident at the moment of impact with the ball.

En la presente investigación se aplica un estudio biomecá - nico a la técnica del lanzamiento en el staff de picheo del equipo primera categoría de béisbol de Cienfuegos con el objetivo de describir posibles incorreciones técnicas du - rante la ejecución del movimiento que dificulten su domi - nio. El trabajo está concebido como un estudio de casos, responde al paradigma cualitativo, un tipo de diseño tran - saccional o transversal. Se emplearon métodos y técnicas científicas de investigación como la observación. Se llevó a cabo una filmación del atleta objeto de estudio, luego fueron procesados sus datos a través del software Kinovea 0.9.5 y quedó demostrado que existían insuficiencias que los entrenadores a simple vista no podían encontrar.

Algunos ejercicios de natación alteran la rotación del eje longitudinal del cuerpo. Este estudio determinó las diferencias y la simetría de la rotación del hombro y la cadera causada por diferentes ejercicios. En un diseño transversal, 16 nadadores entrenados realizaron seis protocolos diferentes de nado a crol: i) no respiración (NR); ii) respiración derecha (RD); iii) un brazo extendido y respiración derecha (ERD) o iv) izquierda (ERI); v) un brazo pegado al cuerpo y respiración derecha (CRD) o vi) izquierda (CRI). Los ejercicios se registraron en vídeo con dos cámaras frontales y los ángulos se midieron mediante Kinovea®. El ANOVA de dos vías exploró la interacción protocolos-ejercicio. Las diferencias entre el lado del brazo ejecutor (BE) y el no ejecutor (BNE) se compararon mediante pruebas t de muestras pareadas. Los hombros rotaron más que las caderas y alcanzaron antes la máxima rotación. La respiración aumentó la rotación en ~7-12˚. CRD y CRI mostraron rangos de rotación más bajos que los otros protocolos, pero obtuvieron asimetrías significativas entre el lado ejecutor (hombro: 8-19˚; cadera: 12-17˚) y no ejecutor (hombro: 66-77˚; cadera: 51-68˚). CRD y CRI mostraron rangos de rotación similares a los de la natación normal, pero obtuvieron un tiempo de ciclo de brazada diferente (1.5 s vs. 1.3 s). Los cambios entre la rotación de hombros y caderas no fueron homogéneos y se vieron especialmente propiciados por los ejercicios de natación, sobre todo al respirar. Los entrenadores deberían reconsiderar la inclusión de estos ejercicios en programas de natación

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido discriminar el efecto de cinco incrementos del 15% en la masa del balón sobre las variables cinemáticas más significativas que determinan el rendimiento de los lanzamientos de balonmano. Han participado doce jugadores masculinos especialistas en lanzamientos de primera línea y pertenecientes a la Liga Española Asobal de balonmano. Los lanzamientos fueron filmados con dos cámaras sincronizadas temporalmente a 250 Hz, lo que permitió obtener las coordenadas espaciales de un modelo compuesto por cinco marcadores corporales más el centro geométrico del balón. A partir de estas coordenadas, se determinaron las componentes de las posiciones y velocidad lineal del balón, así como las posiciones y velocidades angulares de rotación vertical del tronco superior, flexión del hombro, rotación externa/interna del hombro y flexión/extensión del codo. Los resultados indican que la velocidad del balón disminuye con el incremento de la masa del balón y que la velocidad angular de rotación interna del hombro es el factor más afectado, seguido de la extensión del codo. El tiempo de lanzamiento se incrementa cuando aumenta la masa del balón debido al mayor tiempo de retroceso. Se estima que un incremento del 15% de la masa del balón no tiene efecto sobre la cinemática del lanzamiento.

The aim of this study was to discriminate the effect of five increases of 15% in the mass of the ball on the most significant kinematic variables that determine the throwing performance. The sample was comprised of twelve male players specializing in front-line throws and belonging to the Spanish Asobal Handball League. Every throw was recorded by two video cameras temporally synchronized at 250 Hz, which allowed us to obtain the spatial coordinates of a model made up of five body markers and the geometric center of the ball. From these coordinates, the components of the positions and linear velocity of the ball were determined, in addiction, the angular positions and velocities of vertical rotation of the upper trunk, shoulder flexion, external / internal rotation of the shoulder, and flexion / extension of the elbow were also obtained. The results indicate that the velocity of the ball decreases with the increase in the mass of the ball and the angular velocity of internal rotation of the shoulder is the most affected factor, followed by the extension of the elbow. The throwing time increases when the mass of the ball increases due to the longer backward movement time of the ball. It is estimated that a 15% increase in the ball mass has no effect on the kinematics of the throw.

Os pacientes com problemas ortopédicos representam uma significativa casuística na clínica cirúrgica veterinária. Na correção de tais afecções são necessários materiais ortopédicos e, dentre eles, os fios cirúrgicos; sabendo-se que a qualidade do fio usado é um fator crítico para obtenção de bons resultados. Contudo, as propriedades de determinados fios podem ser alteradas com a forma de esterilização. Por este motivo, objetivou-se com a presente pesquisa avaliar as propriedades mecânicas dos fios de poliamida, fluorocarbono e de polietileno de alto peso molecular (Dyneema) em diferentes formas de esterilização, buscando um fio que atenda às necessidades ortopédicas. Os três fios em medidas semelhantes foram avaliados sob três tratamentos diferentes: in natura, esterilização química com ortoftaldeído por 12 minutos e esterilização física com autoclave a uma temperatura de 120°C por 30 minutos, quanto à resistência tênsil e elasticidade. As características foram avaliadas através de um equipamento de tração para medir a força tênsil colocada sob o fio até sua ruptura, associada a uma régua para aferir e determinar a porcentagem de comprimento do fio. Os resultados foram comparados com as informações obtidas de seus fabricantes, entre os fios e entre os métodos de esterilização. Após análise estatística, concluiu-se que ambos os métodos de esterilização foram capazes de alterar as propriedades intrínsecas dos fios. Porém, o Dyneema foi o que menos sofreu interferência dos métodos de esterilização avaliados, sendo o mais apropriado para as cirurgias ortopédicas, apresentando maior resistência e menor elasticidade, além de ser adquirido a baixo custo quando é de pescaria.

Introducción: La Biomecánica asume una de las actividades de mayores exigencias en la carrera al estudiar el movimiento del hombre en el desempeño deportivo, escenario propicio elevar las habilidades investigativas mediante la preparación integral de los estudiantes universitarios y en la sociedad cubana investiga la vía adecuada para modificar de manera saludable la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres y numerosas investigaciones tratan el enfoque de género en el contexto deportivo. Objetivo: consiste en analizar la flexibilidad en las karatecas pioneriles de Cienfuegos con enfoque de género para desarrollar las habilidades investigativas de los estudiantes que integran el grupo científico estudiantil en la carrera Licenciatura de las Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el deporte. Métodos: La investigación se desarrolla bajo en enfoque cualitativo, con los métodos teóricos que se utilizan son el histórico-lógico y el análisis de documentos y el método empírico entrevista estructurada a las mujeres de los deportes de combate. Resultados: El trabajo con el grupo científico estudiantil logró un desarrollo en las habilidades investigativas, fueron protagonistas en el perfeccionamiento de la técnica de pateo y el desarrollo de la flexibilidad en las karatecas pioneriles seleccionadas. Conclusiones: El análisis biomecánico realizado por los integrantes del grupo científico estudiantil evidencio enriquecimiento en las habilidades investigativas en la Biomecánica Deportiva.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The lesions of the iliopsoas generate metabolic alterations and mechanical modifications, clinically related to pain, decreased flexibility, restriction of the optimal range of movement and gait. The objective is to present the effectiveness of stretching with different techniques on hip mobility, iliopsoas flexibility and biomechanical gait parameters in children with hip extension deficit. Four patients were evaluated and intervened, two of the male gender and two of the female gender, from 6 to 11 years old, at the Centro de Rehabilitación Infantil of the SEDENA. The assessment was with analysis of gait and movement, then they were given a stretching protocol for 10 sessions. All participants showed significant results in the time-space parameters of gait, demonstrating a higher quality in gait biomechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis weakens the structural strength of bone to such an extent that normal daily activity may exceed the capacity of the vertebra to bear this load. Vertebral fracture and deformity is a hallmark of osteoporosis. The detriment of trabecular bone properties alone cannot explain the occurrence of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. The ability of the spine to bear and resist loads depends on the structural capacity of the vertebrae, but also on loading conditions arising from activities of daily living or low-energy trauma. This review describes the mechanical properties of the vertebral bone, the structural load-bearing capacity of the various elements forming the spine, the neuromuscular control of the trunk, as well as the biomechanics of the loads to which the spine is subjected in relation to the presence of osteoporosis and the risk of vertebral fracture. A better understanding of biomechanical factors may help to explain both the high incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and their mechanism of production. Consideration of these issues may be important in the development of prevention and management strategies., (Copyright © 2024 SECOT. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Osteoporosis weakens the structural strength of bone to such an extent that normal daily activity may exceed the capacity of the vertebra to bear this load. Vertebral fracture and deformity is a hallmark of osteoporosis. The detriment of trabecular bone properties alone cannot explain the occurrence of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. The ability of the spine to bear and resist loads depends on the structural capacity of the vertebrae, but also on loading conditions arising from activities of daily living or low-energy trauma. This review describes the mechanical properties of the vertebral bone, the structural load-bearing capacity of the various elements forming the spine, the neuromuscular control of the trunk, as well as the biomechanics of the loads to which the spine is subjected in relation to the presence of osteoporosis and the risk of vertebral fracture. A better understanding of biomechanical factors may help to explain both the high incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and their mechanism of production. Consideration of these issues may be important in the development of prevention and management strategies., (Copyright © 2024 SECOT. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

La altura del salto se sigue usando ampliamente para predecir la potencia en seres humanos. El progreso individual, a menudo, se monitorea usando una estimación de la potencia, pero las ecuaciones de predicción se basan en datos grupales. El estudio pretende demostrar que la altura del salto vertical (ASV) y la potencia mecánica tienen una pobre correlación, particularmente en un mismo individuo. Se presentan dos experimentos; primero, 52 estudiantes universitarios físicamente activos ejecutaron cinco saltos verticales máximos cada uno; segundo, tres participantes masculinos ejecutaron 50 saltos máximos cada uno. Los participantes descansaron 1 minuto entre saltos. ASV se calculó a partir de los datos cinemáticos como posición más alta del centro de masa corporal (CDM) menos CDM de pie; la potencia pico (PEAKPWR) se calculó a partir de la fuerza vertical de reacción registrada por una plataforma de fuerza y la potencia promedio (MEANPWR) durante la propulsión a partir del cambio en la energía potencial del CDM. Se realizaron análisis de regresión usando puntajes estandarizados de ASV como la variable predictora y puntajes estandarizados de potencia como las variables resultantes, con la expectativa de obtener una función de identidad y = x (intercepto = 0, pendiente = 1) y R2 = 1. En el experimento 1, el modelo para zPEAKPWR arrojó R2 = 0.9707 (p

Shoulder impingement is the main cause of shoulder pain. Manual therapy is one of the proposed therapeutic strategies. In this context, the Mulligan maneuver implies anterior axial rotation of the clavicle, emulating the action of the subclavius muscle, which hypothetically would increase the subacromial space. However, there are no antecedents that provide experimental support for this hypothesis. The objective of the present study was to explore whether the axial rotation of the clavicle, produced by the Mulligan maneuver, has an effect on the pressure registered in the subacromial space, with the purpose of having methodological antecedents that can contribute to the design of future studies that address the problem exposed and consider a larger sample size. Through an ex-vivo exploratory study, two anatomical preparations comprising the scapula, clavicle, and proximal two-thirds of the humerus, both with glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joint sparing, were evaluated. In these, the pressure in the subacromial space and the axial rotation of the clavicle were recorded, all during the performance of an anterior clavicular axial rotation maneuver. Pressure differences between a basal condition and during the maneuver were analyzed, as well as the maximum axial rotation of the clavicle. These variables were recorded using a pressure sensor and a movement analysis system. The pressure in the subacromial space during the maneuver decreased in all repetitions in a range between 21-51% of the basal pressure. The maximum axial rotation recorded was between 3.9-10°. The results of this exploratory study give rise to the hypothesis that the anterior axial rotation maneuver of the clavicle produces a decrease in subacromial pressure, in the area immediately below the acromion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human gait is a series of movements of the lower extremities and trunk to move the body forward and can be affected using prostheses and orthoses. A hands-free crutch was built as an alternative to conventional crutches, which presents problems in some parts of its design and requires a gait analysis, which is carried out using the Kinovea software. The current study compared three situations: normal gait, using the orthosis, and accompanying the device with a Canadian cane. It is noted that there are abnormalities when using the orthosis compared to normal walking which is slightly corrected with the auxiliary support of the cane. It is concluded that the orthosis is deficient in its walking cycle, so it is proposed to make structural changes. Developing this hands-free crutch will improve the quality of life for patients with lower limb injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Los modos contemporáneos en los que nos desenvolvemos, en un entorno eminentemente urbano, me llevan al planteamiento de si hay otro horizonte que no sea el desgastado neoliberalismo, el anquilosado estado burocratizado y el vértigo estimulativo de la hiper-mercantilización. Los modos revolucionarios, tanto industriales como artísticos, que se llevaron a cabo durante la vanguardia rusa y que posibilitaron la transformación de la configuración política del momento se presentan aquí como un modelo cuyo potencial emancipador fue reprimido por la propia URSS y, más tarde, fagocitado por la sociedad del capital. A este breve apunte sobre estos cuatro modos de ser que considero relevantes, se llega a través de cuatro breves biografías, su conformidad con el tiempo en el que vivieron y un breve apunte sobre las cuestiones que todavía hoy son capaces de suscitar. El problema de fondo que se plantea es la relación que existe entre el ciudadano, en sus modos de ser, productivo, urbano, aburrido y teatral, y su conformación dinámica con el entorno.

Introducción. El vuelco se conoce como la caída de plantas, fenómeno que afecta el rendimiento y la calidad de las cosechas en diversos cultivos. En Colombia se ha evidenciado el vuelco en plantaciones de fique (Furcraea spp.), pero se han estudiado poco sus efectos. Objetivo. Determinar las repercusiones del vuelco en el crecimiento de las plantas y en la producción de fibra de fique. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron veinte plantas erguidas y veinte plantas con vuelco bajo un diseño completamente al azar, en un cultivo de cuarenta años en Totoró, Cauca, Colombia, en marzo de 2021, a las que se les evaluó el crecimiento, el rendimiento y la longitud de fibra (LF), además, se cuantificó el porcentaje de vuelco y mortalidad a través de un muestreo aleatorio de 166 plantas. Resultados. La incidencia de vuelco fue del 58 %, de las plantas volcadas un 23 % murieron a causa de la pudrición del tallo. El vuelco afectó el crecimiento, ya que redujo un 10, 23, 14, 39 y 10,5 % el diámetro de tallo (DT), la longitud de hoja (LH), el ancho de hoja (AH), el número total de hojas (NTH) y la relación longitud y ancho de hoja (RLA), respectivamente, comparadas con plantas erguidas. La longitud de fibra y el rendimiento disminuyeron en un 24 y 56 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El vuelco causó una mayor afectación en la producción de fibra que la reportada por el virus de la macana, enfermedad más limitante del cultivo. Estos hallazgos pusieron en evidencia la importancia de buscar e implementar estrategias de manejo como aporte a la sostenibilidad de la cadena en el país.

Quesada Salazar, N. (2021). Alteraciones musculoesqueléticas y adaptaciones biomecánicas durante los trimestres de embarazo: una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1 ), 1-27. El embarazo es un proceso progresivo que involucra cambios de tipo hormonal, mecánico, fisiológico y emocional en la mujer y que causa que el sistema musculoesquelético se adapte constantemente. Estos cambios suelen identificarse a través de la postura y la biomecánica de los movimientos en la vida diaria. En esta investigación, se realizó una revisión sistemática para encontrar las principales alteraciones y adaptaciones durante el embarazo, incluyendo artículos del 2008 al 2018, con mujeres gestantes sanas, con un solo feto, sin alteraciones musculoesqueléticas previas, de Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) normal y cualquier metodología de investigación excepto estudios de caso. Se identificaron 13 estudios que refieren evaluar las tres etapas de gestación, edades desde los 20 a los 35 años, así como con diversos objetivos de investigación. La postura de la mujer gestante presenta un aumento de la lordosis lumbar, la curvatura torácica y el ángulo de inclinación anterior de la pelvis. La tarea de sentarse y levantarse de una silla requiere de mayor control del movimiento, así como de tiempo de ejecución. La oscilación y las fuerzas de reacción del suelo del Centro de Presión corporal aumentan al estar de pie, lo que resulta en una mayor distancia entre los pies, como estrategia de control del equilibrio. Finalmente, la biomecánica de la marcha se adapta a una menor velocidad, longitud de paso y etapa de despegue de los pies del piso, con un aumento del ancho de paso y una mayor base de apoyo. En la gestación, la mujer desarrolla adaptaciones de tipo anatómicas y mecánicas como respuesta a los cambios progresivos experimentados.