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53. L'impact de la réglementation bancaire sur la stabilité et l'efficience des banques islamiques : une analyse comparée avec les banques conventionnelles

Author

Bitar, Mohammad, Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion (CERAG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF), Université de Grenoble, Philippe Madiès, and STAR, ABES

Subjects
Régression quantile, Bâle III, DEA, Banques islamiques, Quantile regression, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Basel III, Islamic banks, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Stability, Stabilité
Abstract

This PhD dissertation is the first attempt to examine whether banking regulations have the same impact on the stability and the efficiency of Islamic than for conventional banks. We benefit of Basel III recommendations to investigate the impact of bank capital, liquidity and leverage requirements on the stability and the efficiency of Islamic banks compared to conventional banks. A first exploratory study uses Principal Component Analysis, Logit and Probit methods, and OLS regressions and shows that Islamic banks have higher capital, liquidity, and profitability, but that they are less stable than their conventional counterparts. A second empirical study examines the stability of Islamic banks using conditional quantile regressions and proves that Islamic banks are less stable than conventional banks. It also shows that higher capital and lower leverage improve the adjusted profits of small and highly liquid Islamic banks. Liquidity is positively associated with the stability of large Islamic banks while an opposite effect is detected when small Islamic banks are examined. Finally, we study the efficiency of Islamic banks using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and find that Islamic banks are more efficient than conventional banks. We also find that higher capital and liquidity requirements penalize the efficiency of small and highly liquid Islamic banks, while the opposite is true for financial leverage. These results show that concerning capital requirements for small and highly liquid Islamic banks, a possible trade-off could be found between stability and efficiency., Cette thèse de doctorat est une première tentative d'examiner si les réglementations bancaires ont le même impact sur la stabilité et l'efficience des banques islamiques que sur celles des banques conventionnelles. Suite aux nouvelles recommandations de Bâle III, nous étudions l'impact des exigences minimales en matière de fonds propres, de liquidité et de levier financier sur la stabilité et l'efficience des banques islamiques comparativement aux banques conventionnelles. Une première étude exploratoire utilise l'analyse en composantes principales (ACP), les méthodes Logit et Probit et les régressions MCO pour montrer que les banques islamiques disposent d'un capital plus élevé, qu'elles sont plus liquides, plus profitables, mais moins stables que leurs homologues conventionnelles. Une deuxième étude empirique examine la stabilité des banques islamiques et utilise la régression quantile pour montrer que les banques islamiques sont moins stables que les banques classiques. L'étude prouve également que des exigences de fonds propres renforcées améliorent la stabilité des banques islamiques les plus petites et les plus liquides, tandis que le levier financier est négativement associé à la stabilité de ce type de banques. Des contraintes de liquidité plus fortes renforcent la stabilité des grandes banques islamiques alors que l'effet est inverse pour les petites banques. Enfin, nous examinons l'efficience des banques islamiques en utilisant la méthode d'enveloppement des données (DEA). Nous constatons que les banques islamiques sont plus efficientes que les banques conventionnelles. Nous trouvons aussi que des exigences de capital et de liquidité accrues pénalisent l'efficience des petites banques islamiques très liquides, alors que l'inverse est vrai pour le levier financier. Ces résultats montrent notamment qu'en matière de réglementation du capital pour les petites banques islamiques très liquides, un choix est à opérer entre une efficience accrue ou une stabilité renforcée.

Published
2014

63. Inclusion Complexes of Sunscreen Agents with β-Cyclodextrin: Spectroscopic and Molecular Modeling Studies

Author

A. F. Al-Rawashdeh, Nathir, S. Al-Sadeh, Khaled, and Bassam Al-Bitar, Mohammad

Abstract

The inclusion complexes of selected sunscreen agents, namely, oxybenzone (Oxy), octocrylene (Oct), and ethylhexyl-methoxycinnamate (Cin) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 13C NMR techniques, and molecular mechanics (MM) calculations and modeling. Molecular modeling (MM) study of the entire process of the formation of 1 : 1 stoichiometry sunscreen agent/β-cyclodextrin structures has been used to contribute to the understanding and rationalization of the experimental results. Molecular mechanics calculations, together with 13C NMR measurements, for the complex with β-CD have been used to describe details of the structural, energetic, and dynamic features of host-guest complex. Accurate structures of CD inclusion complexes have been derived from molecular mechanics (MM) calculations and modeling. The photodegradation reaction of the sunscreen agents' molecules in lotion was explored using UV-Vis spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that the photostability of these selected sunscreen agents has been enhanced upon forming inclusion complexes with β-CD in lotion. The results of this study demonstrate that β-CD can be utilized as photostabilizer additive for enhancing the photostability of the selected sunscreen agents' molecules.

Published
2013
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64. Emerging Risks: Concluding Remarks

Author

Gramlich, Dieter, Walker, Thomas, Shrivastava, Paul, Series Editor, Zsolnai, László, Series Editor, Walker, Thomas, editor, Gramlich, Dieter, editor, Bitar, Mohammad, editor, and Fardnia, Pedram, editor

Published
2020
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78. Emerging Risks: An Overview

Author

Walker, Thomas, Gramlich, Dieter, Vico, Kalima, Dumont-Bergeron, Adele, Shrivastava, Paul, Series Editor, Zsolnai, László, Series Editor, Walker, Thomas, editor, Gramlich, Dieter, editor, Bitar, Mohammad, editor, and Fardnia, Pedram, editor

Published
2020
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82. Physicochemical study on microencapsulation of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in dermal preparations.

Author

Al-Rawashdeh NA, Al-Sadeh KS, and Al-Bitar MB

Subjects
2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, Administration, Cutaneous, Chemical Phenomena, Drug Compounding methods, Sunscreening Agents administration & dosage, beta-Cyclodextrins administration & dosage, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods, Sunscreening Agents chemical synthesis, beta-Cyclodextrins chemical synthesis
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effect of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) concentration on the physicochemical properties of the sunscreen agents, namely oxybenzone (Oxy), octocrylene (Oct), and ethylhexyl-methoxy-cinnamate (Cin), in aqueous solution and cream formulations., Methods: The inclusion complexes of sunscreen agents with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) in aqueous solution and solid phase were studied by UV-vis spectrophotmetery, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 13C-NMR techniques. The photodegradation reaction of the sunscreen agents' molecules in lotion was explored using UV-vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)., Results: The formation of the inclusion complexes was confirmed experimentally using DSC, SEM, and 13C-NMR. The results of spectrophotometric and HPLC studies have shown that the inclusion complexation with HP-beta-CD has the potential to enhance the photostability of the selected sunscreen agents in lotion. HPLC results indicated that HP-beta-CD has approximately increases the photostability of Oct by six- to eightfold. Moreover, the presence of HP-beta-CD in lotion controlled the isomerization process of Cin to a certain degree, which was found to be a function of the amount of HP-beta-CD added., Conclusions: It has been demonstrated that the photostability of the tested sunscreen agents has been enhanced upon forming inclusion complexes with HP-beta-CD in lotion. The results of this study demonstrate that HP-beta-CD can be utilized as photostabilizer additive for enhancing the photostability of the sunscreen agents' molecules.

Published
2010
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