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Background Children with clefts lips often present with cardiac abnormalities, among them the tetralogy of Fallot. Anaesthesia for patients with unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot coming for a non-cardiac surgery represents an additional risk of increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. Case presentation We present a case of a 8 years old boy with unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot scheduled for cleft lip repair. The Child was referred to Mercy James Centre for Paediatric Surgery and Intensive Care from an Operation Smile Mission campaign. Anaesthesia consisted of a balanced general anaesthesia combined with regional anaesthesia by an infraorbital nerve block. The child developed hypercyanotic spells postoperatively which were successfully managed with noradrenaline, morphine, fluid, and oxygen therapy. Conclusion Children with unrepair Tetralogy of Fallot coming for non-cardiac surgery have increased risk of complications during anaesthesia. The anaesthesia provider should be aware and ready to manage them promptly.

The production of potatoes rich in starch and essential nutrients does not cover the needs of Congolese consumers. This is due to strong genetic erosion and the absence of high-performance local varieties as well as the unavailability of seeds for new plantations. The seed produced by traditional techniques does not meet the demand of producers. This study aims to produce seed potatoes by the technique of in vitro culture. Tubers disinfected with 10% sodium hypochlorite are kept at 4°C for 20 days to produce microtubers by bud burst others are placed in heat therapy conditions to produce micro-cuttings. Microtubers and microcuttings are taken, then cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog medium on the one hand and on Murashige and Skoog medium to which 0.05 mg/ml of indolylbutyric acid is added on the other hand. The cold favors the bud burst of the potato tubers after a week. On vitroplants from microtubers developing on Murashige and Skoog medium to which 0.05 mg / ml of indolylbutyric acid is added, 5 roots, 6 leaves and a stem with a height of 6.05 cm are recorded. On the medium of Murashige and Skoog, we observe 3 roots, 7 leaves and a stem 5.69 cm in height. Regarding microprogation, the results obtained showed that growth hormone plays an important role in the different stages of regeneration compared to the medium without phytohormone. &nbsp

L'aménagement du territoire (AT), en général, est une politique qui tend à organiser les activités humaines sur un espace géographique défini, basé sur un objectif à long terme. Cette politique a pour but de renforcer la cohésion sociale de cet espace à différentes échelles. L'organisation du territoire définit à une échelle plus fine des zones, des sous-territoires et y affecte pour chacun des objectifs en cohérence avec l'objectif global de long terme de l'AT.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-oag-10.1177_00307270221140572 for Assessing German farmers’ trade-offs between disease resistance and yield in winter wheat varieties by Kerstin K Zander, Pascal Blaise and Karin Holm-Müller in Outlook on Agriculture

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are commonly used for many genetic applications, such as map construction, fingerprinting, and genetic diversity analyses, due to their high reproducibility, polymorphism, and abundance. Endogenous miRNAs play essential roles in plant development and gene expression under diverse biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In the present study, we predicted 110 miRNA-SSR primer pairs from 287 precursor miRNAs. Among 110 primer pairs, 85 were successfully amplified and examined for transferability to other Gramineae and non-Gramineae species. The results showed that all 82 primer pairs yielded unambiguous and strong amplification, and across the 23 studied Cleistogenes accessions, a total of 385 alleles were polymorphic. The number of alleles produced per primer varied from 3 to 11, with an average of 4.69 per locus. The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.44 to 0.88, with an average of 0.74 per locus, and the PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) values ranged from 0.34 to 0.87, with an average of 0.69 per locus. Furthermore, 1422 miRNA target genes were predicted and analyzed using the GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) databases. In conclusion, the results showed that an miRNA-based microsatellite marker system can be applicable for genetic diversity and marker-assisted breeding studies.

This study was conducted to produce high-quality compost using both cow manure and wood ash that can specifically be used to increase the fertility of soils in tropical regions. Increased proportions of wood ash were co-composted with cow manure. During composting, the composts produced presented the classical composting temperature curve and attain a thermophilic composting phase (about 60 oC). After 117 days of composting, the produced composts (CMA 0%; CMA 5%; CMA 10% and CMA15%) had a C/N ratio between 16 and 30, and their pH, was basic, indicating maturity. They were rich in minerals (Mg; Ca; K+; and Na+) and poor in heavy metals (Zn; Cu and Pb). Wood ash addition raise the fungal communities except for CMA 0% and did not impair significantly on bacteria communities; however, addition of high amounts of wood ash could reduce the metabolism of the microbial communities including cellulase activity that showed a proportional decrease according to the added amount except for CMA 15%. The composts showed a germination index greater than 80% at all concentrations, indicating the absence of phytotoxicity. Therefore, co-composting of cow manure with wood ash (

A field study was conducted to assess the potential of cattle manure wood-ash compost in order to improve soil fertility and productivity in two areas in the centre region of Cameroon distant of 200 km. The farms were amended with four types of compost, C1 (100% cattle manure compost), C2 (95% cattle manure with 10% wood ash admixture), C3 (90% cattle manure compost and 10% wood ash admixture), and C4 (85% cattle manure compost and 15% wood ash admixture). Soybean was the growing plant during the experiment which lasted three months. After the harvesting, physical, chemical, biological and plant parameters were evaluated. The compost significantly increased soil pH, Electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, and total phosphorus. The composts also had a stimulatory effect on the total soil bacteria and fungi, cellulase and protease activities. Improvement soil physical, chemical and microbial parameters enhanced biomass production and yield. In summary, cattle manure wood-ash composts could be used for alleviating soil acidity and improve soil fertility of tropical acid soils. Future research is needed to address its sustainability in a long-term study.

A greenhouse study was conducted to assess the potential of green waste wood ash compost on a tropical acid soil. Four types of compost (prepared with 0, 5, 10 and 15% of wood ash prior composting) were used to amend an Oxisol from the centre region of Cameroon. The different composts were mixed with the soil in 1/4 proportions (w/w); the experimental design was a completely randomized block with three replicates per treatment. The different treatments were planted with soybean (Glycine max L.) for three month growing period. Compost amendment increased the soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Bacterial and fungal biomass together with cellulase and protease activities also increased in amended soil. Following soil chemical, physical and chemical parameters, plant growth and yield also improved in compost treated sols. However, compost prepared with 15% wood ash additive showed trends of inhibition of the soil microbiota. It can be concluded that green waste wood ash compost could be used as a suitable soil fertilizer for tropical acid soils, although precautions are to be taken when using these composts prepared with addition of wood ash ≥ 15%.

A TRANSFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF MODERN FRENCH GRAMMAR IS SIMILAR TO THE "RULE OF CACAPHONY" PROPOSED BY PORT-ROYAL GRAMMARIANS TO AVOID BAD PRONUNCIATION. BY MEANS OF CERTAIN REWRITE RULES, THE CORRECT USAGE OF THE PARTITIVE (DE) CAN BE TAUGHT AND EXPLAINED MORE SIMPLY THAN WAS POSSIBLE USING THE TRADITIONAL METHOD. THE RULE OF CACAPHONY (RC) IS VERY USEFUL IN THE STUDY OF NOUN DETERMINERS AND NOUN COMPLEMENTS, AND REVEALS SOME IMPORTANT NOTIONS ABOUT NOMINAL GROUPS AS FUNCTIONS OF THEIR DETERMINERS AND OF THEIR GRAMMATICAL ROLES IN THE SENTENCE. THE DETERMINERS ARE LIMITED TO THREE CLASSES--(1) THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, (2) POSSESSIVE AND DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES, AND (3) CARDINAL NUMBERS AND THE FOLLOWING INDEFINITES--THE PLURAL INDEFINITE ARTICLE "DES" (DE LES) AND THE PARTITIVES"DE LA" (DE L') AND "DU" (DE LE OR DE L'). TRANSFORMATION THEORY CAN ALSO BE APPLIED TO NOMINALIZATIONS FROM VERB TO NOUN FORMS, TO PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS, AND TO THE STRUCTURING OF ADVERBIAL PHRASES. THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE FRENCH JOURNAL "ART," NUMBER 4, MARCH 1967. (FB)

Objective: This study aimed at highlighting the extent to which Uganda and the Eastern DR Congo are ready for safe surgical care provision during the double burden of Ebola and COVID-19. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted in selected National, Regional Referral and General Hospital facilities of Uganda and in the Eastern part of D.R. Congo from 1st August 2020 to 30 October 2020. Data was analysed using Stata version 14.2. Results: A participation rate of 37.5% for both countries (72/192). The mean bed capacity of participating health facilities (HF) was 184 in Eastern DR. Congo and 274 in Uganda with an average surgical ward bed capacity of 22.3% (41/184) of the beds in the DR. Congo and 20.4% (56/274) in Uganda. The mean number of operating rooms was 2 and 3 in Eastern DR. Congo and Uganda respectively. Nine hospitals (12.5%) reported being able to test for Ebola and 25 (34.7%) being able to test for COVID-19. Only 7 (9.7%) hospitals reported having a specific operating room for suspect or confirmed cases of Ebola or COVID-19. Provision of appropriate Personal Protection Equipment to personnel were reported to be available in 60 (83.3%) hospitals. The mean of readiness score for provision of surgical care was 7.8/16 (SD: 2.3) or 60% in both countries with no statistical significance in multiple linear regression analysis (p>0.05). Conclusion: The majority of participating hospitals in both countries had a low level of readiness to provide safe surgical care due to lack of supplies to limit the exposure of Healthcare workers (HCW) to Ebola and Covid-19 viral infections, and poor funding. Governments and non-governmental organizations should work together to enhance health facility supplies and readiness for safe surgical provision in resource-limited settings.

BackgroundZinc (Zn) malnutrition has been linked to serious health concerns in humans. Targeting genetic biofortification of rice grain Zn can efficiently improve the global Zn nutritional status. To genetically enhance rice grain Zn content, the genetic and molecular mechanisms of Zn deficiency response need to be elucidated. Here, Differential Gene Expression Analysis (DGEA) and Weighted Gene Coexpression Analysis (WGCNA) were established to identify modules of coexpressed genes, the most preserved genes and molecular pathways regulating Zn deficiency response in rice varieties. ResultsTwelve modules of coexpressed genes were obtained by WGCNA using 1649 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from our DGEA and 2121 Zn genes from earlier studies. Three modules (TTA-M, TRA-M and CA-M) were judged the most relevant for Zn deficiency based on their richness in the well-recognized Zn deficiency responsive (ZDR) genes and molecular pathways. 96 (17%), 188 (47.6%) and 96 (24%) genes from TTA-M, TRA-M and CA-M modules respectively, were significantly expressed in the DGEA. These coexpressed DEGs (CoDEGs) were considered as the most preserved Zn deficiency responsive genes. Of the well-known ZDR genes, only OsZIP8, OsZIP10, OsMT1a and OsNAAT1 were preserved. Functional annotations for all CoDEGs from the identified ZDR modules showed that glutathione metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the most quickly upregulated molecular pathways. Lastly, a biology-informed gene-gene interaction network analysis (GGIN) indicated that CoDEGs including OsLSI3, OsWOX11, OsNRT1.1B, OsPSK5, OsSWN6 and OsMID1 strongly interact with the recognized ZDR genes in the ZDR modules. Curiously, these CoDEGs were previously validated for other economic traits in rice. ConclusionFindings from this study provide comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms of Zn deficiency response in rice and may facilitate gene and pathway prioritization, to enhance Zn use efficiency (ZUE) and Zn biofortification in rice.

"Senhor, como no momento da minha morte, me encontrarei separado do mundo, nu de todas as coisas, apenas diante de vossa Presença, para responder à vossa Justiça por todos os movimentos do meu coração, fazei-me considerar nesta doença como uma espécie de morte, separada do mundo, nua de todos os objetos de meus apegos, somente diante de sua presença para implorar de sua misericórdia a conversão do meu coração; E que eu tenha extrema consolação por Vós" (III). É assim que o filósofo Blaise Pascal, em estado de enfermidade, se dirige a Deus em sua Prière pour demander à Dieu le bon usage des maladies, agora traduzida para o Português pelo Instituto Ciência e Fé PUCPR. Esta pequena, mas profunda oração, feita por este pensador no século XVII nos demonstra que podemos fazer o bom uso inclusive das enfermidades.

This chapter reports on evidence about the role of forests and trees in alleviating poverty and supporting wider human well-being. It considers how, whether, where, when and for whom forests and trees are important in forest-poverty dynamics. We organise the evidence according to four possible relationships between forest products and ecosystem services and poverty: 1) helping households move out of poverty; 2) supporting well-being through subsistence, food security and cultural and spiritual values; 3) mitigating risks; and 4) decreasing well-being by generating negative externalities that could significantly contribute to trapping or moving households into poverty. The evidence shows that these relationships are strongly context-dependent, varying with geography and social, economic and political contexts. However, across contexts, we most commonly observe that forest and tree products and services help the poor to secure and stabilise their livelihoods, rather than either helping them exit poverty or driving them into poverty.

In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extracts of three Congolese plant species, namely Brillantaisia patula (BR-PA), Crossopteryx febrifuga (CR-FE) and Senna siamea (SE-SI). The obtained AgNPs were studied for their optical, structural, surface morphological and antibacterial properties. The prepared AgNPs were characterized by using UV-Visible spectra, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical shaped and well-dispersed with average sizes ranging from 45 to 110 nm. The AgNPs derived from BR-PA, CR-FE and SE-SI exhibited higher antibacterial activity against three bacterial pathogens of the human skin compared to their respective crude extracts and AgNO3. This indicated that the biomolecules covering the nanoparticles may enhance the biological activity of metal nanoparticles. Hence, our results support that biogenic synthesis of AgNPs from Congolese plants constitutes a potential area of interest for the therapeutic management of microbial diseases such as infectious skin diseases., Green synthesis; Medicinal plants; Silver nanoparticles; Leaf aqueous extracts; Antibacterial activity; Engineering; Materials science; Chemistry; Biological sciences; Health sciences.