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55,121 results on '"Bonner BE"'

51. Afterword

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

52. SEVENTEEN Social problems in the age of culture wars

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

53. PART VI Looking forward

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

54. Cover

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

55. Title Page, Copyright

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

56. President's welcome

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

57. Table of Contents

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

58. ONE From blame to criminalization

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

59. PART I Crime, law, and policy

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

60. Editorial introduction

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

61. Notes on contributors

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

62. About the Society for the Study of Social Problems

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

63. SEVEN Inequality in the experiential core

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

64. TWO Curbing pretextual traffic stops to reduce racial profiling

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

65. FIVE News media and the crime coverage problem

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

66. FOUR Immigration enforcement

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

67. SIX Caught in the crossfire

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

68. THREE Pay to talk

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

69. PART II Education

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

70. TEN Reproductive health in crisis

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

71. PART IV Health and healthcare

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

72. PART III Food insecurity

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

73. TWELVE Gender-affirming healthcare for transgender and gender minority youth

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

74. EIGHT Addressing food insecurity through community-informed food retailer implementation

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

75. THIRTEEN At the nexus of reproductive and juvenile (in)justice

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

76. NINE How inflation and food deserts made a bad poverty measure worse—and what we can do about it

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

77. ELEVEN A bold policy agenda for improving immigrant healthcare access in the US

Author

Smith, Jason A., Nair, Manjusha, Muschert, Glenn W., Lane, David C., Dillaway, Heather, Budd, Kristen M., Bernstein, Mary, Johnson, Dana, Samara, Tony, Joseph, Tiffany, Sullivan, Teresa A., Ingel, Sydney, Webb, Sophie, Brubaker, Sarah Jane, Rose, Raquel, Ghandnoosh, Nazgol, Harrison, Monique, Van Natta, Meredith, Berezin, McKenzie, Redditt, Lindsay, Hannon, Lance, Burke, Kristen, Kerstetter, Katie, Kimpel, Jeanne, Carlisle, Hayley, Gonzalez, Gabriela, Windsor, Elroi, Bonner, Drew, Anderson, Charity, Cordes, Brooke, Silver, Blake R., Gwathney, Ashley N., and Rondini, Ashley C.

Published
2024

79. US Postgraduate Trainee Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Representation and Faculty Compensation By Specialty

Author

Mensah, Michael O, Owda, Dalia, Simons, Efe C Ghanney, Holaday, Louisa W, Bonner, Sidra N, Mangurian, Christina, and Ross, Joseph S

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Humans, Faculty, Faculty, Medical, Medicine, Minority Groups, Racial Groups, United States, Sex Factors, Salaries and Fringe Benefits, Male, Female, Education, Medical, Graduate, Internship and Residency, Economics, Medical, Ethnicity, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

This study compares postgraduate trainee racial, ethnic, and gender representation and faculty compensation for 21 clinical specialties using 2015-2022 data.

Published
2023

80. Pan-cancer atlas of somatic core and linker histone mutations.

Author

Bonner, Erin, Dawood, Adam, Gordish-Dressman, Heather, Eze, Augustine, Bhattacharya, Surajit, Yadavilli, Sridevi, Mueller, Sabine, Waszak, Sebastian, and Nazarian, Javad

Abstract

Recent genomic data points to a growing role for somatic mutations altering core histone and linker histone-encoding genes in cancer. However, the prevalence and the clinical and biological implications of histone gene mutations in malignant tumors remain incompletely defined. To address these knowledge gaps, we analyzed somatic mutations in 88 linker and core histone genes across 12,743 tumors from pediatric, adolescent and young adult (AYA), and adult cancer patients. We established a pan-cancer histone mutation atlas contextualized by patient age, survival outcome, and tumor location. Overall, 11% of tumors harbored somatic histone mutations, with the highest rates observed among chondrosarcoma (67%), pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG, >60%), and lymphoma (>30%). Previously unreported histone mutations were discovered in pHGG and other pediatric brain tumors, extending the spectrum of histone gene alterations associated with these cancers. Histone mutation status predicted patient survival outcome in tumor entities including adrenocortical carcinoma. Recurrent pan-cancer histone mutation hotspots were defined and shown to converge on evolutionarily conserved and functional residues. Moreover, we studied histone gene mutations in 1700 pan-cancer cell lines to validate the prevalence and spectrum of histone mutations seen in primary tumors and derived histone-associated drug response profiles, revealing candidate drugs targeting histone mutant cancer cells. This study presents the first-of-its-kind atlas of both core and linker histone mutations across pediatric, AYA, and adult cancers, providing a framework by which specific cancers may be redefined in the context of histone and chromatin alterations.

Published
2023

81. Saúde dos rins para todos: preenchendo a lacuna de educação e conhecimento sobre a saúde renal

Author

Langham, Robyn G, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar, Bonner, Ann, Balducci, Alessandro, Hsiao, Li-Li, Kumaraswami, Latha A, Laffin, Paul, Liakopoulos, Vassilios, Saadi, Gamal, Tantisattamo, Ekamol, Ulasi, Ifeoma, and Lui, Siu-Fai

Abstract

Resumo A elevada carga da doença renal, disparidades globais no cuidado renal e desfechos ruins da insuficiência renal impõem uma sobrecarga crescente aos indivíduos afetados e suas famílias, cuidadores e a própria comunidade geral. Educação em saúde é o grau em que indivíduos e organizações têm, ou que igualmente permitem que indivíduos tenham, capacidade de encontrar, compreender e utilizar informações e serviços para tomar decisões e ações conscientes relacionadas à saúde para si e outros. Mais do que enxergar educação em saúde como um problema dos pacientes, a melhoria dessa educação depende principalmente da comunicação e educação efetiva dos profissionais em parceria com aqueles que apresentam doença renal. Para formuladores de políticas renais, educação em saúde é pré-requisito para que organizações migrem para uma cultura que coloque a pessoa no centro dos cuidados. A crescente capacidade e acesso à tecnologia oferecem novas oportunidades para melhorar educação e conscientização sobre doença renal para todas as partes interessadas. Avanços nas telecomunicações, incluindo redes sociais, podem ajudar a melhorar a educação de pessoas e provedores. O Dia Mundial do Rim declara 2022 como o ano da "Saúde dos Rins para Todos" promovendo trabalho em equipe global no avanço de estratégias para preencher a lacuna na educação e conhecimento em saúde renal. Organizações renais devem trabalhar para mudar a narrativa da educação em saúde como um problema de pacientes, para sendo responsabilidade dos profissionais e formuladores de políticas. Ao engajar-se e apoiar formulação de políticas centradas na saúde renal, planejamento de saúde comunitária e abordagens de educação em saúde para todos, comunidades renais esforçam-se para prevenir doenças renais e permitir viver bem com elas.

Published
2023

82. Author Correction: Widening global variability in grassland biomass since the 1980s

Author

MacDougall, Andrew S., Esch, Ellen, Chen, Qingqing, Carroll, Oliver, Bonner, Colin, Ohlert, Timothy, Siewert, Matthias, Sulik, John, Schweiger, Anna K., Borer, Elizabeth T., Naidu, Dilip, Bagchi, Sumanta, Hautier, Yann, Wilfahrt, Peter, Larson, Keith, Olofsson, Johan, Cleland, Elsa, Muthukrishnan, Ranjan, O’Halloran, Lydia, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Barrio, Isabel C., Biederman, Lori, Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bruschetti, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne, Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Catford, Jane A., D’Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi, Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Christopher R., Donohue, Ian, DuPre, Mary Ellyn, Elgersma, Kenneth, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Estrada, Catalina, Fay, Philip A., Feng, Yanhao, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hersch-Green, Erika, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Laanisto, Lauri, Lannes, Lucíola S., Laungani, Ramesh, Lkhagva, Ariuntsetseg, Macek, Petr, Martina, Jason P., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Muraina, Taofeek O., Niu, Yujie, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Prober, Suzanne M., Ren, Zhengwei, Risch, Anita C., Smith, Nicholas G., Sonnier, Grégory, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Tedder, Michelle, Tognetti, Pedro, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Waring, Elizabeth, Wolf, Amelia A., Yahdjian, Laura, and Seabloom, Eric W.

Published
2024
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83. On the moments of the Ulam-Kac adder

Author

Bonner, Gage

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

Let $\{U(n)\}_{n \geq 0}$ be a sequence of independent random variables such that $U(n)$ is distributed uniformly on $\{0, 1, 2 \dots n\}$. The Ulam-Kac adder is the history-dependent random sequence defined by $X_{n + 1} = X_{n} + X_{U(n)}$ with the initial condition $X_0 = 1$. We show that for each $m \geq 1$, it holds that $\log E[X_n^m]/\sqrt{n}$ approaches a constant $c_m$ as $n \to \infty$. Loose bounds are provided for the constants $c_m$., Comment: Fixed typos, updated references/end matter. Removed citation of a conjecture which has actually been decided (in the negative.)

Published
2023

84. Stability of temporal statistics in Transition Path Theory with sparse data

Author

Bonner, G., Beron-Vera, F. J., and Olascoaga, M. J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Mathematics - Probability, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

Transition Path Theory (TPT) provides a rigorous statistical characterization of the ensemble of trajectories connecting directly, i.e., without detours, two disconnected (sets of) states in a Markov chain, a stochastic process that undergoes transitions from one state to another with probability depending on the state attained in the previous step. Markov chains can be constructed using trajectory data via counting of transitions between cells covering the domain spanned by trajectories. With sparse trajectory data, the use of regular cells is observed to result in unstable estimates of the total duration of transition paths. Using Voronoi cells resulting from k-means clustering of the trajectory data, we obtain stable estimates of this TPT statistic, which is generalized to frame the remaining duration of transition paths, a new TPT statistic suitable for investigating connectivity., Comment: Submitted to Chaos. Comments welcomed!

Published
2023
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85. Fully transformer-based biomarker prediction from colorectal cancer histology: a large-scale multicentric study

Author

Wagner, Sophia J., Reisenbüchler, Daniel, West, Nicholas P., Niehues, Jan Moritz, Veldhuizen, Gregory Patrick, Quirke, Philip, Grabsch, Heike I., Brandt, Piet A. van den, Hutchins, Gordon G. A., Richman, Susan D., Yuan, Tanwei, Langer, Rupert, Jenniskens, Josien Christina Anna, Offermans, Kelly, Mueller, Wolfram, Gray, Richard, Gruber, Stephen B., Greenson, Joel K., Rennert, Gad, Bonner, Joseph D., Schmolze, Daniel, James, Jacqueline A., Loughrey, Maurice B., Salto-Tellez, Manuel, Brenner, Hermann, Hoffmeister, Michael, Truhn, Daniel, Schnabel, Julia A., Boxberg, Melanie, Peng, Tingying, and Kather, Jakob Nikolas

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Background: Deep learning (DL) can extract predictive and prognostic biomarkers from routine pathology slides in colorectal cancer. For example, a DL test for the diagnosis of microsatellite instability (MSI) in CRC has been approved in 2022. Current approaches rely on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Transformer networks are outperforming CNNs and are replacing them in many applications, but have not been used for biomarker prediction in cancer at a large scale. In addition, most DL approaches have been trained on small patient cohorts, which limits their clinical utility. Methods: In this study, we developed a new fully transformer-based pipeline for end-to-end biomarker prediction from pathology slides. We combine a pre-trained transformer encoder and a transformer network for patch aggregation, capable of yielding single and multi-target prediction at patient level. We train our pipeline on over 9,000 patients from 10 colorectal cancer cohorts. Results: A fully transformer-based approach massively improves the performance, generalizability, data efficiency, and interpretability as compared with current state-of-the-art algorithms. After training on a large multicenter cohort, we achieve a sensitivity of 0.97 with a negative predictive value of 0.99 for MSI prediction on surgical resection specimens. We demonstrate for the first time that resection specimen-only training reaches clinical-grade performance on endoscopic biopsy tissue, solving a long-standing diagnostic problem. Interpretation: A fully transformer-based end-to-end pipeline trained on thousands of pathology slides yields clinical-grade performance for biomarker prediction on surgical resections and biopsies. Our new methods are freely available under an open source license., Comment: Updated Figure 2 and Table A.5

Published
2023

88. Pecha, a language practice peer: Guiding language learning interactions through large language models

Author

Ryan Lege, Euan Bonner, and Takako Aikawa

Subjects
Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), artificial intelligence, AI, interaction, large language models, LLMs, Theory and practice of education, LB5-3640, Language acquisition, P118-118.7
Abstract

The interaction hypothesis of second language acquisition (Long, 1981) states that negotiated interaction is necessary for language development. In many language learning contexts, educators and stakeholders seek to provide opportunities for learners to engage in meaningful real-life interactions that help them build linguistic, semantic, and rhetorical competence. However, the opportunities provided for interaction can vary in their degree of effectiveness and may only sometimes lead to increased language ability. If these interactions are scaffolded correctly, they can be tuned to maximize their benefits (Loewen & Sato, 2018). Unfortunately, this is not always practical from a temporal and economic perspective. Artificial intelligence (AI) could be the solution for providing learners with individualized, comprehensive assistance during their learning interactions. Accordingly, the authors developed a bespoke application that employs advanced natural language processing and large language model AI technologies to support learner interactions. The application was developed to support students in two different contexts: Kanda University of International Studies in Japan, where students study English, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, where learners study Japanese. The rationale for creating the application and selecting its major features is discussed. This is followed by a discussion of how the application functions and how it will be used. The authors will then discuss their plans for implementation into both informal and formal learning contexts at the two universities. They conclude by discussing potential limitations and plans for improving the application.

Published
2024
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89. Development and pilot testing of the Population And ContExt adaption of decision aids (PACE) framework

Author

Hankiz Dolan, Deborah Bateson, Mu Li, Rachel Thompson, Chun Wah Michael Tam, Carissa Bonner, and Lyndal Trevena

Subjects
Shared decision-making, Patient decision aid, Contraception, Cultural adaptation, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to develop and pilot test a new framework for the adaptation of patient decision aids (PtDAs) using a specific case example of contraceptive method PtDAs for Chinese-speaking migrant women. Methods: We developed a novel approach for adaptation – the PACE (Population And ContExt adaption of decision aids) framework – that incorporated both existing models and frameworks and innovative elements. It involves six stages: selection and appraisal; review by content experts; content validity and usability pre-testing; translation; decisional needs assessment; and perceived acceptability, usability and feasibility testing. We then followed the framework to pilot and adapt a suite of PtDAs on contraceptive methods for Chinese-speaking migrant women in Australia. Twenty healthcare providers and 22 Chinese migrant women participated during the stages five and six. Results: The pilot resulted in adapted PtDAs that were acceptable to end users. For future research, we proposed further recommendations and considerations based on lessons learnt, which include flexibility in applying the framework and considering an additional real-world evaluation step. Conclusion: Adaptation of PtDAs required a multi-stage and multidisciplinary team-based and pragmatic approach as exemplified in the application of the PACE framework. Innovation: The PACE framework developed and piloted in this study fills a crucial gap in knowledge about how to adapt PtDAs for new populations and contexts and provides an innovative and systemic approach to guide the adaptation process.

Published
2024
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90. Development and validation of the Vaccine Barriers Assessment Tool for identifying drivers of under-vaccination in children under five years in Australia

Author

Jessica Kaufman, Jane Tuckerman, Carissa Bonner, David N. Durrheim, Daniel S. J. Costa, Lyndal Trevena, Jörg Henseler, and Margie Danchin

Subjects
Childhood vaccination, immunization, barriers, parents, children, vaccine acceptance, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Data on routine childhood vaccination coverage can only tell us who is under-vaccinated; it cannot explain why vaccine coverage is low. Collecting data on the reasons behind under-vaccination is necessary to implement cost-effective strategies that address key barriers and target interventions appropriately. However, no instruments that measure both vaccine acceptance and access factors among parents of children

Published
2024
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91. Outcomes of substance use and sexual power among adolescent girls and young women in Cape Town: Implications for structural and cultural differences

Author

Wendee M. Wechsberg, Felicia A. Browne, Tara Carney, Tracy L. Kline, Brittni N. Howard, Sara E. Russell, Isa van der Drift, Bronwyn Myers, Alexandra M. Minnis, Courtney P. Bonner, and Jacqueline W. Ndirangu

Subjects
Sexual negotiation, education, heavy alcohol use, condom use, methamphetamine use, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa experience contextual barriers to HIV risk reduction including incomplete schooling, unintended pregnancy, substance use, and gender-based violence. A cluster randomised trial in Cape Town allocated 24 Black and Coloured communities to a gender-focused HIV risk-reduction intervention or HIV testing, with 500 AGYW total enrolled. We evaluated intervention efficacy by comparing mean differences overall, by community population group (Black and Coloured) and among those with structural barriers based on neighbourhood, education, and employment (n = 406). Both arms reported reductions in alcohol, cannabis, and condomless sex, with no intervention efficacy overall. Among AGYW with barriers, intervention participants reported fewer days of methamphetamine use at 6 months (t(210) = 2·08, p = ·04). In population group analysis, we found intervention effects on alcohol and sexual communication. Intervention participants in Black communities had fewer days of alcohol use at 12 months (t(136) = 2·10, p = ·04). Sexual discussion (t(147) = −2·47, p = ·02) and condom negotiation (t(146) = −2·51, p = ·01) increased for intervention participants at 12 months in Coloured communities. Gender-focused interventions must address population group differences and intersecting barriers to decrease substance use and increase education, skills, and sexual health protection.

Published
2024
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92. Evaluation of periodontitis parameters and plaque examination by microscopy: a report on 20 patients

Author

Mark Bonner

Subjects
periodontitis, Entamoeba gingivalis, periodontal treatment, oral biofilm, phase contrast microscopy, biological markers, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract

The protozoan parasite Entamoeba gingivalis has long been detected in diseased gingival pockets. The parasite is found in 81% of diseased sites using PCR and in up to 100% using microscopy, whereas it is mostly absent from healthy gingival sites. The purpose of this study on 20 periodontitis patients was to analyze the characteristic biofilm using phase-contrast microscopy and evaluate the results of a novel antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory therapeutical approach. The therapeutic strategy, termed “Periodontal Healing Protocol Bonner Dunoyé” (PHPBD), is implemented in monthly appointments for 8 months, and a control visit at one year. It involves a disinfection protocol, subgingival calculus removal, patient training and the microscopic analysis of periodontal biofilm sulci. The practitioner also records bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD) to quantify healing. In all cases, the initial biofilm composed mainly of parasites, neutrophils, spirochetes, and other motile bacteria was progressively replaced by a white blood cell-free biofilm, consisting of motionless coccoid bacteria, filaments, and epithelial cells, indicative of healthy periodontium. Results were stable from month 8 to month 12. At one year, both BOP and PD values were greatly reduced (96%–100% decrease) compared to initial levels. The average sulcus clinical pocket healing toward the 1–3 mm PD group teeth was close to 99% overall patients. In conclusion, implementation of PHPBD appears to result in complete healing of periodontitis within 12 months, as determined by BOP, PD, biofilm microscopic monitoring and elimination of motile bacteria, parasites, and inflammatory cells. Thus, periodontal dysbiosis can be microscopically guided toward predictable eubiosis. Further studies are needed to evaluate long-term benefits.

Published
2024
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93. The Role of Information Visualisation and Anecdotal Evidence in Medical Students’ Clinical Reasoning Process: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Author

Anna Janssen, Micah B. Goldwater, Courtney B. Hilton, Carissa Bonner, and Tim Shaw

Subjects
Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

BACKGROUND Medical students are often taught clinical reasoning implicitly, rather than through a formal curriculum. Like qualified health professionals, they engage in a wide range of information seeking and other practices as part of the clinical reasoning process. This increasingly includes seeking out information online and being informed by anecdotal information from social media or peer groups. The aim of this research was to investigate how anecdotes and icon arrays influenced the clinical reasoning process of medical students deciding to prescribe a hypothetical new drug. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was used. The survey required participants to respond to six hypothetical clinical scenarios in which they were asked to prescribe a hypothetical drug “polypill” for a specific patient. The order of delivery of the six scenarios was randomised for each participant. In response to each scenario, participants indicated how effective they perceived each drug to be. The study received ethics approval from the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee: Protocol No: 2019/001. All participants provided written informed consent before agreeing to participate in the study. RESULTS A total of 56 medical students fully completed the survey. Statistical analysis of the responses indicated that the icon array may be effective for highlighting how the polypill reduces CVD risk, reducing the impact of anecdotes on efficacy judgments. Without the icon array, both the positive and negative anecdotes made participants less willing to prescribe the polypill. CONCLUSIONS Medical student clinical reasoning processes appear to be influenced by anecdotal information and data visualisations. The extent of this influence is unclear, but there may be a need to actively educate students about the influence of these factors on their decision-making as they graduate into a world where they will be increasingly interacting with anecdotal information on social media and visualisations of electronic data.

Published
2024
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94. Insights From the Development of a Dynamic Consent Platform for the Australians Together Health Initiative (ATHENA) Program: Interview and Survey Study

Author

Eddy Xiong, Carissa Bonner, Amanda King, Zoltan Maxwell Bourne, Mark Morgan, Ximena Tolosa, Tony Stanton, and Kim Greaves

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundDynamic consent has the potential to address many of the issues facing traditional paper-based or electronic consent, including enrolling informed and engaged participants in the decision-making process. The Australians Together Health Initiative (ATHENA) program aims to connect participants across Queensland, Australia, with new research opportunities. At its core is dynamic consent, an interactive and participant-centric digital platform that enables users to view ongoing research activities, update consent preferences, and have ongoing engagement with researchers. ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the development of the ATHENA dynamic consent platform within the framework of the ATHENA program, including how the platform was designed, its utilization by participants, and the insights gained. MethodsOne-on-one interviews were undertaken with consumers, followed by a workshop with health care staff to gain insights into the dynamic consent concept. Five problem statements were developed, and solutions were posed, from which a dynamic consent platform was constructed, tested, and used for implementation in a clinical trial. Potential users were randomly recruited from a pre-existing pool of 615 participants in the ATHENA program. Feedback on user platform experience was gained from a survey hosted on the platform. ResultsIn the 13 consumer interviews undertaken, participants were positive about dynamic consent, valuing privacy, ease of use, and adequate communication. Motivators for registration were feedback on data usage and its broader community benefits. Problem statements were security, trust and governance, ease of use, communication, control, and need for a scalable platform. Using the newly constructed dynamic consent platform, 99 potential participants were selected, of whom 67 (68%) were successfully recontacted. Of these, 59 (88%) agreed to be sent the platform, 44 (74%) logged on (indicating use), and 22 (57%) registered for the clinical trial. Survey feedback was favorable, with an average positive rating of 78% across all questions, reflecting satisfaction with the clarity, brevity, and flexibility of the platform. Barriers to implementation included technological and health literacy. ConclusionsThis study describes the successful development and testing of a dynamic consent platform that was well-accepted, with users recognizing its advantages over traditional methods of consent regarding flexibility, ease of communication, and participant satisfaction. This information may be useful to other researchers who plan to use dynamic consent in health care research.

Published
2024
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95. Patient-Clinician Communication During Cardiology Telemedicine Consultations: A Feasibility Study

Author

Timethia J. Bonner DPM, PhD, Bryant Noss BA, Sharonne N. Hayes MD, Katie Ennis MS, David O. Warner MD, Skye Buckner MPH, and Adam J. Milam MD, PhD

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

While studies have evaluated the utility of telehealth in replacing in-person clinical encounters, there is a dearth of literature examining the quality of patient-physician communication with telehealth encounters. Accordingly, this study assessed the feasibility of using virtual cardiology clinical encounters to examine patient-physician interaction, communication, and perceptions of the clinical encounter. Telemedicine cardiology clinical encounters were audio- and video-recorded following the encounter, patients, and cardiologists completed an electronic survey to assess perceptions of the encounter. Qualitative analysis of the communication and statistical analysis of the survey data was conducted, providing descriptive data. The study included 11 patient-physician dyads; all patients were non-Hispanic White. Cardiologists were more racially and ethnically diverse (63% Asian). Most patients agreed telemedicine was comparable to in-person encounters (85.7%), with all cardiologists reporting that patients appeared satisfied with the encounter. We utilized an assessment tool to examine patient-physician communication in the recorded virtual encounters. This study suggests examining patient-physician communication using virtual clinical encounters is feasible, although there are barriers that need addressing for larger studies.

Published
2024
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96. Characterization of a plant-derived monoclonal antibody targeting extracellular enveloped virions of Monkeypox virus

Author

Jennifer A. Melendez, Haiyan Sun, James Bonner, and Qiang Chen

Subjects
Monkeypox virus (MPXV), extracellular enveloped virion (EV), monoclonal antibody, plant-made biologics, plant-made antibody, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

In 2022, the global outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) with increased human-to-human transmission triggered urgent public health interventions. Plant-derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being explored as potential therapeutic strategies due to their diverse mechanisms of antiviral activity. MPXV produces two key infectious particles: the mature virion (MV) and the extracellular enveloped virion (EV), both essential for infection and spread. Effective therapies must target both to halt replication and transmission. Our prior research demonstrated the development of a potent neutralizing mAb against MPXV MV. This study focuses on developing a plant-derived mAb targeting MPXV EV, which is critical for viral dissemination within the host and generally resistant to antibody neutralization. Our findings reveal that the mAb (H2) can be robustly produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plants via transient expression. The plant-made H2 mAb effectively targets MPXV EV by binding specifically to the A35 MPXV antigen. Importantly, H2 mAb shows notable neutralizing activity against the infectious MPXV EV particle. This investigation is the first to report the development of a plant-derived anti-EV mAb for MPXV prevention and treatment, as well as the first demonstration of anti-MPXV EV activity by an mAb across any production platform. It highlights the potential of plant-produced mAbs as therapeutics for emerging infectious diseases, including the MPXV outbreak.

Published
2024
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97. Factors That Influence Access to Medical Assistance in Dying Services: An Integrative Review

Author

Jayne Hewitt, Michael Wilson, Ann Bonner, and Melissa J. Bloomer

Subjects
assisted dying, euthanasia, health service access, integrative review, MAiD, supply and demand, Medicine (General), R5-920, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

ABSTRACT Background In nearly all jurisdictions where it is permitted, Medical Assistance in Dying is situated in a healthcare system. Currently, limited evidence demonstrates how supply and demand factors influence access to Medical Assistance in Dying. Objective The aim of this study is to synthesise empirical research from jurisdictions where Medical Assistance in Dying is legal to identify how supply and demand factors influence access for eligible adults. Method An integrative review was conducted. CINAHL Complete, PubMed, ProQuest, PsycINFO and Embase databases were systematically searched for studies published between January 1998 and January 2024. Records were independently assessed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Additional studies were identified by forward and backward citation searching. All studies were assessed for quality. Findings were analysed deductively using an established conceptual framework, and a secondary narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results Fifty‐eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 32) reported results related to the supply side, 16 reported on the demand side and 10 reported on both supply and demand dimensions of access. Studies about supply showed that health service policies may obstruct access to Medical Assistance in Dying. For healthcare professionals, the practice entails an additional workload and can create tensions with colleagues. Studies of the demand for Medical Assistance in Dying focused on supporting time‐critical decisions, adequate planning and caregiver support. Conclusion Access to Medical Assistance in Dying requires the participation of health services and healthcare professionals but is hindered by policies that obstruct access and direct financial and indirect emotional labour costs. Innovative and inclusive models to promote high‐quality, compassionate care at the end of life and access to Medical Assistance in Dying should be considered. Patient or Public Contribution Patients, caregivers and service users were involved in many of the studies included in this review, and their experiences and perspectives contributed to the analysis and synthesis in this review.

Published
2024
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98. Exopeptidase combination enhances the degradation of isotopically labelled gluten immunogenic peptides in humans

Author

Sulayman Mourabit, Sarah Römer, Erin R. Bonner, Fabian Winter, Julian Tschollar, Mladen V. Tzvetkov, Werner Weitschies, Stefan Engeli, and Werner Tschollar

Subjects
gluten, gluten immunogenic peptide, celiac disease, exopeptidase, glutenase, 33-mer, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

IntroductionCeliac disease is a common autoimmune-like enteropathy caused by an aberrant response to incompletely digested dietary gluten. Gluten immunogenic peptides including the immunodominant 33-mer are thought to be resistant to proteolytic digestion by human gastrointestinal peptidases. We developed a novel enzyme therapy approach to support gluten peptide digestion using a combination of two tandem-acting exopeptidases, AMYNOPEP, that complement the intrinsic enzymatic activity of intestinal brush border enterocytes.MethodsWe evaluated the effects of AMYNOPEP supplementation on 33-mer degradation in vitro and in vivo. In a cross-over clinical study, healthy volunteers with no gastrointestinal disorders were given stable isotope (SI) labelled 33-mer peptides in the presence of varying peptide substrates and caloric loads, with and without AMYNOPEP. 33-mer degradation products (SI-labelled single amino acids) were measured in the blood plasma using LC-MS/MS.ResultsAMYNOPEP achieved rapid, complete amino-to-carboxyl terminal degradation of the 33-mer in vitro, generating single amino acids and dipeptides. In healthy volunteers, AMYNOPEP supplementation significantly increased 33-mer degradation and absorption of SI-labelled amino acids even in the presence of competing substrates. Specifically, we observed a 2.8-fold increase in the Cmax of stable isotope-labelled amino acids in the presence of wheat gluten. The absorption kinetics of labelled amino acids derived from 33-mer digestion with AMYNOPEP closely resembled that of SI-labelled X-Proline dipeptides administered without enzyme supplementation, highlighting the rapid hydrolytic activity of AMYNOPEP on polypeptides.ConclusionsAMYNOPEP achieved complete degradation of the 33-mer into single amino acids and dipeptides in vitro and significantly improved 33-mer degradation kinetics in healthy volunteers, as measured by labelled amino acid detection, warranting further investigation into the potential therapeutic benefits of exopeptidase combinations for patients with gluten-related health disorders including celiac disease.

Published
2024
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99. Enhancement of Subcutaneous Islet Transplant Performance by Collagen 1 Gel

Author

Anna French, Jennifer Hollister-Lock, Brooke A. Sullivan, Eline Stas, Albert J. Hwa, Gordon C. Weir, and Susan Bonner-Weir

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Human islets can be transplanted into the portal vein for T1 diabetes, and a similar procedure is being used in a clinical trial for stem cell–derived beta-like cells. Efforts have been underway to find an alternative transplant site that will foster better islet cell survival and function. Although conceptually attractive, the subcutaneous (SC) site has yielded disappointing results, in spite of some improvements resulting from more attention paid to vascularization and differentiation factors, including collagen. We developed a method to transplant rat islets in a disk of type 1 collagen gel and found improved efficacy of these transplants. Survival of islets following transplantation (tx) was determined by comparing insulin content of the graft to that of the pre-transplant islets from the same isolation. At 14 days after transplantation, grafts of the disks had more than double the recovered insulin than islets transplanted in ungelled collagen. SC grafts of disks had similar insulin content to grafts in a kidney site and in epididymal fat pads. In vivo disks underwent contraction to 10% of initial volume within 24 h but the islets remained healthy and well distributed. Whole mount imaging showed that residual donor vascular cells within the islets expanded and connected to ingrowing host blood vessels. Islets (400 rat islet equivalents (IEQ)) in the collagen disks transplanted into an SC site of NOD scid IL2R gammanull (NSG) mice reversed streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes within 10 days as effectively as transplants in the kidney site. Thus, a simple change of placing islets into a gel of collagen 1 prior to transplantation allowed a prompt reversal of STZ-induced diabetes using SC site.

Published
2024
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100. Stratified analyses refine association between TLR7 rare variants and severe COVID-19

Author

Jannik Boos, Caspar I. van der Made, Gayatri Ramakrishnan, Eamon Coughlan, Rosanna Asselta, Britt-Sabina Löscher, Luca V.C. Valenti, Rafael de Cid, Luis Bujanda, Antonio Julià, Erola Pairo-Castineira, J. Kenneth Baillie, Sandra May, Berina Zametica, Julia Heggemann, Agustín Albillos, Jesus M. Banales, Jordi Barretina, Natalia Blay, Paolo Bonfanti, Maria Buti, Javier Fernandez, Sara Marsal, Daniele Prati, Luisa Ronzoni, Nicoletta Sacchi, Joachim L. Schultze, Olaf Riess, Andre Franke, Konrad Rawlik, David Ellinghaus, Alexander Hoischen, Axel Schmidt, Kerstin U. Ludwig, Valeria Rimoldi, Elvezia M. Paraboschi, Alessandra Bandera, Flora Peyvandi, Giacomo Grasselli, Francesco Blasi, Francesco Malvestiti, Serena Pelusi, Cristiana Bianco, Lorenzo Miano, Angela Lombardi, Pietro Invernizzi, Alessio Gerussi, Giuseppe Citerio, Andrea Biondi, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Marina Elena Cazzaniga, Giuseppe Foti, Ilaria Beretta, Mariella D'Angiò, Laura Rachele Bettini, Xavier Farré, Susana Iraola-Guzmán, Manolis Kogevinas, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria, Beatriz Nafria, Mauro D'Amato, Adriana Palom, Colin Begg, Sara Clohisey, Charles Hinds, Peter Horby, Julian Knight, Lowell Ling, David Maslove, Danny McAuley, Johnny Millar, Hugh Montgomery, Alistair Nichol, Peter J.M. Openshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Chris P. Ponting, Kathy Rowan, Malcolm G. Semple, Manu Shankar-Hari, Charlotte Summers, Timothy Walsh, Latha Aravindan, Ruth Armstrong, Heather Biggs, Ceilia Boz, Adam Brown, Richard Clark, Audrey Coutts, Judy Coyle, Louise Cullum, Sukamal Das, Nicky Day, Lorna Donnelly, Esther Duncan, Angie Fawkes, Paul Fineran, Max Head Fourman, Anita Furlong, James Furniss, Bernadette Gallagher, Tammy Gilchrist, Ailsa Golightly, Fiona Griffiths, Katarzyna Hafezi, Debbie Hamilton, Ross Hendry, Andy Law, Dawn Law, Rachel Law, Sarah Law, Rebecca Lidstone-Scott, Louise Macgillivray, Alan Maclean, Hanning Mal, Sarah McCafferty, Ellie Mcmaster, Jen Meikle, Shona C. Moore, Kirstie Morrice, Lee Murphy, Sheena Murphy, Mybaya Hellen, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Chenqing Zheng, Jiantao Chen, Nick Parkinson, Trevor Paterson, Katherine Schon, Andrew Stenhouse, Mihaela Das, Maaike Swets, Helen Szoor-McElhinney, Filip Taneski, Lance Turtle, Tony Wackett, Mairi Ward, Jane Weaver, Nicola Wrobel, Marie Zechner, Gill Arbane, Aneta Bociek, Sara Campos, Neus Grau, Tim Owen Jones, Rosario Lim, Martina Marotti, Marlies Ostermann, Christopher Whitton, Zoe Alldis, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Fatima Bibi, Jack Biddle, Sarah Blow, Matthew Bolton, Catherine Borra, Ruth Bowles, Maudrian Burton, Yasmin Choudhury, David Collier, Amber Cox, Amy Easthope, Patrizia Ebano, Stavros Fotiadis, Jana Gurasashvili, Rosslyn Halls, Pippa Hartridge, Delordson Kallon, Jamila Kassam, Ivone Lancoma-Malcolm, Maninderpal Matharu, Peter May, Oliver Mitchelmore, Tabitha Newman, Mital Patel, Jane Pheby, Irene Pinzuti, Zoe Prime, Oleksandra Prysyazhna, Julian Shiel, Melanie Taylor, Carey Tierney, Suzanne Wood, Anne Zak, Olivier Zongo, Stephen Bonner, Keith Hugill, Jessica Jones, Steven Liggett, Evie Headlam, Nageswar Bandla, Minnie Gellamucho, Michelle Davies, Christopher Thompson, Marwa Abdelrazik, Dhanalakshmi Bakthavatsalam, Munzir Elhassan, Arunkumar Ganesan, Anne Haldeos, Jeronimo Moreno-Cuesta, Dharam Purohit, Rachel Vincent, Kugan Xavier, Kumar Rohit, Frater Alasdair, Malik Saleem, Carter David, Jenkins Samuel, Zoe Lamond, Wall Alanna, Jaime Fernandez-Roman, David O. Hamilton, Emily Johnson, Brian Johnston, Maria Lopez Martinez, Suleman Mulla, David Shaw, Alicia A.C. Waite, Victoria Waugh, Ingeborg D. Welters, Karen Williams, Anna Cavazza, Maeve Cockrell, Eleanor Corcoran, Maria Depante, Clare Finney, Ellen Jerome, Mark McPhail, Monalisa Nayak, Harriet Noble, Kevin O'Reilly, Evita Pappa, Rohit Saha, Sian Saha, John Smith, Abigail Knighton, David Antcliffe, Dorota Banach, Stephen Brett, Phoebe Coghlan, Ziortza Fernandez, Anthony Gordon, Roceld Rojo, Sonia Sousa Arias, Maie Templeton, Megan Meredith, Lucy Morris, Lucy Ryan, Amy Clark, Julia Sampson, Cecilia Peters, Martin Dent, Margaret Langley, Saima Ashraf, Shuying Wei, Angela Andrew, Archana Bashyal, Neil Davidson, Paula Hutton, Stuart McKechnie, Jean Wilson, David Baptista, Rebecca Crowe, Rita Fernandes, Rosaleen Herdman-Grant, Anna Joseph, Denise O'Connor, Meryem Allen, Adam Loveridge, India McKenley, Eriko Morino, Andres Naranjo, Richard Simms, Kathryn Sollesta, Andrew Swain, Harish Venkatesh, Jacyntha Khera, Jonathan Fox, Gillian Andrew, Lucy Barclay, Marie Callaghan, Rachael Campbell, Sarah Clark, Dave Hope, Lucy Marshall, Corrienne McCulloch, Kate Briton, Jo Singleton, Sohphie Birch, Lutece Brimfield, Zoe Daly, David Pogson, Steve Rose, Ceri Battle, Elaine Brinkworth, Rachel Harford, Carl Murphy, Luke Newey, Tabitha Rees, Marie Williams, Sophie Arnold, Petra Polgarova, Katerina Stroud, Eoghan Meaney, Megan Jones, Anthony Ng, Shruti Agrawal, Nazima Pathan, Deborah White, Esther Daubney, Kay Elston, Lina Grauslyte, Musarat Hussain, Mandeep Phull, Tatiana Pogreban, Lace Rosaroso, Erika Salciute, George Franke, Joanna Wong, Aparna George, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz de Gordoa, Emily Peasgood, Claire Phillips, Michelle Bates, Jo Dasgin, Jaspret Gill, Annette Nilsson, James Scriven, Carlos Castro Delgado, Deborah Dawson, Lijun Ding, Georgia Durrant, Obiageri Ezeobu, Sarah Farnell-Ward, Abiola Harrison, Rebecca Kanu, Susannah Leaver, Elena Maccacari, Soumendu Manna, Romina Pepermans Saluzzio, Joana Queiroz, Tinashe Samakomva, Christine Sicat, Joana Texeira, Edna Fernandes Da Gloria, Ana Lisboa, John Rawlins, Jisha Mathew, Ashley Kinch, William James Hurt, Nirav Shah, Victoria Clark, Maria Thanasi, Nikki Yun, Kamal Patel, Sara Bennett, Emma Goodwin, Matthew Jackson, Alissa Kent, Clare Tibke, Wiesia Woodyatt, Ahmed Zaki, Azmerelda Abraheem, Peter Bamford, Kathryn Cawley, Charlie Dunmore, Maria Faulkner, Rumanah Girach, Helen Jeffrey, Rhianna Jones, Emily London, Imrun Nagra, Farah Nasir, Hannah Sainsbury, Clare Smedley, Tahera Patel, Matthew Smith, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Aayesha Kazi, Janice Hartley, Joseph Dykes, Muhammad Hijazi, Sarah Keith, Meherunnisa Khan, Janet Ryan-Smith, Philippa Springle, Jacqueline Thomas, Nick Truman, Samuel Saad, Dabheoc Coleman, Christopher Fine, Roseanna Matt, Bethan Gay, Jack Dalziel, Syamlan Ali, Drew Goodchild, Rhiannan Harling, Ravi Bhatterjee, Wendy Goddard, Chloe Davison, Stephen Duberly, Jeanette Hargreaves, Rachel Bolton, Miriam Davey, David Golden, Rebecca Seaman, Shiney Cherian, Sean Cutler, Anne Emma Heron, Anna Roynon-Reed, Tamas Szakmany, Gemma Williams, 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Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, host genetics, toll-like receptor 7, targeted sequencing, rare variants, variant collapsing analysis, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Summary: Despite extensive global research into genetic predisposition for severe COVID-19, knowledge on the role of rare host genetic variants and their relation to other risk factors remains limited. Here, 52 genes with prior etiological evidence were sequenced in 1,772 severe COVID-19 cases and 5,347 population-based controls from Spain/Italy. Rare deleterious TLR7 variants were present in 2.4% of young (

Published
2024
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