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Lung cancer is notoriously known for its predisposition to metastasize to the bones. Diagnostic tools, including positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography, offer increased sensitivity in detecting bone infiltration. Management strategies encompass a multidisciplinary approach, including pharmacological pain management, anti-resorptive therapy, radiotherapy, interventional techniques, and surgery. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the incidence and distribution of bone metastases, skeletal-related events (SRE), diagnostic imaging techniques, and contemporary therapeutic strategies to prevent SRE. Systemic anticancer therapy and pain management, although crucial for treating BM, are not discussed in this article., Competing Interests: Le Dr Nguyen-Ngoc a travaillé comme consultant indépendant et/ou participé à des comités consultatifs et donné des conférences pour AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Merck, Sharp and Dohme et Novartis. Les honoraires vont à son institution. La Dre Bouchaab a participé à des comités consultatifs pour Amgen et Novartis. La Pre Peters rapporte des honoraires (institutionnels) d’AiCME, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, ecancer, Eli Lilly, Foundation Medicine, GSK, Illumina, Imedex, Ipsen, Medscape, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., Novartis, PER, PeerView, Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech, Inc., RTP, Sanofi, Takeda, et Galencia ; un soutien financier (institutionnel) de Amgen, Arcus, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, BMS, GSK, iTeos, Merck Sharp et Dohme, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., Pharma Mar, Promontory Therapeutics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech, Inc., et Seattle Genetics ; et est membre de l’ESMO, ASCO, AACR, IASLC, SSOM, SAKK, et ETOP. La Dre Mederos a participé à des comités consultatifs pour Pharma Mar, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp and Dohme et Bristol-Myers Squibb. Les autres auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

The oncology field continues its remarkable evolution over the years, with promising advances leading to innovative and individualized treatments. The development of new molecules, the identification of new therapeutic targets and the search for new sequences or combinations promise to revolutionize cancer treatments and contribute to improving survival rates, patients' quality of life and to open new perspective in oncology research. In this article, the newest data released in 2023 are reviewed., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

The past year has brought several innovations in medical oncology, opening up promising new options for many solid tumors, both localized and metastatic. Immunotherapy, a real spearhead of emerging therapies in metastatic diseases, is seeing its use extend to adjuvant and neoadjuvant modalities, particularly in colon and lung cancers. 2022 also sees a great deal of focus on targeted therapies, as well as on antibody-drug conjugates, which creates new standards in both breast and lung cancers. Here we present the major advances in solid tumors., Competing Interests: Les autres auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

In recent years, new therapeutic strategies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been developed, stemming from a better understanding of oncogenic signaling pathways. The analysis of the alterations of genes involved in NSCLC oncogenesis is now an integral part of the diagnostic approach and opens the way to so-called "targeted" therapies. In this article, we will share the latest therapeutic advances by focusing on alterations of HER2, MET, EGFR and KRAS genes, for which new dedicated treatments have become available., Competing Interests: Solange Peters est consultante pour AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Beigene, Biocartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis, Daiichi Sankyo, Debiopharm, ecancer, Eli Lilly, Elsevier, Fishawack, Foundation Medicine, Illumina, Imedex, IQVIA, Incyte, Janssen, Medscape, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Merck Serono, Merrimack, Novartis, Oncology Education, Pharma Mar, Phosplatin Therapeutics, PER, Pfizer, PRIME, Regeneron, RMEI, Roche/Genentech, RTP, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, Takeda. Tous les honoraires vont à son institution. Tu Nguyen-Ngoc a travaillé comme consultant indépendant et/ou participé à des comités consultatifs et donné des conférences pour AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Merck, Sharp and Dohme, Novartis et Pharma Mar, de qui il a reçu des honoraires. Hasna Bouchaab a travaillé comme consultant indépendant et/ou participé à des comités consultatifs et donné des conférences pour AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Janssen, Merck, Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Sanofi et Takeda. Tous les honoraires vont à son institution. Karim Abdelhamid a donné des conférences pour Bristol-Myers Squibb, de qui il a reçu des honoraires. Les autres auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Despite COVID-19 pandemic, which is still deeply affecting world economy and global health, medical oncology specialists keep pursuing their effort for the identification of new therapeutic options to improve patients' life expectancy and quality of life. 2021 confirms the immunotherapy efficacy, alone or in combination with other modalities, across several indications. This year, we are summarizing the new approaches in the following sectors: lung, breast, melanoma, gynecological, digestive, urological and ENT areas., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related myocarditis is a rare but potentially fatal adverse event that can occur following ICI exposure. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improve patient outcomes. Somatostatin receptor-based positron emission tomography-CT (PET/CT) showed promising results for the assessment of myocardial inflammation, yet information regarding its value for the diagnosis of ICI-related myocarditis, especially at the early stage, is limited. Thus, we investigated the value of 68 Ga-DOTA(0)-Phe(1)-Tyr(3)-octreotide ( 68 Ga-DOTATOC) PET/CT for the early detection and diagnosis of ICI-related myocarditis., Methods: Consecutive patients with clinically suspected ICI-related myocarditis from July 2018 to February 2021 were retrospectively evaluated in this single-center study. All patients underwent imaging for the detection of ICI-related myocarditis using either cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging or 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. PET/CT images were acquired 90 min after the injection of 2 MBq/kg 68 Ga-DOTATOC with pathological myocardial uptake in the left ventricle (LV) suggestive of myocarditis defined using a myocardium-to-background ratio of peak standard uptake value to mean intracavitary LV standard uptake (MBR peak ) value above 1.6. Patients had a full cardiological work-up including ECG, echocardiography, serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB. Endomyocardial biopsy and inflammatory cytokine markers were also analyzed. The detection rate of ICI-related myocarditis using 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT and CMR was assessed., Results: A total of 11 patients had clinically suspected ICI-related myocarditis; 9 underwent 68 Ga -DOTATOC PET/CT. All nine (100%) patients with 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT presented with pathological myocardial uptake in the LV that was suggestive of myocarditis (MBR peak of 3.2±0.8, range 2.2-4.4). Eight patients had CMR imaging and 3/8 (38%) patients had lesions evocative of myocarditis. All PET-positive patients were previously treated with a high dose of steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin prior to PET/CT had elevated serum cTnI except for one patient for whom PET/CT was delayed several days. Interestingly, in 5/6 (83%) patients who presented with concomitant myositis, pathological uptake was seen on whole-body 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT images in the skeletal muscles, suggesting an additional advantage of this method to assess the full extent of the disease. In contrast, four patients with CMR imaging had negative findings despite having elevated serum cTnI levels (range 20.5-5896.1 ng/mL), thus defining possible myocarditis. Newly identified immune correlates could provide specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of ICI-related myocarditis. Most tested patients (six of seven patients) had serum increases in the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and in the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL13, and the mass cytometry phenotypes of immune cell populations in the blood also showed correlations with myocardial inflammation. Four of five patients with myocarditis exhibited a Th1/Th2 imbalance favoring a pronounced inflammatory Th1, Th1/Th17, and Th17 CD4 memory T-cell response. The high proportion of non-classical monocytes and significantly reduced levels of CD31 in four to five patients was also consistent with an inflammatory disease., Conclusion: The use of 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT along with immune correlates is a highly sensitive method to detect ICI-related myocarditis especially in the early stage of myocardial inflammation, as patients with elevated cTnI may present normal CMR imaging results. 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT is also useful for detecting concomitant myositis. These results need to be confirmed in a larger population of patients and validated against a histological gold standard if available., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Compared with the general population, oncology patients face a higher morbidity and mortality caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, health systems had to quickly adapt cancer care in order to maintain the best quality and patient safety. From March to May and from October to December 2020, 254 patients diagnosed with cancer and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 benefited from a tele-health monitoring at the Oncology Department at CHUV. This article describes the key points of the development, implementation and operation of this tele-health monitoring, enabled by an interdisciplinary and inter-professional collaboration between different units and healthcare professionals., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

The COVID-19 pandemic that has swept around the world in early 2020 has changed our daily practice and habits. Fortunately, however, 2020 also brings its share of new approaches and therapeutic combinations as well as new therapies. These advances are improving the outcomes and quality of life of our patients across the spectrum of oncological diseases. This article summarises the latest oncological advances and novelties for 2020 in the following tumor entities : lung, breast, digestive, gynecological, urological and ENT., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Small cell lung cancer is a recalcitrant malignancy with 5-year survival rates of less than 20%. In the majority of cases, patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis despite the new screening method by low-dose CT-scan. The high throughput sequencing has deepened our understanding of its biology. While the treatment of localized disease has changed little, the arrival of immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the management of extensive disease. At the same time, new strategies involving certain potential genetic targets are being analyzed on a large scale that could become valuable therapeutic alternatives in the future. Radiation therapy remains a very useful therapeutic modality in all stages of the disease. This article aims to review the epidemiology, molecular pathology, management and innovative therapies in small-cell lung cancer., Competing Interests: Dr Hasna Bouchaab a participé à des comités consultatifs de Takeda. Pr Solange Peters : a reçu des fonds éducationnels, travaillé comme consultante indépendante, et/ou a participé à des comités consultatifs et donné des conférences pour : Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biocartis, Bioinvent, Blueprint Medicines, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis, Daiichi Sankyo, Debiopharm, Eli Lilly, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Foundation Medicine, Illumina, Incyte, Janssen, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Merck Serono, Merrimack, Novartis, Pharma Mar, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics and Takeda, de qui elle a reçu des honoraires. Dr Tu Nguyen-Ngoc a travaillé comme consultant indépendant et/ou a participé à des comités consultatifs et donné des conférences pour : AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche et Merck, Sharp and Dohme, de qui il a reçu des honoraires. Les autres auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Since the advent of immunotherapy, survival has significantly improved. Though encouraging treatment results, initially only some patients used to benefit significantly and specifically from immunotherapy administered alone. Recently, different combinations of immunotherapy treatments with cytotoxic chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic treatments were tested in order to improve the results. Six immunotherapy treatment strategies are currently approved in Switzerland for the treatment of advanced lung cancer, either in first or later line of treatment, alone or in combination with other cytotoxic treatments. In this paper we will review the results of the latest clinical trials testing immunotherapy that led to change of the standard of care for non-small cell lung cancer, and will mention the latest perspectives of the treatment for locally advanced cancers and for small cell lung cancer., Competing Interests: Heyfa Meganem, Roxana-Maria Socianu et Ana Dolcan n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article. Hasna Bouchaab: participation à des comités consultatifs de MSD, BMS, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer et Takeda. Nuria Mederos: participation à des comités consultatifs d’AstraZeneca. Tu Nguyen: a reçu une bourse de formation, a reçu des indemnités en tant que consultant, a donné des conférences et a participé à des comités consultatifs pour AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Merck, Sharp and Dohme, et Novartis, qui lui ont versé des honoraires. Solange Peters a reçu des fonds éducationnels, travaillé comme consultant indépendant et/ou donné des conférences pour: Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biocartis, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis, Daiichi Sankyo, Debiopharm, Eli Lilly, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Foundation Medicine, Illumina, Janssen, Merck Sharp et Dohme, Merck Serono, Merrimack, Novartis, Pharma Mar, Pfizer, Regeneron,Sanofi, Seattle Genetics et Takeda, de qui elle a reçu des honoraires.

The year 2018 has been incredibly prolific regarding novelties. Several studies have given impressive results and offer new anticancer perspectives. Immunotherapy is gaining more and more place defining a new standard of care for different types of cancer. In parallel with a new approach combining immunotherapy and chemotherapy that is emerging, new forms of adoptive immunotherapy are on the path of approval by regulatory authorities. At the decision-making level, a large somatic genetic analysis is becoming dominant, whereas the addition of more specific biomarkers is still needed regarding immunotherapy. This article aims to summarize the significant new developments in oncology for 2018 concerning the five most common cancers and adoptive cellular immunotherapy., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Subsolid nodules represent almost 20% of all pulmonary nodules found incidentally at chest computed tomography (CT). Their detection is steadily rising, in parallel with the increasing number of CT scans performed. Subsolid nodules differ from solid lung nodules in several ways: morphology, course of progression, risk of malignancy and prognosis. Although they remain a diagnostic challenge, a good correlation has been established between radiological appearance and histopathology. Whilst 75% of persistent subsolid nodules represent a form of adenocarcinoma, their prognosis is generally excellent when resected. Non-resected subsolid nodules require a long follow-up of 3 to 5 years due to their slow-growing nature and high prevalence of malignancy. Specific guidelines have been published in 2013 and in 2015., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.