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51. Open Magnetic Fields in the Martian Magnetosphere Revealing Dipole-like Intrinsic Magnetic Fields at Mars

Author

Xu, Shaosui, primary, Luhmann, Janet G., additional, Mitchell, David L., additional, Weber, Tristan, additional, Brain, David A., additional, Ma, Yingjuan, additional, Curry, Shannon M., additional, DiBraccio, Gina A., additional, Halekas, Jasper, additional, Ruhunusiri, Suranga, additional, Mazelle, Christian, additional, Lillis, Robert J., additional, and Langlais, Benoit, additional

Published
2023
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53. A scoping review of factors influencing prosthesis selection for knee and hip arthroplasties: perspectives of surgeons in high income countries

Author

Allen, Michelle J, primary, Selim, Shayma Mohammed, additional, Senanayake, Sameera, additional, Brain, David, additional, Blythe, Robin, additional, Hinchcliff, Reece, additional, McCreanor, Victoria, additional, Kularatna, Sanjeewa, additional, Elliott, Lana, additional, and McPhail, Steven M, additional

Published
2023
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54. Eliciting hospital staff preferences for an innovative security model of practice to prevent occupational violence in healthcare settings: A qualitative study to select attributes for inclusion in a discrete choice experiment

Author

Hettiarachchi, Ruvini M., primary, Kularatna, Sanjeewa, additional, Allen, Michelle Joy, additional, Senanayake, Sameera Jayan, additional, Brain, David, additional, Griffiths, Joanna, additional, Olsson, Lita, additional, Duff, Jed, additional, and Tyack, Zephanie, additional

Published
2023
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56. Understanding the Evolution of Planetary Atmospheres: the need for an Earth-based atmospheric escape mission

Author

Regoli, Leonardo, primary, Brandt, Pontus, additional, Andre, Mats, additional, Brain, David, additional, Chaffin, Mike, additional, Cohen, Ian, additional, Dandouras, Iannis, additional, Gkioulidou, Matina, additional, Holmstrom, Mats, additional, Ilie, Raluca, additional, Jasinski, Jamie, additional, Keika, Kunihiro, additional, Kollmann, Peter, additional, Lillis, Robert, additional, Nikoukar, Romina, additional, Nordheim, Tom, additional, Rymer, Abigail, additional, Seki, Kanako, additional, Tucker, Orenthal, additional, and Vourlidas, Angelos, additional

Published
2023
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57. Solar and solar wind energy drivers for O+ and O2+ ion escape at Mars

Author

Schnepf, Neesha Regmi, primary, Dong, Yaxue, additional, Brain, David Andrew, additional, Hanley, Kathleen Gwen, additional, Peterson, William K., additional, Strangeway, Robert J, additional, Thiemann, Edward Michael Benjamin, additional, Halekas, Jasper S., additional, Espley, Jared Randolph, additional, Eparvier, Francis G., additional, and Mcfadden, James P., additional

Published
2023
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59. EMM EMUS Observations of Hot Oxygen Corona at Mars: Radial Distribution and Temporal Variability.

Author

Chirakkil, Krishnaprasad, Deighan, Justin, Chaffin, Michael S., Jain, Sonal K., Lillis, Robert J., Raghuram, Susarla, Holsclaw, Greg, Brain, David A., Thiemann, Ed, Chamberlin, Phil, Fillingim, Matthew O., Evans, J. Scott, England, Scott, AlMatroushi, Hessa, AlMazmi, Hoor, Eparvier, Frank, Gacesa, Marko, El‐Kork, Nayla, and Curry, Shannon M.

Subjects
ROTATION of the Sun, MARS (Planet), SOLAR cycle, SOLAR oscillations, SOLAR corona, ATMOSPHERIC oxygen, ULTRAVIOLET spectrometers, OXYGEN
Abstract

We present the first observations of the dayside coronal oxygen emission in far ultraviolet (FUV) measured by the Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) onboard the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM). The high sensitivity of EMUS is providing an opportunity to observe the tenuous oxygen corona in FUV, which is otherwise difficult to observe. Oxygen resonance fluorescence emission at 130.4 nm provides a measurement of the upper atmospheric and exospheric oxygen. More than 500 oxygen corona profiles are constructed using the long–exposure time cross–exospheric mode (OS4) of EMUS observations. These profiles range from ∼200 km altitude up to several Mars radii (>6 RM) across all seasons and for two Mars years. Our analysis shows that OI 130.4 nm is highly correlated with solar irradiance (solar photoionizing and 130.4 nm illuminating irradiances) as well as changes in the Sun–Mars distance. The prominent short term periodicity in oxygen corona brightness is consistent with the solar rotation period (quasi–27–day). A comparison between the perihelion seasons of Mars Year (MY) 36 and MY 37 shows interannual variability with enhanced emission intensities during MY 37, due to the rise of Solar Cycle 25. These observations show a highly variable oxygen corona, which has significant implications on constraining the photochemical escape of atomic oxygen from Mars. Plain Language Summary: The highly sensitive Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) onboard Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) is capable of observing ultraviolet emissions emanating from Mars. Oxygen in the Martian exosphere is hard to see because it's tenuous. In this study, the analysis of long exposure time EMUS optical observations show that the hot oxygen corona on Mars has a short term variability due to solar rotation. Hot oxygen corona also shows a long–term variability that depends on the Sun–Mars distance and the solar cycle progression. When comparing data from two Martian years, it is noticed that the oxygen corona became brighter when the Sun is more active. Key Points: Brighter O corona is observed during perihelion and dimmer during aphelion, indicating a strong relationship with the Sun‐Mars distanceThe variation in OI 130.4 nm brightness shows a linear correlation with solar EUV irradiance, with a short‐term solar rotation periodicityInterannual variability is observed from MY 36 to MY 37, showing an enhancement in O corona brightness with the rise of Solar Cycle 25 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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60. Superthermal Electron Observations at Mars During the December 2022 Disappearing Solar Wind Event.

Author

Xu, Shaosui, Mitchell, David L., Halekas, Jasper, Brain, David A., Weber, Tristan, Andersson, Laila, Shaver, Skylar, Azari, Abigail, McFadden, James P., Hanley, Kathleen, Ma, Yingjuan, Lee, Christina, DiBraccio, Gina A., Mazelle, Christian, and Curry, Shannon M.

Subjects
SOLAR wind, MARS (Planet), WIND pressure, ELECTRIC potential, ELECTRONS, IONOSPHERE
Abstract

On 26–27 December 2022, Mars experienced an extremely low‐density solar wind stream, which was encountered first by Earth because of the radial alignment of the two planets (i.e., Mars opposition). During this event, two important properties of the ionospheric and magnetospheric states changed significantly in response to the low solar wind ram pressure, as inferred from the superthermal electron observations from the Mars Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. The interface between the ionosphere and magnetosphere expanded to thousands of kilometers, outside of the nominal bow shock locations, coinciding with the expansion of the cold planetary ions. Meanwhile, the ambipolar electrostatic potential arising from the ionospheric electron pressure gradient increased from the nominal ∼ −0.7 to ∼ −2 V (relative to the lower ionosphere). This enhanced ambipolar potential likely facilitated the observed ionosphere expansion. Key Points: This study characterizes Mars's magnetospheric and ionospheric response to the disappearing solar wind event in December 2022During the event, open and closed field lines extend beyond the nominal bow shock location, just as the planetary cold ionsThe ionospheric ambipolar potential drop is enhanced from the nominal ∼ −0.7 to ∼ −2 V, likely facilitating the ionosphere expansion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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62. The Place of Research [Commentary]

Author

Brain, David

Subjects
places, placemaking, architecture, environment, landscape, urban design, public realm, planning, design, commentary, research, David Brain
Published
2004

63. Photoelectron boundary: The top of the dayside ionosphere at Mars

Author

Xu, Shaosui, primary, Mitchell, David L., additional, McFadden, James P., additional, Fowler, Christopher M., additional, Hanley, Kathleen, additional, Weber, Tristan, additional, Brain, David A., additional, Ma, Yingjuan, additional, DiBraccio, Gina A., additional, Mazelle, Christian, additional, and Curry, Shannon M., additional

Published
2023
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66. Understanding the Determinants of Australian Hospital Nurses' Hand Hygiene Decisions Following the Implementation of a National Hand Hygiene Initiative

Author

White, Katherine M., Starfelt, Louise C., Jimmieson, Nerina L., Campbell, Megan, Graves, Nicholas, Barnett, Adrian G., Cockshaw, Wendell, Gee, Phillip, Page, Katie, Martin, Elizabeth, Brain, David, and Paterson, David

Abstract

Hand hygiene is the primary measure in hospitals to reduce the spread of infections, with nurses experiencing the greatest frequency of patient contact. The "5 critical moments" of hand hygiene initiative has been implemented in hospitals across Australia, accompanied by awareness-raising, staff training and auditing. The aim of this study was to understand the determinants of nurses' hand hygiene decisions, using an extension of a common health decision-making model, the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), to inform future health education strategies to increase compliance. Nurses from 50 Australian hospitals (n = 2378) completed standard TPB measures (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control [PBC], intention) and the extended variables of group norm, risk perceptions (susceptibility, severity) and knowledge (subjective, objective) at Time 1, while a sub-sample (n = 797) reported their hand hygiene behaviour 2 weeks later. Regression analyses identified subjective norm, PBC, group norm, subjective knowledge and risk susceptibility as the significant predictors of nurses' hand hygiene intentions, with intention and PBC predicting their compliance behaviour. Rather than targeting attitudes which are already very favourable among nurses, health education strategies should focus on normative influences and perceptions of control and risk in efforts to encourage hand hygiene adherence.

Published
2015
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72. Seasonal variability of atomic hydrogen and oxygen in the EMM/EMUS cross-exospheric observations during Mars year 36

Author

Raghuram, Susarla, primary, Chirakkil, Krishnaprasad, additional, Deighan, Justin, additional, Chaffin, Michael, additional, Jain, Sonal, additional, Lillis, Robert, additional, Gacesa, Marko, additional, Fillingim, Matthew O., additional, Brain, David, additional, Thiemann, Ed, additional, Eparvier, Frank, additional, Holsclaw, Greg, additional, England, Scott, additional, Evans, Scott, additional, Lootah, Fatma Hussain, additional, Al Mazmi, Hoor Abdelrahman, additional, Curry, Shannon, additional, and Al Matroushi, Hessa Rashid, additional

Published
2023
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73. Seasonal and Local Time Dependence of Martian FUV Discrete Aurora Observed by EMM EMUS

Author

Chirakkil, Krishnaprasad, primary, Lillis, Robert, additional, Deighan, Justin, additional, Chaffin, Michael, additional, Jain, Sonal, additional, Brain, David, additional, Fillingim, Matthew, additional, Raghuram, Susarla, additional, Evans, Scott, additional, Holsclaw, Gregory, additional, Al Matroushi, Hessa, additional, England, Scott, additional, Al Mazmi, Hoor, additional, Ramstad, Robin, additional, Halekas, Jasper, additional, Espley, Jared, additional, Xu, Shaosui, additional, Fang, Xiaohua, additional, Schneider, Nick, additional, and Curry, Shannon, additional

Published
2023
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74. Sinuous Aurora at Mars: exploring a new phenomenon with data and models 

Author

Lillis, Robert, primary, Azari, Abigail, additional, Ma, Yingjuan, additional, Chirakkil, Krishnaprasad, additional, Deighan, Justin, additional, Chaffin, Michael, additional, Jain, Sonal, additional, Holsclaw, Gregory, additional, Brain, David, additional, Al Matroushi, Hessa, additional, England, Scott, additional, Schneider, Nick, additional, Xu, Shaosui, additional, Al Mazmi, Hoor, additional, Halekas, Jasper, additional, Ramstad, Robin, additional, Espley, Jared, additional, Gruesbeck, Jacob, additional, and Curry, Shannon, additional

Published
2023
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77. The Cost of Neurodevelopmental Disability: Scoping Review of Economic Evaluation Methods

Author

Kularatna,Sanjeewa, Jadambaa,Amarzaya, Senanayake,Sameera, Brain,David, Hawker,Nadia, Kasparian,Nadine A, Abell,Bridget, Auld,Benjamin, Eagleson,Karen, Justo,Robert, and McPhail,Steven M

Subjects
ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research
Abstract

Sanjeewa Kularatna,1 Amarzaya Jadambaa,1 Sameera Senanayake,1 David Brain,1 Nadia Hawker,2 Nadine A Kasparian,3,4 Bridget Abell,1 Benjamin Auld,5 Karen Eagleson,5 Robert Justo,5 Steven M McPhail1,6 1Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; 2Metro South Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; 3Cincinnati Children’s Center for Heart Disease and Mental Health, Heart Institute and the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; 4Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; 5Queensland Paediatric Cardiac Service, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; 6Digital Health and Informatics Directorate, Metro South Health, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaCorrespondence: Sanjeewa Kularatna, Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia, Tel +61 7 3138 0050, Email Sanjeewa.Kularatna@qut.edu.auAbstract: The provision of effective care models for children with neurodevelopmental delay or disability can be challenging in resource constrained healthcare systems. Economic evaluations have an important role in informing resource allocation decisions. This review systematically examined the scope and methods of economic models evaluating interventions for supporting neurodevelopment among children with common neurodevelopmental disorders and identified methods of economic models and presented policy implications. This scoping review employed the Arksey and O’Malley framework and aligned with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Four electronic databases were systematically searched to identify eligible model-based economic evaluations of neurodevelopmental care models published since 2000. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist was used to assess quality of reporting. Data were systematically extracted, tabulated, and qualitatively synthesised across diagnostic categories. Searches identified 1431 unique articles. Twelve studies used a decision analytic model to evaluate care for neurodevelopmental disorders and were included in the review. Included studies focused on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n=6), autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n=3), cerebral palsy (n=2), and dyslexia (n=1). The most used decision analytic modelling approach was a Markov model (n=6), followed by a decision tree (n=3), and a combination of decision tree and Markov model (n=3). Most studies (n=7) adopted a societal perspective for reporting costs. None of the reviewed studies modelled impact on families and caregivers. Four studies reported cost-savings, three identified greater quality of life, and three identified cost increases.Keywords: neurodevelopmental disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, decision analytic models, economic evaluation

Published
2022

79. A Discrete Choice Experiment to Elicit Preferences for a Liver Screening Programme in Queensland, Australia: A Mixed Methods Study to Select Attributes and Levels

Author

Allen, Michelle, primary, Doran, Rachael, additional, Brain, David, additional, Powell, Elizabeth E, additional, O’Beirne, James, additional, Valery, Patricia C, additional, Barnett, Adrian, additional, Hettiarachchi, Ruvini, additional, Hickman, Ingrid J, additional, and Kularatna, Sanjeewa, additional

Published
2022
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84. Upper Neutral Atmosphere and Ionosphere

Author

Bougher, Stephen W., primary, Brain, David A., additional, Fox, Jane L., additional, Francisco, Gonzalez-Galindo, additional, Simon-Wedlund, Cyril, additional, and Withers, Paul G., additional

Published
2017
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85. MAVEN Case Studies of Plasma Dynamics in Low‐Altitude Crustal Magnetic Field at Mars 1: Dayside Ion Spikes Associated With Radial Crustal Magnetic Fields

Author

Soobiah, Y. I. J, Espley, Jared R, Connerney, John E. P, Gruesbeck, Jacob R, DiBraccio, Gina A, Halekas, Jasper, Andersson, Laila, Fowler, Christopher M, Lillis, Robert J, Mitchell, David L, Mazelle, Christian, Harada, Yuki, Hara, Takuya, Collinson, Glyn, Brain, David, Xu, Shaosui, Curry, Shannon M, Mcfadden, James P, Benna, Mehdi, and Jakosky, Bruce M

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

We report for the first time, simultaneous ion, electron, magnetic field vector and electric field wave measurements made possible by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN, during ion energy flux spikes in low‐altitude radial crustal magnetic fields on the Mars dayside. Observations show energetic electrons and ions (E > 25 eV) precipitating on magnetic field lines assumed as closed. Ions (E < 1.4 keV) display broad velocity distributions toward Mars, showing ions flowing from higher altitude possibly after magnetic reconnection or loss cone filling from pitch angle scattering effects. Precipitating ions (E < 1.4 keV) show nonadiabatic features depending on ion mass and energy and returning ions (E < 1.4 keV) show evidence of conserving the first adiabatic invariant in a mirror field. We observe magnetic field perturbations up to 60 nT, electric field wave amplitudes up to 38 mV/m, and brief periods of peaked electron spectra. At ∼175 km and at times Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN is below the mirroring altitude of electrons, we observe mirroring and transverse heating of H+ ions alongside increased electric field wave amplitude fluctuations. It suggests field aligned potential drops result from different mirror altitudes of ions and electrons. Ions E > 1.4 keV (O+) occur as injected accelerated ion beams and ions heated after energization or deceleration. Energy dispersed kilo‐electron‐volt ions suggest a selection effect in radial magnetic fields for lower‐energy Marsward ions, compared to reflection of higher‐energy anti‐Sunward ions. Precipitating kilo‐electron‐volt ions show energy deposition rates of 3.6 ×10(exp -6) W/sq m and sputtering escape rates from precipitating O+ ions of 1.5 ×10(exp 5)/(sq cm.s) and 2.1 ×10(exp 6)/(sq cm.s) are calculated.

Published
2018
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86. The Three-Dimensional Bow Shock of Mars as Observed by MAVEN

Author

Gruesbeck, Jacob R, Espley, Jared R, Connerney, John E. P, DiBraccio, Gina D, Soobiah, Yasir I, Brain, David, Mazelle, Christian, Dann, Julian, Halekas, Jasper, and Mitchell, David L

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Martian magnetosphere is a product of the interaction of Mars with the interplanetary magnetic field and the supersonic solar wind. The location of the bow shock has been previously modeled as conic sections using data from spacecraft such as Phobos 2, Mars Global Surveyor, and Mars Express. The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission spacecraft arrived in orbit about Mars in November 2014 resulting in thousands of crossings to date. We identify over 1,000 bow shock crossings. We model the bow shock as a three-dimensional surface accommodating asymmetry caused by crustal magnetic fields. By separating MAVEN's bow shock encounters based on solar condition, we also investigate the variability of the surface. We find that the shock surface varies in shape and location in response to changes in the solar radiation, the solar wind Mach number, dynamic pressure of the solar wind, and the relative local time location of the strong crustal magnetic fields (i.e., whether they are on the dayside or on the nightside).

Published
2018
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87. The Twisted Configuration of the Martian Magnetotail: MAVEN Observations

Author

DiBraccio, Gina A, Luhmann, Janet G, Curry, Shannon M, Espley, Jared R, Xu, Shaosui, Mitchell, David L, Ma, Yingjuan, Dong, Chuanfei, Gruesbeck, Jacob R, Connerney, John E. P, Harada, Yuki, Ruhunusiri, Suranga, Halekas, Jasper S, Soobiah, Yasir, Hara, Takuya, Brain, David A, and Jakosky, Bruce M

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Measurements provided by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft are analyzed to investigate the Martian magnetotail configuration as a function of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BY. We find that the magnetotail lobes exhibit a ~45deg twist, either clockwise or counterclockwise from the ecliptic plane, up to a few Mars radii downstream. Moreover, the associated cross-tail current sheet is rotated away from the expected location for a Venus-like induced magnetotail based on nominal IMF draping. Data-model comparisons using magnetohydrodynamic simulations are in good agreement with the observed tail twist. Model field line tracings indicate that a majority of the twisted tail lobes are composed of open field lines, surrounded by draped IMF. We infer that dayside magnetic reconnection between the crustal fields and draped IMF creates these open fields and may be responsible for the twisted tail configuration, similar to what is observed at Earth.

Published
2018
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88. Systematic review of factors influencing prosthesis selection for knee and hip arthroplasties in high income/OECD countries: perspective of surgeons/clinicians

Author

Selim, Shayma, Senanayake, Sameera, Kularatna, Sanjeewa, Brain, David, Allen, Michelle, and McPhail, Steven

Subjects
prosthesis selection, Medicine and Health Sciences, knee arthroplasty, hip arthroplasty, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Knee and hip arthroplasty procedures requiring prosthesis selection are both common and costly. Prosthesis selection is a substantial cost driver and potential source of unwarranted variation for hip and knee arthroplasties. According to the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (2015), there is substantial variation in cost of hip prosthesis which has previously been reported to range from $4908 to $16, 178 with a median of $10, 727. Additionally, a significant inconsistency has been observed in the cost of prosthesis for knee and hip replacements between public and private health systems in Australia, with orthopaedic prosthesis costs potentially twice as high in the private sector than the public. It is also noteworthy that Australia pays a higher price per prosthesis than other OECD countries. There are early indications in the literature that it is possible to influence prostheses selection choices in ways that promote high value care and good outcomes for patients. However, little is known regarding what factors influence prosthesis selection by surgeons/clinicians. This review aims to provide a list of factors that may influence prosthesis selection by surgeons/clinicians for knee and hip arthroplasties in high income/OECD countries. In order to compose this list, all factors that may influence prosthesis selection will be extracted from the selected literature and divided into overarching categories. For each category, the number of studies that mention this factor will be counted.

Published
2022
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90. Auroral electrons at Mars: upstream drivers and ionospheric impact

Author

Xu, Shaosui, primary, Mitchell, David, additional, McFadden, James, additional, Fowler, Christopher, additional, Hanley, Gwen, additional, Weber, Tristan, additional, Brain, David, additional, DiBraccio, Gina, additional, Liemohn, Michael, additional, Lillis, Robert, additional, Halekas, Jasper, additional, Ruhunusiri, Suranga, additional, Mazelle, Christian, additional, Benna, Mehdi, additional, Andersson, Laila, additional, and Curry, Shannon, additional

Published
2022
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92. EMM EMUS Observations of Martian nightside discrete EUV and FUV Aurora

Author

Lillis, Robert, primary, Deighan, Justin, additional, Jain, Sonal, additional, Holsclaw, Greg, additional, Fillingim, Matthew, additional, Chirakkil, Krishnaprasad, additional, England, Scott, additional, Chaffin, Michael, additional, Brain, David, additional, Al Matroushi, Hessa, additional, Lootah, Fatma, additional, Al Mazmi, Hoor, additional, Thiemann, Ed, additional, Eparvier, Frank, additional, Schneider, Nick, additional, Halekas, Jasper, additional, Ruhunusiri, Suranga, additional, Espley, Jared, additional, Gruesbeck, Jacob, additional, and Xu, Shaosui, additional

Published
2022
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94. Nightside Auroral Electrons at Mars: Upstream Drivers and Ionospheric Impact

Author

Xu, Shaosui, primary, Mitchell, David L., additional, McFadden, James P., additional, Fowler, Christopher M., additional, Hanley, Kathleen, additional, Weber, Tristan, additional, Brain, David A., additional, DiBraccio, Gina A., additional, Liemohn, Michael W., additional, Lillis, Robert J., additional, Halekas, Jasper S., additional, Ruhunusiri, Suranga, additional, Andersson, Laila, additional, Mazelle, Christian, additional, and Curry, Shannon M., additional

Published
2022
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95. First Synoptic Images of FUV Discrete Aurora and Discovery of Sinuous Aurora at Mars by EMM EMUS

Author

Lillis, Robert J., primary, Deighan, Justin, additional, Brain, David, additional, Fillingim, Matthew, additional, Jain, Sonal, additional, Chaffin, Michael, additional, England, Scott, additional, Holsclaw, Greg, additional, Chirakkil, Krishnaprasad, additional, Al Matroushi, Hessa, additional, Lootah, Fatma, additional, Al Mazmi, Hoor, additional, Thiemann, Ed, additional, Eparvier, Frank, additional, Schneider, Nick, additional, and Curry, Shannon, additional

Published
2022
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97. Application of a Mixed Methods Multi- Criteria Decision Analysis Framework in Integrated Health Care

Author

Blythe, Robin, Carter, Hannah, Abell, Bridget, Campbell, Megan, Brain, David, Dyer, Carly, White, Nicole, Kularatna, Sanjeewa, McPhail, Steven, Blythe, Robin, Carter, Hannah, Abell, Bridget, Campbell, Megan, Brain, David, Dyer, Carly, White, Nicole, Kularatna, Sanjeewa, and McPhail, Steven

Abstract

Background: Evaluating integrated care programs is complex. Integration benefits may not become apparent within short evaluation timeframes, and many programs provide a wide variety of health and non-health benefits. To address these challenges, we illustrate a mixed methods approach for evaluating multiple integrated care programs using multi-criteria decision analysis. Methods: We adapted a decision support tool used by local decision makers to compare data extracted from 17 different integrated care evaluations. Criteria included impact on health services capacity, patient outcomes, integration of care, workforce development and implementation risk, weighted based on stakeholder preferences. Program benefits were compared to their implementation costs, and assessed using cost-effectiveness methods. Sensitivity analysis examined the impact of different criteria weights. Results and discussion: This method captured a diverse range of benefits provided by integrated care programs and provided an accessible heuristic to compare many projects simultaneously. However, this approach may not be sensitive to the appropriateness of each criterion to the health system, the magnitude of difference in individual criteria, equity considerations or socio-political factors. Internal and external validation, especially for subjective criteria such as implementation risk, are needed. Conclusions: This work offers a feasible, flexible and pragmatic approach for evaluating integrated care programs.

Published
2022

98. Correction: Application of a Mixed Methods Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Framework in Integrated Health Care

Author

Blythe, Robin, Carter, Hannah, Abell, Bridget, Campbell, Megan, Brain, David, Dyer, Carly, White, Nicole, Kularatna, Sanjeewa, McPhail, Steven, Blythe, Robin, Carter, Hannah, Abell, Bridget, Campbell, Megan, Brain, David, Dyer, Carly, White, Nicole, Kularatna, Sanjeewa, and McPhail, Steven

Abstract

This article details a correction to: Blythe R, Carter H, Abell B, Brain D, Dyer C, White N, et al. Application of a Mixed Methods Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Framework in Integrated Health Care. International Journal of Integrated Care. 2022; 22: 19. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.5997.

Published
2022

99. Financial Costs of Emergency Department Presentations for Australian Patients With Heart Disease in the Last 3 Years of Life

Author

Kularatna, Sanjeewa, Wong, Jessie, Senanayake, Sameera Jayan, Brain, David, Greenslade, Jaimi, Parsonage, Will, Jun, Deokhoon, McPhail, Steven, Kularatna, Sanjeewa, Wong, Jessie, Senanayake, Sameera Jayan, Brain, David, Greenslade, Jaimi, Parsonage, Will, Jun, Deokhoon, and McPhail, Steven

Abstract

Aims: This study described emergency department (ED) resource use patterns and associated costs among patients with heart disease in their last 3 years of life in a high-income country. Methods: This study used linked data from ED and death registry databases in Australia. A random sample of 1000 patients who died due to any cause in 2017, and who had been living with heart disease for at least the prior 10-years were included. The outcomes of interest were number of ED presentations over each of the last 3 years prior to death and relative cost contributions of ED-related items. Results: The number of patients needing ED care and number of ED presentations per patient increased as patients were closer to death, with 85% experiencing at least one ED presentation in their last year of life. Mean per patient ED presentation cost increased with each year closer to death. Costs related to labor, pathology, patient travel, and goods and services contributed more than 85% of the total cost in each of the 3 years. Conclusion: The increase in cost burden as patients neared death was attributable to more frequent ED presentations per person rather than more expensive ED presentations. The scope of this study was limited to ED presentations, and may not be representative of heart-disease-related end-of-life care more broadly.

Published
2022

100. An innovative antimicrobial stewardship programme for children in remote and regional areas in Queensland, Australia: optimising antibiotic use through timely intravenous-to-oral switch

Author

Avent, Minyon, Lee, Xing, Irwin, Adam, Graham, Nicolette, Brain, David, Fejzic, Jasmine, van Driel, Mieke, Clark, Julia, Avent, Minyon, Lee, Xing, Irwin, Adam, Graham, Nicolette, Brain, David, Fejzic, Jasmine, van Driel, Mieke, and Clark, Julia

Abstract

ObjectivesLittle is known about the benefits of timely switch from intravenous (IV) to oral antibiotic therapy in children. We evaluated the appropriateness of IV-to-oral switch of antibiotic therapy in remote and regional areas of Australia following the implementation of a multifaceted package of interventions.MethodsThe intervention package, including clinician guidelines, medication review stickers, patient information leaflets and educational resources, was implemented in seven facilities in Queensland, Australia. Children with community-acquired pneumonia and skin and soft-tissue infections were switched to oral therapy if they met the required ‘IV-to-oral switch’ criteria. Data were collected for a 7-month period from May to November for the baseline (2018) and intervention (2019) phases.ResultsA total of 357 patients were enrolled in the study, including 178 in the baseline phase and 179 in the intervention phase. The percentage of patients who switched to oral therapy or stopped IV antibiotics, within 24 h of eligibility, increased from 87.6% (156/178) in the baseline phase to 97.2% (174/179) in the intervention phase (P = 0.003). The average number of extra IV days decreased from 0.45 days in the baseline period to 0.18 days in the intervention period (P < 0.001). The median patient length of stay was 2 days for both phases. The only adverse events recorded were line-associated infiltration, with a decrease from 34.3% (61/178) (baseline) to 17.9% (32/179) (intervention) (P < 0.001).ConclusionA multifaceted intervention package to enhance timely IV-to-oral switch of antibiotic therapy for children in remote and regional facilities is effective.

Published
2022

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