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Objective. To determine changes in peri- and neonatal care concerning neonatal mortality and morbidity by comparing 2 cohorts of very prematurely born infants (gestational age [GA] Methods. The Leiden Follow-Up Project on Prematurity (LFUPP-1996/97), a regional, prospective study, includes all infants who were born alive after a GA Results. The absolute number of preterm births in the study region increased by 30%: 102 in 1983 to on average of 133 in 1996-1997. Centralization of perinatal care improved: the percentage of extrauterinely transported infants decreased from 61% in 1983 to 35% in 1996-1997. A total of 182 (73%) of the LFUPP-1996/97 infants were treated antenatally with glucocorticosteroids compared with 6 (6%) of the POPS-1983 infants. A total of 112 (42%) of the LFUPP-1996/97 infants received surfactant. In-hospital mortality decreased from 30% in the 1980s to 11% in the 1990s. Mortality of the extremely preterm infants ( Conclusions. An increase in the absolute number of very preterm births in this study region was found, leading to a greater burden on the regional NICUs. Improvements in peri- and neonatal care have led to an increased survival of especially extremely preterm infants. However, increased survival has resulted in more morbidity, mainly bronchopulmonary dysplasia, at the moment of discharge from the hospital. Pediatrics 2005;115:396-405; changes in peri- and neonatal care, time trend., ABBREVIATIONS. LFUPP, Leiden Follow-up Project on Prematurity; POPS, Project on Preterm and Small for Gestational Age Infants; GA, gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; BPD, [...]

Objective. To determine the outcome of infants with a gestational age (GA) Design. Regional, prospective study; part of the Leiden Follow-Up Project on Prematurity. Setting. Three health regions in The Netherlands. Patients. A total of 266 live born infants (1996/1997) with GA Main outcome measures. Neurologic examination (according to Hempel) and assessment of mental and psychomotor development using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development I, at the corrected age of 2 years. Results. Mortality was 35% (16 of 46) Conclusions. Mortality and neonatal morbidity were higher in infants with GA extremely premature infants, mortality, neonatal morbidity, neurologic outcome, psychomotor and mental development, behavior., ABBREVIATIONS. GA, gestational age; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; BSID, Bayley Scales of Infant Development; DA, definitely abnormal; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; LFUPP, Leiden Follow-Up Project on Prematurity; MA, mildly abnormal; MDI, mental [...]

ABSTRACT This Article addresses how a lawyer may ethically engage in a transnational practice given the current structure of state-by-state bar admission. Part H examines the ethical pitfalls of a [...]

The article traces the evolution of the concept of sovereignty through the historical development of governing systems, including international law. Topics include how sovereignty influences, both relations among states in international law and relations between states and persons in international law; how territorial authority became a principal element of the discussion with political and military power becoming compartmentalized, and the rise of democratic republics in the late 18th century.

The University of Pennsylvania has responded to the rapid changes in international economics and law by broadening the focus of what was once the 'Univ. of Penn. Journal of International Business Law.' The new journal, the Univ. of Penn. Journal of International Economic Law,' will provide a multidisciplinary approach to topics such as private and public international economic relations and law, and the effect of global commerce on international business law in general. Many international law scholars offer there congratulations to the journal's staff and offer reasons why the shift in focus is timely and important.